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B1 noun #6,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

추산

chusan رتبه 6,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 추산 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 추산 in your Level:

In A1, you don't really need the word '추산' yet. It is a very formal and difficult word. At this level, you would just use simple words like '얼마예요?' (How much is it?) or '많아요' (There is a lot). However, if you want to understand the concept, think of '추산' as a fancy way of saying 'I think the number is about...' When you are just starting, you can just use '약' (about) or '쯤' (around) with a number. For example, '약 10명' (about 10 people). '추산' is the word adults use on the news when they are talking about big things like the number of people in a city or how much money a big company has. It's like a 'smart guess' using numbers. You won't use it in daily life with your friends, but you might see it in a very simple news headline.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about more than just yourself. You might talk about your company, your school, or your country. '추산' is a noun that means 'estimation.' You might see it in a textbook when talking about numbers. Instead of just saying 'I guess,' you can think of '추산' as 'a calculation that isn't 100% exact.' For example, if you see a photo of a big crowd, you can't count every person. The number you give is a '추산.' A common way to see it is in the form '추산하다' (to estimate). At this level, just remember that '추산' is for numbers and it is formal. If you are talking to a teacher or a boss, using words like this makes you sound very polite and educated. It's a step up from the casual word '어림잡다.'

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At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize and use '추산' in formal writing and news contexts. This word is essential for discussing social issues and economics. When you describe a situation where the exact number is unknown—like the number of people at a festival or the cost of a project—'추산' is the perfect word. You will often see the pattern '[Number]-으로 추산되다' (to be estimated as [Number]). This is very common in reading passages about the environment, the economy, or social trends. For example, '인구가 5천만 명으로 추산됩니다' (The population is estimated at 50 million). At this level, you should also distinguish '추산' from '계산' (exact calculation). Use '추산' when you are explaining a figure that is based on evidence but might have a small error. It shows you understand the nuance of professional reporting.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '추산' in debates, presentations, and formal essays. You should understand the nuance of 'inference' (推) that is built into the word. When you use '추산,' you are implying that there is a logical basis for your number. You might use phrases like '보수적으로 추산하면' (if we estimate conservatively) or '낙관적인 추산에 따르면' (according to optimistic estimates). This allows you to discuss complex topics like market trends, historical data, and scientific projections. You should also be able to understand the difference between '추산' and '추정' (assumption/estimation). While '추정' can be used for non-numerical assumptions, '추산' is almost always about a specific quantity or value. In a business meeting, using '추산' helps you sound like a professional analyst.

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At the C1 level, '추산' becomes a tool for precise academic and professional communication. You should be able to analyze and critique '추산치' (estimated figures) provided by different sources. For instance, you might discuss why the 'police estimate' and 'organizer estimate' of a rally differ, using terms like '산출 방식' (calculation method) and '오차 범위' (margin of error). You will encounter this word in high-level literature, economic white papers, and government reports. You should also be aware of its historical and etymological roots, understanding how the Hanja '推' (to push/infer) influences its meaning. At this level, you aren't just using the word; you are using it to build complex arguments about data reliability and statistical inference. You might also use it metaphorically in literature to describe the 'estimation' of a person's character or the scale of an abstract concept, though this is less common.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '추산' is indistinguishable from a native speaker's. You understand the subtle sociopolitical implications when different entities release their '추산' of sensitive data. You can navigate the most complex technical documents where '추산' is used alongside advanced statistical terminology. You are capable of using the word in all its forms—noun, verb, and compound—with perfect register and tone. You might even use it in philosophical discussions about the limits of human knowledge and our need to '추산' the infinite. Whether you are writing a doctoral thesis on Korean economic history or delivering a keynote speech on global population trends, '추산' is a natural part of your high-level vocabulary. You understand not just the word, but the entire ecosystem of related terms like '추정,' '산정,' '산출,' and '가늠,' and you can choose between them with absolute precision.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

추산 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Formal noun meaning 'estimation' or 'rough calculation' of numbers.
Commonly used in news reports for population, money, and damage.
Formed from Hanja: 推 (infer) + 算 (calculate).
Usually appears as '추산하다' (to estimate) or '추산되다' (to be estimated).

The Korean noun 추산 (chusan) is a sophisticated term primarily used in formal, academic, and journalistic contexts to describe the act of estimation or rough calculation. Unlike simple counting or precise measurement, 추산 involves taking available data, patterns, and logical inferences to arrive at a figure that is as accurate as possible without being absolute. It is the bridge between a complete guess and a hard fact. In professional settings, when experts discuss the number of people at a rally, the potential financial damage of a natural disaster, or the projected growth of a population, they rely on 추산. This word carries a weight of authority, suggesting that the number provided isn't just a random stab in the dark, but a calculated inference based on methodology.

Core Concept: Inference: At its heart, 추산 is about the 'inferential' aspect of numbers. You use it when the actual total is too large, too fluid, or too hidden to be counted one by one. For example, you cannot count every single person in a crowded city square, so you use density and area to create a 추산.
Common Usage: The Media: You will hear this word daily on Korean news broadcasts. News anchors use it to report on 'estimated casualties,' 'estimated losses,' or 'estimated attendance.' It signals to the audience that the numbers might change as more data becomes available.
Business Context: Projections: In corporate boardrooms, 추산 is used for market size estimations or future revenue projections based on current trends. It differs from a 'budget' because it focuses on what the numbers actually are or likely are right now, rather than what you hope they will be.

이번 홍수로 인한 재산 피해액은 약 50억 원으로 추산됩니다.
— Translation: The property damage caused by this flood is estimated at approximately 5 billion won.

The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 推 (퇴/추) meaning 'to push' or 'to infer' and 算 (산) meaning 'to calculate.' Therefore, the etymological meaning is 'to calculate by pushing forward from known facts.' This distinguishes it from 계산 (gyesan), which is simple arithmetic or counting. If you are adding up your grocery bill, you use 계산. If you are trying to figure out how many people in Korea might buy a new type of smartphone based on previous sales data, you use 추산.

전문가들은 올해 경제 성장률을 2.5%로 추산하고 있습니다.
— Translation: Experts are estimating this year's economic growth rate at 2.5%.

Understanding 추산 is vital for moving into intermediate and advanced Korean because it allows you to discuss abstract concepts and large-scale data with precision. It is also frequently paired with the auxiliary verb 되다 (to become) to form 추산되다 (to be estimated), which is arguably even more common than the active form in formal reporting. This passive construction removes the focus from the person doing the estimating and places it on the figure itself, lending an air of objectivity to the statement.

그 유적지의 가치는 수십억 달러에 달할 것으로 추산된다.
— Translation: The value of that historical site is estimated to reach billions of dollars.

Mastering the usage of 추산 requires understanding its typical grammatical environment. As a noun, it often functions as the head of a phrase, but its most active life is found in the verbal forms 추산하다 (to estimate) and 추산되다 (to be estimated). In Korean syntax, these verbs usually take a numerical value as their complement, often preceded by the particle -으로 (as/to be) or the marker -고 (that).

Pattern 1: [Number] + -(으)로 추산되다: This is the most common formal structure. It literally means 'is being estimated as [Number].' It is used in news reports and scientific papers to present data objectively. Example: 피해액이 10억 원으로 추산됩니다. (The damage is estimated at 1 billion won.)
Pattern 2: [Noun] + 추산: Using 추산 as a noun to modify another noun or as the subject. For example, 경찰 추산 인원 (number of people according to police estimates). Here, '추산' acts as the source or method of the count.
Pattern 3: [Number] + -에 달할 것으로 추산하다: This means 'to estimate that it will reach [Number].' It is used for future projections or for very large quantities. The use of 달하다 (to reach/amount to) emphasizes the scale of the number.

그 회사의 시가 총액은 약 2조 원으로 추산하고 있다.
— Translation: (We/They) are estimating the company's market capitalization at about 2 trillion won.

When using 추산, it is very common to include the adverb 약 (yak), meaning 'approximately' or 'about.' This reinforces the idea that the number is an estimate and not an exact count. For instance, 약 500명으로 추산됩니다 sounds more natural and professional than just 500명으로 추산됩니다 because it acknowledges the inherent margin of error in an estimation.

정확한 통계는 없지만, 업계 추산에 따르면 시장 규모가 커지고 있다.
— Translation: There are no exact statistics, but according to industry estimates, the market size is growing.

Another important nuance is the difference between 추산 and 예상 (expectation/prediction). While both deal with non-exact numbers, 추산 is usually focused on the current or past state of something that is hard to count, whereas 예상 is focused on future outcomes. However, in economic reporting, they can overlap when predicting future figures (e.g., '추산 성장률').

이 지역의 인구는 약 10만 명으로 추산된다.
— Translation: The population of this area is estimated to be about 100,000.

While 추산 might not be the first word you use in a casual conversation at a coffee shop, it is ubiquitous in the 'adult' world of Korea. If you watch the nightly news (KBS, MBC, SBS) or read a major newspaper like the Chosun Ilbo or JoongAng Ilbo, you will encounter this word multiple times. It is the standard vocabulary for presenting data that has a degree of uncertainty but is backed by expert analysis.

In the News: Social Events: When a massive K-pop concert happens or a political protest takes place in Gwanghwamun Square, the media reports the 'estimated attendance.' You will hear phrases like '주최측 추산 100만 명' (1 million people according to organizer estimates). This is where the word is most visible to the general public.
In Economics: Market Analysis: Financial analysts use 추산 when discussing things like the 'shadow economy,' 'unreported income,' or 'future market potential.' Because these things cannot be measured directly with a ruler or a calculator, analysts must '추산' them using various economic indicators.
In Science and History: Archaeological Estimates: When archaeologists find a new tomb from the Joseon Dynasty, they might 추산 the age of the artifacts. Similarly, scientists 추산 the number of stars in a galaxy or the age of the Earth. It denotes a calculation based on scientific evidence.

경찰은 이번 집회에 참가한 인원을 3만 명으로 추산했다.
— Translation: The police estimated the number of participants in this rally at 30,000.

You will also find this word in historical documentaries. When narrators talk about the casualties of the Korean War or the population of Hanyang (old Seoul), they almost always use 추산. It acknowledges that records from the past may be incomplete or biased, and that modern historians have had to infer the numbers based on what remains.

올해 전 세계 스마트폰 판매량은 약 12억 대로 추산됩니다.
— Translation: Global smartphone sales this year are estimated at approximately 1.2 billion units.

In a legal or bureaucratic context, if you are applying for insurance or reporting damages to the government, you might be asked for a 추산액 (estimated amount). This is the amount of money you believe represents the value of what was lost, which will later be verified by an adjuster. Using the word 추산 here shows that you are providing a professional-level assessment rather than just a 'feeling.'

전문가들은 이 기술의 경제적 가치를 수조 원대로 추산하고 있다.
— Translation: Experts are estimating the economic value of this technology in the trillions of won.

Learning a word like 추산 involves understanding not just what it is, but what it isn't. Because English often uses the word 'estimate' for many different situations, Korean learners frequently use 추산 in places where more specific words would be more appropriate.

Mistake 1: Using '추산' for Personal Guesses: If you are guessing how many people will come to your birthday party, do not use 추산. It sounds far too formal, as if you are conducting a statistical analysis of your friends. Instead, use 어림잡다 (to guess/estimate roughly) or 예상하다 (to expect). 추산 is for data and public figures.
Mistake 2: Confusing '추산' with '계산': If you have all the numbers and you are just adding them up, that is 계산 (calculation). Use 추산 only when some of the numbers are missing or inferred. You '계산' your taxes, but the government might '추산' the amount of tax evasion occurring in the country.
Mistake 3: Confusing '추산' with '견적': In a business context, if you want to know how much a contractor will charge to fix your roof, you ask for a 견적 (quote/estimate). 추산 is used for the general value or scale of something, while 견적 is a specific price offer for a service.

Incorrect: 내일 파티에 올 사람을 추산해 봤어.
Correct: 내일 파티에 올 사람을 어림잡아 봤어.
— Nuance: Use '어림잡다' for casual, personal estimations.

Another error is forgetting the particle -으로. Because 추산하다 is often used with a specific number, learners might try to use the object marker -을/를. While sometimes acceptable, [Number]-으로 추산하다 is the standard grammatical construction. It views the number as the 'category' or 'form' that the estimation takes.

Incorrect: 수리비를 추산해 주세요.
Correct: 수리비 견적을 내 주세요.
— Nuance: Use '견적' when asking for a price for a service.

Finally, avoid overusing it. If you use 추산 in every sentence where you aren't sure of a number, you will sound like a news robot. Mix in words like 대략 (roughly), 정도 (about), and 가량 (approximately) for a more natural flow in spoken Korean.

Incorrect: 사과가 몇 개인지 추산해 봐.
Correct: 사과가 몇 개인지 세어 봐 (or 대충 봐).
— Nuance: Don't use '추산' for things you can easily count with your eyes.

Korean has a rich vocabulary for 'estimating' and 'guessing.' Choosing the right one depends entirely on the context, the level of formality, and the basis of your information. Here is how 추산 compares to its closest cousins.

추산 vs. 어림(잡다): 추산 is formal, data-driven, and often involves large numbers. 어림잡다 is the native Korean equivalent and is much more casual. You would '어림잡다' how much salt to put in a soup, but you would '추산' the national salt consumption.
추산 vs. 예상: 예상 (Expectation/Prediction) is future-oriented. It’s what you think will happen. 추산 can be used for the future, but it is more about calculating a value based on logical steps. 예상 is often used for weather or sports outcomes, while 추산 is used for money and population.
추산 vs. 가늠(하다): 가늠하다 means to 'gauge' or 'judge' the size, depth, or intent of something. It is often used for non-numerical things, like 'gauging someone's reaction' or 'judging the distance.' 추산 is strictly for numerical values.
추산 vs. 산출(하다): 산출 (Calculation/Production) is closer to 'calculating' and 'yielding' a result. It implies a more rigorous, often mathematical process than 추산. You '산출' a final score or a specific cost, whereas you '추산' a rough estimate when data is incomplete.

그의 재산이 어느 정도인지 가늠하기조차 힘들다.
— Translation: It's hard to even gauge (estimate) how much wealth he has. (Focus on judging the scale)

In a professional report, you might use 추정 (chujeong), which means 'estimation' or 'assumption.' 추정 is slightly more abstract and is often used in legal or scientific contexts (e.g., 'presumed dead' or 'estimated age'). 추산 is more specifically tied to the act of counting or valuing something numerical.

내년도 매출을 보수적으로 추산해 봅시다.
— Translation: Let's estimate next year's sales conservatively. (Focus on logical calculation)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 推 (추) is the same one used in '추천' (recommendation - pushing someone forward) and '추측' (guess - pushing a thought). It implies a movement from the known to the unknown.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tɕʰu.san/

US /tɕʰu.san/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal weight, but a slight emphasis may fall on the first syllable in formal speech.

هم‌قافیه با

부산 (Busan) 수산 (Sushan/Fishery) 예산 (Yesan/Budget) 계산 (Gyesan/Calculation) 등산 (Deungsan/Hiking) 자산 (Jasan/Asset) 국산 (Guksan/Domestic product) 화산 (Hwasan/Volcano)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '추' like '주' (chu vs ju). '추' needs more air.
Making the 's' in 'san' too soft. It should be a clear, crisp 's'.
Elongating the 'a' sound too much like 'saan'. It should be short and clean.
Mixing up '추산' with '출산' (giving birth). Be careful with the 'ㄹ' sound in the latter.
Pronouncing '산' like '션' (san vs shon).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in news and textbooks, but requires understanding of Hanja-based academic vocabulary.

نوشتن 5/5

Requires knowledge of specific particles (-으로) and formal verb endings (-되다).

صحبت کردن 6/5

Mostly used in professional or serious discussions. Using it in casual talk sounds stiff.

گوش دادن 4/5

Frequently heard in news broadcasts and documentaries.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

계산 (Calculation) 숫자 (Number) 약 (About/Approximately) 전문가 (Expert) 피해 (Damage)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

추정 (Assumption/Estimation) 산출 (Yield/Calculate) 통계 (Statistics) 지표 (Indicator) 분석 (Analysis)

پیشرفته

회귀분석 (Regression analysis) 표본 오차 (Sampling error) 신뢰 구간 (Confidence interval) 상관관계 (Correlation) 인과관계 (Causality)

گرامر لازم

The particle -(으)로 to indicate a status or value.

피해액이 1억 원으로 추산된다.

The passive form -되다 vs active -하다.

전문가가 추산했다 (Expert estimated) vs 추산되었다 (Was estimated).

Noun + -치 to indicate a 'figure' or 'value'.

추산치 (Estimated figure), 최저치 (Lowest figure).

Using -에 달하다 to emphasize a large amount.

손실이 수조 원에 달할 것으로 추산된다.

Adverbializing adjectives with -게.

보수적으로 추산하다 (To estimate conservatively).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

사람이 약 100명으로 추산됩니다.

The number of people is estimated at about 100.

약 (about) is often used with 추산 to show it's not exact.

이 책은 2만 원으로 추산해요.

I estimate this book to be 20,000 won.

추산해요 is the polite present form of 추산하다.

사과가 50개쯤으로 추산됩니다.

The apples are estimated to be around 50.

쯤 (around) also reinforces the estimation.

학생 수가 30명으로 추산돼요.

The number of students is estimated at 30.

추산돼요 is the casual-polite form of 추산되다.

피해가 100만 원으로 추산됩니다.

The damage is estimated at 1 million won.

Noun + -으로 is the standard way to mark the amount.

시간은 한 시간으로 추산해요.

I estimate the time to be one hour.

Time can also be estimated using 추산.

거리는 1km로 추산됩니다.

The distance is estimated at 1km.

Distance is another common category for estimation.

무게는 10kg으로 추산해요.

I estimate the weight at 10kg.

Weight can be estimated based on size and material.

전문가는 이 그림을 1억 원으로 추산했다.

The expert estimated this painting at 100 million won.

추산했다 is the past tense of 추산하다.

참가 인원은 500명으로 추산됩니다.

The number of participants is estimated at 500.

인원 (number of people) is a very common word to pair with 추산.

내년 매출이 늘어날 것으로 추산합니다.

We estimate that next year's sales will increase.

-ㄹ 것으로 추산하다 is used for future projections.

피해액은 아직 추산 중입니다.

The amount of damage is still being estimated.

추산 중 (in the middle of estimating) shows an ongoing process.

정확한 숫자는 모르지만 대략 추산해 보세요.

I don't know the exact number, but please try to estimate it roughly.

대략 (roughly) is a formal adverb often used with 추산.

이 건물의 가치는 매우 높게 추산된다.

The value of this building is estimated to be very high.

높게 (highly) modifies the verb 추산되다.

경찰 추산에 따르면 사고 원인은 졸음운전이다.

According to police estimates, the cause of the accident was drowsy driving.

추산에 따르면 (according to estimates) is a fixed phrase.

비용을 200만 원으로 추산하고 있습니다.

We are estimating the cost at 2 million won.

-고 있다 expresses a current state or ongoing thought.

이번 태풍으로 인한 피해 규모는 500억 원으로 추산된다.

The scale of damage caused by this typhoon is estimated at 50 billion won.

피해 규모 (scale of damage) is a standard phrase in reporting.

전 세계 인구는 80억 명을 넘어선 것으로 추산됩니다.

The world population is estimated to have surpassed 8 billion.

넘어선 것으로 (as having surpassed) uses the past modifier.

주최측은 이번 행사에 1만 명이 모인 것으로 추산했다.

The organizers estimated that 10,000 people gathered for this event.

주최측 (the organizers) is a common subject for 추산.

이 기술이 상용화되면 시장 가치가 수조 원에 이를 것으로 추산된다.

If this technology is commercialized, its market value is estimated to reach trillions of won.

-에 이를 것으로 (to reach) is a formal way to indicate a goal or amount.

전문가들은 올해 경제 성장률을 3% 내외로 추산하고 있다.

Experts are estimating this year's economic growth rate to be around 3%.

내외 (around/plus or minus) is used for approximate ranges.

발견된 유적은 약 2,000년 전의 것으로 추산됩니다.

The discovered ruins are estimated to be from about 2,000 years ago.

추산 can also apply to time periods and ages.

그 기업의 부채는 약 1조 원에 달하는 것으로 추산된다.

The company's debt is estimated to amount to about 1 trillion won.

달하는 것으로 (as amounting to) emphasizes a large quantity.

정부는 이번 정책으로 수만 개의 일자리가 창출될 것으로 추산했다.

The government estimated that tens of thousands of jobs will be created by this policy.

창출될 것으로 (that will be created) is a future-oriented estimation.

업계 추산에 따르면, 해당 시장은 매년 10%씩 성장할 전망이다.

According to industry estimates, the market is expected to grow by 10% every year.

업계 추산 (industry estimate) is a common source of data.

이번 산불로 소실된 산림 면적은 축구장 100개 크기로 추산됩니다.

The forest area lost in this wildfire is estimated to be the size of 100 soccer fields.

Using comparisons (soccer fields) is common in public reporting.

보험사는 사고 차량의 수리비를 500만 원 선으로 추산했다.

The insurance company estimated the repair cost of the accident vehicle at around 5 million won.

-선 (line/level) indicates an approximate range.

이 유전에는 수억 배럴의 원유가 매장되어 있을 것으로 추산된다.

It is estimated that hundreds of millions of barrels of crude oil are buried in this oil field.

매장되어 있을 (to be buried/stored) is a passive state.

연구팀은 이 별의 나이를 약 130억 년으로 추산하고 있다.

The research team estimates the age of this star to be about 13 billion years.

Scientific estimates often use 추산.

그의 은퇴 후 자산 가치는 수백억 원대에 이를 것으로 추산된다.

His asset value after retirement is estimated to reach tens of billions of won.

-대 (range/level) is used for large numerical categories.

이번 선거의 투표율은 지난번보다 소폭 상승한 75%로 추산된다.

The turnout for this election is estimated at 75%, a slight increase from last time.

소폭 (small margin) describes the degree of change.

전문가들은 이 신약이 출시되면 연간 수천 명의 생명을 구할 것으로 추산한다.

Experts estimate that this new drug will save thousands of lives annually once released.

추산 can be used for humanitarian impacts.

통계청의 추산 방식이 변경됨에 따라 실업률 수치에 변화가 생겼다.

As the Statistics Korea's estimation method changed, there was a change in the unemployment rate figures.

추산 방식 (estimation method) refers to the methodology.

해당 지역의 잠재적 경제 가치는 보수적으로 추산해도 상당한 수준이다.

The potential economic value of the region is significant, even by conservative estimates.

보수적으로 (conservatively) means avoiding overestimation.

기후 변화로 인한 전 지구적 손실액은 매년 기하급수적으로 늘어날 것으로 추산된다.

Global losses due to climate change are estimated to increase exponentially every year.

기하급수적으로 (exponentially) describes rapid growth.

이 보고서는 인구 고령화에 따른 사회적 비용을 다각도로 추산하고 있다.

This report estimates the social costs of population aging from various angles.

다각도로 (from various angles) indicates a comprehensive analysis.

역사학자들은 고구려의 전성기 인구를 약 400만 명 내외로 추산한다.

Historians estimate the population of Goguryeo during its peak to be around 4 million.

전성기 (peak/heyday) is the period of greatest success.

암시장의 규모가 정확히 파악되지 않아 전문가들 사이에서도 추산치가 엇갈린다.

Because the size of the black market is not precisely known, estimates vary even among experts.

추산치가 엇갈리다 (estimates vary/diverge) is a common expression.

이번 합병으로 인한 시너지 효과는 연간 5천억 원 이상으로 추산되고 있다.

The synergy effect from this merger is being estimated at more than 500 billion won annually.

시너지 효과 (synergy effect) is common in business Korean.

그 작가의 미발표 원고들의 가치는 돈으로 추산하기 어려울 정도다.

The value of the author's unpublished manuscripts is so high it is hard to estimate in money.

-하기 어려울 정도다 (to the extent that it is hard to...) shows extreme value.

사회적 자본의 가치를 화폐 단위로 추산하는 것은 방법론적 한계가 뒤따른다.

Estimating the value of social capital in monetary units is accompanied by methodological limitations.

방법론적 한계 (methodological limitation) is high-level academic terminology.

우주의 팽창 속도를 추산하는 과정에서 암흑 에너지의 존재가 필수적인 변수로 등장했다.

In the process of estimating the expansion rate of the universe, the existence of dark energy emerged as an essential variable.

변수 (variable) is used in scientific and mathematical contexts.

정치적 이해관계에 따라 집회 인원 추산치가 극명하게 갈리는 현상이 반복되고 있다.

The phenomenon where rally attendance estimates differ sharply depending on political interests is recurring.

극명하게 갈리다 (to be sharply divided) describes a clear disagreement.

생태계 서비스의 경제적 가치를 추산함으로써 환경 보존의 당위성을 역설할 수 있다.

By estimating the economic value of ecosystem services, one can emphasize the necessity of environmental preservation.

당위성을 역설하다 (to emphasize the necessity/rightness) is very formal.

인공지능의 발전이 노동 시장에 미칠 영향을 정량적으로 추산하기는 아직 시기상조다.

It is still premature to quantitatively estimate the impact that the development of AI will have on the labor market.

정량적으로 (quantitatively) means using numbers and measurements.

국가 채무의 장기적 지속 가능성을 추산하기 위해 복잡한 시뮬레이션 모델이 도입되었다.

A complex simulation model was introduced to estimate the long-term sustainability of national debt.

지속 가능성 (sustainability) is a key modern policy term.

고대 문명의 멸망 원인을 규명하는 데 있어 기후 변화의 영향을 추산하는 것이 핵심 과제로 떠올랐다.

Estimating the impact of climate change has emerged as a key task in identifying the causes of the fall of ancient civilizations.

규명하다 (to identify/clarify) is used for scientific or historical investigations.

무형 자산의 가치를 추산함에 있어 객관적인 지표를 설정하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다.

In estimating the value of intangible assets, it is more important than anything else to establish objective indicators.

무형 자산 (intangible assets) refers to things like patents or brand value.

مترادف‌ها

예측 가늠 산출 짐작 계산

متضادها

확정 실측

ترکیب‌های رایج

추산에 따르면

추산되다

추산하다

보수적 추산

추산치

낙관적 추산

인구 추산

피해액 추산

추산액

대략적인 추산

عبارات رایج

추산 인원

— The estimated number of people. Used for events or disasters.

경찰 추산 인원과 주최측 추산 인원이 다르다.

추산 규모

— The estimated scale or size. Used for markets or projects.

이 사업의 추산 규모는 어마어마하다.

추산 가치

— The estimated value. Used for assets, art, or companies.

이 다이아몬드의 추산 가치는 100억 원이다.

추산 결과

— The result of an estimation process.

추산 결과, 예산이 부족한 것으로 나타났다.

추산 근거

— The basis or evidence for an estimation.

어떤 추산 근거를 사용했는지 설명해 주세요.

추산 비용

— The estimated cost for a future or ongoing project.

건축에 들어가는 추산 비용이 너무 비싸다.

추산 수치

— The numerical figure resulting from an estimation.

이 추산 수치는 신뢰하기 어렵다.

추산 범위

— The range within which an estimate falls.

추산 범위가 너무 넓어서 결정하기 힘들다.

추산 모델

— A mathematical or logical model used for estimation.

새로운 추산 모델을 도입했다.

추산 시기

— The time period for which an estimate is made.

추산 시기에 따라 결과가 달라질 수 있다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

추산 vs 출산

Sounds similar but means 'childbirth'. Be careful with the 'ㄹ' sound.

추산 vs 추정

Often used interchangeably, but '추정' is more about assumptions/presumptions, while '추산' is strictly about numerical calculation.

추산 vs 계산

Means exact math. Use '추산' when you don't have all the numbers.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"어림 반 푼어치도 없다"

— To be nowhere near the mark; to be completely impossible or wrong. Related to '어림' (estimation).

그런 계획은 어림 반 푼어치도 없다.

Informal / Idiomatic

"눈대중으로 보다"

— To estimate or measure something just by looking with one's eyes.

소금을 눈대중으로 넣었다.

General

"주먹구구식으로"

— Doing something in a haphazard or unscientific way, like counting on fingers.

주먹구구식으로 추산하면 오차가 크다.

Casual / Critical

"가늠자가 없다"

— To have no standard or way to judge/estimate something.

이 상황은 가늠자가 없어서 판단하기 어렵다.

Literary

"어림잡아 말하다"

— To speak in rough estimates or approximations.

정확한 건 아니지만 어림잡아 말하자면 100명이다.

General

"손꼽아 계산하다"

— To count carefully (literally 'on fingers'), often used for looking forward to something.

휴가 날짜를 손꼽아 계산하고 있다.

General

"계산기를 두드려 보다"

— To calculate the profit and loss carefully before making a decision.

그는 사업을 시작하기 전 계산기를 두드려 보았다.

General / Metaphorical

"발로 뛰며 추산하다"

— To estimate something by going to the actual site and gathering data firsthand.

기자는 현장을 발로 뛰며 피해를 추산했다.

Journalistic

"뜬구름 잡는 소리"

— Vague talk that is not based on reality or solid estimates.

그의 사업 계획은 뜬구름 잡는 소리 같다.

Casual

"천문학적인 수치"

— An astronomical figure; an incredibly large number often used with '추산'.

피해액이 천문학적인 수치로 추산된다.

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

추산 vs 견적

Both translate to 'estimate' in English.

견적 is a price quote for a service (like fixing a car). 추산 is a general statistical estimate of a value or quantity.

수리비 견적을 내다 (Get a repair quote) vs 피해액을 추산하다 (Estimate damage amount).

추산 vs 예상

Both deal with uncertain numbers.

예상 is a prediction of what will happen in the future. 추산 is an inference of a value, often describing the current or past state that is hard to count.

비가 올 것으로 예상된다 (Rain is expected) vs 인구가 10만 명으로 추산된다 (Population is estimated at 100k).

추산 vs 가늠

Both involve judging size or amount.

가늠 is more intuitive and can apply to non-numerical things like 'feelings' or 'distance'. 추산 is technical and strictly numerical.

그의 실력을 가늠하다 (Gauge his skill) vs 매출을 추산하다 (Estimate sales).

추산 vs 어림

Both mean rough estimation.

어림 is a native Korean word and is informal. 추산 is a Sino-Korean word and is formal/journalistic.

어림잡아 10분 (Roughly 10 mins) vs 복구 기간을 10일로 추산하다 (Estimate recovery period as 10 days).

추산 vs 산정

Both mean calculating an amount.

산정 is used for official, precise calculation of things like taxes or fees based on a set formula. 추산 is for when data is incomplete.

보험료 산정 (Calculating insurance premium) vs 피해 규모 추산 (Estimating damage scale).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Number] + -으로 추산해요.

비용은 10만 원으로 추산해요.

[Number] + -으로 추산됩니다.

인구는 500만 명으로 추산됩니다.

[Noun] + 추산에 따르면...

경찰 추산에 따르면 사고는 어제 일어났다.

[Number] + -에 달할 것으로 추산하다.

피해액이 1조 원에 달할 것으로 추산한다.

보수적으로 추산해도 [Number] + -이다.

보수적으로 추산해도 수익은 1억이다.

[Noun] + 추산 방식의 타당성.

인구 추산 방식의 타당성을 검토해야 한다.

추산치가 [Adverb] + 엇갈리다.

추산치가 극명하게 엇갈리고 있다.

[Concept] + -을/를 정량적으로 추산하다.

행복의 가치를 정량적으로 추산하기는 어렵다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

추산치 (Estimated figure)

추산액 (Estimated amount)

경찰 추산 (Police estimate)

주최측 추산 (Organizer estimate)

فعل‌ها

추산하다 (To estimate)

추산되다 (To be estimated)

مرتبط

통계 (Statistics)

데이터 (Data)

오차 (Error/Margin)

정확도 (Accuracy)

수치 (Numerical value)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in news, medium in business, low in casual daily life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '추산' for small, countable items. → 계산 (Calculation) or 세다 (Count)
If you are counting 5 apples on a table, don't use '추산'. Use it for large or hidden numbers.
Using the object marker -을/를 with the number. → -으로
Instead of saying '100명을 추산하다', say '100명으로 추산하다'. The '-으로' indicates the capacity or form of the estimate.
Using '추산' when you mean a 'quote' for services. → 견적
If you want to know the price for a car repair, ask for a '견적', not a '추산'.
Confusing '추산' with '예상' in casual future talk. → 예상
Don't say '내일 친구가 올 것을 추산해'. Say '친구가 올 것으로 예상해'. '추산' is too formal for friends.
Mispronouncing it as '출산'. → 추산
This is a very common and embarrassing mistake. Practice the difference between 'chu' and 'chul'.

نکات

Use -으로 with 추산

Always remember to use the particle '-으로' after the number. For example, '100명으로 추산된다'. It marks the result of the estimation.

Pair with '약'

Since '추산' is an estimate, it almost always goes with '약' (about) or '대략' (roughly). This makes your Korean sound much more natural and professional.

Keep it Professional

Save '추산' for your work emails, presentations, or when discussing serious news. Using it in the right context shows you have a high level of Korean.

Don't confuse with '출산'

Be very careful with the pronunciation. '추산' (estimate) and '출산' (birth) are only one letter apart but have completely different meanings.

Check the Source

When you see '추산' in the news, look for the word before it. Is it '경찰' (police), '주최측' (organizers), or '전문가' (experts)? The source matters!

Use '추산치' for clarity

If you want to talk about the number itself, use '추산치'. Example: '이 추산치는 정확하지 않다' (This estimated figure is not accurate).

Use in Projections

When talking about future growth, '추산' sounds more data-driven than '예상'. Use it to sound like an expert analyst.

Historical Context

When reading about Korean history, '추산' is used to talk about the size of ancient armies or populations. It's a key word for history buffs.

Softening the Estimate

You can say '추산하고 있습니다' instead of '추산합니다' to sound more careful and ongoing in your thinking process.

Inference is Key

Remember the '추' (推) means inference. Use this word when you have evidence, not just a random guess.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'CHOO-SAN'. A train goes 'CHOO CHOO' and pushes forward. 'SAN' is like 'Mountain'. You are pushing (推) your brain to calculate (算) the size of a whole mountain of data.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person looking at a huge crowd from a helicopter and using a grid to 'push' (推) their count from one small square to the whole area to 'calculate' (算) the total.

شبکه واژگان

통계 (Statistics) 계산 (Calculation) 숫자 (Numbers) 보고서 (Report) 전문가 (Expert) 약 (Approximately) 규모 (Scale) 가치 (Value)

چالش

Try to find a news article in Korean today that uses the word '추산'. Write down the number it is estimating and the topic (e.g., money, people, time).

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Hanja characters 推 (추) and 算 (산). The word entered the Korean language through the long-standing influence of Classical Chinese on Korean academic and administrative vocabulary.

معنای اصلی: 推 (to push, infer, extend) + 算 (to count, calculate). Literally: To extend one's logic to count something.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using '추산' for sensitive topics like casualties in a tragedy. Always use '추산됩니다' (passive) to sound objective and respectful.

In English, we often use 'estimate' for everything from a car repair quote to a population count. In Korean, '추산' is specifically the statistical/formal version, while '견적' is for business quotes.

News reports on the 'Sewol Ferry' disaster often used '추산' for the amount of cargo or the number of passengers before final counts were confirmed. Economic reports regarding the 'Miracle on the Han River' use '추산' to describe historical GDP growth. Environmental documentaries use '추산' to discuss the number of endangered tigers remaining in the wild.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Natural Disasters

피해액 추산 (Damage estimation)
이재민 수 추산 (Estimated number of displaced people)
복구 비용 추산 (Estimated recovery cost)
피해 규모 추산 (Estimation of damage scale)

Economics & Finance

시장 규모 추산 (Market size estimation)
매출 추산 (Sales estimation)
기업 가치 추산 (Company valuation)
성장률 추산 (Growth rate estimation)

Public Events

참가 인원 추산 (Estimated participants)
관객 수 추산 (Estimated audience size)
밀집도 추산 (Density estimation)
유동 인구 추산 (Floating population estimation)

Science & History

연대 추산 (Age/Date estimation)
개체 수 추산 (Population count of a species)
거리 추산 (Distance estimation)
에너지 추산 (Energy estimation)

Government Policy

예산 추산 (Budget estimation)
수요 추산 (Demand estimation)
효과 추산 (Effectiveness estimation)
인구 변화 추산 (Population change estimation)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"이번 월드컵 결승전 시청자 수가 얼마나 될 것 같아? 내 추산으로는 전 세계 인구의 절반은 볼 것 같아."

"요즘 집값이 너무 비싼데, 전문가들은 내년에 어떻게 추산하고 있어?"

"경찰 추산 인원과 주최측 추산 인원이 왜 항상 다른지 알아?"

"우리나라의 1인당 커피 소비량을 추산해 보면 정말 놀라울 거야."

"이 오래된 도자기의 가치를 추산할 수 있는 전문가를 알고 있니?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 하루 동안 내가 쓴 돈을 대략적으로 추산해 보고, 가장 큰 지출이 무엇이었는지 적어 보세요.

나의 10년 후 연봉을 보수적으로 추산해 보고, 그 돈으로 무엇을 하고 싶은지 계획을 세워 보세요.

우리 동네에 나무가 몇 그루나 있을지 추산해 보세요. 어떤 근거로 그렇게 생각했나요?

한국어를 배우는 데 필요한 시간을 추산해 보고, 현재까지의 진행 상황을 평가해 보세요.

미래에 인공지능이 대체할 일자리의 비율을 추산해 보고, 그에 대한 나의 생각을 적어 보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, while it is very common for financial amounts (피해액, 매출), it is also used for the number of people (인원), time (기간), distance (거리), and scientific measurements (나이, 무게). Essentially, any quantity that cannot be counted exactly can be '추산'ed.

It's a bit too formal for casual talk. If you say '오늘 파티에 올 사람을 추산해 봤어' to a friend, you'll sound like you're giving a business report. It's better to use '어림잡아' or '대충 세어 봐'.

'추산하다' is active (someone estimates), and '추산되다' is passive (it is estimated). In news reports, the passive '추산되다' is much more common because it sounds more objective and formal.

Yes, they share the same '산' (算) which means calculation. The '추' (推) in '추산' adds the meaning of 'inferring' or 'pushing' from what you know to what you don't know.

You say '보수적인 추산' (bosujeogin chusan). This is a common phrase in business and economics to describe an estimate that doesn't exaggerate the numbers.

Usually, we use '예보' (forecast) or '예상' (expectation) for weather. You wouldn't say the temperature is '추산'ed, but you might '추산' the amount of rainfall after a storm has passed.

The suffix '-치' means 'value' or 'figure'. So '추산치' is the actual number that resulted from the estimation process. For example, '추산치가 100만 명이다' (The estimated figure is 1 million people).

They use different methodologies. The police usually count the number of people in a fixed area at one specific time (Fermi method), while organizers count everyone who attended the event from start to finish.

Yes, archaeologists often '추산' the age of artifacts or the period when a civilization existed based on carbon dating or other evidence.

Yes, '추산하다' (active) and '추산되다' (passive). You can also use '추산해 보다' which means 'to try estimating'.

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