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A1 noun #1,500 よく出る 14分で読める

دوران

dowran 上位1,500

練習する例文メモとヒント دوران 30秒で

解説 دوران in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, the word 'دوران' (dowrān) is introduced as a way to talk about large, simple blocks of time in a person's life. While beginners first learn 'zamān' (time) and 'sā'at' (hour) to handle daily schedules, 'dowrān' is essential for answering basic questions about the past. The most important phrase to learn at this stage is 'دوران کودکی' (dowrān-e kudaki), which means 'childhood'. When a beginner wants to say 'When I was a child', they can use this phrase. For example, 'Dar dowrān-e kudaki, man bāzi mikardam' (In my childhood, I used to play). It is a simple, recognizable chunk of vocabulary that instantly elevates a beginner's ability to share personal information. Another very common phrase at this level is 'دوران مدرسه' (dowrān-e madrese), meaning 'school days'. Beginners do not need to worry about the complex historical or medical meanings of the word yet. The focus is purely on personal life stages. Teachers will often ask, 'Dar dowrān-e madrese che darsi rā dust dāshti?' (In your school days, what subject did you like?). By memorizing 'dowrān' alongside words like 'kudaki' (childhood) and 'javāni' (youth), A1 learners can start building simple but meaningful sentences about their own lives. It is important at this level to remember the 'e' sound (the Ezafe) that connects 'dowrān' to the next word. Without it, the phrase sounds broken. Just practice saying 'dowrān-e' as one fluid sound before adding the time period. This word helps beginners move away from only talking about the present moment ('now', 'today') and gives them the tool to talk about the 'then' in a natural, native-sounding way. It is a friendly, common word that appears in almost every introductory textbook when the topic shifts to personal history and family.

As learners progress to the A2 level, their use of 'دوران' (dowrān) expands beyond just 'childhood' and 'school days' to include a wider variety of life experiences and basic historical concepts. At this stage, students are learning to tell simple stories and recount past events with more detail. They will start using 'dowrān' to describe periods like 'دوران دانشگاه' (dowrān-e dāneshgāh - university days) or 'دوران سربازی' (dowrān-e sarbāzi - military service period, a very common topic of conversation among Iranian men). The grammatical structures around the word also become slightly more complex. A2 learners practice using prepositions with 'dowrān', such as 'az dowrān-e...' (since the era of...) or 'tā dowrān-e...' (until the era of...). For instance, 'Man az dowrān-e kudaki u rā mishnasam' (I have known him since childhood). This demonstrates how 'dowrān' acts as an anchor point in time for continuous actions. Furthermore, A2 students begin to encounter the word in simple reading texts about Iranian culture or history. They might read sentences like 'Dar dowrān-e ghadim...' (In the old days...) or 'Dar dowrān-e padeshāhān...' (In the era of kings...). While they aren't expected to debate complex historical epochs, they need to recognize that 'dowrān' is the standard word used to set the scene for a story set in the past. Teachers at this level will encourage students to use adjectives to describe these periods, creating phrases like 'yek dowrān-e khub' (a good period) or 'dowrān-e sakht' (a difficult period). This allows learners to express opinions and feelings about different phases of their lives, adding emotional depth to their basic conversational skills. The distinction between 'moddat' (duration) and 'dowrān' (era) is also gently introduced here to prevent early fossilization of errors.

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At the B1 intermediate level, 'دوران' (dowrān) becomes a highly active and versatile part of the learner's vocabulary. Students are now capable of discussing abstract concepts, societal changes, and more detailed historical narratives. The usage of 'dowrān' scales up from personal anecdotes to cultural observations. B1 learners will comfortably use phrases like 'دوران طلایی' (dowrān-e talāyi - golden age) to describe the peak of a sports team, a musician's career, or a historical empire. They begin to engage with media, watching Persian news or reading articles where 'dowrān' is used to define political or economic periods. Phrases such as 'dowrān-e sāsāniyān' (the Sassanid era) or 'dowrān-e mo'āser' (the contemporary era) become familiar. Grammatically, learners at this stage are expected to seamlessly integrate 'dowrān' into complex sentences using relative clauses. For example: 'Dowrāni ke dar Tehrān zendegi mikardam, behtarin ruzhā-ye man bud' (The period that I lived in Tehran was my best days). Notice the use of the indefinite 'i' (dowrān-i) to mean 'a period' or 'the period which'. This is a crucial B1 grammatical milestone. Furthermore, the concept of nostalgia is deeply explored at this level. Students learn to express longing for the past using phrases like 'yād-e ān dowrān be-kheyr' (remember those good times). They also start to differentiate 'dowrān' from its close synonyms like 'asr' (age) and 'dowre' (cycle/course), understanding that while 'dowre-ye amuzeshi' means a training course, 'dowrān-e amuzesh' refers to the era or period of one's life spent learning. The secondary, scientific meaning of 'dowrān' as 'circulation' (like dowrān-e khun - blood circulation) is also introduced at B1, especially for those reading general science texts or discussing health, broadening their understanding of the Arabic root d-w-r.

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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means the learner can manipulate the word 'دوران' (dowrān) with near-native nuance, applying it to complex, abstract, and professional contexts. At this stage, discussions often revolve around sociology, politics, literature, and detailed history. B2 learners use 'dowrān' to analyze shifts in society, employing phrases like 'دوران گذار' (dowrān-e gozār - transitional period) or 'دوران پساجنگ' (dowrān-e pasā-jang - post-war era). They are comfortable reading authentic Persian literature and newspapers where the word is used to frame arguments or establish historical context. The vocabulary surrounding 'dowrān' becomes much richer; learners pair it with advanced verbs like 'separi shodan' (to elapse/pass) or 'khateme yāftan' (to come to an end). For instance, 'Dowrān-e estebdād be pāyān resid' (The era of tyranny came to an end). In literary contexts, B2 students encounter 'dowrān' as a personified force, synonymous with 'ruzgār' (fate/the times), understanding poetic complaints about the 'cruelty of the dowrān'. They also master the plural forms. While 'dowrān-hā' is standard, B2 learners recognize and occasionally use the Arabic broken plural 'advār' (ادوار) in formal writing or when discussing multiple historical epochs (advār-e tārikhi). The ability to prefix 'dowrān' with terms like 'pishā-' (pre-) and 'pasā-' (post-) demonstrates a strong command of Persian word formation, allowing them to create terms like 'dowrān-e pishā-san'ati' (pre-industrial era) on the fly. Furthermore, in professional or academic settings, they can accurately use the word in its circulatory sense, discussing 'dowrān-e eqtesādi' (economic cycles) or 'dowrān-e sayyārāt' (rotation of planets), fully grasping the root concept of revolution and cycles that underpins the word.

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At the C1 advanced level, the usage of 'دوران' (dowrān) is characterized by absolute precision, stylistic elegance, and a deep understanding of cultural and literary heritage. C1 speakers do not just use the word to mark time; they use it to evoke specific atmospheres, cultural memories, and philosophical concepts. They are capable of engaging in high-level debates about history, using terms like 'ادوار تاریخی' (advār-e tārikhi) with natural fluency. They understand the subtle rhetorical power of defining an era, knowing that labeling a timeframe as a specific 'dowrān' carries political or social weight. In writing, C1 learners utilize complex genitive chains and compound adjectives, crafting phrases such as 'dowrān-e por-farāz o nashib-e mashrute' (the tumultuous era of the Constitutional Revolution). They are deeply familiar with classical Persian poetry (Saadi, Hafez, Rumi) where 'dowrān' often represents the turning wheel of fortune or the cyclical nature of the universe. A C1 speaker understands a line like 'dowrān-e baghā nadārad' (the era/world has no permanence) not just literally, but philosophically. They also master idiomatic and colloquial expressions that use the word, seamlessly blending high and low registers. For example, they might use 'dowrān-e in harfhā gozashte' (the time for this kind of talk has passed) in a heated discussion. The distinction between 'dowrān', 'asr', 'ruzgār', and 'ahd' is crystal clear to them, and they select the exact right synonym based on the rhythm and tone of their sentence. Their use of the word reflects a comprehensive internalization of the Persian worldview, where time is not just a linear progression, but a series of revolving, character-rich epochs.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's command of 'دوران' (dowrān) is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, an author, or a scholar. The word is wielded as a sophisticated rhetorical tool. C2 users effortlessly navigate the deepest etymological roots of the word, playing with its dual meanings of 'era' and 'rotation' in creative writing or academic discourse. They might write essays analyzing the 'advār-e she'r-e fārsi' (the epochs of Persian poetry), demonstrating an encyclopedic knowledge of how the language itself has evolved through different 'dowrāns'. At this level, the word is often used in philosophical discussions about the nature of time itself, contrasting the linear 'zamān' with the cyclical, experiential 'dowrān'. They can effortlessly decode and produce archaic or highly stylized phrasing found in historical manuscripts, where 'dowrān' might be paired with complex Arabic loanwords. In contemporary socio-political commentary, a C2 speaker might coin new phrases using 'dowrān' to capture the zeitgeist, demonstrating generative linguistic ability. They understand the profound nostalgia and collective memory embedded in the word, using it to tap into the Iranian psyche during speeches or persuasive writing. Whether discussing the 'dowrān-e nehaftagi' (incubation period) in advanced epidemiology, the 'advār-e majles' (parliamentary terms) in political science, or the 'gardesh-e dowrān' (the turning of the times/fate) in a literary critique, the C2 speaker uses the word with flawless grammatical accuracy, perfect register alignment, and profound cultural resonance. They own the word completely.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

دوران 30秒で

Means 'era', 'period', or 'epoch'.
Used for life stages (childhood, youth).
Used for historical or political times.
Can also mean 'rotation' or 'circulation'.

The Persian word 'دوران' (dowrān) is a highly versatile and culturally significant noun that primarily translates to a period, era, or epoch of time. Rooted in the Arabic triconsonantal root d-w-r, which conveys the idea of turning, revolving, or circling, the word intrinsically carries the philosophical connotation of time as a cyclical phenomenon rather than a strictly linear one. When Persian speakers use this word, they are often referring to a distinct, definable stretch of time characterized by specific events, conditions, or personal experiences. For instance, it is incredibly common to hear people speak of 'دوران کودکی' (dowrān-e kudaki), meaning the period of childhood, or 'دوران طلایی' (dowrān-e talāyi), referring to a golden age or era. Understanding the depth of this word requires recognizing its dual application in both deeply personal contexts and grand historical narratives. In personal contexts, it delineates the chapters of one's life—childhood, youth, adulthood, and old age. In historical contexts, it demarcates the reigns of dynasties, the span of political movements, or the epochs of scientific and cultural advancements.

این بهترین دوران زندگی من است.

This concept of a bounded yet flowing period is essential for mastering Persian time expressions. Furthermore, the word is used in scientific and medical contexts to mean circulation or rotation, such as 'دوران خون' (dowrān-e khun), meaning blood circulation. This highlights the root meaning of revolving.

Etymological Insight: The root d-w-r implies a circle or cycle, suggesting that eras and periods are parts of a grander rotation of time, reflecting ancient philosophies of cyclical history.

When learning Persian, distinguishing between 'zaman' (time in general) and 'dowran' (a specific era) is a crucial milestone. The beauty of the word lies in its ability to evoke nostalgia. When an older person speaks of 'dowran-e javani' (the period of youth), it carries a poetic weight that a simple word for 'time' cannot convey.

ما در دوران سختی زندگی می‌کنیم.

It encapsulates all the feelings, events, and cultural zeitgeists of that specific timeframe.

Cultural Nuance: Iranians often reflect on past eras with a sense of deep nostalgia, making this word highly emotional in literature, poetry, and traditional music.

To truly grasp its usage, one must immerse oneself in Persian literature, where poets frequently lament the passing of a beautiful 'dowran'.

دوران دانشجویی بسیار شیرین بود.

The word is not just a measure of seconds, minutes, or hours; it is a measure of human experience. It bridges the gap between the objective ticking of the clock and the subjective feeling of living through an age.

آن دوران دیگر گذشته است.

Furthermore, the plural form 'adavar' (ادوار) is used in highly formal or academic contexts, though 'dowran-ha' (دوران‌ها) is perfectly acceptable and more common in everyday speech.

Grammar Point: It is almost always followed by the Ezafe marker (-e) to link it to the specific period being described, forming a genitive construction.

As you advance in your Persian studies, you will encounter this word in news broadcasts discussing 'the post-war era' (dowran-e pas a jang) or 'the digital age' (dowran-e digital).

در دوران قاجار، هنر تغییر کرد.

Mastering 'dowran' unlocks a higher level of fluency, allowing you to speak about time not just as a sequence of events, but as a rich tapestry of eras and epochs that define the human condition. It is a word that carries the weight of history and the intimacy of personal memory simultaneously.

Using the word 'دوران' (dowrān) correctly in Persian requires an understanding of its grammatical function and its typical collocations. As a noun, it functions seamlessly within Persian sentence structures, most commonly appearing as the head noun in an Ezafe construction. The Ezafe is a grammatical particle (pronounced as an unstressed 'e' or 'ye') that links a noun to its modifier or possessor. Therefore, you will almost always hear it as 'dowrān-e...', followed by the specific era or period being described. For example, 'dowrān-e madrese' translates to 'school days' or 'the period of school'. This structure is the backbone of how the word is deployed in everyday conversation and formal writing alike.

من دلم برای دوران مدرسه تنگ شده است.

When constructing sentences, 'dowrān' often acts as an adverbial phrase of time when preceded by prepositions like 'dar' (in) or 'tū-ye' (in/inside, colloquial). Saying 'dar dowrān-e javāni' (in the period of youth) sets the temporal stage for the rest of the sentence.

Syntactic Role: It frequently serves as an adjunct of time, establishing the chronological context for the main action of the verb in the sentence.

It is also important to note the verbs that commonly pair with 'dowrān'. Verbs like 'gozarāndan' (to spend/pass time), 'separi kardan' (to pass/elapse), and 'yād kardan' (to remember/recall) are frequent companions. You might say, 'mā dowrān-e sakhti rā posht-e sar gozāshtim' (we left a difficult period behind us).

او دوران نقاهت را می‌گذراند.

In addition to personal life stages, 'dowrān' is the standard word used in history textbooks to divide time. You will read about 'dowrān-e bāstān' (ancient times) or 'dowrān-e mo'āser' (contemporary era).

Historical Context: Historians use this term to categorize epochs, making it indispensable for academic reading and discussions about the past.

The flexibility of the word allows it to scale from the micro (a few weeks of recovery: dowrān-e neghāhat) to the macro (millennia of history: dowrān-e zamin-shenāsi).

این یک دوران جدید در تکنولوژی است.

When expressing nostalgia, Persians often use the phrase 'yād-e ān dowrān be-kheyr', which translates to 'may the memory of those times be good' or simply 'those were the good old days'. This phrase alone demonstrates the emotional capacity of the word.

یاد آن دوران بخیر.

Another common usage is in the context of pregnancy or medical conditions, such as 'dowrān-e bārdāri' (pregnancy period).

Medical Usage: In healthcare, it defines specific phases of treatment, gestation, or recovery, showing its practical utility beyond abstract concepts.

Furthermore, the word can be pluralized. While 'dowrān-hā' is the standard Persian plural using the '-hā' suffix, the Arabic broken plural 'advār' is frequently encountered in formal, journalistic, or academic Persian. For instance, 'advār-e tārikhi' means 'historical periods'.

در تمام دوران‌ها، عشق وجود داشته است.

By mastering these collocations and grammatical structures, learners can confidently integrate 'dowrān' into their active vocabulary, elevating their Persian from basic time-telling to sophisticated temporal expression.

The word 'دوران' (dowrān) is ubiquitous in the Persian-speaking world, permeating every level of discourse from casual family gatherings to high-level academic and political speeches. Its presence is a testament to its fundamental role in how Persian speakers conceptualize and communicate about time. In everyday life, you will most frequently hear it in conversations centered around personal history and nostalgia. When families gather, older generations will inevitably share stories starting with 'dar dowrān-e mā...' (in our time...) or 'dowrān-e javāni-ye man...' (my period of youth...).

در دوران ما، زندگی ساده‌تر بود.

These conversational uses highlight the word's function as a bridge to the past, a linguistic vessel for memories. Beyond the living room, 'dowrān' is a staple of broadcast media. News anchors and journalists rely heavily on this word to contextualize current events within broader historical trends.

Media Presence: Journalists use it to define political eras, such as 'the post-election era' or 'the era of economic reform', providing a framework for news analysis.

You might hear reports discussing 'dowrān-e pasā-koronā' (the post-corona era) or 'dowrān-e tahrim' (the sanctions era). In the realm of arts and entertainment, the word is equally prominent. Persian pop and traditional music are replete with lyrics lamenting the passage of a beautiful 'dowrān' or yearning for a 'dowrān-e tāze' (new era).

آهنگ‌های آن دوران بی‌نظیر هستند.

Cinema and television also utilize the concept heavily; historical dramas are often referred to as films depicting a specific 'dowrān'.

Cinematic Context: Period pieces in Iranian cinema are categorized by the 'dowrān' they represent, such as the Qajar or Pahlavi eras, setting the visual and thematic tone.

Furthermore, in educational settings, students encounter the word constantly. History classes are structured around various 'advār' (the plural of dowrān), teaching students about 'dowrān-e eslāmi' (the Islamic era) or 'dowrān-e mashrute' (the Constitutional era).

کتاب درباره دوران صفویه است.

Even in the sciences, the word finds its place. Geologists speak of 'dowrān-e zamin-shenāsi' (geological eras), and biologists might discuss the 'dowrān-e takāmol' (evolutionary period). This secondary meaning, rooted in the Arabic concept of revolving, is crucial for medical professionals and students.

پزشک دوران خون او را بررسی کرد.

Finally, in literature and poetry, 'dowrān' is often personified or treated as an active force that brings fortune or ruin. Poets might write about the cruelty of the 'dowrān' or the fleeting nature of a joyous 'dowrān'.

Literary Usage: Classical and modern poets use the word to symbolize the inescapable passage of time and fate, giving it a profound philosophical weight.

Therefore, whether you are listening to a grandmother's tale, watching the evening news, reading a textbook, or enjoying a classic poem, 'dowrān' is a word you will encounter with remarkable frequency, each time adding a layer of temporal depth to the narrative.

هر دوران زیبایی‌های خودش را دارد.

Its widespread use makes it an essential vocabulary item for anyone aiming to achieve fluency and cultural literacy in Persian.

When learning the Persian word 'دوران' (dowrān), non-native speakers often fall into a few predictable traps, primarily stemming from the nuances of translating the English concept of 'time' into Persian. The most frequent and glaring mistake is using 'dowrān' interchangeably with 'zamān' (زمان) or 'vaght' (وقت). While all three relate to time, they operate on entirely different scales and contexts. 'Vaght' refers to clock time or a specific moment (e.g., 'Do you have time?'). 'Zamān' is the general, abstract concept of time or a grammatical tense. 'Dowrān', however, specifically denotes an era, a prolonged period, or a distinct phase of life or history.

اشتباه است که بگوییم: چه دوران است؟ (باید گفت: چه وقت است؟)

A learner might incorrectly say 'dar dowrān-e fardā' (in the era of tomorrow) when they simply mean 'zamān-e fardā' (tomorrow's time), which sounds absurd to a native speaker, akin to saying 'in the epoch of tomorrow morning'.

Scale of Time: Reserve 'dowrān' for macro-level timeframes: life stages, historical epochs, or multi-year periods, never for minutes, hours, or specific days.

Another common error involves the omission of the Ezafe marker. Because 'dowrān' almost always acts as the head noun describing a specific period, it must be linked to its descriptor with the '-e' sound. Failing to pronounce the Ezafe makes the speech sound disjointed and grammatically incomplete.

تلفظ صحیح: دورانِ جوانی.

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'dowrān' with 'moddat' (مدت). 'Moddat' refers to a duration or length of time, focusing on the quantity of time passed, whereas 'dowrān' focuses on the quality or the defining characteristics of that time.

Duration vs. Era: Use 'moddat' to say 'for a long time' (moddat-e tulāni), but use 'dowrān' to say 'the long era' (dowrān-e tulāni) when referring to a historical age.

For instance, saying 'yek dowrān-e kutāh montazer māndam' (I waited for a short era) is incorrect; it should be 'yek moddat-e kutāh...'.

او برای یک دوران طولانی پادشاه بود.

Additionally, in medical contexts, the secondary meaning of 'circulation' can cause confusion. A learner might hear 'dowrān-e khun' and attempt to translate it as 'the era of blood', missing the medical context entirely. It is crucial to be aware of this polysemy.

مشکل در دوران خون خطرناک است.

Lastly, pluralization can sometimes trip up advanced learners. While 'dowrān-hā' is perfectly fine, trying to force the Arabic broken plural 'advār' into casual conversation sounds overly pedantic and unnatural.

Register Awareness: Save the plural 'advār' for writing essays or formal speeches; stick to 'dowrān-hā' or simply the singular 'dowrān' for everyday chatting.

By paying close attention to the scale of time being discussed, the necessary grammatical linkages, and the specific context (historical vs. medical), learners can easily avoid these common pitfalls and use 'dowrān' with native-like precision.

ما دوران‌های مختلفی را دیده‌ایم.

Mastery of this word is a strong indicator of moving beyond literal translation and grasping the conceptual framework of the Persian language.

The Persian vocabulary for expressing concepts of time is rich and nuanced, offering several words that are similar to 'دوران' (dowrān) but carry distinct shades of meaning. Understanding these synonyms and related terms is essential for precise communication. The most closely related word is 'عصر' (asr). While 'dowrān' means era or period, 'asr' specifically translates to 'age' or 'epoch', often with a slightly grander or more formal historical connotation.

ما در عصر ارتباطات و دوران اینترنت هستیم.

For example, 'asr-e yakhbandān' (the Ice Age) is preferred over 'dowrān-e yakhbandān', though both are understood. 'Asr' is frequently used for technological or global epochs (e.g., asr-e faza - the Space Age).

Dowran vs. Asr: Use 'asr' for grand, world-defining ages, and 'dowrān' for personal life stages, political periods, or general eras.

Another highly relevant word is 'دوره' (dowre). This word shares the same Arabic root (d-w-r) as 'dowrān' and is often used interchangeably, but 'dowre' tends to imply a more structured, bounded, or repeating cycle. You would say 'dowre-ye amuzeshi' (training course), not 'dowrān-e amuzeshi'.

این یک دوره کوتاه در این دوران است.

Then there is 'زمان' (zamān), the most general word for time. As discussed in common mistakes, 'zamān' is the abstract continuum, whereas 'dowrān' is a segment cut out of that continuum.

General Time: 'Zamān' is the overarching concept; 'dowrān' is a specific, characterized chunk of 'zamān'.

For poetic or literary contexts, the word 'روزگار' (ruzgār) is a beautiful alternative. 'Ruzgār' translates to 'times', 'days', or 'fate'. It carries a heavy emotional and nostalgic weight, similar to 'dowrān', but emphasizes the experiential aspect of living through those times.

روزگار غریبی است در این دوران.

A poet might complain about the cruelty of 'ruzgār' (fate/the times) just as they might lament a dark 'dowrān'. We must also consider 'دهه' (dahe), which simply means 'decade'. While 'dowrān' is an undefined length of time based on characteristics, 'dahe' is strictly ten years.

دهه شصت یک دوران خاص بود.

You might talk about the culture of 'dahe-ye shast' (the 60s - referring to the 1360s in the Persian calendar), which constitutes a specific 'dowrān' in modern Iranian history.

Specific vs. Abstract: 'Dahe' (decade) and 'Sadeh' (century) are mathematically precise, whereas 'dowrān' is defined by its events and feelings.

Finally, 'مقطع' (maghta') means a cross-section or a specific juncture in time. It is used to pinpoint a specific phase within a larger 'dowrān'.

در این مقطع از دوران تحصیلی، باید تلاش کنی.

By distinguishing between 'dowrān' (era), 'asr' (age), 'dowre' (cycle/course), 'zamān' (time), 'ruzgār' (fate/times), and 'dahe' (decade), a learner can navigate the complex temporal landscape of the Persian language with elegance and accuracy.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe construction (Noun + e + Noun/Adjective)

Prepositions of time (dar, az, tā)

Relative clauses for time (Dowrāni ke...)

Pluralization rules (Persian -hā vs Arabic broken plurals)

Adverbial phrases of time

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レベル別の例文

من در دوران کودکی خیلی شاد بودم.

I was very happy in my childhood.

Use 'dar' (in) + 'dowrān-e' + specific period.

دوران مدرسه برای من جالب بود.

School days were interesting for me.

Subject of the sentence: Dowrān-e madrese.

او در دوران جوانی زیبا بود.

She was beautiful in her youth.

Adjective 'zibā' describes the person, not the era.

این عکس برای دوران قدیم است.

This photo is from the old days.

Barāye (for/from) indicates origin in time.

ما در دوران خوبی زندگی می‌کنیم.

We live in a good era.

Noun + indefinite 'i' + adjective: dowrān-e khubi.

دوران تعطیلات تمام شد.

The holiday period is over.

Verb 'tamām shod' (finished/ended).

پدرم از دوران کارش می‌گوید.

My father talks about his working days.

Az (from/about) + dowrān-e kār-ash (his work period).

من دوران پاییز را دوست دارم.

I like the autumn period.

Direct object with 'rā'.

از دوران کودکی تا الان، ما دوست هستیم.

From childhood until now, we are friends.

Az ... tā ... (From ... to ...).

دوران دانشجویی بهترین زمان زندگی است.

The student period is the best time of life.

Superlative adjective 'behtarin'.

در دوران سربازی چیزهای زیادی یاد گرفتم.

I learned many things during my military service.

Common cultural reference: dowrān-e sarbāzi.

آن دوران بسیار سخت گذشت.

That period passed very hard.

Verb 'gozasht' (passed).

کتاب‌های دوران قاجار جالب هستند.

Books from the Qajar era are interesting.

Historical period: Qajar.

ما یک دوران طولانی را با هم بودیم.

We were together for a long period.

Yek dowrān-e tulāni (a long period).

دوران بیماری او یک ماه طول کشید.

His illness period lasted one month.

Tul keshid (lasted/took time).

یاد آن دوران بخیر!

May the memory of those times be good! (Good old days)

Fixed expression for nostalgia.

دوران طلایی هنر ایران در زمان صفویه بود.

The golden age of Iranian art was during the Safavid time.

Dowrān-e talāyi (Golden age).

دورانی که در تهران بودم، خیلی چیزها تغییر کرد.

The period that I was in Tehran, many things changed.

Relative clause starting with 'Dowrān-i ke...'.

ما در حال ورود به یک دوران جدید هستیم.

We are entering a new era.

Dar hāl-e vorud be (in the process of entering).

دوران نقاهت بعد از عمل جراحی مهم است.

The recovery period after surgery is important.

Medical context: dowrān-e neghāhat.

در دوران معاصر، تکنولوژی پیشرفت زیادی کرده است.

In the contemporary era, technology has progressed a lot.

Dowrān-e mo'āser (Contemporary era).

آنها دوران سختی را پشت سر گذاشتند.

They left a difficult period behind.

Posht-e sar gozāshtan (to leave behind/overcome).

دوران ریاست جمهوری او هشت سال بود.

His presidential term/era was eight years.

Political context: dowrān-e riyāsat jomhuri.

گردش خون در بدن را دوران خون می‌گویند.

The circulation of blood in the body is called blood circulation.

Scientific meaning: circulation (dowrān-e khun).

جهان در دوران پساجنگ سرد تغییرات بنیادین کرد.

The world underwent fundamental changes in the post-Cold War era.

Prefix 'pasā-' (post-).

ادوار مختلف تاریخی نشان‌دهنده تکامل بشر هستند.

Different historical epochs show the evolution of mankind.

Plural form 'advār' (epochs).

این نویسنده متعلق به دوران گذار ادبیات فارسی است.

This author belongs to the transitional period of Persian literature.

Dowrān-e gozār (Transitional period).

دوران بارداری نیاز به مراقبت‌های ویژه دارد.

The pregnancy period requires special care.

Medical/Life stage: dowrān-e bārdāri.

سرعت دوران زمین به دور خورشید ثابت است.

The speed of the Earth's rotation around the sun is constant.

Physics meaning: rotation/revolution.

او خاطرات دوران تبعید خود را در یک کتاب نوشت.

He wrote the memories of his exile period in a book.

Dowrān-e tab'id (Exile period).

دوران شکوفایی اقتصادی کشور کوتاه بود.

The era of the country's economic flourishing was short.

Dowrān-e shokufāyi (Era of flourishing/boom).

به نظر می‌رسد دوران این گونه تفکرات به سر آمده است.

It seems the era of these kinds of thoughts has come to an end.

Idiom: be sar āmadan (to come to an end).

بررسی ادوار شعر فارسی نیازمند تسلط بر تاریخ است.

Examining the epochs of Persian poetry requires mastery of history.

Formal plural 'advār' in an academic context.

دوران پرفراز و نشیب مشروطه، نقطه عطفی در تاریخ ایران بود.

The tumultuous era of the Constitutional Revolution was a turning point in Iran's history.

Compound adjective 'por-farāz o nashib' (tumultuous/full of ups and downs).

در دوران نهفتگی بیماری، علائم آشکار نمی‌شوند.

During the incubation period of the disease, symptoms are not apparent.

Medical terminology: dowrān-e nehaftagi (incubation period).

چرخش دوران همیشه بر وفق مراد آدمی نیست.

The turning of fate (the era) is not always according to man's desire.

Literary use: charkhesh-e dowrān (turning of fate/times).

ما شاهد گذار از دوران صنعتی به دوران دیجیتال هستیم.

We are witnessing the transition from the industrial era to the digital era.

Contrasting two major eras.

دوران خفقان سیاسی باعث مهاجرت نخبگان شد.

The era of political suffocation caused the brain drain (migration of elites).

Dowrān-e khafaghān (Era of suppression/suffocation).

این بنای تاریخی یادگاری از دوران شکوهمند باستان است.

This historical monument is a relic from the magnificent ancient era.

Descriptive phrase: dowrān-e shokuhmand-e bāstān.

دوران بلوغ فکری او مصادف با تحولات اجتماعی بود.

His era of intellectual maturity coincided with social upheavals.

Abstract life stage: dowrān-e bolugh-e fekri.

حافظ در اشعار خود بارها از بی‌وفایی دوران گلایه کرده است.

Hafez in his poems has repeatedly complained about the unfaithfulness of the times (fate).

Personification of 'dowrān' as fate/time.

تقسیم‌بندی ادوار زمین‌شناسی بر اساس فسیل‌های یافت‌شده صورت می‌گیرد.

The classification of geological eras is done based on the fossils found.

Highly technical scientific use: advār-e zamin-shenāsi.

دوران استیلای این امپراتوری با ظهور قدرت‌های نوظهور افول کرد.

The era of this empire's hegemony declined with the rise of emerging powers.

Advanced vocabulary: estelā (hegemony/dominance).

مفهوم زمان خطی در تقابل با درک دوری و ادوار در فلسفه شرق قرار دارد.

The concept of linear time stands in contrast to the cyclical understanding and epochs in Eastern philosophy.

Philosophical discussion of time (dori vs khatti).

دوران فترت در تاریخ، آبستن حوادث شگرفی است.

The interregnum period in history is pregnant with extraordinary events.

Historical terminology: dowrān-e fatrat (interregnum/hiatus).

این نظریه در دوران خود پارادایم غالب علمی محسوب می‌شد.

This theory was considered the dominant scientific paradigm in its own era.

Academic phrasing: dar dowrān-e khod (in its own time).

دوران طفولیت زبان فارسی دری با سادگی و بی‌پیرایگی همراه بود.

The infancy era of the Dari Persian language was accompanied by simplicity and unadornment.

Metaphorical use: dowrān-e tofuliyat (infancy era).

گردون دون‌پرور و دوران کج‌مدار، بن‌مایه بسیاری از مرثیه‌های ادبی است.

The base-nurturing wheel of heaven and the crooked-orbiting era are the motif of many literary elegies.

Classical poetic idioms: dowrān-e kaj-madār (crooked-orbiting era).

よく使う組み合わせ

دوران کودکی

دوران جوانی

دوران طلایی

دوران مدرسه

دوران بارداری

دوران نقاهت

دوران باستان

دوران معاصر

دوران سخت

دوران گذار

よく使うフレーズ

یاد آن دوران بخیر

در دوران ما

پشت سر گذاشتن دوران

سپری کردن دوران

در طول دوران

پایان یک دوران

آغاز دوران جدید

دوران اوج

دوران افول

گردش دوران

よく混同される語

دوران vs زمان (zamān - time in general)

دوران vs وقت (vaght - specific time/clock time)

دوران vs مدت (moddat - duration/length of time)

慣用句と表現

"دوران چیزی به سر آمدن"

"بازیچه دوران شدن"

"چرخ دوران"

"گذر دوران"

"دوران طلایی کسی بودن"

"از دوران عقب ماندن"

"دوران ساز بودن"

"به اقتضای دوران"

"دوران سیاه"

"دوران شکوفایی"

間違えやすい

دوران vs زمان

دوران vs دوره

دوران vs عصر

دوران vs دهه

دوران vs قرن

文型パターン

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使い方

nuances

Carries a built-in sense of a 'chapter' opening and closing. It implies a boundary around the time being discussed.

formality

Highly versatile. Can be used in the most casual street slang or the most elevated academic discourse depending on the collocations.

exceptions

While mostly meaning 'era', do not forget its use in physics/medicine meaning 'rotation' or 'circulation' (e.g., dowrān-e khun).

よくある間違い

Saying 'che dowrāni ast?' to ask the time.
'Dowrān' means era, not clock time. Asking 'che dowrāni ast?' means 'what historical era is it?'.
Saying 'dowrān kudaki' without the connecting vowel.
The Ezafe (-e) is mandatory to link the noun 'dowrān' to its modifier 'kudaki'.
Using 'dowrān' for a very short, insignificant wait time.
'Dowrān' implies a significant chapter or era, not just a few minutes of waiting.
Translating 'blood circulation' as 'gardesh-e khun' only.
Learners often forget the secondary meaning of 'dowrān' as rotation/circulation.
Using 'asr' for personal life stages (e.g., asr-e kudaki).
'Asr' is for grand historical epochs. 'Dowrān' is used for both history and personal life stages.

ヒント

Don't forget the Ezafe

When connecting 'dowrān' to the name of the era, always pronounce the '-e' sound. 'Dowrān-e kudaki', not 'Dowrān kudaki'. This is the most common beginner mistake.

Life Stages

Memorize the big three life stages with this word: 'dowrān-e kudaki' (childhood), 'dowrān-e javāni' (youth), and 'dowrān-e piri' (old age). These are essential for daily conversation.

Expressing Nostalgia

Iranians love nostalgia. Learn the phrase 'yād-e ān dowrān be-kheyr' (those were the good old days). Dropping this into a conversation with older native speakers will win you points.

Not for Clock Time

Never use 'dowrān' to ask or tell the time on a clock. It is strictly for eras and periods. Use 'sā'at' or 'vaght' for daily timekeeping.

The Formal Plural

If you are reading the news or a history book, watch out for the word 'advār' (ادوار). This is the formal plural of 'dowrān' and means 'epochs' or 'eras'.

Medical Meaning

If you are at the doctor or reading a biology text, remember that 'dowrān' means circulation or rotation. 'Dowrān-e khun' is blood circulation.

The Golden Age

To describe the peak of something (a civilization, a sports team, an artist), use the phrase 'dowrān-e talāyi', which literally translates to 'golden era'.

Prepositions

Use 'dar' (in) before 'dowrān' to say 'during' or 'in the era of'. For example, 'dar dowrān-e madrese' means 'in/during school days'.

Dowran vs Moddat

Use 'moddat' when you care about the length of time (e.g., 'for a long duration'). Use 'dowrān' when you care about the character of the time (e.g., 'the dark era').

Post and Pre

In modern Persian, especially in news, you can attach 'pasā-' (post) or 'pishā-' (pre) to the noun following 'dowrān'. E.g., 'dowrān-e pasā-jang' (post-war era).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a DOOR running (DOW-RAN). Every time you open a new door, you run into a new ERA of your life.

語源

Arabic

文化的な背景

No specific taboos, but labeling a recent political period with a negative adjective (e.g., dowrān-e siyāh) can be highly provocative.

Using 'dar dowrān-e shomā' (in your era/time) when speaking to elders shows respect for their life experience.

Universally understood across all Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan), though pronunciation may slightly vary (e.g., 'dawrān' in Dari/Tajik).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"بهترین خاطره شما از دوران کودکی چیست؟ (What is your best memory from childhood?)"

"فکر می‌کنید ما در چه دورانی زندگی می‌کنیم؟ (What era do you think we are living in?)"

"دوران مدرسه برای شما چگونه بود؟ (How were your school days?)"

"دوست داشتید در کدام دوران تاریخی زندگی می‌کردید؟ (Which historical era would you have liked to live in?)"

"آیا دوران دانشجویی واقعا بهترین دوران است؟ (Is the student period really the best period?)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a difficult 'dowrān' in your life and how you overcame it.

Describe the 'dowrān' of history you find most fascinating and why.

Compare your 'dowrān-e kudaki' (childhood) with the childhood of kids today.

What do you think the 'post-AI era' (dowrān-e pasā-hush-e masnu'i) will look like?

Reflect on a 'dowrān' that recently ended in your life.

よくある質問

10 問

No, absolutely not. 'Dowrān' means era or period. To ask the time, you must use 'sā'at' (hour) or 'vaght' (time). Asking 'che dowrāni ast?' would sound like you are asking 'what historical epoch are we in?'.

'Zamān' is the general, abstract concept of time. It is a continuous flow. 'Dowrān' is a specific, bounded chunk of that time, characterized by certain events or life stages. You live in 'zamān', but you experience a specific 'dowrān'.

The most common and natural way to say childhood is 'dowrān-e kudaki'. Literally, it means 'the period of childhood'. You can also just say 'kudaki', but adding 'dowrān-e' makes it sound much more natural when telling a story.

It is used in both! It is a highly versatile word. You can use it informally to talk about your school days ('dowrān-e madrese'), or formally in an essay to discuss the Qajar era ('dowrān-e Qajar'). The context and the words you pair it with determine its formality.

This is a medical term that means 'blood circulation'. Because the root of 'dowrān' (d-w-r) means to turn or circle, it is used in scientific contexts to describe things that circulate or rotate.

The standard Persian plural is 'dowrān-hā' (eras/periods). However, in formal, journalistic, or academic writing, you will often see the Arabic broken plural 'advār' (ادوار). Stick to 'dowrān-hā' for everyday conversation.

This is a very common expression of nostalgia. It translates roughly to 'may the memory of those times be good', but it functions like the English phrase 'those were the good old days'. Use it when reminiscing.

Generally, no. 'Dowrān' implies a significant era or chapter. For short durations like a week or a few days, it is better to use 'moddat' (duration) or 'ruz-hā' (days). An exception is a specific medical phase, like 'dowrān-e neghāhat' (recovery period), which could be short.

Almost always, yes. Because 'dowrān' usually acts as the head noun describing a specific period, it needs the Ezafe to link to the descriptor. For example, 'dowrān-e javāni' (period OF youth). If it stands alone at the end of a sentence, it doesn't need it.

Both can mean 'era' or 'age'. However, 'asr' is typically reserved for grand, world-defining epochs (like the Ice Age or the Digital Age). 'Dowrān' is broader and can be used for grand history AND personal life stages (like youth), whereas 'asr' is not used for personal life stages.

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