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B1 noun #1,800 よく出る 11分で読める

der Zustand

上位1,800

練習する例文メモとヒント der Zustand 30秒で

解説 der Zustand in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'der Zustand' is a word you might not use every day, but you will encounter it when describing things. It simply means how something looks or if it is working. For example, if you see a toy or a bike, you can say it is in a 'guten Zustand' (good condition) or 'schlechten Zustand' (bad condition). It is a masculine word, so we say 'der Zustand'. When we use it with 'in', we say 'in einem ... Zustand'. This is a good way to start describing your world. You might hear it when people talk about their health in a very simple way, like 'Mein Zustand ist okay'. It helps you give more detail than just saying 'gut' or 'schlecht'. Learning this word early helps you understand that German uses nouns to describe situations that English might use adjectives for. Focus on the phrase 'in gutem Zustand' as a fixed block of language. This will make it easier to remember and use correctly without worrying too much about the grammar rules behind it yet. Just think of it as a label for the quality of an object.

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At the A2 level, you start to use 'der Zustand' more frequently to describe physical objects and basic health. You will learn that it is a masculine noun and that its plural is 'die Zustände'. You might use it when talking about a second-hand purchase, like a used book or a phone. 'Das Handy ist in einem sehr guten Zustand' is a typical sentence you would use or read in an online ad. You also begin to see it in medical contexts, such as describing how someone feels after being sick. 'Sein Zustand verbessert sich' (His condition is improving). At this level, it's important to distinguish 'Zustand' from 'Situation'. 'Zustand' is about the thing itself, while 'Situation' is about what is happening around it. You should also practice the dative case after 'in', as in 'in einem kritischen Zustand'. This level is about expanding your descriptive vocabulary, and 'Zustand' is a key building block for that. You might also encounter it in simple compound words like 'Gesundheitszustand'.

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At the B1 level, 'der Zustand' becomes a versatile tool for describing not just physical objects, but also social and psychological states. You will use it to talk about the 'Zustand der Umwelt' (state of the environment) or the 'Zustand der Gesellschaft' (state of society). You are expected to use more varied adjectives with it, such as 'stabil', 'instabil', 'besorgniserregend' (worrying), or 'hervorragend' (excellent). You will also learn common phrases like 'den Zustand beibehalten' (to maintain the state) or 'etwas in den Originalzustand versetzen' (to restore something to its original state). This level requires you to understand the word in more abstract contexts, like 'ein Zustand der Ungewissheit' (a state of uncertainty). You should also be aware of the plural 'Zustände' being used to describe chaotic or unacceptable conditions. For example, 'Die Zustände im Lager waren katastrophal'. At B1, you are moving beyond simple descriptions and starting to express opinions and more complex observations using this word.

At the B2 level, you will encounter 'der Zustand' in professional, technical, and academic texts. You should be comfortable with compound nouns like 'Aggregatzustand' (state of matter) in science or 'Ist-Zustand' and 'Soll-Zustand' in business and project management. You will understand the nuance between 'Zustand' and 'Verfassung', using 'Verfassung' for a person's overall physical/mental readiness and 'Zustand' for their specific medical condition. You will also see it used in legal and formal documents to describe the 'Lieferzustand' (condition upon delivery) or the 'Erhaltungszustand' (state of preservation) of a historical monument. Your ability to use the word in the genitive case, like 'aufgrund des schlechten Zustands der Straßen', is expected. You will also recognize the word in idiomatic expressions and more sophisticated literature. At this level, 'Zustand' is no longer just a descriptive word; it is a precise term used to analyze and categorize information in various specialized fields.

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At the C1 level, you will use 'der Zustand' with high precision and stylistic variety. You will explore its philosophical implications, such as the 'Naturzustand' (state of nature) in political philosophy or 'Bewusstseinszustände' (states of consciousness) in psychology. You will be able to discuss complex social issues using the plural 'Zustände' to critique systemic problems. Your vocabulary will include sophisticated collocations like 'einen Zustand zementieren' (to cement a state) or 'einen Zustand herbeiführen' (to bring about a state). You will also be sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when to use it versus more specific terms like 'Konjunktur' for the economy or 'Befinden' for personal health. In writing, you will use 'Zustand' to create detailed atmospheres or to provide rigorous analysis in essays. You will understand the subtle differences between 'Zustand' and 'Status', using the latter for official rankings and the former for the actual, lived reality of a situation. This level is about mastering the abstract and analytical potential of the word.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'der Zustand' and all its nuances. You can use it in highly specialized scientific contexts, such as quantum mechanics ('Quantenzustand') or advanced thermodynamics. You are familiar with its use in classical literature and high-level journalism, where it might be used metaphorically or to evoke specific historical contexts. You can effortlessly navigate the most complex grammatical structures involving the word, including nested genitives and sophisticated prepositional phrases. You understand the historical development of the word and its relationship to other Germanic roots. You can use 'Zustand' to engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of being and change. Your use of the word is not only accurate but also rhetorically effective, allowing you to describe states of affairs with exactly the right tone, whether it be clinical, critical, or poetic. At this level, 'Zustand' is a tool for expressing the highest levels of thought and observation in the German language.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

der Zustand 30秒で

Zustand means 'state' or 'condition' and is a masculine noun (der).
It describes the quality of objects, health, or abstract situations.
Commonly used in the phrase 'in einem ... Zustand' with the dative case.
The plural 'Zustände' often refers to chaotic or unacceptable conditions.

The German noun der Zustand is a fundamental term used to describe the 'condition' or 'state' of something or someone at a specific point in time. In its most basic sense, it refers to the quality or status of an object, a person's health, or a situational context. Unlike words that imply movement or change, 'Zustand' represents a snapshot—a static moment in the life of an entity. For instance, when evaluating a second-hand car, one might say it is in a 'guten Zustand' (good condition). This implies that, at this very moment, the engine, the bodywork, and the interior are all functioning well and looking good. The word is derived from the verb 'stehen' (to stand), combined with the prefix 'zu-', suggesting a 'standing toward' or a fixed position. This etymological root helps learners understand that a 'Zustand' is how something 'stands' right now.

Physical State: Refers to the material integrity of objects, such as buildings, machines, or clothing. Example: 'Der Zustand des Hauses ist baufällig' (The state of the house is dilapidated).

Das alte Buch ist in einem hervorragenden Zustand.

Beyond the physical, it is extensively used in medical and psychological contexts. A doctor might discuss a patient's 'Gesundheitszustand' (state of health). Here, it encompasses all vital signs and symptoms. Psychologically, one might be in a 'Zustand der Verwirrung' (state of confusion) or a 'Zustand der Glückseligkeit' (state of bliss). It captures the internal landscape of a human being. In physics and chemistry, 'Zustand' refers to the phases of matter: 'gasförmiger Zustand' (gaseous state), 'flüssiger Zustand' (liquid state), and 'fester Zustand' (solid state). This demonstrates the word's versatility across different registers, from everyday conversation to specialized scientific discourse.

Abstract State: Used for social, political, or economic situations. Example: 'Der Zustand der Wirtschaft ist besorgniserregend' (The state of the economy is worrying).

Nach dem Unfall war er in einem kritischen Zustand.

Furthermore, the word can carry a slightly negative connotation in colloquial speech when used without an adjective. If someone says 'Das sind ja Zustände hier!' (What a state things are in here!), they are usually complaining about chaos, lack of organization, or poor conditions. It implies that the current situation is unacceptable or messy.

Colloquial Usage: Often used in the plural 'Zustände' to express shock or disapproval at a chaotic situation.

In diesem Büro herrschen unhaltbare Zustände.

Understanding 'Zustand' requires recognizing that it is almost always descriptive. It tells us 'how' something is, rather than 'what' it is doing. It is a noun of being, not of becoming. When you learn this word, you gain the ability to describe the world around you with precision, whether you are talking about a broken window, a happy friend, or the global climate.

Wasser wechselt bei 100 Grad seinen Zustand.

Der Zustand der Straßen hat sich verschlechtert.

Using der Zustand correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender, pluralization, and the common prepositions it pairs with. As a masculine noun, it follows the standard declension patterns for 'der' words. In the nominative, it is 'der Zustand'; in the accusative, 'den Zustand'; in the dative, 'dem Zustand'; and in the genitive, 'des Zustandes' or 'des Zustands'. The plural form is 'die Zustände', which requires an umlaut on the 'a'. This change is typical for many masculine German nouns.

Prepositional Phrases: The most common way to use the word is with 'in' + dative. 'In einem guten Zustand' (In a good condition). Note that 'in' here describes a location in a state, hence the dative case.

Die Wohnung ist in einem renovierungsbedürftigen Zustand.

Adjectives play a crucial role in specifying the type of condition. Common adjectives include 'gut' (good), 'schlecht' (bad), 'kritisch' (critical), 'stabil' (stable), 'erbärmlich' (miserable), and 'original' (original). For example, collectors of vintage items often look for things in 'Originalzustand'. In formal writing, 'Zustand' is frequently part of compound nouns. This is a hallmark of German efficiency. Words like 'Aggregatzustand' (state of matter), 'Lieferzustand' (condition upon delivery), and 'Ist-Zustand' (current state) are ubiquitous in technical and business environments. The 'Ist-Zustand' is often contrasted with the 'Soll-Zustand' (target state) in project management and quality control.

Compound Nouns: German loves to combine words. 'Zustand' acts as the base (the second part) in words like 'Geisteszustand' (state of mind) or 'Ausnahmezustand' (state of emergency).

Die Regierung rief den Ausnahmezustand aus.

When using the plural 'Zustände', the meaning often shifts toward 'circumstances' or 'conditions' in a broader, often critical sense. 'Die Zustände in den Gefängnissen wurden kritisiert' (The conditions in the prisons were criticized). In this context, it refers to the environment and the way things are handled.

Das sind ja unhaltbare Zustände!

Another important usage is the verb 'versetzen', which means 'to put into a state'. 'Jemanden in Angst versetzen' (To put someone into a state of fear). Here, 'Zustand' is implied. You can also say 'etwas in den ursprünglichen Zustand versetzen' (to restore something to its original state).

Verbal Phrases: Common verbs used with Zustand include 'verbessern' (improve), 'verschlechtern' (worsen), 'beibehalten' (maintain), and 'analysieren' (analyze).

Wir müssen den aktuellen Zustand genau analysieren.

Der Zustand der Lieferung entsprach nicht der Beschreibung.

You will encounter der Zustand in a vast array of contexts, ranging from the highly technical to the deeply emotional. In daily life, it is most common when discussing the quality of objects. If you are shopping at a 'Flohmarkt' (flea market) or browsing 'eBay Kleinanzeigen', the 'Zustand' of the items is the primary concern. Sellers will describe things as 'wie neu' (like new), 'gebraucht' (used), or 'defekt' (defective), all of which are descriptions of the 'Zustand'.

Real Estate & Rentals: When renting an apartment, the 'Übergabeprotokoll' (handover protocol) documents the 'Zustand' of the rooms to ensure the deposit is handled fairly later.

Das Haus ist in einem sehr gepflegten Zustand.

In the medical field, 'Zustand' is a standard term. On news reports, you might hear about a prominent figure being in a 'kritischen Zustand' after an accident. In a hospital, nurses and doctors use it to summarize a patient's stability. 'Zustand nach...' (state after...) is a common medical shorthand to describe a patient's history, such as 'Zustand nach Operation' (post-operative state). The word also appears frequently in psychological and philosophical discussions. A 'Bewusstseinszustand' (state of consciousness) is a term used to describe levels of awareness, from sleep to deep meditation. Philosophers might discuss the 'Naturzustand' (state of nature), a concept regarding human life before organized society.

Scientific Contexts: In physics, 'Aggregatzustand' describes whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas. This is taught early in German schools.

Wissenschaftler untersuchen den Zustand der Ozonschicht.

In the workplace, 'Zustand' is used in reporting and maintenance. A technician might report on the 'Zustand der Maschinen' (condition of the machines). In IT, a 'Zustandsdiagramm' (state diagram) is a common way to model the behavior of systems.

Der Zustand der Software ist noch nicht stabil.

Finally, you will hear it in emotional outbursts. If someone is frustrated with a messy kitchen or a chaotic bureaucracy, they might exclaim, 'Das ist ja ein unmöglicher Zustand!' (This is an impossible state of affairs!). This usage is very common in German culture, where order and 'Ordnung' are highly valued, and a lack thereof is described as a poor 'Zustand'.

Cultural Nuance: Germans often use 'Zustand' to express a need for improvement or a deviation from the norm.

Wir können diesen Zustand nicht länger akzeptieren.

Ein Zustand tiefer Trauer überkam ihn.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with der Zustand is confusing it with similar-sounding or related words like 'Stand', 'Umstand', or 'Situation'. While they all relate to how things are, they have distinct nuances. 'Stand' usually refers to a level, a position, or a score (e.g., 'Kontostand' - bank balance, or 'Spielstand' - score). 'Zustand', however, refers to the quality or condition. You wouldn't say 'der Zustand meines Kontos' unless you were talking about the physical paper it's printed on; you mean 'Kontostand'.

Zustand vs. Stand: Use 'Zustand' for quality/health. Use 'Stand' for levels/positions/scores.

Der Zustand der Brücke ist gefährlich, aber der Wasserstand ist niedrig.

Another common error is the confusion with 'Umstand' (circumstance). 'Umstände' are the external factors that influence a situation, while 'Zustand' is the internal state of the thing itself. For example, 'unter diesen Umständen' (under these circumstances) is a common phrase, but you wouldn't say 'unter diesen Zuständen' unless you were referring to specific, pre-existing conditions. Grammatically, learners often forget the 'n' in the accusative when using adjectives. Since 'Zustand' is masculine, it's 'einen guten Zustand'. Forgetting the 'n' is a classic A2/B1 error. Also, the plural 'Zustände' is often used where the singular would be more appropriate. Use the plural when you mean 'conditions' (plural) or when you are making a general complaint about a chaotic environment.

Grammar Pitfall: Remember the 'n' in the accusative: 'Ich wünsche mir einen besseren Zustand'.

Er beschrieb den Zustand (not Stand) der Maschine.

In medical contexts, learners sometimes use 'Kondition' instead of 'Zustand'. In German, 'Kondition' almost exclusively refers to physical fitness or stamina (like a runner's endurance). If you want to talk about a patient's medical state, 'Zustand' is the correct word. 'Der Patient hat eine gute Kondition' means he is fit; 'Der Patient ist in einem guten Zustand' means his medical health is currently good.

Sein gesundheitlicher Zustand ist stabil.

Finally, watch out for the preposition. Learners often try to use 'auf' or 'bei', but 'in' is the standard preposition for 'Zustand'. 'In einem Zustand sein' is the fixed expression you should memorize.

Preposition Error: Wrong: 'auf gutem Zustand'. Right: 'in gutem Zustand'.

Das Auto wurde in fahrbereitem Zustand verkauft.

Der Zustand des Staates ist Thema der Debatte.

To master der Zustand, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. The most common synonym is 'die Verfassung'. While 'Zustand' is very broad, 'Verfassung' is often used for the physical or mental state of a person, or the constitution of a country. If you say 'Ich bin in einer guten Verfassung', it sounds a bit more formal and focused on your overall well-being or readiness.

Zustand vs. Verfassung: 'Zustand' is for objects and health; 'Verfassung' is for mental/physical readiness or political constitutions.

Sein körperlicher Zustand ist gut, aber seine psychische Verfassung ist labil.

Another related word is 'die Lage'. 'Lage' usually refers to a situation or a geographical position. While 'Zustand' describes the 'how', 'Lage' often describes the 'where' or the 'context'. For example, 'die finanzielle Lage' (the financial situation) refers to the context of one's finances, whereas 'der Zustand der Finanzen' might refer more specifically to the health of the accounts. 'Die Situation' is a more general term for a set of circumstances. It is often interchangeable with 'Lage' but less so with 'Zustand'. You would say 'eine schwierige Situation', but if you are talking about the physical decay of a building, you must use 'Zustand'.

Zustand vs. Situation: 'Zustand' is internal/inherent quality; 'Situation' is external/contextual.

Die Situation ist ernst, da der Zustand der Brücke schlecht ist.

In technical fields, 'die Beschaffenheit' is a close relative. It refers to the nature, texture, or composition of a material. While 'Zustand' might change (a wet road vs. a dry road), 'Beschaffenheit' is often more permanent (the rough surface of the road).

Zustand vs. Beschaffenheit: 'Zustand' is temporary/current; 'Beschaffenheit' is inherent/structural.

Wir prüfen die Beschaffenheit des Materials und seinen aktuellen Zustand.

Finally, 'die Kondition' should be used carefully. As mentioned, it's about fitness. 'Der Zustand' is about health. A professional athlete might be in a bad 'Zustand' because they have the flu, even though they usually have excellent 'Kondition'.

Wir wollen den ursprünglichen Zustand wiederherstellen.

Ein Zustand der Ruhe ist wichtig für die Heilung.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Dative after 'in' for location/state

Adjective endings for masculine nouns

Plural formation with umlaut

Genitive case for possession

Compound noun formation

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レベル別の例文

Das Fahrrad ist in einem guten Zustand.

The bike is in a good condition.

Uses 'in' + dative masculine 'einem'.

Ist das Auto in einem schlechten Zustand?

Is the car in a bad condition?

Question form with 'ist'.

Mein Buch ist in einem neuen Zustand.

My book is in a new condition.

Adjective 'neu' describes the state.

Der Zustand ist okay.

The condition is okay.

Nominative subject.

Die Blumen sind in einem welken Zustand.

The flowers are in a withered state.

Plural subject, singular state.

Das Haus hat einen alten Zustand.

The house has an old condition.

Accusative 'einen ... Zustand'.

In welchem Zustand ist das Zimmer?

In what condition is the room?

Interrogative 'welchem' (dative).

Alles ist in gutem Zustand.

Everything is in good condition.

Dative without article.

Der Patient ist in einem stabilen Zustand.

The patient is in a stable condition.

Medical context.

Ich habe das Handy in gebrauchtem Zustand gekauft.

I bought the phone in used condition.

Participle 'gebraucht' as adjective.

Der Zustand der Straßen ist nicht gut.

The condition of the roads is not good.

Genitive 'der Straßen'.

Wir müssen den Zustand verbessern.

We must improve the condition.

Verb 'verbessern' + accusative.

Das Gebäude ist in einem baufälligen Zustand.

The building is in a dilapidated state.

Advanced adjective 'baufällig'.

Sein Gesundheitszustand ist jetzt besser.

His state of health is better now.

Compound noun.

Die Möbel sind in einem originalen Zustand.

The furniture is in an original condition.

Focus on authenticity.

Was für ein Zustand!

What a state!

Exclamatory phrase.

Der Zustand der Umwelt bereitet uns Sorgen.

The state of the environment worries us.

Abstract subject.

Die Maschine befindet sich in einem einwandfreien Zustand.

The machine is in perfect condition.

Reflexive verb 'befinden'.

In diesem Land herrschen schlimme Zustände.

Terrible conditions prevail in this country.

Plural 'Zustände' with 'herrschen'.

Wir müssen den Ist-Zustand genau dokumentieren.

We must document the current state exactly.

Technical term 'Ist-Zustand'.

Nach dem Schock war sie in einem Zustand der Trance.

After the shock, she was in a state of trance.

Psychological state.

Der Zustand des Hauses hat sich verschlechtert.

The condition of the house has worsened.

Perfect tense with 'hat'.

Er konnte seinen Zustand nicht beschreiben.

He couldn't describe his condition.

Modal verb 'konnte'.

Die Wohnung wird im renovierten Zustand übergeben.

The apartment will be handed over in a renovated state.

Passive voice 'wird übergeben'.

Der Aggregatzustand von Wasser ändert sich bei Hitze.

The state of matter of water changes with heat.

Scientific compound noun.

Die Regierung rief den Ausnahmezustand aus.

The government declared a state of emergency.

Political term 'Ausnahmezustand'.

Der psychische Zustand des Täters wird untersucht.

The perpetrator's mental state is being investigated.

Legal/Psychological context.

Trotz des Alters ist die Brücke in einem passablen Zustand.

Despite its age, the bridge is in a passable condition.

Preposition 'trotz' + genitive.

Wir streben einen stabilen Zustand der Wirtschaft an.

We are aiming for a stable state of the economy.

Verb 'anstreben'.

Die Daten spiegeln den aktuellen Zustand wider.

The data reflects the current state.

Separable verb 'widerspiegeln'.

Ein Zustand der Schwerelosigkeit herrscht im All.

A state of weightlessness prevails in space.

Scientific context.

Die Zustände in der Pflegebranche sind oft Thema.

The conditions in the care industry are often a topic.

Plural 'Zustände' as social critique.

Der Naturzustand nach Hobbes ist ein Krieg aller gegen alle.

The state of nature according to Hobbes is a war of all against all.

Philosophical term.

Die Meditation führt in einen Zustand tiefer Entspannung.

Meditation leads into a state of deep relaxation.

Accusative 'in einen Zustand' (direction).

Es ist ein unhaltbarer Zustand, dass Kinder hungern müssen.

It is an untenable state of affairs that children have to go hungry.

Adjective 'unhaltbar'.

Der Erhaltungszustand des Gemäldes ist bemerkenswert.

The state of preservation of the painting is remarkable.

Art history term.

Man muss den Geisteszustand des Autors berücksichtigen.

One must take the author's state of mind into account.

Literary analysis.

Die Krise hat einen Zustand der Paralyse ausgelöst.

The crisis triggered a state of paralysis.

Metaphorical use.

Der ursprüngliche Zustand wurde mühsam wiederhergestellt.

The original state was painstakingly restored.

Adverb 'mühsam'.

Diese Zustände spotten jeder Beschreibung.

These conditions defy description.

Idiomatic expression.

Die Quantenmechanik beschreibt den Zustand von Teilchen.

Quantum mechanics describes the state of particles.

High-level science.

Der prekäre Zustand der Finanzen erforderte drastische Maßnahmen.

The precarious state of the finances required drastic measures.

Sophisticated adjective 'prekär'.

In seinem Werk thematisiert er den Zustand der conditio humana.

In his work, he addresses the state of the human condition.

Academic register.

Die Entropie ist ein Maß für den Zustand der Unordnung.

Entropy is a measure of the state of disorder.

Scientific definition.

Es herrschte ein Zustand vollkommener Anomie.

A state of complete anomie prevailed.

Sociological term 'Anomie'.

Der Zustand der Ekstase ist in vielen Kulturen rituell verankert.

The state of ecstasy is ritually anchored in many cultures.

Anthropological context.

Die Architektur reflektiert den Zustand der damaligen Gesellschaft.

The architecture reflects the state of society at that time.

Historical analysis.

Ein permanenter Zustand der Vigilanz ist erschöpfend.

A permanent state of vigilance is exhausting.

Medical/Psychological term 'Vigilanz'.

よく使う組み合わせ

guter Zustand

schlechter Zustand

kritischer Zustand

stabiler Zustand

originaler Zustand

körperlicher Zustand

geistiger Zustand

aktueller Zustand

technischer Zustand

gepflegter Zustand

よく使うフレーズ

in gutem Zustand

in schlechtem Zustand

Zustand nach

den Zustand verbessern

den Zustand verschlechtern

ein unhaltbarer Zustand

Zustände bekommen

im ursprünglichen Zustand

den Ist-Zustand analysieren

den Soll-Zustand definieren

よく混同される語

der Zustand vs Stand (level/score)

der Zustand vs Umstand (circumstance)

der Zustand vs Staat (political state)

慣用句と表現

"Das sind ja Zustände!"

"Zustände kriegen"

"in den letzten Zügen liegen"

"außer Rand und Band sein"

"den Status quo bewahren"

"hopfen und malz verloren"

"auf dem Damm sein"

"unter aller Sau sein"

"ein Häufchen Elend sein"

"aus dem Häuschen sein"

間違えやすい

der Zustand vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Zustand is static; Prozess is dynamic.

plural

Zustände often implies chaos.

よくある間違い

Using 'Zustand' for personal mood sounds like you are a machine or a medical patient.
Use 'Stand' for levels, not 'Zustand'.
Usually, an article is needed unless it's a very brief note or headline.
Don't use the plural unless you mean multiple conditions or are complaining about chaos.
'Staat' is a country; 'Zustand' is a condition.

ヒント

Dative Case

Always remember that 'in' takes the dative when describing a state. It's 'in einem guten Zustand', never 'in ein guter Zustand'.

Compound Nouns

German uses 'Zustand' at the end of many words. Learn 'Gesundheitszustand' and 'Aggregatzustand' to sound more advanced.

Native Flair

Use the plural 'Zustände' when you see something messy. It makes you sound very authentic and culturally aware.

News Keywords

In news reports about accidents, listen for 'kritischer Zustand'. It's a standard phrase you'll hear often.

Precision

Instead of just 'gut', use 'hervorragend' (excellent) or 'tadellos' (flawless) with Zustand to improve your writing score.

Real Estate

If you're looking for an apartment in Germany, 'Zustand' is the most important word in the ad. Look for 'renoviert' or 'gepflegt'.

States of Matter

Learn the three 'Aggregatzustände': fest (solid), flüssig (liquid), and gasförmig (gaseous).

Mental States

Use 'Zustand' for abstract things like 'Zustand der Verwirrung' (state of confusion).

Contracts

In contracts, 'Zustand' defines what you are responsible for. Read the 'Zustand' section carefully before signing.

The 'Stand' Root

Link 'Zustand' to 'stehen' (to stand). It's how something stands at the moment.

暗記しよう

語源

Middle High German 'zuostant'

文化的な背景

Germans use 'Ist-Zustand' and 'Soll-Zustand' to be very precise in business.

Using the plural 'Zustände' is a common way to vent frustration.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"In welchem Zustand ist das alte Haus?"

"Wie ist der Zustand deiner Gesundheit heute?"

"Was hältst du vom Zustand unserer Straßen?"

"Ist das Handy noch in gutem Zustand?"

"Wie können wir den Zustand der Umwelt verbessern?"

日記のテーマ

Beschreibe den Zustand deines Zimmers.

Wie fühlst du dich heute? Beschreibe deinen inneren Zustand.

Was ist der ideale Zustand für eine Gesellschaft?

Reflektiere über den Zustand eines alten Gegenstandes, den du besitzt.

Welche Zustände in der Welt machen dir Sorgen?

よくある質問

10 問

Zustand refers to the quality or health of something (e.g., a car's condition). Stand refers to a level, position, or score (e.g., water level or bank balance). You use Zustand for how something 'is' and Stand for 'where' it is on a scale.

Yes, but usually for their health or a specific mental state. 'Sein Zustand ist stabil' (His condition is stable). To say someone is in a good mood, use 'gute Laune' instead.

Yes, 'der Zustand' is always masculine. This means you must use masculine articles and adjective endings, like 'einem guten Zustand' in the dative.

This is a common idiomatic expression used to complain about a chaotic, messy, or unacceptable situation. It's like saying 'What a mess!' or 'This is ridiculous!'

The plural is 'die Zustände'. Note the umlaut on the 'a' and the 'e' at the end. This is a common pattern for masculine nouns.

You use 'in' + dative when describing the state something is currently in. 'Das Haus ist in einem schlechten Zustand.' Use 'in' + accusative when something is moving into a state: 'Sie fiel in einen Zustand der Angst.'

It translates to 'state of emergency'. It is used when a government suspends normal laws due to a crisis like a natural disaster or civil unrest.

No, that is 'der Staat'. While both translate to 'state' in English, 'Zustand' is condition and 'Staat' is the political entity.

Only partially. 'Kondition' in German usually means physical fitness or stamina. 'Zustand' is a broader term for health or general condition.

It's a business and technical term meaning 'current state' or 'as-is state', often used when comparing the current situation to a goal (Soll-Zustand).

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