缺席
缺席 in 30 Sekunden
- 缺席 (quēxí) means to be absent from a place or event where you are expected.
- Used for school, work, meetings, and social events.
- Can be voluntary or involuntary, but implies non-attendance.
- Formal term, often used in official contexts.
- Meaning
- The word 缺席 (quēxí) means to be absent or to miss an event or place where you are expected to be. This can be for various reasons, such as illness, unavoidable commitments, or sometimes even out of choice, though the word itself is neutral and doesn't inherently imply a negative reason. It's commonly used in contexts where attendance is important, like school, work meetings, or social gatherings.
- Usage
- When someone is expected to be somewhere but isn't, they are considered to be 缺席. For example, if a student doesn't come to class, their absence is noted as 缺席. Similarly, if a colleague misses an important team meeting without prior notice, they might be said to have 缺席. The word emphasizes the state of not being present when one should be. It can apply to both voluntary and involuntary absences. For instance, if you are sick and cannot attend a party, you are 缺席 from the party. If you simply choose not to go to a lecture you are required to attend, you are also 缺席. The context usually clarifies the reason or nature of the absence. It is a formal term, often used in official reports, school records, or when discussing attendance matters in a professional setting. However, it can also be used in everyday conversation when discussing someone's absence from an event.
- Contexts
- You will frequently encounter 缺席 in academic settings, such as school attendance records, university course policies, and parent-teacher communications. In the workplace, it's relevant for meeting attendance, project team discussions, and official company events. Socially, it might be used when discussing someone's absence from a wedding, birthday party, or other significant gatherings. Legal and administrative contexts also use this term to denote non-attendance at hearings, appointments, or official proceedings. The core idea is always about a failure to be present where presence is anticipated or required.
他因为生病而缺席了今天的会议。
连续缺席可能会导致课程不及格。
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is Subject + 缺席 (quēxí) + [Object/Event/Place]. The object is often a specific event, meeting, or class where the subject was expected to be present. For example, '我缺席了昨天的会议。' (Wǒ quēxí le zuótiān de huìyì. - I was absent from yesterday's meeting.)
- Adding Reasons
- You can add the reason for absence before or after the word 缺席. Common ways include using '因为' (yīnwèi - because) or '由于' (yóuyú - due to). For example, '他缺席是因为他生病了。' (Tā quēxí shì yīnwèi tā shēngbìng le. - His absence was because he was sick.) Or, '因为生病,他缺席了课程。' (Yīnwèi shēngbìng, tā quēxí le kèchéng. - Due to illness, he was absent from the class.)
- Indicating Duration or Frequency
- To specify how long or how often someone was absent, you can add phrases indicating duration or frequency. For instance, '他缺席了三次课。' (Tā quēxí le sāncì kè. - He was absent for three classes.) Or, '她缺席了整个项目会议。' (Tā quēxí le zhěnggè xiàngmù huìyì. - She was absent from the entire project meeting.)
- Formal vs. Informal
- 缺席 (quēxí) is generally considered more formal than simply saying '没来' (méi lái - didn't come) or '不在' (bù zài - not present). It is appropriate for official communications, academic reports, and business settings. In very casual conversations among close friends, you might use simpler terms, but 缺席 is perfectly understandable and often used to add a touch of formality or seriousness to the statement of absence.
学生缺席了考试,需要补考。
如果他继续缺席,我们将不得不采取行动。
- Academic Settings
- In schools and universities, 缺席 (quēxí) is a very common word. Teachers, administrators, and students use it when discussing attendance. You'll hear it in statements like '您的孩子缺席了三节课' (Your child was absent for three classes) or '请假条需要说明缺席的原因' (The leave request needs to explain the reason for absence). It's also used in official reports on student performance and attendance records.
- Workplace Communications
- In professional environments, 缺席 (quēxí) is used to talk about missed meetings, conferences, or workdays. For example, a manager might say, '我们注意到您缺席了昨天的部门会议' (We noticed you were absent from yesterday's department meeting). It can also appear in HR policies regarding leave and attendance, stating consequences for prolonged absence.
- Formal Announcements and Invitations
- When referring to significant events like weddings, ceremonies, or important social gatherings, 缺席 (quēxí) can be used, especially in formal communications. For instance, a formal invitation might implicitly expect attendance, and a subsequent discussion might mention someone's 缺席. It's also used in news reports or official statements about the attendance of dignitaries or key figures at events.
- Legal and Administrative Contexts
- In legal proceedings or administrative appointments, non-attendance is formally referred to as 缺席 (quēxí). For example, a court might issue a summons, and if a party fails to appear, it's considered an '缺席判决' (quēxí pànjué - default judgment). This highlights the formal and often serious implication of the word in such contexts.
学校通知家长,如果孩子继续缺席,将会有学业上的影响。
他缺席了昨晚的颁奖典礼,但表示会补祝。
- Confusing with '请假' (qǐngjià)
- A common mistake is to use 缺席 (quēxí) when '请假' (qǐngjià - to ask for leave) is more appropriate. '请假' specifically refers to the act of formally requesting permission for absence, usually due to a valid reason like illness or a personal emergency. 缺席 (quēxí) describes the state of being absent, regardless of whether permission was granted or not. For example, if someone is sick and has officially asked for leave, they are '请假' and their absence is a result of that '请假', leading to them being '缺席'. You don't '请假' absence; you '请假' to be absent.
- Overusing in Casual Settings
- While 缺席 (quēxí) is a valid word, it can sound overly formal or even a bit stiff in very casual conversations among close friends. If your friend didn't show up to a casual hangout, saying '你缺席了' might sound a bit too formal. In such cases, '你没来' (nǐ méi lái - you didn't come) or '你没到' (nǐ méi dào - you didn't arrive) would be more natural.
- Incorrect Placement of '了' (le)
- The particle '了' (le) is often used with 缺席 (quēxí) to indicate a completed action or a change of state. However, learners might incorrectly place '了' or omit it when it's needed. For example, '他缺席了会议' (He was absent from the meeting) is correct. Saying '他缺席会议' without '了' can sound incomplete or grammatically awkward in many contexts, especially when referring to a specific past event.
- Confusing with Other Words for 'Missing'
- While 缺席 (quēxí) specifically means to be absent from a place or event where one is expected, other words might be used for 'missing' in different contexts. For example, '丢失' (diūshī) means to lose something, and '想念' (xiǎngniàn) means to miss someone emotionally. Using 缺席 for these situations would be incorrect. For example, you wouldn't say '我缺席了我的钥匙' (I missed my keys); you would say '我丢失了我的钥匙' (I lost my keys).
错误:他缺席了请假。
正确:他缺席了会议,因为他已经请假了。
- 缺席 (quēxí) vs. 缺勤 (quēqín)
- Both refer to absence, but 缺勤 (quēqín) is more specific to work or duty. It means 'to be absent from work' or 'to miss a shift'. 缺席 (quēxí) is broader and can apply to any expected presence, including school, meetings, or social events. For example, a student might be 缺席 from class, but an employee is more likely to be 缺勤 from their job.
Example:
'他缺席了学校的活动,但缺勤于工作。' (He was absent from school activities, but missed work.) - 缺席 (quēxí) vs. 没来 (méi lái) / 没到 (méi dào)
- These are more informal alternatives. '没来' (méi lái) means 'didn't come', and '没到' (méi dào) means 'didn't arrive'. They are used in everyday conversation when the formality of 缺席 (quēxí) is not needed. For instance, if a friend doesn't show up for a casual meetup, you'd say '他没来' rather than '他缺席了'.
Example:
'聚会时,小明没来,我们以为他缺席了。' (At the party, Xiao Ming didn't come; we thought he was absent.) - 缺席 (quēxí) vs. 请假 (qǐngjià)
- As mentioned in common mistakes, '请假' (qǐngjià) is the act of requesting leave, while 缺席 (quēxí) is the state of being absent. One leads to the other. You '请假' to get approved absence, and as a result, you are '缺席'.
Example:
'他因为生病请假了,所以今天缺席了工作。' (He asked for leave due to illness, so he was absent from work today.) - 缺席 (quēxí) vs. 旷课 (kuàngkè)
- '旷课' (kuàngkè) specifically means 'to cut class' or 'to be absent from school without permission'. It implies a deliberate and unauthorized absence. 缺席 (quēxí) is more general and can include authorized absences or absences due to unavoidable circumstances. If a student skips class, they are 旷课, and consequently, they are 缺席 from that class.
Example:
'他旷课被抓到了,这意味着他缺席了课程并且没有理由。' (He was caught skipping class, which means he was absent from the lesson without a valid reason.)
相似词:缺席 (general absence), 缺勤 (absence from work), 旷课 (skipping class).
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The character 席 (xí) itself has ancient origins, often depicted as a woven mat used for sitting or sleeping on the floor, common in traditional East Asian cultures. The idea of 'having a seat' was thus very literal and important. When someone was '缺席', they were literally not occupying their expected '席'.
Aussprachehilfe
- Mispronouncing the initial consonant of 'quē' (q) as a simple 'ch' or 'k'.
- Incorrectly pronouncing the vowel sound in 'quē'.
- Using the wrong tones for 'quē' (should be falling-rising) and 'xí' (should be rising).
- The 'x' sound in 'xí' can be difficult, often approximated as 'sh' or 'sy'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
The word itself is straightforward, but understanding its nuances in formal contexts, legal jargon, or when contrasted with similar words requires a good grasp of the language. Recognizing its use in official documents or policies is key.
Using 缺席 (quēxí) correctly in formal writing, especially when stating reasons or consequences, demands careful attention to grammar and context. Avoiding overuse in informal situations is also important.
Pronunciation of the tones and sounds can be challenging for learners. Knowing when to use the formal 缺席 versus informal alternatives is crucial for natural-sounding speech.
Distinguishing 缺席 (quēxí) from similar-sounding words or words with related meanings requires careful listening, especially in fast-paced conversations or formal lectures.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Using '了' (le) with verbs to indicate completed action.
他缺席了会议。(He was absent from the meeting.)
Using '因为' (yīnwèi) or '由于' (yóuyú) to express reasons.
她缺席是因为她生病了。(She was absent because she was sick.)
Using '如果' (rúguǒ) for conditional statements.
如果缺席三次以上,将受到警告。(If absent more than three times, you will receive a warning.)
Using '并且' (bìngqiě) to connect two clauses.
他缺席了考试,并且没有提交作业。(He was absent from the exam and did not submit the homework.)
Using measure words for frequency (e.g., 次 - cì for times).
他缺席了两次。(He was absent twice.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
我今天缺席了。
I was absent today.
Simple statement of absence.
他缺席了。
He was absent.
Basic past tense absence.
会议缺席。
Absent from the meeting.
Short, descriptive phrase.
她缺席了。
She was absent.
Simple past tense absence.
我们缺席了。
We were absent.
Plural subject absence.
请不要缺席。
Please do not be absent.
Negative imperative.
他缺席了课程。
He was absent from the class.
Absence from a specific event.
我缺席了。
I was absent.
Simple statement of personal absence.
他因为生病缺席了今天的会议。
He was absent from today's meeting due to illness.
Adding reason for absence.
连续缺席可能会导致不及格。
Continuous absence may lead to failing.
Consequence of prolonged absence.
她缺席了昨天的足球比赛。
She was absent from yesterday's football match.
Absence from a specific event.
如果缺席两次以上,就需要写报告。
If absent more than twice, a report is needed.
Conditional statement about absence.
他缺席了学校的活动,因为他要参加比赛。
He was absent from the school event because he had to participate in a competition.
Giving a reason for absence.
我缺席了音乐课,我必须自己练习。
I was absent from music class, I have to practice by myself.
Personal consequence of absence.
请假后,他仍然缺席了。
After asking for leave, he was still absent.
Absence after taking leave.
她的缺席引起了大家的注意。
Her absence drew everyone's attention.
Absence causing notice.
由于突发的家庭事务,他不得不缺席了公司的年度会议。
Due to an unforeseen family matter, he had to be absent from the company's annual meeting.
Formal reason for absence from a significant event.
学校规定,任何缺席超过五次的学生都需要与辅导员面谈。
The school regulation states that any student absent more than five times needs to have a meeting with the counselor.
Policy regarding absence.
他的缺席让整个项目组的进度受到了影响。
His absence affected the progress of the entire project team.
Impact of absence on a team.
她缺席了婚礼,因为她当时正在国外出差。
She was absent from the wedding because she was on a business trip abroad at the time.
Absence due to conflicting commitments.
我们必须找到一种方法来弥补他缺席期间的工作。
We must find a way to compensate for the work during his absence.
Addressing the work left by an absent person.
长时间的缺席可能会被视为不负责任。
Long-term absence may be viewed as irresponsible.
Perception of prolonged absence.
他缺席了所有的期末考试,这让他很难毕业。
He was absent from all final exams, which made it difficult for him to graduate.
Consequences of absence from crucial events.
这次会议的缺席情况将被记录在案。
The attendance status of this meeting, including absences, will be recorded.
Formal recording of absence.
尽管他事先提交了请假申请,但由于审批流程的延误,他在重要项目启动会上仍然缺席了。
Although he submitted a leave request in advance, due to delays in the approval process, he was still absent from the important project kick-off meeting.
Complex sentence structure with conditional and causal elements.
该公司的政策明确规定,任何无故缺席工作超过三天将被视为自动离职。
The company's policy clearly states that any unexcused absence from work exceeding three days will be considered as voluntary resignation.
Formal policy statement with specific conditions.
运动员的缺席不仅影响了球队的士气,也给教练组带来了战术上的挑战。
The athlete's absence not only affected the team's morale but also posed tactical challenges for the coaching staff.
Describing multifaceted impacts of absence.
他缺席了整个学期的课程,但却设法通过了所有科目的考试,这让老师们感到非常惊讶。
He was absent for the entire semester's classes but managed to pass all subject exams, which greatly surprised the teachers.
Unexpected outcome despite absence.
对于那些因病缺席的员工,公司提供了一项补充医疗保险计划。
For those employees who are absent due to illness, the company offers a supplementary medical insurance plan.
Providing support for absent employees.
在关键的听证会上缺席可能导致对被告不利的缺席判决。
Absence from the crucial hearing may lead to a default judgment against the defendant.
Legal consequence of absence.
他的缺席了一系列重要的行业研讨会,这可能会阻碍他在该领域的职业发展。
His absence from a series of important industry seminars might hinder his career development in the field.
Potential negative impact on career.
考虑到他一贯良好的出勤记录,这次缺席是极其罕见的,因此引起了广泛的关注。
Considering his consistently good attendance record, this absence is extremely rare and thus garnered widespread attention.
Highlighting the unusual nature of an absence.
尽管公司提供了远程办公的选项,但由于项目协作的特殊性,部分关键岗位员工的缺席仍对项目进度造成了不可忽视的影响。
Despite the company offering remote work options, due to the specific nature of project collaboration, the absence of employees in certain key positions still had a non-negligible impact on the project's progress.
Sophisticated vocabulary and sentence structure, discussing nuanced impacts.
教育部门强调,学生缺席不应仅仅被视为学业上的损失,更应关注其可能对学生心理健康和社交能力发展造成的长远影响。
The education department emphasizes that student absence should not merely be viewed as an academic loss, but rather attention should be paid to its potential long-term effects on students' mental health and social skill development.
Multi-faceted analysis of absence, connecting academic and personal development.
这位著名艺术家缺席了自己作品的全球首映式,引发了媒体对其健康状况的猜测。
This renowned artist was absent from the global premiere of their own work, sparking media speculation about their health condition.
Absence leading to public speculation and media attention.
在法律实践中,被告缺席审判通常是在被告方未能遵守法庭指示或无正当理由拒绝出庭的情况下进行的。
In legal practice, a defendant's absence from trial is usually conducted when the defense fails to comply with court orders or refuses to appear without valid reason.
Precise legal terminology and context.
尽管他缺席了大部分的训练营,但他凭借惊人的天赋和刻苦的训练,最终还是成功入选了国家队。
Despite being absent from most of the training camp, he successfully made it onto the national team due to his astonishing talent and diligent training.
Overcoming absence through exceptional ability.
这次缺席并非出于个人原因,而是由于不可抗力,例如自然灾害导致交通中断。
This absence was not due to personal reasons but rather to force majeure, such as transportation disruptions caused by natural disasters.
Absence due to external, uncontrollable circumstances.
委员会的缺席报告详细记录了每一位成员的缺席次数及原因,并分析了其对会议效率的影响。
The committee's absence report meticulously documented the number of absences and their reasons for each member, and analyzed their impact on meeting efficiency.
Formal and analytical description of absence records.
他缺席了整个季度的工作,但凭借过去的贡献和良好的声誉,公司仍然决定给予他晋升。
He was absent for the entire quarter, but based on his past contributions and good reputation, the company still decided to grant him a promotion.
Absence not negatively impacting career due to past performance.
鉴于其缺席的频率和对团队协作造成的深远干扰,公司不得不对其采取纪律处分。
Given the frequency of his absences and the profound disruption they caused to team collaboration, the company had no choice but to take disciplinary action against him.
Formal and decisive language regarding consequences of absence.
这位备受尊敬的学者缺席了学术界的年度盛会,引发了关于其健康和学术生涯走向的广泛讨论。
This highly respected scholar was absent from the academic community's annual grand event, sparking widespread discussion about their health and the direction of their academic career.
Absence of a prominent figure leading to significant discourse.
在法律实践中,对被告缺席的处置必须严格遵循正当程序,以确保判决的合法性和公正性。
In legal practice, the handling of a defendant's absence must strictly adhere to due process to ensure the legality and fairness of the judgment.
Emphasis on procedural correctness in legal contexts.
尽管他缺席了关键的谈判阶段,但凭借其卓越的谈判技巧和对局势的深刻洞察,最终还是促成了协议的达成。
Despite being absent during the crucial negotiation phase, he ultimately facilitated the agreement's conclusion through his exceptional negotiation skills and profound insight into the situation.
Absence overcome by exceptional skills and influence.
由于一系列不可预见的外部因素,该国际会议的缺席率异常之高,对会议的成果产生了重大影响。
Due to a series of unforeseen external factors, the international conference experienced an unusually high absence rate, significantly impacting its outcomes.
Absence due to widespread external factors affecting a large event.
在艺术创作领域,有时缺席本身也可以成为一种表达方式,引发观者对存在与虚无的思考。
In the realm of artistic creation, sometimes absence itself can become a form of expression, prompting viewers to contemplate existence and void.
Conceptual use of absence as an artistic statement.
他缺席了整个学期,但通过自学和导师的远程指导,他不仅赶上了进度,还在某些领域取得了超越同学的成就。
He was absent for the entire semester, but through self-study and remote guidance from his mentor, he not only caught up but also achieved results surpassing his peers in certain areas.
Absence overcome through proactive learning and support.
此次缺席并非个人选择,而是源于一系列复杂的政治和经济因素,对国家的外交政策产生了深远影响。
This absence was not a personal choice but stemmed from a complex interplay of political and economic factors, profoundly influencing the nation's foreign policy.
Absence with significant geopolitical and economic ramifications.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— Absent due to illness.
他因病缺席了今天的会议,我们祝他早日康复。
— Absent without a valid reason or excuse.
学校规定,任何无故缺席的学生都会受到警告。
— Reason for absence.
请在表格中填写您的缺席理由。
— Attendance record or status of absence.
老师正在统计班级的缺席情况。
— Missing an exam due to absence.
他缺席了期末考试,现在需要申请补考。
— A judgment made by a court in the absence of one of the parties.
如果被告缺席,法院可能会做出缺席判决。
— Absence from an important meeting.
他缺席了这次重要的项目会议,这引起了大家的担忧。
— Consecutive absences.
他连续缺席多天,学校已经联系了他的家长。
— Absent from a specific event or place.
他缺席了昨天的生日派对。
— To cause absence.
恶劣的天气导致了许多人缺席。
Wird oft verwechselt mit
This is the direct opposite of 缺席 (quēxí). 出席 means to attend or be present at an event. While 缺席 means not being there, 出席 means being there.
请假 is the act of asking for leave, whereas 缺席 is the state of being absent. You ask for leave (请假) to be absent (缺席).
This means to lose something. It's completely different from being absent from a place or event.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— A legal judgment made by a court when one of the parties fails to appear or respond. It's a formal term indicating a serious consequence of absence in legal proceedings.
在多次传唤无效后,法院对被告缺席,并做出了缺席判决。
Legal/Formal— This isn't a fixed idiom but rather an adjective form. It means 'absent' or 'missing'. It's used to describe something or someone that is not present. For example, '他缺席的状态引起了大家的担忧。' (His absent state caused everyone concern.)
他缺席的状态引起了大家的担忧。
Formal— Absence implies automatic forfeiture. This is a rule or principle often found in competitions or formal processes where not showing up means automatically losing your chance or spot.
在这次比赛中,缺席即自动放弃,所以请务必准时。
Formal/Rule-based— The reason for absence. This is a common phrase used when inquiring about or explaining why someone was not present.
他缺席的理由是突发的家庭紧急情况。
Formal/Neutral— An investigation conducted in the absence of a party or relevant information. This can occur in legal or administrative contexts.
由于被告缺席,法庭不得不进行缺席调查。
Legal/Formal— Proof of absence, often a medical certificate or official document explaining why someone was absent.
请提交缺席证明,以便我们核实。
Formal— The consequences of being absent.
我们需要了解缺席的后果,才能做出正确的决定。
Formal— The rate or percentage of absence.
学校正在努力降低学生的缺席率。
Formal— Punishment for absence.
无故缺席将面临相应的惩罚。
Formal— Concerns about someone's absence.
他的缺席引起了老师们的担忧。
Neutral/FormalLeicht verwechselbar
Both refer to absence.
缺席 (quēxí) is a general term for absence from any expected event or place. 缺勤 (quēqín) is specifically about being absent from work or duty. You can be 缺席 from school, but you would 缺勤 from your job.
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了学校的运动会,但<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺勤</mark>于公司。
Both relate to absence from class.
旷课 (kuàngkè) specifically means to skip class without permission, implying truancy. 缺席 (quēxí) is a broader term for absence, which can include authorized or excused absences. If you skip class, you are both 旷课 and 缺席, but not all 缺席 are 旷课.
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>旷课</mark>被抓,所以他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了今天的课程。
Both indicate someone is not present.
没来 (méi lái) is a casual, everyday phrase meaning 'didn't come'. 缺席 (quēxí) is more formal and used when attendance is expected or required, often in official or serious contexts. Using 缺席 in a casual chat might sound too stiff.
朋友聚会,他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>没来</mark>,我们以为他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了。
Both mean 'not present'.
不在 (bù zài) is a general term for not being present at a location, whether expected or not. 缺席 (quēxí) specifically implies absence from a place or event where one *is* expected. For example, '经理<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>不在</mark>办公室' (The manager is not in the office) is neutral, but '他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了会议' (He was absent from the meeting) implies he should have been there.
经理<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>不在</mark>,但学生<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了课程。
Both relate to attending events.
参加 (cānjiā) means to participate in or join an event, focusing on the act of engagement. 缺席 (quēxí) means to *not* attend or participate. They are antonymous in terms of action. 参加 is about being present and active, while 缺席 is about not being present.
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>参加</mark>了会议,而不是<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
Satzmuster
Subject + 缺席 + 了 + [Event/Place]
我<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了今天的课。
Subject + 因为 + [Reason] + 缺席 + 了 + [Event/Place]
他因为发烧<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了会议。
Subject + [Number] + 次 + 缺席 + [Event/Place]
她<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了三次小组讨论。
Subject + 缺席 + [Event/Place] + 导致 + [Consequence]
他的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>导致了项目延误。
尽管 + Subject + [Action], 但 Subject + 缺席 + [Event/Place]
尽管他提交了请假申请,但他仍然<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了关键的演示。
Subject + [Reason/Circumstance] + 使得 + Subject + 缺席 + [Event/Place]
突发的家庭紧急情况<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>使得</mark>他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了婚礼。
Subject + 缺席 + [Event/Place], 引起了 + [Object] + 的 + [Reaction/Concern]
他的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>引起了媒体的广泛关注。
鉴于 + Subject + 的 + [Attribute/Situation], Subject + 缺席 + [Event/Place]
鉴于其一贯良好的出勤记录,这次<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>显得尤为突出。
Wortfamilie
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
High in formal and semi-formal contexts.
-
Using 缺席 (quēxí) for missing objects.
→
Using 丢失 (diūshī) or 不见 (bújiàn) for missing objects.
缺席 (quēxí) refers to people being absent from expected places/events. For objects, use '丢失' (lost) or '不见' (missing). Example: '我<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>丢失</mark>了我的钥匙。' (I lost my keys.) NOT '我<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了我的钥匙。'
-
Using 缺席 (quēxí) in very casual conversation.
→
Using '没来' (méi lái) or '没到' (méi dào) in casual settings.
缺席 (quēxí) is formal. For casual chats, '没来' (didn't come) or '没到' (didn't arrive) are more natural. Example: '他今天<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>没来</mark>。' (He didn't come today.) is better than '他今天<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了。' among friends.
-
Confusing 缺席 (quēxí) with 请假 (qǐngjià).
→
Understanding that 请假 is the act of requesting leave, and 缺席 is the state of being absent.
You '请假' (ask for leave) to be '缺席' (absent). They are not interchangeable. Example: '他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>请假</mark>了,所以<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了会议。' (He asked for leave, so he was absent from the meeting.)
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Incorrect tone pronunciation.
→
Practicing the correct tones: 'quē' (3rd tone - falling-rising) and 'xí' (2nd tone - rising).
The tones are crucial. Mispronouncing them can lead to misunderstanding. Listen to native speakers and practice the specific sounds and tones associated with 缺席 (quēxí).
-
Using 缺席 (quēxí) when 缺勤 (quēqín) is more appropriate.
→
Using 缺勤 (quēqín) for absence from work.
缺勤 (quēqín) specifically means absence from work or duty. 缺席 (quēxí) is more general. Example: '他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺勤</mark>了三天,公司要调查。' (He was absent from work for three days; the company will investigate.)
Tipps
Using '了' (le)
The particle '了' (le) is often used after 缺席 (quēxí) to indicate that the absence has occurred or been completed. For instance, '他缺席了会议。' (He was absent from the meeting.) This helps to signal that the event of being absent has passed.
Mastering the Tones
The tones are crucial in Mandarin. Practice the falling-rising tone on 'quē' and the rising tone on 'xí'. Incorrect tones can change the meaning or make the word difficult to understand. Listen to native speakers and practice saying the word aloud.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be aware of words like 缺勤 (quēqín - absent from work), 旷课 (kuàngkè - skip class), and 出席 (chūxí - attend). Understanding their specific meanings and contexts will help you use 缺席 (quēxí) accurately.
Visual Association
Create a mental image: imagine an empty seat (席 - xí) at an event because someone is missing (缺 - quē). This visual connection can help solidify the meaning of 缺席 (quēxí) as 'absence from a seat/place'.
Cultural Importance of Attendance
In Chinese culture, punctuality and attendance are highly valued. Being 缺席 (quēxí) without a valid reason can be seen as disrespectful. Therefore, understanding the implications of absence in formal settings is important.
Sentence Building
Try to create your own sentences using 缺席 (quēxí) in different contexts. Start with simple sentences and gradually build up to more complex ones, incorporating reasons and consequences.
Reasons for Absence
When using 缺席 (quēxí), it's often natural to explain the reason. Use phrases like '因为...' (yīnwèi - because) or '由于...' (yóuyú - due to) to provide context, e.g., '他缺席是因为他生病了。' (He was absent because he was sick.)
Formal vs. Informal
While 缺席 (quēxí) is formal, its antonym 出席 (chūxí) is also formal. For informal absence, use '没来' (méi lái) or '没到' (méi dào). For absence from work, use 缺勤 (quēqín).
Legal Context
In legal contexts, 缺席 (quēxí) has specific implications, such as '缺席判决' (quēxí pànjué - default judgment). Be aware of these specialized uses in formal legal discussions.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine you are supposed to be at a formal dinner, sitting on a special mat (席 - xí). But you are not there, you are missing (缺 - quē) from your seat. Thus, you are 缺席 (quēxí).
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a classroom with many empty chairs. The word 'ABSENT' is written on one of the empty chairs, and the Chinese characters 缺席 are written above it. The '缺' (missing) character could be visualized as a gap, and the '席' (seat) character as a chair.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to describe three situations where someone might be 缺席 (quēxí). For each situation, explain why it's appropriate to use 缺席 rather than a more informal term like '没来'.
Wortherkunft
The word 缺席 (quēxí) is a compound word formed from two characters. 缺 (quē) means 'to lack', 'to be short of', or 'to be missing'. 席 (xí) means 'mat', 'seat', or 'place'. Together, they literally mean 'to lack a seat' or 'to be missing from one's place'. This etymology clearly conveys the idea of not being in one's designated or expected spot.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Lack of a seat/place.
Sino-TibetanKultureller Kontext
While 缺席 (quēxí) is a neutral term describing the state of being absent, the reasons behind the absence can be sensitive. It's important to be empathetic when discussing someone's absence, especially if it's due to illness or personal emergencies. In formal settings, providing a valid reason is often required.
In English-speaking cultures, the concept of absence is also important, with terms like 'absenteeism' carrying negative connotations, especially in professional and academic environments. However, the emphasis might sometimes be more on the impact of the absence rather than the formal act of being absent itself.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
School Attendance
- 学生<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了课程。
- 连续<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>将影响成绩。
- 请假并提供<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>证明。
- 统计<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>率。
Workplace Meetings
- 他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了昨天的会议。
- 无故<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>将被记录。
- 因病<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 会议<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>情况。
Legal Proceedings
- 被告<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 法院可能做出<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>判决。
- 听证会<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 承认<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
Social Events
- 他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了婚礼。
- 对<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>表示遗憾。
- <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了派对。
- 她的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>引起了关注。
General Absence
- 长时间<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 避免<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 她的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>。
- 我们<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺席</mark>了。
Gesprächseinstiege
"Have you ever had to be absent from an important event? What was the reason?"
"In your country, what are the consequences of being absent from school or work without a valid reason?"
"How do you usually inform people when you need to be absent from a meeting or class?"
"What's the difference between being absent because you're sick and being absent because you chose not to go?"
"Can you think of a situation where being absent might actually be beneficial?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time you were absent from something important. How did it make you feel, and what were the consequences?
Imagine you are a teacher. How would you handle a student who is frequently absent? What measures would you take?
Write a formal email to your boss explaining your absence from an important project meeting, including the reason and how you plan to catch up.
Reflect on the importance of attendance in your learning or work. How does being present contribute to your success?
Consider a scenario where you have to choose between attending an important event and dealing with an unavoidable personal matter. How would you make that decision?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen缺席 (quēxí) means to be absent from a place or event where you are expected, while 出席 (chūxí) means to attend or be present at such a place or event. They are direct antonyms. For example, '所有学生都出席了开学典礼,没有人缺席。' (All students attended the opening ceremony; no one was absent.)
缺席 (quēxí) is a more formal word. You should use it in official contexts like school attendance records, work reports, legal documents, or when discussing significant events in a serious manner. For casual conversations with friends, '没来' (didn't come) or '没到' (didn't arrive) are more appropriate and sound more natural. For instance, you'd say '他没来今天的聚会' (He didn't come to today's party) among friends, but '他缺席了昨天的项目会议' (He was absent from yesterday's project meeting) in a professional setting.
No, 缺席 (quēxí) is specifically used for people who are absent from a place or event where they are expected to be. For missing objects, you would use words like '丢失' (diūshī - to lose) or '不见' (bújiàn - not seen, missing). For example, you wouldn't say '我的钥匙缺席了', but rather '我的钥匙不见了' (My keys are missing).
The consequences depend heavily on the context. In schools, excessive 缺席 (quēxí) can lead to failing grades, make-up exams, or disciplinary actions. In the workplace, it might result in warnings, loss of pay, or even termination. In legal settings, being 缺席 can lead to a default judgment against the absent party. The word often appears in discussions about rules and regulations related to attendance.
The word itself is neutral; it simply describes the state of not being present. However, the context often implies negative consequences or a deviation from expected behavior. For example, '因病缺席' (absent due to illness) is usually understood and excused, while '无故缺席' (absent without cause) is generally viewed negatively.
You can say '缺席了课程' (quēxí le kèchéng) or '缺席了课' (quēxí le kè). For example, '我缺席了昨天的数学课。' (I was absent from yesterday's math class.)
缺席 (quēxí) is a general term for absence from any expected event or place. 缺勤 (quēqín) is more specific and refers to being absent from work or one's duty. For instance, a student might be 缺席 from school, but an employee is 缺勤 from their job. You could say '他缺席了学校的活动,但缺勤于工作。' (He was absent from school activities but missed work.)
Yes, it can. For example, '他们缺席了整个会议。' (They were absent from the entire meeting.) The verb itself does not change for number.
'缺席判决' (quēxí pànjué) means a default judgment in a legal case. This occurs when a defendant fails to appear in court or respond to legal proceedings, and the court makes a judgment in their absence. It's a significant consequence of being 缺席 in a legal context.
You can use the phrase '长期缺席' (chángqī quēxí). For example, '他的长期缺席引起了公司的关注。' (His long-term absence drew the company's attention.)
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Summary
缺席 (quēxí) is the formal term for being absent from a place or event where your presence is expected. It's commonly used in academic, professional, and official settings to denote non-attendance. For example, a student might be 缺席 from class, or an employee might be 缺席 from a meeting.
- 缺席 (quēxí) means to be absent from a place or event where you are expected.
- Used for school, work, meetings, and social events.
- Can be voluntary or involuntary, but implies non-attendance.
- Formal term, often used in official contexts.
Context is Key
Remember that 缺席 (quēxí) is a formal term. While it means 'absent', its usage is best suited for situations where attendance is expected or required, such as in academic, professional, or official settings. Using it in casual conversation might sound overly formal.
Using '了' (le)
The particle '了' (le) is often used after 缺席 (quēxí) to indicate that the absence has occurred or been completed. For instance, '他缺席了会议。' (He was absent from the meeting.) This helps to signal that the event of being absent has passed.
Mastering the Tones
The tones are crucial in Mandarin. Practice the falling-rising tone on 'quē' and the rising tone on 'xí'. Incorrect tones can change the meaning or make the word difficult to understand. Listen to native speakers and practice saying the word aloud.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be aware of words like 缺勤 (quēqín - absent from work), 旷课 (kuàngkè - skip class), and 出席 (chūxí - attend). Understanding their specific meanings and contexts will help you use 缺席 (quēxí) accurately.
Beispiel
由于生病,他昨天缺席了重要的讲座。
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr academic Wörter
抽象的
A2Nicht gegenständlich oder nur gedanklich vorhanden.
抽象地
B1In an abstract manner; conceptually.
艰深
B1Profound; abstruse; recondite.
学术性
A2Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学术化
B1Akademisierung: der Prozess, etwas akademisch oder wissenschaftlich zu gestalten.
学术会议
A2Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.
学术交流
B1Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.
学术期刊
B1Eine wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift ist eine regelmäßig erscheinende Publikation mit wissenschaftlichen Artikeln.
教务处
A2Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.
学术论文
B1Ein wissenschaftlicher Artikel oder eine akademische Arbeit für Fachzeitschriften oder Universitäten.