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B1 verb #10,000 よく出る 12分で読める

externar

上位10,000

練習する例文メモとヒント externar 30秒で

解説 externar in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'externar' is considered very advanced and is not typically taught. Beginners focus on basic verbs like 'decir' (to say) or 'estar' (to be). However, if you encounter it, think of it as a very formal way to say 'to express' or 'to leave a hospital'. At this stage, you should prioritize learning 'dar de alta', which is the more common way to talk about leaving a hospital. You might see 'externar' on a sign in a hospital in Mexico, but you don't need to use it in your own speech yet. Just remember that it sounds like 'external', which helps you understand that something is moving from the inside to the outside.

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For A2 learners, 'externar' remains a high-level vocabulary word. You are now learning more about health and medical situations, so you might come across this word in reading materials about doctors and clinics. While you would still use 'dar de alta' in most cases, knowing 'externar' helps you understand formal medical reports. In terms of expressing feelings, you are likely using 'expresar' or 'contar'. Think of 'externar' as a 'bonus' word that you can recognize in formal Mexican Spanish. It follows the regular -ar conjugation, so if you see 'él externa', you can identify it as a present tense action.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to handle a wider range of formal and professional contexts. This is the stage where 'externar' becomes useful. You might need to understand it in a news broadcast or a formal work email. If you are studying Spanish for medical purposes, 'externar' is an essential term for discussing hospital discharge protocols, especially in a Mexican context. You should also start using it to vary your vocabulary when writing formal letters or essays. Instead of always using 'decir' or 'expresar', using 'externar' shows that you have a more sophisticated grasp of the language and its registers.

B2 learners should be comfortable using 'externar' in both its medical and communicative senses. You should understand the nuance that makes 'externar' different from 'dar de alta'—specifically its more administrative and formal tone. In professional settings, you can use 'externar' to voice opinions or concerns during meetings, which will make you sound more like a native professional. You should also be able to recognize the noun 'externación' and understand its role in clinical documentation. At this level, you should be aware that this word is particularly common in Mexico and use it appropriately depending on who you are speaking with.

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As a C1 learner, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'externar'. You can distinguish between 'externar' (to discharge/express) and 'externalizar' (to outsource/externalize symptoms), avoiding a common trap for non-native speakers. You use 'externar' naturally in high-level academic or professional writing to describe the manifestation of internal psychological states or the formal declaration of institutional stances. You are also aware of regional variations and know that while 'externar' is standard in Mexico, you might choose 'dar de alta' or 'manifestar' when speaking in Spain or the Southern Cone to ensure perfect stylistic alignment with your audience.

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At the C2 level, 'externar' is part of your precise and expansive vocabulary. You use it effortlessly in complex clinical, legal, or administrative discussions. You understand the historical and etymological roots that connect its various meanings and can use it to convey subtle shades of formality and authority. Whether you are drafting a medical policy, participating in a high-stakes diplomatic negotiation, or analyzing psychological literature, 'externar' is a tool you use with precision. You can also appreciate its use in literature to describe the outward movement of a character's internal struggle, showing a deep cultural and linguistic integration.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

externar 30秒で

Externar means to discharge a patient from a hospital, especially in Mexican Spanish.
It is also a formal way to say 'to express' or 'to voice' an opinion or feeling.
The word is high-register and common in medical, professional, and academic contexts.
It follows regular -ar verb conjugation patterns and is primarily used transitively.

The Spanish verb externar is a specialized term that primarily functions within two distinct semantic spheres: the medical/administrative context and the communicative/expressive context. When focusing on its medical application, particularly in regions like Mexico and parts of Central America, it refers to the formal process of discharging a patient from a healthcare facility, such as a hospital or a psychiatric clinic. This specific usage implies a transition from inpatient status to outpatient status, where the individual is no longer required to reside within the institution for treatment. Unlike the more common phrase dar de alta, which focuses on the clinical recovery and the doctor's permission to leave, externar often carries a more administrative or formal weight, emphasizing the physical exit and the change in the patient's jurisdictional status within the facility.

Clinical Setting: In a hospital environment, a social worker or an administrative officer might use this term when discussing the logistics of a patient's release. It encompasses the paperwork, the notification of family members, and the actual departure of the patient from the ward.

El hospital decidió externar al paciente tras notar una mejoría significativa en su estado de salud general.

Beyond the medical walls, externar is frequently used to mean 'to voice' or 'to express' thoughts, feelings, or opinions. This usage is common across many Spanish-speaking countries and serves as a more formal alternative to expresar or decir. When you externar a concern, you are bringing something from your internal mental state to the external world through speech or writing. This duality of meaning—moving a person out of a building versus moving a thought out of the mind—shares the root concept of 'outward movement' (from the Latin externus).

Expressive Usage: Used in business meetings or diplomatic contexts to indicate the formal presentation of a stance or a worry. For example, 'externar una preocupación' means to formally state a concern to a group or authority.

Es fundamental que todos los empleados puedan externar sus dudas durante la sesión de capacitación sin temor a represalias.

Understanding the nuances of externar requires recognizing the context of the conversation. If you are in a medical facility, look for clues like insurance papers, wheelchairs, or discharge summaries. In a professional or personal setting, look for nouns like opinión, sentimiento, or queja. The verb is regular in its conjugation, following the standard -ar pattern, making it relatively easy to incorporate into your speech once you grasp its specific situational applications.

Regional Nuance: In Spain, you are much more likely to hear 'dar el alta' for medical discharge, whereas 'externar' might sound slightly foreign or overly technical. However, in Mexico, 'externar' is standard in both medical and expressive contexts.

La trabajadora social está coordinando los trámites para externar a los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados paliativos.

No debes guardarte tus emociones; es mejor externar lo que sientes con alguien de confianza.

Using externar correctly involves identifying whether you are using it in its transitive sense (acting upon an object) or if you are using it to describe a process. In medical contexts, the verb is transitive: you 'extern' someone. For example, El médico externa al paciente. The patient is the direct object receiving the action of discharge. It is crucial to remember that this verb is formal. You wouldn't typically use it when chatting with a friend about leaving the hospital; instead, you'd say me dieron de alta. However, in a medical report or a formal notification from a clinic, externar provides a professional tone that is highly valued in clinical documentation.

Transitive Medical Use: Structure: [Subject/Doctor/Hospital] + [externar] + [Direct Object/Patient]. Example: 'La clínica externa a los pacientes que ya no requieren vigilancia nocturna.'

Después de tres semanas en observación, el equipo de psiquiatría decidió externar a Juan para que continúe su terapia en casa.

When using externar to mean 'to express', the direct object is usually an abstract noun such as an opinion, a feeling, or a point of view. It often follows the pattern: [Subject] + [externar] + [Noun Phrase]. This is particularly common in professional settings, debates, or academic writing. It suggests a deliberate and formal act of sharing information. For instance, in a corporate email, one might write: Quisiera externar mi agradecimiento (I would like to express my gratitude). This sounds more sophisticated than simply saying Quiero decir gracias.

Expressive Pattern: Structure: [Subject] + [externar] + [Abstract Noun (opinión, queja, duda)]. Example: 'El embajador externó su preocupación por los recientes eventos climáticos.'

Varios ciudadanos acudieron al ayuntamiento para externar su descontento con el nuevo plan de urbanismo.

In the passive voice, which is common in formal reports, the patient becomes the subject. You might see sentences like: El paciente fue externado el lunes (The patient was discharged on Monday). This construction emphasizes the event of discharge rather than the person performing it. Additionally, the noun form externación is used to refer to the act of discharging itself, often found in hospital policy documents or medical statistics.

Passive Voice & Nouns: Using the passive 'ser + participio' or the reflexive 'se' to describe hospital protocols. Example: 'Se procederá a externar a los heridos leves una vez que se estabilicen.'

La externación de los pacientes de larga estancia requiere un plan de apoyo familiar sólido.

Si el paciente muestra mejoría mañana, el médico lo externará a primera hora de la tarde.

If you find yourself in a Mexican hospital or a medical office in Latin America, externar is a word that will frequently appear on official documents and in professional conversations between healthcare providers. Nurses might use it when updating a patient's chart, or administrative staff might mention it when discussing bed availability. It is a 'high-register' word, meaning it is more common in professional, academic, or formal settings than in everyday slang. In a medical context, it sounds clinical and precise, which is why it is preferred in written reports over the more colloquial dar de alta.

Hospital Corridors: Used by medical staff to coordinate the logistics of patient turnover. Example: 'Necesitamos externar a dos personas de la sala 4 para recibir a los nuevos ingresos.'

El director del hospital anunció que se van a externar a los pacientes estables para liberar espacio por la emergencia.

In the world of politics and corporate communications, externar is a staple for spokespeople and executives. When a company issues a press release about a new policy, they might 'externar' their commitment to sustainability. When a politician addresses a grievance, they 'externar' their solidarity with the affected group. In these scenarios, the word conveys a sense of officiality and seriousness. It suggests that the expression is not just a casual comment, but a considered statement from an organization or a representative.

News & Media: Common in news broadcasts when reporting on official statements. Example: 'El canciller externó su postura oficial ante la asamblea general de las Naciones Unidas.'

Durante la entrevista, el actor aprovechó para externar su agradecimiento a todos los fans que lo apoyaron.

You will also encounter externar in academic literature, specifically in psychology and sociology. In these fields, it refers to the process of externalizing internal states or symptoms. For example, a child might 'externar' their anxiety through behavioral issues. Here, the word takes on a technical meaning related to how internal psychological processes manifest in observable actions. This usage is consistent across the Spanish-speaking world in academic and scientific journals.

Academic Context: Used to describe the manifestation of internal conditions. Example: 'Los pacientes suelen externar su trauma a través de conductas disruptivas en el entorno escolar.'

El estudio analiza cómo los adolescentes logran externar sus conflictos internos mediante el arte y la música.

Es importante que el terapeuta ayude al paciente a externar sus miedos para poder trabajarlos adecuadamente.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with externar is overusing it in casual conversation. Because it is a formal word, using it to tell your friend that you're leaving the hospital can sound unnaturally stiff or even pompous. In a casual setting, dar de alta is almost always the better choice. For example, instead of saying Ayer me externaron, a native speaker would typically say Ayer me dieron de alta. Reserve externar for when you are writing a formal letter, filling out medical paperwork, or speaking in a professional capacity.

Register Mismatch: Mistake: Using 'externar' in a casual chat with family. Correction: Use 'dar de alta' for hospital discharge or 'contar/decir' for expressing feelings in informal settings.

No es común externar a un amigo que tienes hambre; simplemente dices 'tengo hambre'.

Another common confusion involves the difference between externar and externalizar. While they look similar and share the same root, externalizar is most commonly used in business to mean 'to outsource' (e.g., outsourcing IT services to another company) or in psychology to mean 'to externalize' symptoms. Using externalizar to mean discharging a patient from a hospital is incorrect and will likely confuse medical professionals. Always double-check if you are talking about a patient's release (externar) or a business process (externalizar).

The 'Externalizar' Trap: Mistake: 'El hospital va a externalizar a los pacientes.' (This sounds like the hospital is outsourcing the patients to a third party). Correction: 'El hospital va a externar a los pacientes.'

Debemos tener cuidado de no confundir externar (dar de alta) con externalizar (contratación externa).

Finally, some learners forget that externar requires a direct object when used to mean 'to express'. You cannot simply say Él externó ayer; you must specify *what* he expressed or *who* was discharged. For example, Él externó su opinión or El médico externó al paciente. Without the object, the sentence feels incomplete. Also, be aware of regional variations; if you use externar in Spain to mean 'discharge', you might get a puzzled look, as it is much more prevalent in Mexican medical Spanish.

Missing Object: Mistake: 'El doctor ya externó.' Correction: 'El doctor ya externó al paciente' or 'El doctor ya dio la orden de externación.'

Para que la oración sea correcta, siempre debemos externar algo específico, como una queja o un paciente.

En España, es preferible decir 'dar de alta' en lugar de externar para evitar malentendidos.

To truly master externar, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and alternatives. The most direct alternative for medical discharge is dar de alta. While externar focuses on the physical act of leaving the institution, dar de alta is a broader clinical term that signifies the patient is healthy enough to leave or has completed a specific phase of treatment. In most everyday situations, dar de alta is the standard phrase used by both doctors and patients. Another similar term is egresar, which is often used in academic or statistical contexts to refer to someone graduating or leaving a program, including hospital programs.

Externar vs. Dar de Alta: 'Externar' is more administrative and formal, common in Mexico. 'Dar de alta' is universal and clinical. Use 'externar' for formal reports and 'dar de alta' for general conversation.

Aunque el médico le dio de alta, el hospital tardó dos horas más en externar al paciente oficialmente.

When externar is used in the sense of expressing something, its closest synonyms are expresar, manifestar, and declarar. Expresar is the most neutral and common. Manifestar is slightly more formal and often used in legal or official contexts (e.g., manifestar su voluntad). Declarar is very formal and usually implies a public or legal statement. Externar fits into this group as a high-register term that emphasizes the movement of a thought from the internal to the external realm, making it perfect for professional emails or formal speeches.

Externar vs. Manifestar: 'Externar' emphasizes the act of sharing an inner state. 'Manifestar' emphasizes the clarity or visibility of that state. Both are formal and often interchangeable in professional settings.

El comité invitó a los expertos a externar sus opiniones técnicas sobre el proyecto de ley.

In psychiatric or social work contexts, you might also hear the term desinstitucionalizar. This is a much longer and more technical term that refers to the broad policy of moving patients out of large institutions and into community-based care. While externar refers to the individual act of discharging a single patient, desinstitucionalizar refers to the systemic change. Understanding these distinctions will help you navigate professional Spanish environments with confidence and precision.

Technical Alternatives: Use 'egresar' for statistics, 'desinstitucionalizar' for policy, and 'externar' for the specific administrative act of discharge.

Para externar a un paciente de la unidad psiquiátrica, se requiere una evaluación multidisciplinaria completa.

Al externar sus preocupaciones, el sindicato logró abrir un canal de diálogo con la gerencia.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

While 'externar' sounds very modern and administrative, its root 'ex-' (out) is one of the oldest and most productive prefixes in Indo-European languages.

発音ガイド

UK /eks.teɾ.ˈnaɾ/

US /eks.teɾ.ˈnɑːr/

The stress falls on the last syllable: ex-ter-NAR.

韻が合う語

Hablar Caminar Llegar Pensar Cantar Bailar Sanar Llorar

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'x' as just 's' (es-ter-nar), though this is common in some fast speech.
Stress on the second-to-last syllable (ex-TER-nar).
Confusing the pronunciation with 'extrenar' (to premiere/use for the first time).
English speakers often swallow the final 'r'.
Over-emphasizing the 'ks' sound like a loud 'k' and 's'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize because of the 'extern-' root.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal register to use correctly.

スピーキング 5/5

Pronouncing the 'x' and 'r' correctly takes practice.

リスニング 4/5

Can be confused with 'externalizar' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

Expresar Hospital Paciente Opinión Salir

次に学ぶ

Manifestar Egresar Diagnóstico Protocolo Institución

上級

Externalización Desinstitucionalización Peritaje Divergencia Inefable

知っておくべき文法

Personal 'a'

Externar a los pacientes (The 'a' is required before a person).

Regular -ar conjugation

Yo externo, tú externas, él externa...

Direct Object Pronouns

El doctor lo externó (The doctor discharged him).

Subjunctive with doubt/emotion

Dudo que lo externen hoy (I doubt they will discharge him today).

Passive 'Se'

Se externó al paciente sin problemas.

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レベル別の例文

El doctor quiere externar al niño hoy.

The doctor wants to discharge the boy today.

Basic subject-verb-object structure.

Yo quiero externar mi alegría.

I want to express my joy.

Using 'externar' as 'to express' in a simple sentence.

Ellos van a externar al paciente.

They are going to discharge the patient.

Future with 'ir a' + infinitive.

Ella externa su opinión en la clase.

She expresses her opinion in the class.

Present tense third person singular.

No podemos externar al enfermo todavía.

We cannot discharge the sick person yet.

Negative sentence with 'poder' + infinitive.

Es hora de externar tus dudas.

It is time to express your doubts.

Infinitive used after 'es hora de'.

El hospital externa a mucha gente.

The hospital discharges many people.

Subject 'El hospital' is singular.

Tú debes externar lo que sientes.

You must express what you feel.

Modal verb 'deber' + infinitive.

El médico decidió externar a mi abuelo ayer por la tarde.

The doctor decided to discharge my grandfather yesterday afternoon.

Preterite tense of 'decidir'.

Es importante externar nuestras preocupaciones al jefe.

It is important to express our concerns to the boss.

Impersonal expression 'es importante'.

¿Cuándo van a externar a la mujer de la sala tres?

When are they going to discharge the woman from room three?

Question structure with 'cuándo'.

Él siempre externa sus ideas de forma clara.

He always expresses his ideas clearly.

Adverb 'siempre' used with present tense.

Mañana el hospital externará a los pacientes recuperados.

Tomorrow the hospital will discharge the recovered patients.

Future tense 'externará'.

Quisiera externar mi agradecimiento por su ayuda.

I would like to express my gratitude for your help.

Polite conditional 'quisiera'.

Los médicos no pueden externar a nadie sin permiso.

The doctors cannot discharge anyone without permission.

Negative 'poder' with indefinite pronoun 'nadie'.

Ella externó su descontento con el servicio del hotel.

She expressed her dissatisfaction with the hotel service.

Preterite tense 'externó'.

Si el paciente sigue mejorando, lo podremos externar el fin de semana.

If the patient continues to improve, we will be able to discharge him this weekend.

Conditional 'si' clause with future potential.

El representante externó la postura oficial de la empresa ante los medios.

The representative expressed the company's official stance to the media.

Formal register vocabulary 'postura oficial'.

Fue necesario externar a varios internos para evitar el hacinamiento.

It was necessary to discharge several inmates to avoid overcrowding.

Passive construction 'fue necesario'.

Me gustaría externar una pequeña duda sobre el contrato.

I would like to express a small doubt about the contract.

Conditional mood 'gustaría'.

El protocolo indica que debemos externar al paciente en menos de 24 horas.

The protocol indicates that we must discharge the patient in less than 24 hours.

Subordinate clause starting with 'que'.

Ayer el ministro externó su preocupación por la inflación actual.

Yesterday the minister expressed his concern about current inflation.

Time marker 'ayer' with preterite.

No es fácil externar sentimientos tan profundos en público.

It is not easy to express such deep feelings in public.

Infinitive as the subject of the sentence.

La clínica decidió externar a los pacientes que ya no están en crisis.

The clinic decided to discharge the patients who are no longer in crisis.

Relative clause 'que ya no están en crisis'.

La dirección del hospital ha decidido externar a los pacientes estables para optimizar recursos.

The hospital management has decided to discharge stable patients to optimize resources.

Present perfect 'ha decidido'.

Es imperativo que el paciente sea externado bajo supervisión familiar estricta.

It is imperative that the patient be discharged under strict family supervision.

Subjunctive mood 'sea externado' after 'es imperativo que'.

El embajador aprovechó la cumbre para externar el apoyo de su nación al tratado.

The ambassador took advantage of the summit to express his nation's support for the treaty.

Complex sentence with 'aprovechó para'.

Debido a la falta de camas, se procedió a externar a quienes tenían mejor pronóstico.

Due to the lack of beds, they proceeded to discharge those who had the best prognosis.

Impersonal 'se' construction.

Ningún empleado se atrevió a externar su desacuerdo durante la junta general.

No employee dared to express their disagreement during the general meeting.

Negative subject 'ningún' with reflexive 'se atrevió'.

El proceso de externar a un paciente psiquiátrico requiere una evaluación exhaustiva.

The process of discharging a psychiatric patient requires an exhaustive evaluation.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive 'externar'.

Muchos ciudadanos externaron su indignación ante las nuevas medidas fiscales.

Many citizens expressed their indignation at the new fiscal measures.

Preterite tense with plural subject.

Si no externas tus quejas ahora, no podremos solucionar el problema a tiempo.

If you don't express your complaints now, we won't be able to solve the problem in time.

First conditional structure.

La bioética juega un papel crucial al decidir cuándo externar a un paciente en estado terminal.

Bioethics plays a crucial role when deciding when to discharge a terminally ill patient.

Use of 'al' + infinitive to mean 'when/upon'.

El filósofo externó una teoría revolucionaria que desafiaba los paradigmas establecidos.

The philosopher expressed a revolutionary theory that challenged established paradigms.

High-register vocabulary 'paradigmas establecidos'.

Se ha criticado la celeridad con la que el centro médico suele externar a sus internos.

The speed with which the medical center usually discharges its inmates has been criticized.

Passive voice 'se ha criticado'.

Es fundamental que el terapeuta facilite un espacio seguro donde el niño pueda externar su trauma.

It is fundamental that the therapist facilitates a safe space where the child can express their trauma.

Subjunctive mood 'facilite' and 'pueda'.

La empresa emitió un comunicado para externar su pesar por el fallecimiento del fundador.

The company issued a statement to express its sorrow over the passing of the founder.

Formal noun 'pesar' (sorrow).

A pesar de las presiones, el director se negó a externar al paciente sin un plan de cuidados.

Despite the pressures, the director refused to discharge the patient without a care plan.

Concessive phrase 'A pesar de'.

Externar una opinión divergente en ese entorno político era considerado un acto de valentía.

Expressing a divergent opinion in that political environment was considered an act of bravery.

Infinitive subject with past passive 'era considerado'.

La legislación vigente obliga a las instituciones a externar a los menores en situaciones de riesgo.

Current legislation obliges institutions to discharge minors in risk situations.

Direct object 'a los menores' with personal 'a'.

La fenomenología de la percepción permite al sujeto externar vivencias que de otro modo serían inefables.

The phenomenology of perception allows the subject to express experiences that would otherwise be ineffable.

Highly academic terminology 'fenomenología', 'inefables'.

El informe pericial recomienda externar al recluso bajo un régimen de libertad condicional vigilada.

The expert report recommends discharging the inmate under a regime of supervised parole.

Legal/Psychological register.

Resulta paradójico que se pretenda externar al paciente cuando su entorno familiar es el foco del conflicto.

It is paradoxical that they intend to discharge the patient when their family environment is the focus of the conflict.

Subjunctive 'se pretenda' in a complex clause.

El autor utiliza la metáfora del cautiverio para externar la angustia existencial de la posguerra.

The author uses the metaphor of captivity to express the existential anguish of the post-war period.

Literary analysis register.

La gerencia hospitalaria debe ponderar la necesidad de externar pacientes frente al riesgo de reingreso.

Hospital management must weigh the need to discharge patients against the risk of readmission.

Verbs of deliberation 'ponderar'.

Externar una voluntad férrea en momentos de crisis es la marca de un liderazgo excepcional.

Expressing an iron will in moments of crisis is the mark of exceptional leadership.

Abstract noun phrase 'voluntad férrea'.

Se debatió si el derecho a externar una queja anónima prevalece sobre la transparencia institucional.

It was debated whether the right to express an anonymous complaint prevails over institutional transparency.

Indirect question with 'si'.

La sutileza con la que el diplomático externó su desaprobación evitó un incidente internacional.

The subtlety with which the diplomat expressed his disapproval avoided an international incident.

Complex relative structure 'con la que'.

よく使う組み合わせ

Externar una opinión

Externar un sentimiento

Externar una duda

Externar al paciente

Externar una preocupación

Externar agradecimiento

Externar descontento

Externar su postura

Externar una queja

Externar el apoyo

よく使うフレーズ

Externar de forma oficial

— To make a statement through formal, authorized channels.

La empresa aún no ha externado de forma oficial su decisión.

Externar por escrito

— To express an opinion or a discharge order in written form.

Es necesario que externes tu solicitud por escrito.

Dificultad para externar

— Having trouble putting feelings into words or getting discharged.

El paciente presenta dificultad para externar sus emociones.

Externar a la brevedad

— To discharge or express something as soon as possible.

Se espera externar a los heridos a la brevedad.

Externar ante el público

— To express something in front of an audience.

No es fácil externar una postura impopular ante el público.

Externar con claridad

— To express something in a way that is easy to understand.

Debes externar tus metas con claridad.

Externar mediante un comunicado

— To voice something using an official press release.

La presidencia externó su pesar mediante un comunicado.

Externar sin miedo

— To express oneself without fear of consequences.

En esta empresa puedes externar tus ideas sin miedo.

Externar tras la cirugía

— To discharge a patient after a surgical procedure.

Podremos externar al joven tres días tras la cirugía.

Externar una felicitación

— To formally express congratulations.

Quiero externar una felicitación a todo el equipo.

よく混同される語

externar vs Externalizar

Means to outsource business services or to project internal symptoms outward.

externar vs Estrenar

Means to wear or use something for the first time, or to premiere a movie.

externar vs Extender

Means to spread or extend something, not related to expressing or discharging.

慣用句と表現

"Externar el alma"

— To express one's deepest, most sincere feelings or essence.

En su última canción, el artista parece externar el alma.

Poetic/Literary

"Externar hasta el último suspiro"

— To keep expressing one's thoughts or will until the very end.

Externó su voluntad hasta el último suspiro de vida.

Dramatic

"No externar ni pío"

— To not say a single word or express any opinion at all.

Durante la reunión, él no externó ni pío.

Colloquial (Mexico)

"Externar a los cuatro vientos"

— To express something loudly and to everyone.

Externó su alegría a los cuatro vientos.

Informal

"Externar con el corazón en la mano"

— To express something with absolute honesty and vulnerability.

Te voy a externar mi verdad con el corazón en la mano.

Emotional

"Externar por los poros"

— To express a feeling so strongly that it seems to come out of one's skin.

Externaba su nerviosismo por todos los poros.

Metaphorical

"Externar de dientes para afuera"

— To express something without really meaning it; insincerely.

Sus disculpas fueron externadas de dientes para afuera.

Common Idiom

"Externar la gota que colmó el vaso"

— To express the final grievance that made a situation unbearable.

Finalmente externó la queja que fue la gota que colmó el vaso.

Common Idiom

"Externar a sangre fría"

— To express something (often harsh) without emotion or hesitation.

Externó su decisión de despedirlos a sangre fría.

Intense

"Externar en bandeja de plata"

— To express or present an idea very clearly and easily for others.

Te externé la solución en bandeja de plata.

Informal

間違えやすい

externar vs Externalizar

Similar spelling and root.

Externar is for hospital discharge or expressing thoughts. Externalizar is for business outsourcing or psychological projection.

La empresa va a externalizar la limpieza (outsourcing). El hospital va a externar al paciente (discharge).

externar vs Exteriorizar

Both involve 'making external'.

Exteriorizar is more about physical or behavioral signs of an emotion. Externar is more about verbalizing it.

Él exterioriza su rabia gritando. Él externó su rabia con un discurso.

externar vs Estrenar

Phonetic similarity.

Estrenar is about new things. Externar is about leaving or voicing.

Voy a estrenar mis zapatos. Voy a externar mi opinión.

externar vs Exterminar

Phonetic similarity.

Exterminar means to destroy completely. Externar is to release or express.

Exterminar las plagas. Externar al paciente.

externar vs Extraer

Both mean 'taking out'.

Extraer is for physical objects like teeth or oil. Externar is for people or thoughts.

Extraer una muela. Externar un sentimiento.

文型パターン

Quiero externar [sustantivo].

Quiero externar mi duda.

El médico decidió externar a [persona].

El médico decidió externar a María.

Espero que me externen [tiempo].

Espero que me externen pronto.

Resulta fundamental externar [concepto abstracto].

Resulta fundamental externar la disconformidad.

La imposibilidad de externar [sentimiento] conlleva...

La imposibilidad de externar el duelo conlleva riesgos.

[Sujeto] externó su [opinión/queja].

El cliente externó su queja.

Se procedió a externar a...

Se procedió a externar a los heridos.

Al externar [verbo en infinitivo]...

Al externar su voluntad, el paciente sonrió.

語族

名詞

Externación (The act of discharging a patient)

Exterior (The outside)

Externalidad (Externality)

動詞

Exteriorizar (To externalize)

Externalizar (To outsource)

形容詞

Externo (External)

Externado (A school where students don't live in)

使い方

frequency

Common in Mexico/Central America; rare in Spain.

よくある間違い

Usar 'externalizar' para un paciente. → Usar 'externar' para un paciente.
Externalizar is for business outsourcing. Externar is for hospital discharge.
Ayer me externaron del hospital (casual). → Ayer me dieron de alta del hospital.
Externar is too formal for a casual conversation with friends or family.
Él externó ayer sobre el problema. → Él externó su opinión sobre el problema.
Externar is transitive and requires a direct object (what was expressed).
El doctor externó el paciente. → El doctor externó al paciente.
When the direct object is a person, you must use the 'personal a'.
Voy a externar mis zapatos nuevos. → Voy a estrenar mis zapatos nuevos.
Estrenar means to use for the first time. Externar means to express or discharge.

ヒント

Professional Writing

Use 'externar' when writing to a boss or a client to show a high level of vocabulary. It sounds more considered than 'decir'.

Medical Settings

If you are in a Mexican hospital, look for the 'Área de Externación'. This is where patients go when they are being discharged.

Avoid Confusion

Remember: Externar (Discharge/Express) vs. Externalizar (Outsource). This is the most common mistake for advanced learners.

The 'X' Sound

In some Spanish dialects, the 'x' is softened to an 's'. However, for 'externar', try to keep the 'ks' sound clear to be understood easily.

Direct Object

Always include what you are expressing. You cannot just 'externar'; you must 'externar una opinión' or 'externar a un paciente'.

Know Your Audience

If you are in Spain, use 'dar de alta'. If you are in Mexico, 'externar' is perfectly fine and very common in formal settings.

Vary Your Verbs

In an essay, use 'externar', 'manifestar', and 'expresar' to avoid repetition. This improves the flow and quality of your writing.

News Reports

Listen for this word during Mexican news broadcasts. It is almost always used when quoting a public official's statement.

The Exit Door

Visualize an EXIT door. EXternar is like taking someone or something to the EXIT.

Polite Disagreement

Using 'Me gustaría externar mi desacuerdo' is a very polite and professional way to disagree in a meeting.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of an 'EXTERNAL' exit. When you 'EXTERN-ar', you move a patient to the EXTERNAL world or move a thought to the EXTERNAL world.

視覚的連想

Imagine a hospital door opening and a patient walking out into the bright sunshine. That physical exit is 'externar'.

Word Web

Hospital Exit Voice Opinion Discharge Patient Formal Outside

チャレンジ

Try to use 'externar' in a sentence today instead of 'expresar' when talking about a serious opinion.

語源

Derived from the Latin 'externare', which comes from 'externus' (outside/outward).

元の意味： To move something to the outside or to make something external.

Romance (Latin root).

文化的な背景

In mental health contexts, 'externar' is a sensitive topic as it relates to the reintegration of patients into society.

The English equivalent 'to discharge' is also formal but used more commonly than 'externar' is in some Spanish dialects.

Mexican medical journals frequently use the term 'externación' in studies of psychiatric patient reintegration. Official press releases from the Mexican Presidency often use 'externar' to convey formal stances. Legal documents in Latin America use 'externar' for the release of individuals from state custody.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Hospital Administration

Orden de externación
Externar al paciente
Criterios para externar
Trámite de externar

Business Meetings

Externar una propuesta
Externar desacuerdo
Externar dudas
Externar agradecimiento

Psychology

Externar el conflicto
Externar traumas
Externar emociones
Dificultad para externar

Political News

Externar la postura
Externar preocupación
Externar apoyo
Externar indignación

Customer Service

Externar una queja
Externar sugerencias
Externar satisfacción
Externar comentarios

会話のきっかけ

"¿Cuándo crees que el médico decida externar a tu tío?"

"Me gustaría externar mi punto de vista sobre este proyecto."

"¿Alguien más quiere externar sus dudas antes de terminar?"

"Es difícil externar lo que uno siente en momentos así, ¿no crees?"

"¿Por qué el hospital tardó tanto en externar a los pacientes?"

日記のテーマ

Escribe sobre una situación en la que te costó externar tu opinión real.

Imagina que eres un médico; describe el proceso para externar a un paciente difícil.

¿Qué sentimientos te gustaría externar a una persona que no has visto en mucho tiempo?

Reflexiona sobre la importancia de externar las quejas en un ambiente laboral.

Describe un día en un hospital desde la perspectiva de alguien que espera ser externado.

よくある質問

10 問

It is very rare in Spain. Spaniards prefer 'dar de alta' for hospital discharge and 'expresar' or 'manifestar' for voicing opinions. You will mostly find 'externar' in Mexico and parts of Latin America.

No, 'externar' is used for people (discharge) or abstract concepts like thoughts and feelings (express). You cannot 'externar' a package from a warehouse; you would use 'sacar' or 'despachar'.

'Dar de alta' is the clinical term meaning the treatment is over. 'Externar' is the administrative term for the physical act of the patient leaving the institution. In casual speech, always use 'dar de alta'.

Yes, it follows the standard -ar conjugation: externo, externas, externa, externamos, externáis, externan. This makes it easy to use once you know the root.

That is 'externalizar', which is often confused with 'externar'. Example: 'Vamos a externalizar el departamento de sistemas'.

It is rarely used as 'externarse'. Usually, it is transitive (someone discharges someone else). However, in some technical psychiatric contexts, it might appear, but it's best to stick to the transitive use.

The noun is 'externación'. You might see this on hospital forms or in medical reports, such as 'la externación del paciente fue exitosa'.

It is definitely formal. Using it with friends might make you sound like a textbook or a lawyer. Stick to 'decir' or 'contar' for informal situations.

No, 'externar' has nothing to do with exclusion. To exclude is 'excluir'. 'Externar' is about moving something from inside to outside.

Yes! It is a great word for formal emails, such as 'Quisiera externar mi agradecimiento por la oportunidad'. It sounds very professional.

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