dîner 30秒で
- Dîner refers to the evening meal in France, typically the most important social meal of the day.
- It is a masculine noun (le dîner) but can also function as a verb (dîner) meaning 'to dine'.
- Regional differences exist: in Quebec, Belgium, and Switzerland, it often means 'lunch'.
- A traditional French dinner is structured with multiple courses and emphasizes conversation.
The word dîner represents one of the most significant cultural pillars in the French-speaking world. In its primary sense, as used in modern Hexagonal French (France), it refers to the evening meal, typically consumed between 7:00 PM and 9:00 PM. However, the history of the word reveals a fascinating linguistic shift. Derived from the Vulgar Latin disjejunare, meaning 'to break one's fast,' it originally referred to the first meal of the day. Over centuries, as societal habits changed and the main meal moved later in the day, the term followed. In parts of Belgium, Switzerland, and Quebec, le dîner still refers to the midday meal (lunch), while the evening meal is called le souper. This regional variation is a crucial distinction for learners to master to avoid confusion when traveling.
- Social Significance
- In France, the dîner is not just about nutrition; it is a social ritual. It is the time when families gather to discuss their day, often lasting over an hour and consisting of multiple courses.
Le dîner est presque prêt, viens mettre la table ! (Dinner is almost ready, come set the table!)
The structure of a formal French dinner is legendary. It typically begins with an apéritif, followed by an entrée (starter), a plat principal (main course), often a fromage (cheese) course, and finally a dessert. Coffee is usually served at the very end, never during the meal. Understanding this sequence is vital for anyone wishing to integrate into French social life. The word itself carries a weight of formality that 'supper' might lack in English, suggesting a prepared, seated meal rather than a quick snack.
- Etymology
- From Old French disner, from the same root as déjeuner. Both words essentially mean 'to break a fast'.
Nous avons organisé un dîner de gala pour fêter la nouvelle année.
In professional contexts, a dîner d'affaires (business dinner) is a common way to close deals or build relationships. Unlike the déjeuner d'affaires, which is often time-constrained, the evening version allows for more expansive conversation and a more relaxed atmosphere, though the etiquette remains strict. One must wait for the host to begin eating and keep both hands visible on the table (but not elbows!). These nuances make the word 'dîner' more than just a label for food; it is a label for a specific type of social interaction.
Après le travail, j'aime préparer un petit dîner léger.
- Regional Variation
- France: Petit-déjeuner (Morning), Déjeuner (Noon), Dîner (Evening). Quebec: Déjeuner (Morning), Dîner (Noon), Souper (Evening).
Voulez-vous rester pour le dîner ?
Le dîner aux chandelles est un classique du romantisme français.
Using the noun dîner correctly involves understanding its role in various sentence structures and its relationship with verbs. Most commonly, it follows verbs of consumption or preparation. You 'prepare' (préparer), 'serve' (servir), 'take' (prendre), or 'have' (avoir) a dinner. Note that in French, we often say 'prendre le dîner' or simply use the verb form 'dîner' (to dine). When using the noun, it is almost always preceded by an article (le, un) or a possessive adjective (mon, ton, son).
- Common Verbs
- Préparer le dîner, servir le dîner, commander le dîner, finir son dîner.
In terms of adjectives, a dinner can be copieux (hearty), léger (light), gastronomique (gourmet), or rapide (quick). When describing the purpose of the dinner, we use the preposition 'de': un dîner de famille, un dîner de travail, un dîner d'anniversaire. It is important to distinguish between the meal itself and the event. 'Le dîner' usually refers to the food and the act of eating, while 'une soirée' might refer to the entire evening's entertainment which includes a dinner.
C'était un dîner mémorable avec des amis de longue date.
When talking about time, we use 'à l'heure du dîner' (at dinner time). If you are invited to someone's house, it is polite to ask 'À quelle heure est le dîner ?'. In French culture, being 'à l'heure' (on time) for a dinner at a restaurant is mandatory, but for a dinner at a private home, the 'quart d'heure de politesse' (15-minute grace period) is often expected in many regions to allow the host final preparations.
You will encounter le dîner in almost every facet of French life. In domestic settings, it is the focal point of the evening. You'll hear parents calling children: 'À table ! Le dîner est servi !'. In the workplace, colleagues might discuss their plans: 'Tu as prévu quoi pour le dîner ce soir ?'. On television, cooking shows (which are immensely popular in France) revolve around the preparation of the perfect dîner, focusing on seasonal ingredients and presentation.
Bienvenue à notre dîner annuel de charité.
In literature and cinema, the dinner scene is a classic trope used to reveal character tensions or romantic developments. Think of the famous film 'Le Dîner de Cons', where the entire plot revolves around a weekly dinner invitation. In restaurants, the 'menu dîner' is often more elaborate and expensive than the 'formule déjeuner'. You will see it written on chalkboards (ardoises) outside bistros across Paris and beyond.
- Public Announcements
- In hotels, you might hear: 'Le dîner est servi en salle de 19h à 22h'.
The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the confusion between the noun and the verb. While 'dinner' (noun) and 'to dine' (verb) are distinct in English, 'dîner' looks identical in both forms in French, except for the article. Always remember: le dîner is the meal, while dîner is the action. Another common error is the regional confusion mentioned previously. Using 'dîner' for the evening meal in Quebec will mark you as a foreigner (though you will be understood), as they prefer 'souper'.
Incorrect: Je vais préparer dîner.
Correct: Je vais préparer le dîner.
Gender is another pitfall. Dîner is masculine. Beginners often mistakenly use 'la' because they associate meals with 'la nourriture' (food), which is feminine. It is always un dîner or le dîner. Furthermore, don't confuse 'dîner' with 'déjeuner'. In France, 'déjeuner' is lunch. Saying 'Je t'invite à déjeuner ce soir' is a contradiction in terms that will confuse your host.
- Spelling Alert
- Note the circumflex accent on the 'î'. While the 1990 spelling reform allows 'diner' without the accent, 'dîner' remains the standard and most widely used form in literature and formal writing.
Several words are closely related to dîner, each with specific nuances. Le souper is the most direct alternative, used in Canada, Belgium, and Switzerland for the evening meal, and historically in France for a late-night meal after the theater. Le repas is the generic term for any meal, whether it's breakfast, lunch, or dinner. If you want to be less specific, 'le repas du soir' is a perfectly acceptable alternative to 'le dîner'.
- Synonyms & Related
- Un banquet (a feast/banquet), un festin (a feast), une collation (a snack/light meal), un buffet (a buffet dinner).
For a very formal or large dinner, you might use un banquet. If the meal is exceptionally delicious and abundant, it's un festin. On the other end of the spectrum, a casse-croûte or en-cas is a quick snack that is definitely not a dîner. Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right level of formality. For example, you wouldn't call a quick sandwich at your desk a 'dîner', even if you eat it at 8:00 PM; that would be a 'repas sur le pouce'.
Ce n'était pas un simple dîner, c'était un véritable festin !
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Partitive articles (du, de la, des)
Time prepositions (à, vers)
Adjective agreement
Passé composé with 'avoir'
Reflexive verbs in daily routines
レベル別の例文
Le dîner est sur la table.
Dinner is on the table.
Masculine noun 'le'.
Je mange mon dîner à 19h.
I eat my dinner at 7 PM.
Possessive 'mon' matches masculine 'dîner'.
C'est un bon dîner.
It is a good dinner.
Adjective 'bon' follows the noun.
Où est le dîner ?
Where is the dinner?
Question word 'où'.
J'aime le dîner avec ma famille.
I like dinner with my family.
Preposition 'avec'.
Le dîner est chaud.
The dinner is hot.
Adjective 'chaud'.
Tu prépares le dîner ?
Are you preparing dinner?
Present tense verb 'prépares'.
Voici le dîner.
Here is the dinner.
Presentative 'voici'.
Nous avons pris un dîner léger hier soir.
We had a light dinner last night.
Passé composé with 'avoir'.
Voulez-vous rester pour le dîner ?
Would you like to stay for dinner?
Inversion for question.
Le dîner de ce soir est du poulet.
Tonight's dinner is chicken.
Partitive article 'du'.
Elle n'aime pas finir son dîner trop tard.
She doesn't like to finish her dinner too late.
Negation 'ne...pas'.
C'est un dîner spécial pour son anniversaire.
It's a special dinner for her birthday.
Adjective 'spécial'.
On peut commander le dîner au restaurant.
We can order dinner at the restaurant.
Modal verb 'peut'.
Le dîner était délicieux, merci !
The dinner was delicious, thank you!
Imparfait for description.
Je dois acheter des légumes pour le dîner.
I must buy vegetables for dinner.
Verb 'devoir'.
Pendant mon enfance, le dîner était un moment sacré.
During my childhood, dinner was a sacred moment.
Imparfait for habit.
Si tu viens, je préparerai un dîner aux chandelles.
If you come, I will prepare a candlelit dinner.
Future tense in 'if' clause.
Le dîner se compose d'une entrée et d'un plat.
The dinner consists of a starter and a main course.
Pronominal verb 'se composer'.
Bien que le dîner soit prêt, personne n'a faim.
Although dinner is ready, no one is hungry.
Subjunctive after 'bien que'.
Il a oublié de me dire l'heure du dîner.
He forgot to tell me the dinner time.
Infinitive construction.
C'est le meilleur dîner que j'aie jamais mangé.
It's the best dinner I've ever eaten.
Subjunctive in superlative clause.
Après le dîner, nous irons faire une promenade.
After dinner, we will go for a walk.
Future tense.
Le dîner de gala demande une tenue correcte.
The gala dinner requires proper attire.
Formal vocabulary.
Le dîner d'affaires a permis de conclure le contrat.
The business dinner allowed the contract to be finalized.
Passé composé.
Il est rare que le dîner commence avant vingt heures en France.
It is rare for dinner to start before 8 PM in France.
Subjunctive after 'il est rare que'.
Le coût du dîner est inclus dans le prix de la chambre.
The cost of dinner is included in the room price.
Passive voice.
Elle a organisé un dîner de charité pour les orphelins.
She organized a charity dinner for orphans.
Compound noun 'dîner de charité'.
Le dîner s'est éternisé à cause des discussions politiques.
The dinner dragged on because of political discussions.
Pronominal verb 's'éterniser'.
On ne devrait pas sauter le dîner, c'est mauvais pour la santé.
One shouldn't skip dinner; it's bad for health.
Conditional for advice.
Le service du dîner commence à dix-neuf heures précises.
Dinner service begins at exactly 7 PM.
Noun 'service'.
Malgré un dîner copieux, il a encore pris un dessert.
Despite a hearty dinner, he still had dessert.
Preposition 'malgré'.
La mise en scène du dîner reflétait leur statut social.
The staging of the dinner reflected their social status.
Abstract noun 'mise en scène'.
Ce dîner fut le théâtre de révélations fracassantes.
This dinner was the setting for shocking revelations.
Passé simple 'fut'.
Il convient de respecter l'étiquette lors d'un dîner officiel.
It is appropriate to respect etiquette during an official dinner.
Formal 'il convient de'.
Le dîner s'achevait sur une note de nostalgie amère.
The dinner ended on a note of bitter nostalgia.
Literary 's'achever'.
L'importance du dîner dans la culture française est indéniable.
The importance of dinner in French culture is undeniable.
Adjective 'indéniable'.
Ils ont partagé un dîner frugal avant de reprendre la route.
They shared a frugal dinner before hitting the road again.
Adjective 'frugal'.
Le protocole exige que le dîner soit servi à la cloche.
Protocol requires that dinner be served under silver domes.
Subjunctive after 'exige que'.
Chaque convive a loué la finesse du dîner.
Each guest praised the finesse of the dinner.
Noun 'convive'.
Le dîner s'apparentait à une véritable symphonie de saveurs.
The dinner was akin to a true symphony of flavors.
Literary 's'apparenter à'.
Sous des dehors de dîner mondain, se cachait un complot.
Under the guise of a socialite dinner, a plot was hidden.
Inversion of subject.
La pérennité du dîner familial est menacée par l'individualisme.
The longevity of the family dinner is threatened by individualism.
Complex noun phrase.
Il a fait de ce dîner une tribune pour ses idées politiques.
He turned this dinner into a platform for his political ideas.
Metaphorical use of 'tribune'.
Le dîner pantagruélique a laissé les invités repus et somnolents.
The Pantagruelian dinner left the guests full and drowsy.
Adjective 'pantagruélique'.
Nul ne saurait nier l'élégance de ce dîner aux chandelles.
No one could deny the elegance of this candlelit dinner.
Le dîner fut interrompu par un coup de théâtre inattendu.
The dinner was interrupted by an unexpected dramatic turn.
Passé simple and idiom 'coup de théâtre'.
L'ordonnance du dîner suivait les préceptes de la haute gastronomie.
The arrangement of the dinner followed the precepts of haute cuisine.
Noun 'ordonnance'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
Dîner (to dine) vs Le dîner (the dinner).
Crucial distinction: Noon vs Evening.
-
French requires an article before the noun.
-
Dîner is masculine.
-
In France, the midday meal is 'déjeuner'.
-
While accepted, the accent is traditional and preferred.
-
Le dîner = the meal; Dîner = to eat.
ヒント
Wine Etiquette
During a formal dîner, wait for the host to pour the wine. Never fill your glass to the brim.
Article Usage
Unlike English 'Dinner is ready', always use the article: 'Le dîner est prêt'.
Courses
A standard dîner has at least three courses: entrée, plat, dessert.
Business
A 'dîner d'affaires' is more relaxed than a lunch but still requires professional decorum.
Travel
In Switzerland, if someone invites you to 'dîner' at 12:30, don't show up at 19:30!
Silent R
The 'r' at the end of 'dîner' is silent. It sounds like 'dee-nay'.
Preparation
Use the verb 'concocter' for a more sophisticated way to say you are preparing a dîner.
Bread
In a French dîner, bread is a side, not an appetizer. Don't eat it all before the food arrives.
Candlelight
Use 'dîner aux chandelles' for a romantic evening.
Informal
Use 'bouffe' only with close friends; it's quite informal.
暗記しよう
語源
Old French 'disner'
文化的な背景
Wine is usually served with dinner, but water (carafe d'eau) is always present.
If invited to a 'dîner', bring a small gift like flowers or wine, but never chrysanthemums (funeral flowers).
Keep hands on the table, never elbows. Bread is placed directly on the tablecloth, not the plate.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"Qu'est-ce que tu as mangé pour le dîner ?"
"À quelle heure est-ce que tu prends ton dîner d'habitude ?"
"Quel est ton plat préféré pour le dîner ?"
"Tu préfères un dîner léger ou copieux ?"
"Qui prépare le dîner chez toi ?"
日記のテーマ
Décrivez votre dîner idéal.
Racontez un dîner mémorable que vous avez eu.
Quelles sont les différences entre le dîner dans votre pays et en France ?
Qu'avez-vous préparé pour le dîner hier soir ?
Pourquoi le dîner est-il un moment important pour la famille ?
よくある質問
10 問In France, yes. In Quebec, Belgium, and Switzerland, it usually refers to the midday meal (lunch).
It is standard. While the 1990 reform allows 'diner', 'dîner' is much more common and preferred in formal writing.
It is a social event with drinks and small snacks that are substantial enough to replace a full dinner.
It is masculine: le dîner, un dîner.
You can say 'dîner' (verb) or 'prendre le dîner'.
Usually between 7:00 PM and 9:00 PM. Eating at 6:00 PM is considered very early.
Rarely. It sometimes refers to a very late meal after an event, but 'dîner' is the standard word for the evening meal.
Yes, 'les dîners', for example: 'Les dîners de famille sont longs'.
It is a famous French TV show where contestants host dinners for each other.
'Repas' is any meal; 'dîner' is specifically the evening meal (in France).
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Le dîner is more than just food; it is a central social institution in French culture, occurring in the evening in France but at midday in other Francophone regions, requiring an article and often involving multiple courses.
- Dîner refers to the evening meal in France, typically the most important social meal of the day.
- It is a masculine noun (le dîner) but can also function as a verb (dîner) meaning 'to dine'.
- Regional differences exist: in Quebec, Belgium, and Switzerland, it often means 'lunch'.
- A traditional French dinner is structured with multiple courses and emphasizes conversation.
Wine Etiquette
During a formal dîner, wait for the host to pour the wine. Never fill your glass to the brim.
Article Usage
Unlike English 'Dinner is ready', always use the article: 'Le dîner est prêt'.
Courses
A standard dîner has at least three courses: entrée, plat, dessert.
Business
A 'dîner d'affaires' is more relaxed than a lunch but still requires professional decorum.
例文
Le dîner est servi à 19h.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
foodの関連語
à base de
B1〜をベースにした、〜を主成分とする。
à la boulangerie
A2At the bakery.
à la carte
A2定食ではなく、メニューから単品で料理を注文すること。
à la charcuterie
A2At the deli; where cold meats and prepared foods are sold.
à la coque
A2Soft-boiled (for eggs).
à la demande
B1On demand; upon request.
à la poêle
A2フライパンで焼いた；フライパン調理の。
à la poissonnerie
A2At the fishmonger's; where fresh fish is sold.
à la vapeur
A2蒸気で調理されたもの。蒸し料理。
à l'apéritif
B1アペリティフ（食前酒）の時に。食事の前に出される飲み物や軽食について使います。
