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A1 noun #1,000 よく出る 11分で読める

hoja

上位1,000

練習する例文メモとヒント hoja 30秒で

解説 hoja in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'hoja' is one of the first nouns you learn because it describes common objects in your environment. You will use it primarily in two ways: to talk about nature and to talk about school or office supplies. In nature, a 'hoja' is a leaf on a tree. You might learn it when describing colors, like 'La hoja es verde' (The leaf is green). In a classroom, 'hoja' refers to a sheet of paper. Your teacher might say 'Toma una hoja' (Take a sheet). It is a feminine noun, so you always use 'la' or 'una'. It is a very simple word to pronounce because the 'h' is silent. You just say 'o-ha'. Learning this word helps you ask for basic things you need in a class or describe what you see in a park. It is a building block for more complex sentences later on. You should practice using it with simple adjectives like 'grande' (big), 'pequeña' (small), or 'blanca' (white). For example, 'Necesito una hoja blanca' (I need a white sheet of paper). This level focuses on the most literal and common meanings.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'hoja' in more varied contexts and with more descriptive language. You might talk about the seasons, specifically autumn, using sentences like 'En otoño, las hojas de los árboles cambian de color' (In autumn, the leaves of the trees change color). You also start to see 'hoja' in compound phrases. For instance, 'hoja de papel' (sheet of paper) becomes a standard phrase in your vocabulary. You might also encounter 'hoja de vida' if you are learning about jobs, which means a resume or CV. At this level, you should be comfortable using 'hoja' in the plural ('hojas') and with different articles and possessives ('mis hojas', 'estas hojas'). You will also start to distinguish 'hoja' from 'página'. You know that a 'hoja' is the physical object, while a 'página' is the side of the paper or a number in a book. This distinction is important for following instructions in a Spanish-speaking classroom or workplace. You might also learn 'hoja de afeitar' (razor blade) as part of daily routine vocabulary.

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At the B1 level, 'hoja' appears in more technical and idiomatic expressions. You will learn 'hoja de cálculo' (spreadsheet), which is essential for professional Spanish. You might also encounter 'hoja de ruta', which literally means a roadmap but is often used metaphorically to describe a plan or strategy for a project. Your understanding of 'hoja' as a 'blade' expands to include kitchen tools and hardware, such as 'la hoja del cuchillo' (the knife blade) or 'la hoja de la sierra' (the saw blade). You are also expected to use 'hoja' in more complex grammatical structures, such as relative clauses: 'La hoja que encontré en el bosque era muy rara' (The leaf that I found in the forest was very rare). Idiomatically, you might start using 'pasar hoja' to mean moving on from a situation. This level requires you to understand 'hoja' not just as a physical object, but as a concept used in administration and planning. You will also see it in culinary contexts, like 'hoja de laurel' (bay leaf) or 'hoja de menta' (mint leaf).

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At the B2 level, you use 'hoja' with greater precision and in more formal contexts. You will encounter 'hoja de reclamaciones' (complaint form), which is a specific legal requirement for businesses in Spain. Understanding how to use this term is part of being a sophisticated consumer in a Spanish-speaking country. You will also see 'hoja' used in more abstract ways in literature and news reports. For example, a journalist might write about a 'hoja de servicios' (service record) of a public official. In technical or architectural contexts, you might hear about a 'ventana de doble hoja' (double-sashed window). Your vocabulary will also include synonyms like 'folio' or 'lámina' and you will know exactly when to use 'hoja' instead of them. You should be able to discuss environmental issues using 'hoja', such as the effect of pollution on the 'hojas' of plants. Your ability to use 'hoja' in idiomatic expressions will become more natural, and you will understand the subtle differences between 'hoja', 'página', and 'folio' in various Spanish-speaking regions.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'hoja' reflects a deep understanding of Spanish nuances and literary traditions. You will encounter 'hoja' in advanced literature, where it might be used as a metaphor for the fragility of life or the passing of time. You will be familiar with the word 'hojarasca' (fallen leaves/dead leaves) and its literary associations, such as Gabriel García Márquez's 'La Hojarasca'. You can use 'hoja' in highly technical discussions, such as the metallurgy of a 'hoja de espada' (sword blade) or the botanical classification of different 'hojas'. You are also aware of regional variations in the use of 'hoja' versus 'folio' or 'hoja de vida' versus 'currículum'. In professional settings, you can lead discussions about a 'hoja de ruta' for a multi-national company. Your command of the word allows you to use it in puns, wordplay, and complex metaphors. You understand the historical etymology of the word from the Latin 'folia' and how it relates to other words in the 'word family' like 'follaje' (foliage) or 'deshojar' (to pluck leaves).

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'hoja' to the point of near-native or native proficiency. You can use the word in any context, from the most casual slang to the most formal academic or legal discourse. You understand the most obscure uses of 'hoja', such as its use in historical bookbinding or ancient weapon manufacturing. You can appreciate and analyze the use of 'hoja' in the poetry of Pablo Neruda or Federico García Lorca. In a professional environment, you can draft a 'hoja de términos' (term sheet) for a complex financial merger. You are aware of the subtle socio-linguistic implications of using 'hoja de reclamaciones' in different Spanish-speaking cultures. Your use of 'hoja' is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct use of all associated idioms, prepositions, and collocations. You can effortlessly switch between the botanical, stationery, and mechanical meanings of the word without any hesitation. You also understand how 'hoja' has evolved in the digital age, appearing in software interfaces and digital documentation.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

hoja 30秒で

A feminine noun meaning leaf, sheet of paper, or blade.
Essential for A1 learners in school and nature contexts.
Used in common phrases like 'hoja de vida' (resume) and 'hoja de cálculo' (spreadsheet).
Distinguished from 'página' (page) and 'folio' (standard paper size).

The Spanish word hoja is a fundamental noun that every beginner learner encounters early in their journey. At its core, it refers to a thin, flat object, most commonly a leaf from a plant or a sheet of paper. However, its utility extends far beyond these two primary definitions. In the botanical sense, hoja describes the organ of a plant that is typically green and responsible for photosynthesis. Whether you are talking about the massive fronds of a palm tree or the tiny needles of a pine, the word remains the same. In the context of stationery and office supplies, it refers to a single piece of paper. It is important to distinguish this from a 'libro' (book) or a 'cuaderno' (notebook); the hoja is the individual unit.

Botanical Usage: When autumn arrives, we say 'las hojas caen de los árboles' (the leaves fall from the trees). It is used for all types of vegetation.
Stationery Usage: In a classroom, a teacher might say, 'Saquen una hoja de papel' (Take out a sheet of paper) for a surprise quiz.

Beyond these, the word is used for the blade of a cutting tool, such as a knife, a sword, or a razor. This is because blades are traditionally thin and flat, mimicking the shape of a leaf. In modern technical Spanish, you might also hear it in the context of a 'hoja de cálculo' (spreadsheet), which is the digital equivalent of a ledger sheet.

El viento sopló una hoja seca hacia mi ventana durante la tormenta de anoche.

Understanding the versatility of this word allows you to navigate diverse environments, from a forest hike to a professional business meeting. It is a feminine noun, so it always takes the feminine articles 'la' or 'una'. In literature, the word often carries symbolic weight, representing change, fragility, or a new beginning, as in the phrase 'pasar hoja' (to turn the page/leaf), which means to move on from a past situation.

Necesito una hoja en blanco para empezar a escribir mi nueva novela desde cero.

In culinary contexts, you might find 'hoja de laurel' (bay leaf) or 'hoja de menta' (mint leaf) listed in recipes. The word is ubiquitous and essential for daily communication.

Culinary Usage: Add a 'hoja de laurel' to the soup to enhance the flavor during the simmering process.

La hoja del cuchillo de cocina debe estar muy afilada para cortar los tomates correctamente.

He enviado mi hoja de vida a diez empresas diferentes esta mañana.

Administrative Usage: The 'hoja de reclamaciones' is a legal document in Spain that customers use to file formal complaints against a business.

El otoño tiñe cada hoja del bosque con tonos de rojo, naranja y amarillo intenso.

Using hoja correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical gender and how it interacts with adjectives and verbs. As a feminine noun, it is preceded by 'la', 'una', 'esta', or 'esa'. Adjectives must also agree in gender, such as 'hoja seca' (dry leaf) or 'hoja blanca' (white sheet). When talking about quantity, we use 'pocas hojas' or 'muchas hojas'.

Basic Syntax: Article + Noun + Adjective: 'La hoja verde'. Verb + Noun: 'Escribir en una hoja'.

In sentences involving paper, you will often use the preposition 'de' to specify the material: 'una hoja de papel'. This is the most common way to refer to a single sheet. If you are in a professional setting, you might use 'hoja de cálculo' for a spreadsheet. For example, 'Estoy trabajando en la hoja de cálculo de las ventas'.

Por favor, firma en la parte inferior de la hoja para confirmar que has leído el contrato.

When discussing nature, 'hoja' is frequently the subject of verbs like 'caer' (to fall), 'crecer' (to grow), or 'cambiar' (to change). 'Las hojas caen en otoño' is a classic sentence for beginners. You can also use it to describe the physical attributes of a plant: 'Esta planta tiene hojas muy grandes y brillantes'.

El carpintero cambió la hoja de la sierra porque ya no cortaba la madera con facilidad.

In more complex sentences, 'hoja' can be part of idiomatic expressions. 'Pasar hoja' is used metaphorically to mean starting over. 'Después de la ruptura, ella decidió pasar hoja y mudarse a otra ciudad'. Here, 'hoja' represents a chapter of life.

Compound Phrases: 'Hoja de ruta' (roadmap/itinerary), 'Hoja de servicios' (service record), 'Hoja de reclamaciones' (complaint form).

El gobierno presentó una hoja de ruta para la transición energética durante la próxima década.

¿Tienes una hoja de papel que me prestes? Olvidé mi cuaderno en casa hoy.

Descriptive Sentences: 'Las hojas del roble son lobuladas'. 'La hoja de este cuchillo es de acero inoxidable'.

Cada hoja del libro estaba amarillenta por el paso del tiempo y el polvo acumulado.

El niño dibujó un sol radiante en una hoja de su bloc de dibujo.

You will hear hoja in a vast array of real-life situations. In a school or university setting, it is constant. Teachers ask students to hand in their 'hojas de examen' (exam papers). Students ask each other for a 'hoja de papel' when they run out. In an office, 'hoja' is part of technical jargon. You will hear about 'hojas de cálculo' (spreadsheets) in every accounting or data analysis department. If you are shopping for tools or kitchenware, you might ask about the 'hoja' of a knife to know if it is forged or stamped.

At the Office: 'Pásame la hoja de cálculo con los presupuestos del trimestre'. 'La impresora se quedó sin hojas'.
In Nature: 'Mira qué bonita es esa hoja de arce'. 'Hay que recoger las hojas secas del jardín'.

In a restaurant or a store in Spain, if you have a bad experience, you might ask: '¿Me puede dar una hoja de reclamaciones?' This is a powerful phrase that signals you are serious about a formal complaint. In a medical context, a 'hoja clínica' or 'hoja de enfermería' refers to the charts used to track a patient's progress.

El recepcionista me entregó una hoja para que completara mis datos personales antes de la cita.

In the world of DIY and construction, 'hoja' is used for the moving parts of windows and doors. A 'ventana de dos hojas' is a double-paned or double-sashed window. This is a more advanced usage but very common in architectural descriptions.

La puerta de la entrada principal es de doble hoja y está hecha de madera maciza de roble.

In the Kitchen: 'Necesito una hoja de papel de horno para que las galletas no se peguen a la bandeja'.

El herbolario me recomendó una infusión de hoja de olivo para bajar la tensión arterial.

El viento arrastró una hoja de periódico vieja por toda la calle vacía.

In Literature: Poets often use 'hoja' to describe the fleeting nature of life, comparing humans to leaves in the wind.

Escribe tu nombre en la primera hoja del examen para que pueda identificarte fácilmente.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with hoja is confusing it with 'página' (page). While they are related, they are not always interchangeable. A 'hoja' is the physical piece of paper, which has two 'páginas' (sides). If you are referring to page number 45 in a book, you must say 'página 45', not 'hoja 45'. However, if you are asking for a blank sheet to write on, you should ask for a 'hoja'.

Hoja vs. Página: 'Hoja' = the physical object (sheet). 'Página' = one side of that sheet or a numbered location in a book.

Another common error is gender agreement. Because 'hoja' starts with 'h', some learners mistakenly think it might be masculine or follow the 'el agua' rule. It does not. It is always 'la hoja'. Saying 'el hoja' is a clear marker of a beginner mistake.

Mucha gente confunde 'la hoja' con 'el folio', pero 'folio' se refiere específicamente al tamaño de papel estándar.

In the context of blades, learners often forget the preposition 'de'. You shouldn't just say 'hoja cuchillo'; it must be 'la hoja del cuchillo'. Similarly, for a spreadsheet, it is 'hoja de cálculo', not just 'hoja cálculo'.

Preposition Usage: Always use 'de' to link 'hoja' to its specific type: 'hoja de papel', 'hoja de afeitar', 'hoja de parra'.

Confusion also arises with the word 'folio'. In Spain, 'folio' is a very common synonym for a sheet of paper (specifically A4 or legal size). In Latin America, 'hoja' is more universal. If you are in Madrid and ask for a 'hoja', they will understand, but they might call it a 'folio'.

No arranques una hoja del cuaderno, es mejor usar una que ya esté suelta.

La hoja de reclamaciones es obligatoria en todos los establecimientos comerciales de España.

Spelling Note: The 'h' is silent. It is pronounced 'o-ha'. Beginners sometimes try to pronounce the 'h' like an English 'h', which is incorrect.

He perdido la hoja donde había anotado tu número de teléfono y tu dirección.

¿Podrías pasar la hoja? Ya he terminado de leer este lado del documento.

To truly master Spanish, you should know the synonyms and related terms for hoja. Depending on the context, other words might be more precise. For paper, 'folio' is the most common alternative in Spain. For a page in a book, use 'página'. For a thin layer of something (like metal or wood), 'lámina' is often used.

Hoja vs. Folio: 'Hoja' is generic for any sheet. 'Folio' is specifically a standard size sheet of paper used in offices.
Hoja vs. Lámina: 'Hoja' is organic or for paper/blades. 'Lámina' is for thin sheets of industrial materials like metal, plastic, or glass.

In botany, while 'hoja' is the general term, you might use 'fronda' for a fern leaf or 'aguja' for a pine needle. If you are talking about the petals of a flower, use 'pétalo'. For the blade of a sword, 'filo' refers specifically to the sharp edge, while 'hoja' refers to the whole metal part.

El artista utilizó una fina lámina de oro para decorar el marco del cuadro antiguo.

Caminar sobre la hojarasca en el bosque produce un sonido crujiente muy relajante.

Hoja vs. Cuchilla: 'Hoja' is the whole blade. 'Cuchilla' is often used for small, disposable blades like those in a box cutter or a razor.

La hoja de la espada brillaba bajo la luz de la luna llena en el campo de batalla.

El profesor repartió una hoja informativa con todos los detalles del viaje escolar.

Hoja vs. Pliego: 'Pliego' is a large sheet of paper, often folded, used in legal documents or printing.

La hoja de parra es un ingrediente esencial en la cocina tradicional de muchos países mediterráneos.

Asegúrate de que la hoja de la afeitadora esté limpia antes de usarla para evitar irritaciones.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'hojaldre' (puff pastry) comes from 'hoja' because the pastry is made of many thin 'leaves' or layers of dough.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈoʊ.hæ/

US /ˈoʊ.hɑː/

The stress is on the first syllable: HO-ja.

韻が合う語

roja moja coja floja aloja despoja enoja antojo (near rhyme)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'h' at the beginning.
Pronouncing the 'j' like an English 'j' (as in 'jump'). It should be like a raspy 'h'.
Stressing the second syllable.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text as it is a short, common word.

ライティング 2/5

Easy, but remember the silent 'h' and the 'j' spelling.

スピーキング 2/5

Requires practice with the silent 'h' and the Spanish 'j' sound.

リスニング 2/5

The silent 'h' can make it sound like 'o-ha', which might be missed if spoken quickly.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

el árbol el papel verde blanco tener

次に学ぶ

página folio cuchillo otoño escribir

上級

hojarasca hojaldre deshojar filotaxis lámina

知っておくべき文法

Gender of Nouns ending in -a

La hoja, la mesa, la casa (usually feminine).

Silent H in Spanish

Hoja, hola, huevo (the H is never pronounced).

Spanish J sound

Hoja, rojo, jardín (pronounced like a breathy H).

Adjective Agreement

La hoja blanca / Las hojas blancas.

Preposition 'de' for Composition

Hoja de papel, hoja de metal.

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レベル別の例文

La hoja es verde.

The leaf is green.

Basic Noun + Adjective agreement (feminine).

Dame una hoja de papel.

Give me a sheet of paper.

Use of 'una' (indefinite article) and 'de' (preposition).

El árbol no tiene hojas.

The tree has no leaves.

Plural form 'hojas'.

Escribo en la hoja.

I write on the sheet.

Preposition 'en' indicating location.

¿Tienes una hoja?

Do you have a sheet?

Simple question structure.

La hoja es pequeña.

The leaf is small.

Adjective agreement.

Hay una hoja en el suelo.

There is a leaf on the ground.

Use of 'hay' (there is).

Me gusta esta hoja.

I like this leaf.

Demonstrative adjective 'esta'.

Las hojas caen en otoño.

The leaves fall in autumn.

Present tense with plural subject.

Necesito una hoja de papel blanca.

I need a white sheet of paper.

Adjective 'blanca' modifying 'hoja'.

Él está leyendo la primera hoja.

He is reading the first sheet.

Ordinal adjective 'primera'.

¿Dónde está mi hoja de vida?

Where is my resume?

Compound noun 'hoja de vida'.

Las hojas de las plantas son grandes.

The leaves of the plants are big.

Possessive structure with 'de'.

Ella dibuja una hoja roja.

She draws a red leaf.

Verb 'dibujar' + noun + adjective.

No encuentro la hoja de instrucciones.

I can't find the instruction sheet.

Compound noun 'hoja de instrucciones'.

El viento mueve las hojas.

The wind moves the leaves.

Direct object 'las hojas'.

He guardado los datos en una hoja de cálculo.

I have saved the data in a spreadsheet.

Compound noun 'hoja de cálculo'.

La hoja del cuchillo está muy afilada.

The knife blade is very sharp.

'Hoja' meaning 'blade'.

Añade una hoja de laurel a la salsa.

Add a bay leaf to the sauce.

Culinary usage.

Tenemos que seguir la hoja de ruta.

We have to follow the roadmap.

Metaphorical usage of 'hoja de ruta'.

La impresora no tiene más hojas de papel.

The printer has no more sheets of paper.

Plural 'hojas' in a technical context.

Esa planta tiene hojas medicinales.

That plant has medicinal leaves.

Adjective 'medicinales' modifying 'hojas'.

Pasamos la hoja y empezamos de nuevo.

We turn the page and start again.

Idiomatic expression 'pasar la hoja'.

La hoja de la puerta es de madera.

The door leaf is made of wood.

Architectural usage.

Pedí la hoja de reclamaciones en la tienda.

I asked for the complaint form in the store.

Specific legal term in Spain.

El otoño cubre el suelo con una alfombra de hojas.

Autumn covers the ground with a carpet of leaves.

Literary metaphor.

La hoja de servicios del capitán es impecable.

The captain's service record is impeccable.

Formal administrative term.

Es una ventana de doble hoja con cristales aislantes.

It is a double-sashed window with insulating glass.

Technical architectural term.

La hoja de afeitar debe cambiarse con frecuencia.

The razor blade should be changed frequently.

'Hoja de afeitar' as a compound noun.

El documento tiene una hoja de términos adjunta.

The document has an attached term sheet.

Business/Legal context.

Las hojas de té se deben dejar reposar cinco minutos.

The tea leaves should be left to steep for five minutes.

Culinary/Botanical context.

El artista grabó su nombre en la hoja de la espada.

The artist engraved his name on the blade of the sword.

'Hoja' as a blade.

La hojarasca crujía bajo nuestros pies mientras caminábamos.

The fallen leaves crunched under our feet as we walked.

Use of 'hojarasca' (collective noun for leaves).

El proyecto carece de una hoja de ruta clara para el futuro.

The project lacks a clear roadmap for the future.

Abstract usage in business.

La morfología de la hoja permite identificar la especie.

The morphology of the leaf allows the species to be identified.

Scientific/Academic context.

Es necesario deshojar la margarita para saber la verdad.

It is necessary to pluck the petals of the daisy to know the truth.

Verb 'deshojar' derived from 'hoja'.

La hoja de cálculo reveló un error en las previsiones.

The spreadsheet revealed an error in the forecasts.

Professional/Technical context.

El libro era tan antiguo que las hojas se deshacían al tocarlas.

The book was so old that the pages crumbled when touched.

Descriptive literary context.

La hoja de reclamaciones es un derecho fundamental del consumidor.

The complaint form is a fundamental right of the consumer.

Legal/Social context.

La hoja de la guadaña segaba el trigo con precisión.

The scythe blade reaped the wheat with precision.

Traditional tool context.

La dialéctica del autor se despliega en cada hoja del ensayo.

The author's dialectic unfolds in every page of the essay.

Highly abstract literary usage.

La hoja de ruta diplomática se vio truncada por el conflicto.

The diplomatic roadmap was cut short by the conflict.

Political/Formal context.

El acero de la hoja fue templado en las fraguas de Toledo.

The steel of the blade was tempered in the forges of Toledo.

Historical/Technical context.

La planta presenta una filotaxis de hoja alterna muy marcada.

The plant presents a very marked alternate leaf phyllotaxis.

Specialized botanical terminology.

Cada hoja de su diario es un testimonio de la época.

Every page of her diary is a testimony of the era.

Historical/Personal context.

La hoja de términos financieros estipula las condiciones del crédito.

The financial term sheet stipulates the credit conditions.

High-level finance context.

El viento de la historia barre las hojas secas del pasado.

The wind of history sweeps away the dry leaves of the past.

Philosophical metaphor.

La hoja de la persiana se rompió debido al fuerte granizo.

The blind slat broke due to the heavy hail.

Technical domestic context.

よく使う組み合わせ

hoja de papel

hoja de cálculo

hoja de vida

hoja de ruta

hoja de reclamaciones

hoja de afeitar

hoja de laurel

hoja de sierra

hoja en blanco

hoja perenne

よく使うフレーズ

hoja de servicios

— A record of someone's work history, especially in the military or civil service.

Su hoja de servicios es impecable.

hoja de instrucciones

— A document explaining how to do or assemble something.

Lee la hoja de instrucciones antes de empezar.

hoja de pedido

— A form used to order goods or services.

Rellena la hoja de pedido con tus datos.

hoja de asistencia

— A list used to record who is present at a meeting or class.

Firma la hoja de asistencia al entrar.

hoja informativa

— A sheet providing information about a specific topic.

Repartieron una hoja informativa sobre el evento.

hoja de parra

— A grape leaf, often used in cooking or as a metaphor for modesty.

Cocinamos arroz envuelto en hojas de parra.

hoja de ruta

— A strategic plan or a set of steps to achieve a goal.

La hoja de ruta para la paz es complicada.

hoja de ruta (travel)

— A travel itinerary or map showing the path to be taken.

Perdimos la hoja de ruta en el bosque.

hoja de examen

— The specific paper used for writing answers during a test.

No escribas nada hasta que te den la hoja de examen.

hoja de reclamaciones

— The official form used to lodge a complaint in a Spanish business.

Si no me devuelven el dinero, pediré la hoja de reclamaciones.

よく混同される語

hoja vs página

A page is one side of a sheet. 'Hoja' is the physical sheet.

hoja vs folio

'Folio' is specifically an A4/Legal sheet, mostly used in Spain.

hoja vs pétalo

A petal is a flower's 'leaf', but it has its own name.

慣用句と表現

"pasar hoja"

— To move on from a past event or start a new chapter in life.

Después del divorcio, decidió pasar hoja.

informal

"ser una hoja al viento"

— To be a person without strong convictions or direction, easily influenced.

No tiene personalidad, es una hoja al viento.

neutral

"temblar como una hoja"

— To shake or tremble significantly due to fear or cold.

Tenía tanto miedo que temblaba como una hoja.

neutral

"no moverse una hoja"

— To be completely still, usually referring to the lack of wind.

Hace mucho calor y no se mueve ni una hoja.

neutral

"en blanco como una hoja"

— To be completely empty or without ideas (similar to 'blank slate').

Me quedé en blanco como una hoja de papel.

informal

"caer como hojas"

— To fall in large numbers, often referring to people getting sick or dying.

Durante la epidemia, la gente caía como hojas.

literary

"hoja de parra"

— Metaphorically, something used to hide a shameful or embarrassing fact.

Sus excusas son solo una hoja de parra.

literary

"hacer hoja nueva"

— A variation of 'hacer borrón y cuenta nueva', meaning to start fresh.

Vamos a hacer hoja nueva y olvidar lo ocurrido.

neutral

"verde como una hoja"

— Used to describe something very green or someone very inexperienced.

El becario está todavía verde como una hoja.

informal

"hoja de ruta"

— Used in politics to describe a sequence of planned events.

La hoja de ruta hacia la independencia.

formal

間違えやすい

hoja vs ojo

Sounds similar to 'hoja' for beginners.

'Ojo' means eye. 'Hoja' means leaf/sheet.

Tengo algo en el ojo vs. Escribo en la hoja.

hoja vs hija

Sounds similar and starts with 'h'.

'Hija' means daughter. 'Hoja' means leaf/sheet.

Mi hija es pequeña vs. La hoja es pequeña.

hoja vs joya

Contains the 'j' sound and ends in 'a'.

'Joya' means jewel. 'Hoja' means leaf/sheet.

Esta joya es cara vs. Esta hoja es verde.

hoja vs olla

Similar vowel sounds.

'Olla' means pot (cooking). 'Hoja' means leaf/sheet.

La olla está en el fuego vs. La hoja está en el suelo.

hoja vs hojear

A verb derived from 'hoja'.

'Hojear' means to leaf through. 'Ojear' (no h) means to glance at.

Voy a hojear el libro.

文型パターン

La hoja es [color].

La hoja es verde.

Tengo una hoja de [material].

Tengo una hoja de papel.

Las hojas de [plant] son [adjective].

Las hojas de la rosa son pequeñas.

Necesito la hoja de [purpose].

Necesito la hoja de instrucciones.

He [verb] en la hoja de cálculo.

He trabajado en la hoja de cálculo.

Es una [object] de [number] hojas.

Es una ventana de dos hojas.

A pesar de la [noun], la hoja no se movió.

A pesar de la tormenta, la hoja no se movió.

La hoja de ruta estipula que [clause].

La hoja de ruta estipula que debemos reducir emisiones.

語族

名詞

hojarasca (fallen leaves)

hojaldre (puff pastry)

hojuela (flake)

deshoje (leaf removal)

動詞

deshojar (to pluck leaves)

hojear (to leaf through a book)

形容詞

hojoso (leafy)

deshojado (leafless)

hojaldrado (layered like pastry)

使い方

frequency

Very high in daily speech and writing.

よくある間違い

El hoja → La hoja
'Hoja' is feminine. The silent 'h' does not change the article to 'el' because the stress is not on the 'a'.
Escribo en la página → Escribo en la hoja
You write on a physical sheet (hoja), though 'página' is often used, 'hoja' is more accurate for the object.
Pronouncing the H → Silent H
The 'h' in 'hoja' should never be pronounced. It starts with the 'o' sound.
Hoja de rosa (for petal) → Pétalo de rosa
'Hoja' refers to the green leaves, not the colorful petals of a flower.
Hoja cálculo → Hoja de cálculo
In Spanish, you must use the preposition 'de' to link the two nouns.

ヒント

The Silent H

Remember that the 'H' in 'hoja' is as silent as a leaf falling on a sheet of paper. Never pronounce it!

Gender Agreement

Always pair 'hoja' with feminine adjectives. 'Hoja blanca', 'hoja seca', 'hoja afilada'.

Hoja vs. Página

Think of 'hoja' as the 3D object you can hold, and 'página' as the 2D surface you read.

Resume terminology

If you are applying for a job in Colombia or Mexico, use 'hoja de vida'. In Madrid, 'currículum' is more common.

Evergreen vs Deciduous

Learn 'hoja perenne' (evergreen) and 'hoja caduca' (deciduous) to sound like a pro when talking about nature.

Spreadsheet skills

In a Spanish office, you won't ask for an 'Excel', you'll ask for the 'hoja de cálculo'.

Moving on

Use 'pasar hoja' when talking to friends about getting over a breakup or a bad day.

The 'J' sound

The 'j' in 'hoja' is the same sound as in 'José' or 'Jalapeño'. Practice that breathy sound.

Bay Leaves

In recipes, 'hoja de laurel' is almost always singular because you usually only need one!

Blade Safety

When buying tools, 'hoja' refers to the metal part. 'Hoja de acero inoxidable' means stainless steel blade.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a 'HO' (hoe) hitting a 'JA' (jar) and a LEAF falls out of the jar onto a sheet of PAPER.

視覚的連想

Picture a bright green leaf resting on a perfectly white sheet of paper. Both are 'hojas'.

Word Web

árbol papel cuchillo otoño verde escribir bosque afilada

チャレンジ

Try to find five different 'hojas' in your house (a leaf from a plant, a sheet of paper, a knife blade, a razor, and a spreadsheet). Label them in Spanish.

語源

From the Latin 'folia', which was the plural of 'folium' (leaf).

元の意味： Leaves (plural). Over time, the plural 'folia' became a feminine singular noun 'hoja' in Spanish.

Romance / Indo-European.

文化的な背景

Be aware that 'hoja de coca' is a sensitive cultural topic in South America, representing indigenous identity vs. international drug policy.

English uses different words (leaf, sheet, blade), whereas Spanish uses 'hoja' for all three, which can be confusing for learners.

'La Hojarasca' by Gabriel García Márquez. 'Hojas de Hierba' (Spanish translation of Walt Whitman's 'Leaves of Grass'). 'La hoja roja' by Miguel Delibes.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

School / Classroom

¿Me das una hoja?
Hoja de examen
Hoja de papel
Escribir en la hoja

Nature / Outdoors

Las hojas caen
Hoja verde
Hoja seca
Árbol de hoja perenne

Office / Work

Hoja de cálculo
Hoja de vida
Imprimir una hoja
Hoja de ruta

Kitchen / Cooking

Hoja de laurel
Hoja de menta
Hoja del cuchillo
Hoja de papel de horno

Legal / Consumer Rights

Hoja de reclamaciones
Hoja de términos
Hoja de servicios
Firmar la hoja

会話のきっかけ

"¿Me puedes prestar una hoja de papel, por favor?"

"¿Has visto qué bonitas están las hojas de los árboles este otoño?"

"¿Ya terminaste de llenar tu hoja de vida para el nuevo trabajo?"

"¿Sabes cómo usar una hoja de cálculo para las finanzas?"

"¿Dónde puedo encontrar la hoja de reclamaciones en este local?"

日記のテーマ

Describe el color y la forma de una hoja que encuentres hoy.

Escribe sobre un momento en el que tuviste que 'pasar hoja' en tu vida.

¿Prefieres escribir en una hoja de papel o en la computadora? ¿Por qué?

Imagina que eres una hoja en otoño. Describe tu viaje desde el árbol al suelo.

¿Qué información incluirías en tu hoja de vida ideal?

よくある質問

10 問

'Hoja' is a feminine noun. You should always use 'la hoja' or 'una hoja'. Even though it starts with 'h', it does not follow the 'el agua' rule because the stress is on the 'o', not the 'a'.

'Hoja' refers to the physical piece of paper (the sheet). 'Página' refers to one side of that sheet. A single 'hoja' has two 'páginas'. In a book, you refer to 'página 5', not 'hoja 5'.

Yes, 'hoja' is the standard word for the blade of a knife, sword, or saw. For example, 'la hoja del cuchillo' means the knife blade.

In most Latin American countries, a resume is called a 'hoja de vida'. In Spain, it is more common to say 'currículum', but 'hoja de vida' is understood.

'Pasar hoja' is an idiom that means to move on from a situation, forget the past, or start a new chapter in your life. It's like 'turning the page' in English.

The 'h' is silent. The 'o' is like the 'o' in 'go' (but shorter). The 'j' is a breathy sound like the English 'h' in 'hat'. The 'a' is like the 'a' in 'father'. So: 'o-ha'.

In Spain, 'folio' is a very common word for a standard sheet of paper. 'Hoja' is more general. You can use 'hoja' for any leaf or sheet, but 'folio' is specifically for stationery.

'Hoja de cálculo' is the Spanish term for a spreadsheet, like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.

It is an official complaint form that businesses in Spain must provide to customers who wish to file a formal grievance.

Technically no. Flower petals are called 'pétalos'. 'Hoja' refers to the green leaves on the stem of the flower.

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