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부과하다

B1 verb #3,500 よく出る 6分で読める

부과하다

bugwahada 上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント 부과하다 30秒で

解説 부과하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '부과하다' is a very difficult word because it is formal. However, you can think of it as a 'serious' way of saying 'to give' (주다). Imagine a teacher giving you a lot of homework. Instead of just 'giving' it, the teacher 'imposes' it because you have to do it. You might hear this word if you live in Korea and see a bill for your electricity. It basically means 'the government says you must pay this money.' Focus on the idea of 'Official Giving' of something hard or expensive.

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For A2 learners, '부과하다' starts to appear in contexts like school assignments and small fines. You should recognize that this word is different from '주다' (to give) because it involves an authority figure, like a teacher, a boss, or the police. If you park your car in the wrong place, the city will '부과' a fine (벌금) to you. It is a transitive verb, so you use it like this: [Authority] gives [Burden] to [Person]. The 'to [Person]' part uses the particle '-에게'.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use '부과하다' in formal writing or when discussing social issues. This word is essential for talking about taxes (세금), duties (의무), and penalties (과태료). You should also learn the passive form, '부과되다' (to be imposed). For example, '세금이 부과되었습니다' means 'The tax has been levied.' This level is where you distinguish '부과하다' (imposing a burden) from '부여하다' (granting a right). One is heavy (부과), one is often positive (부여).

B2 learners should understand the administrative and legal nuances of '부과하다'. It is frequently used in news reports about government policy, such as imposing sanctions on other countries or levying new types of taxes. You should be comfortable with collocations like '중과세하다' (to impose heavy taxes) which is a specific type of '부과'. You will also see it used in corporate settings where management '부과' responsibilities or targets to departments. The word implies a legitimate exercise of power.

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At the C1 level, you can appreciate the etymological depth of '부과하다'. The Hanja '賦' (Bu) relates to the distribution of resources or taxes, and '課' (Gwa) relates to a lesson or a quota. In C1 contexts, the word might be used philosophically—discussing the burdens '부과' by existence or society. You should be able to use it in academic essays regarding law, economics, or sociology. For instance, discussing the '부과 방식' (method of imposition) of a specific policy. It is also used in complex passive constructions in legal documents.

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C2 mastery involves using '부과하다' with precision in high-level discourse. You can distinguish between '부과' (imposition), '징수' (collection), and '납부' (payment). In a C2 context, you might discuss international law where an international body '부과' obligations on a sovereign state. You understand the subtle shift in tone when a writer uses '부과하다' instead of '강요하다' to describe a social expectation—one suggests a structural necessity, the other a brute force. You can use this word to navigate the most complex bureaucratic systems in Korea.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

부과하다 30秒で

부과하다 means 'to impose' or 'to levy' something mandatory, like a tax or a fine, by an official authority.
It is a formal word used in legal, governmental, and academic contexts, involving a top-down assignment of a burden.
Common objects include taxes (세금), fines (벌금), duties (의무), and homework (과제).
It is often used in the passive form '부과되다' to describe something being charged or levied.

The Korean verb 부과하다 (bugwahada) is a formal and administrative term that translates most accurately to 'to impose,' 'to levy,' or 'to charge.' While in English we might simply say we 'got a fine' or 'were given a task,' Korean utilizes 부과하다 to emphasize the official, authoritative, and often compulsory nature of the action. It is derived from the Hanja characters 賦 (tax/tribute) and 課 (task/lesson), combined with the active verb marker 하다. This etymological root immediately signals that the word is deeply tied to systems of governance, education, and legal responsibility.

Financial Context: This is the most common usage. It refers to the government or an institution officially setting an amount of money that must be paid. This includes taxes (세금), fines (벌금), and administrative penalties (과태료). When the National Tax Service calculates your income tax, they are performing the act of '부과'.
Duty and Responsibility: Beyond money, 부과하다 is used when an authority assigns a specific duty (의무) or a heavy responsibility (책임) to an individual or a group. For example, a captain might '부과' a specific mission to their soldiers, or a society might '부과' moral expectations on its leaders.
Educational Context: In academic settings, teachers '부과' homework (과제) or reading assignments. Using this word instead of '내주다' (to give out) adds a layer of formal requirement, suggesting that the work is a mandatory part of the curriculum.

정부는 환경 오염을 줄이기 위해 탄소세를 부과하기로 결정했습니다. (The government decided to impose a carbon tax to reduce environmental pollution.)

Example of a formal policy announcement using 부과하다.

The word carries a weight of 'burden.' While '주다' (to give) can be for gifts or neutral items, 부과하다 almost always involves something that requires effort, money, or compliance from the recipient. It is the language of contracts, laws, and official notices. If you see this word on a document in your mailbox, it usually means you owe the city or the government something—either your money or your time.

교수님은 이번 학기 마지막 프로젝트를 학생들에게 부과하셨다.

불법 주차를 하면 과태료가 부과됩니다.

Using 부과하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure. It is a transitive verb, meaning it needs a direct object—the thing being imposed—and often an indirect object—the person or entity upon whom the thing is imposed. The standard pattern is [Authority] + 이/가 + [Target] + 에/에게 + [Burden] + 을/를 + 부과하다.

The Passive Voice: 부과되다: In many cases, especially in news headlines or official notices, the passive form '부과되다' (to be imposed/levied) is used. This shifts the focus from the government to the fine or tax itself. For example, '세금이 부과되었다' (A tax was levied).
Direct Objects: Common objects include: 세금 (tax), 벌금 (fine), 과태료 (penalty), 의무 (duty), 과제 (task/assignment), 책임 (responsibility), and 형벌 (punishment).

시청은 규정을 어긴 업체에 영업 정지 처분을 부과했습니다.

Translation: The city hall imposed a business suspension order on the company that violated regulations.

When using 부과하다 in the context of 'tasks' or 'assignments', it sounds much more serious than '주다' (to give). If a teacher says '숙제를 부과하다', it implies a formal grading weight or a mandatory requirement for passing the course. In a corporate setting, a manager might 부과 tasks to a team during a high-stakes project.

모든 국민에게는 납세의 의무가 부과됩니다.

법원은 피고에게 500만 원의 벌금을 부과했다.

You are most likely to encounter 부과하다 in professional, legal, and news-related contexts. It is not a word you would use while chatting with friends over coffee, unless you are discussing a serious topic like taxes or government policy. However, understanding it is crucial for navigating life in Korea, as it appears on almost every official bill or legal document.

The Evening News (뉴스): Anchors often report on new laws. '정부는 다주택자들에게 더 높은 세율을 부과할 방침입니다' (The government plans to impose higher tax rates on multi-home owners). This is classic news register.
Apartment Notices (관리비 고지서): If you live in a Korean apartment (아파트), your monthly maintenance bill will use this word. It will list how the '관리비' (maintenance fee) was '부과' based on your usage of water, electricity, and heating.
University Syllabi (강의 계획서): A syllabus might state: '매주 읽기 과제가 부과될 예정입니다' (Reading assignments will be imposed/given every week). This sounds academic and rigorous.

연체료가 부과되지 않도록 납기일을 지켜주세요.

Common warning on utility bills: 'Please keep the payment date so that late fees are not imposed.'

In the digital world, you might see this in Terms of Service (이용 약관). If a user violates the terms, the platform might '부과' a penalty, such as a temporary ban or a restriction on features. The word '제재' (sanction) is often used alongside 부과하다 in these contexts.

국제 사회는 그 국가에 경제 제재를 부과하기로 합의했다.

Learning 부과하다 involves distinguishing it from other verbs that mean 'to give' or 'to assign.' Because 'impose' is a specific kind of giving, using it in the wrong context can make you sound very strange or overly aggressive.

Confusing 부과하다 with 부여하다 (Buyeohada): This is the most common mistake. 부여하다 means to 'grant' or 'bestow' something like a right, a meaning, or a title. 부과하다 is for burdens. You '부여' (grant) someone the right to vote, but you '부과' (impose) the duty to pay taxes. Don't swap them!
Using it for Positive Gifts: Never say '친구에게 선물을 부과했다' (I imposed a gift on my friend). Unless the gift is a burden (like a white elephant), use '주다' or '선물하다'. 부과하다 implies the recipient has no choice and the item is likely unwanted or heavy.
Particle Errors: Learners often forget that the 'target' needs -에게. They might try to use -을/를 for both the person and the tax. Always remember: [Person]에게 [Tax]를 부과하다.

❌ 의미를 부과하다 (Wrong)
✅ 의미를 부여하다 (Right - Grant meaning)

정부는 기업에 엄격한 환경 기준을 부과하고 있습니다.

To truly master 부과하다, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. Depending on the level of formality and the specific 'burden' being given, other words might be more appropriate.

지우다 (Jiuda) - To make someone carry: This is a more native Korean (pure Korean) way to say 'impose'. It literally means 'to make someone carry a load on their back'. It is used for '책임을 지우다' (to hold someone responsible). It feels slightly more personal or emotional than the administrative 부과하다.
매기다 (Maegida) - To set/charge: This word is often used for prices or grades. '가격을 매기다' (to set a price). While 부과하다 is about the act of imposing a tax, 매기다 is about the act of deciding the amount or value.
강요하다 (Gang-yohada) - To force: If the imposition is perceived as unfair or purely based on force rather than legal authority, '강요하다' might be used. 부과하다 is 'official force,' while 강요하다 is 'coercion'.

Word Context Nuance
부과하다 Tax, Fines, Official Tasks Administrative, Formal
부여하다 Rights, Meaning, Power Positive, Granting
지우다 Responsibility, Burden Personal, Heavy

Word	Context	Nuance
부과하다	Tax, Fines, Official Tasks	Administrative, Formal
부여하다	Rights, Meaning, Power	Positive, Granting
지우다	Responsibility, Burden	Personal, Heavy

In summary, choose 부과하다 when you want to sound like an official authority or when describing a legal/systemic requirement. It is the language of the 'system' interacting with the 'individual'.

그는 동료들에게 너무 많은 업무를 부과하는 경향이 있다.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character 賦 (Bu) is also the name of a type of classical Chinese literature (Rhapsody/Fu), which involves 'spreading out' words in a grand, descriptive way. The connection is the idea of 'distributing' or 'spreading' either taxes or words.

発音ガイド

UK bu.ɡwa.ɦa.da

US bu.ɡwa.ɦa.da

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but a slight emphasis may be placed on the first syllable '부'.

韻が合う語

통과하다 (tonggwahada - to pass) 부과되다 (bugwadoeda - to be imposed) 부여하다 (buyeohada - to grant) 불과하다 (bulgwahada - to be nothing more than) 사과하다 (sagwahada - to apologize) 부과 (bugwa - imposition) 효과 (hyogwa - effect) 결과 (gyeolgwa - result)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'gwa' as 'ga' (skipping the 'w' sound).
Pronouncing 'bu' with too much aspiration (sounding like 'pu').
Over-stressing the 'ha' syllable.
Mumbling the 'gwa' part so it sounds like 'gua'.
Failing to distinguish the 'b' from a 'p' sound.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and bills, but requires knowing Hanja-based vocabulary.

ライティング 5/5

Requires correct particle usage (-에게 vs -를) and formal tone.

スピーキング 6/5

Rarely used in casual speech; sounds very stiff if used incorrectly.

リスニング 4/5

Easily recognized in formal announcements or news clips.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

주다 세금 벌금 의무 정부

次に学ぶ

징수하다 납부하다 면제하다 부여하다

上級

조세 법률주의 행정 처분 징벌적 손해배상

知っておくべき文法

Passive Construction (-되다)

세금이 부과되었다.

Causative/Active (-하다)

정부가 세금을 부과했다.

Dative Particle (-에게/에)

회사에 벌금을 부과하다.

Object Particle (-을/를)

의무를 부과하다.

Honorifics (-시-)

교수님께서 과제를 부과하셨다.

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レベル別の例文

선생님이 숙제를 부과했어요.

The teacher assigned homework.

Simple past tense of 부과하다.

정부가 세금을 부과해요.

The government imposes taxes.

Present tense with a formal subject.

벌금을 부과하지 마세요.

Please don't impose a fine.

-지 마세요 (prohibition).

누가 이 일을 부과했나요?

Who assigned this task?

Interrogative form.

나에게 숙제를 부과해요.

(They) assign homework to me.

Use of -에게 for the recipient.

벌금이 부과되었어요.

A fine was imposed.

Passive form 부과되다.

과제를 부과하고 싶어요.

I want to assign a task.

-고 싶다 (desire).

부과하는 것이 힘들어요.

Imposing (it) is difficult.

-는 것 (nominalization).

시청은 불법 주차에 벌금을 부과합니다.

The city hall imposes fines for illegal parking.

Formal present tense.

학교는 학생들에게 많은 의무를 부과한다.

The school imposes many duties on students.

Plain style (-ㄴ다).

새로운 세금을 부과할 거예요.

They will impose a new tax.

Future tense -(으)ㄹ 거예요.

관리비를 너무 많이 부과했어요.

They charged too much maintenance fee.

Past tense with 'too much' (너무 많이).

이 벌금은 누가 부과했습니까?

Who imposed this fine?

Formal interrogative -습니까.

그는 나에게 책임을 부과했다.

He imposed the responsibility on me.

Abstract object 'responsibility'.

부과된 세금을 내야 해요.

I have to pay the imposed tax.

Passive participle + -어야 하다.

수수료를 부과하기 시작했어요.

They started imposing a fee.

-기 시작하다 (start to).

정부는 부유층에게 더 많은 세금을 부과할 방침이다.

The government plans to impose more taxes on the wealthy.

Noun + 방침이다 (plan/policy).

환경을 오염시키는 기업에 과태료를 부과해야 합니다.

We must impose fines on companies that pollute the environment.

Relative clause + -어야 합니다.

연체료가 부과되지 않도록 주의하십시오.

Please be careful so that late fees are not imposed.

-지 않도록 (so that ... not).

법원은 피고에게 징역형을 부과했다.

The court imposed a prison sentence on the defendant.

Legal context.

모든 회원에게 같은 회비를 부과하기로 했습니다.

We decided to impose the same membership fee on all members.

-기로 하다 (decide to).

그 정책은 서민들에게 큰 부담을 부과한다.

That policy imposes a great burden on ordinary people.

Abstract burden (부담).

추가 비용이 부과될 수 있으니 확인하세요.

Additional costs may be imposed, so please check.

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 (possibility).

일방적으로 업무를 부과하는 것은 공정하지 않다.

Imposing work unilaterally is not fair.

Adverb 'unilaterally' (일방적으로).

수입품에 높은 관세를 부과하여 국내 산업을 보호한다.

Protect domestic industry by imposing high tariffs on imports.

-아/어(서) to indicate means/reason.

위반 정도에 따라 차등적인 벌금을 부과합니다.

Fines are imposed differentially depending on the degree of violation.

-에 따라 (according to).

정당한 사유 없이 과도한 세금을 부과할 수 없다.

Excessive taxes cannot be imposed without justifiable cause.

Double negation for emphasis of impossibility.

유엔은 그 국가에 강력한 경제 제재를 부과했다.

The UN imposed strong economic sanctions on that country.

International relations context.

개인 정보 유출 시 막대한 과징금이 부과될 수 있습니다.

Huge fines may be imposed in case of personal information leakage.

-시 (at the time of/in case of).

교수는 학생들에게 창의적인 해결책을 찾으라는 과제를 부과했다.

The professor assigned a task to the students to find creative solutions.

-라는 (indirect command in relative clause).

사회적 책임을 부과하는 목소리가 높아지고 있다.

Voices calling for imposing social responsibility are rising.

-는 목소리가 높아지다 (idiomatic expression).

허위 광고에 대해 시정 명령을 부과했다.

A corrective order was imposed regarding the false advertisement.

-에 대해 (about/regarding).

징벌적 손해배상을 부과함으로써 기업의 부도덕한 행위를 억제한다.

Deter immoral corporate behavior by imposing punitive damages.

-(으)ㅁ으로써 (by doing/means).

납세자에게 부당하게 부과된 세금은 취소될 수 있다.

Taxes unfairly imposed on taxpayers can be canceled.

Adverb 'unfairly' (부당하게) + passive participle.

전쟁 범죄자들에게 엄중한 형벌을 부과하는 것이 정의다.

It is justice to impose severe punishment on war criminals.

Adjective 'severe' (엄중한).

입법부는 행정부에 새로운 규제 권한을 부과하지 않기로 했다.

The legislature decided not to impose new regulatory powers on the executive branch.

Political terminology.

문화적 가치를 부과하는 방식은 시대마다 다르다.

The way cultural values are imposed varies by era.

Abstract application of 부과하다.

그 조약은 체결국들에게 상호적인 의무를 부과한다.

The treaty imposes mutual obligations on the signatory countries.

Treaty terminology (체결국, 상호적).

탄소 배출권 거래제는 배출 한도를 부과하여 환경을 보호한다.

The carbon emissions trading system protects the environment by imposing emission limits.

Environmental economics context.

지나친 도덕적 잣대를 부과하는 것은 개인의 자유를 침해할 수 있다.

Imposing excessive moral standards can infringe upon individual freedom.

Social philosophy context.

조세 법률주의에 의거하여, 법률의 근거 없이 세금을 부과할 수 없다.

Based on the principle of no taxation without law, taxes cannot be imposed without a legal basis.

-에 의거하여 (based on/pursuant to).

국제법상 인도주의적 개입은 특정 국가에 의무를 부과하는 논쟁적인 사안이다.

In international law, humanitarian intervention is a controversial issue that imposes obligations on specific countries.

Academic/Legal register.

해당 법안은 플랫폼 사업자에게 강력한 관리 감독 책임을 부과하는 것을 골자로 한다.

The bill's main point is to impose strong management and supervision responsibilities on platform operators.

...을/를 골자로 한다 (The main point is...).

역사적 트라우마는 후대에게 해결되지 않은 과제를 부과하기도 한다.

Historical trauma sometimes imposes unresolved tasks on future generations.

Metaphorical usage.

정부는 시장의 자율성을 존중하면서도 최소한의 개입을 부과해야 하는 딜레마에 빠졌다.

The government is in a dilemma of having to respect market autonomy while imposing minimal intervention.

Complex clausal structure.

사법부는 형벌의 부과가 범죄 예방에 미치는 영향을 다각도로 검토했다.

The judiciary reviewed the impact of the imposition of punishment on crime prevention from various angles.

Noun form '부과' as a subject.

사회 계약설은 국가와 개인 사이에 상호 권리와 의무를 부과하는 체계로 이해된다.

Social contract theory is understood as a system that imposes mutual rights and duties between the state and the individual.

Political philosophy.

부당한 과세 처분에 대해 불복 절차를 밟아 부과 취소를 이끌어냈다.

An appeal process was taken against the unfair taxation disposition, leading to the cancellation of the imposition.

Administrative litigation terminology.

類義語

매기다 지우다 할당하다 내리다 집행하다

反対語

면제하다 취소하다

よく使う組み合わせ

세금을 부과하다

벌금을 부과하다

과태료를 부과하다

의무를 부과하다

과제를 부과하다

책임을 부과하다

제재를 부과하다

부담을 부과하다

형벌을 부과하다

관세를 부과하다

よく使うフレーズ

부과 대상

— The target or person subject to the imposition. Often seen on tax documents.

이 세금의 부과 대상은 누구입니까?

부과 기준

— The criteria or standards used to determine the amount of tax or fine.

과태료 부과 기준이 강화되었습니다.

부과 금액

— The total amount of money that has been imposed/charged.

이번 달 관리비 부과 금액을 확인하세요.

부과 처분

— The official administrative disposition of imposing something.

세금 부과 처분에 대해 항의했다.

부과 방식

— The method or system used to impose a burden.

우리는 새로운 업무 부과 방식을 도입했다.

부과 일자

— The date on which the imposition was officially made.

고지서에 적힌 부과 일자를 확인하십시오.

부당 부과

— Unfair or illegal imposition of a tax or penalty.

부당 부과된 벌금을 돌려받았다.

일괄 부과

— Imposing something on everyone at once or in a lump sum.

회비를 일괄 부과하기로 결정했다.

차등 부과

— Imposing different amounts based on specific conditions.

소득에 따라 세금을 차등 부과한다.

부과 고지서

— A written notice of an imposition (tax bill, fine notice).

부과 고지서를 우편으로 받았습니다.

よく混同される語

부과하다 vs 부여하다

부여하다 is for granting rights/meaning; 부과하다 is for imposing burdens/taxes.

부과하다 vs 징수하다

부과하다 is the act of charging; 징수하다 is the act of collecting the money.

부과하다 vs 부탁하다

부탁하다 is a polite request; 부과하다 is a mandatory command.

慣用句と表現

"짐을 부과하다"

— To place a heavy burden (literal or metaphorical) on someone.

그는 어린 동생에게 가계의 짐을 부과했다.

Literary

"멍에를 부과하다"

— To impose a yoke; to force someone into a state of subservience or heavy duty.

식민 지배는 민족에게 큰 멍에를 부과했다.

Literary/Historical

"족쇄를 부과하다"

— To impose shackles; to severely restrict someone's freedom through rules.

정부는 언론에 무거운 족쇄를 부과하려 했다.

Metaphorical

"굴레를 부과하다"

— To impose a bridle/restraint; to limit someone's potential or actions.

사회적 통념이 여성들에게 굴레를 부과하던 시절이 있었다.

Social/Critical

"세금을 때리다"

— Slang/Informal way to say 'to hit with a tax' (to impose a heavy tax).

정부가 담배에 세금을 엄청 때렸어.

Slang

"덤터기를 부과하다"

— To unfairly shift a large amount of blame or work onto someone.

팀장은 나에게 모든 실패의 덤터기를 부과했다.

Informal

"숙제를 던져주다"

— To 'throw' homework at someone; a casual way of saying 'assigning a task'.

부장님이 주말 직전에 큰 숙제를 던져주셨다.

Informal

"벌을 내리다"

— To hand down a punishment; similar to 부과하다 but sounds more like a judgment.

하늘이 벌을 내린 것 같다.

General

"책임을 묻다"

— To hold someone accountable; often follows the act of '부과'ing responsibility.

사고가 나면 누구에게 책임을 물을 것인가?

Formal

"의무를 지우다"

— To make someone carry a duty; the most common native alternative to 부과하다.

자식에게 효도의 의무를 지우지 마라.

Neutral

間違えやすい

부과하다 vs 부여하다

Both start with '부' and mean 'to give' in a formal way.

부여하다 (Grant) is usually positive or neutral (rights, meaning). 부과하다 (Impose) is always a burden (tax, duty).

권리를 부여하고 의무를 부과한다.

부과하다 vs 과하다

It's a shortened version of 부과하다 in legal contexts.

과하다 is specifically used in court sentences ('벌을 과하다'), while 부과하다 is broader.

피고에게 벌금을 과한다.

부과하다 vs 지우다

Both mean to make someone take on a task.

지우다 is a native Korean word and feels more personal/heavy. 부과하다 is Sino-Korean and administrative.

책임을 지우다 vs 세금을 부과하다.

부과하다 vs 매기다

Both involve deciding an amount.

매기다 is about evaluation (grades, prices). 부과하다 is about the authority charging that amount.

점수를 매기다 vs 벌금을 부과하다.

부과하다 vs 강요하다

Both involve making someone do something.

강요하다 is 'forcing' (often illegally or socially), while 부과하다 is 'imposing' (officially/legally).

기부를 강요하다 vs 세금을 부과하다.

文型パターン

[Subject]이/가 [Object]를 부과하다

정부가 세금을 부과한다.

[Target]에게 [Object]를 부과하다

그는 나에게 일을 부과했다.

[Object]이/가 부과되다

벌금이 부과되었다.

[Reason]으로 인해 [Object]가 부과되다

연체로 인해 연체료가 부과되었다.

[Object]를 부과할 방침이다

정부는 관세를 부과할 방침이다.

[Object]의 부과를 취소하다

법원은 세금 부과를 취소했다.

[Target]에 대한 [Object] 부과

기업에 대한 과징금 부과가 결정되었다.

[Principle]에 따라 [Object]를 부과하다

법률에 따라 형벌을 부과한다.

語族

名詞

부과 (imposition/levy)

부과금 (levy/surcharge)

부과액 (amount levied)

動詞

부과하다 (to impose)

부과되다 (to be imposed/passive)

形容詞

부과적인 (impositional - rare)

使い方

frequency

High in news/legal, Low in daily conversation.

よくある間違い

Using 부과하다 for rights. → 부여하다
You don't 'impose' a right; you 'grant' it. '권리를 부여하다' is correct.
Using the wrong particle for the target. → [Target]에게 [Object]를
Learners often use [Target]를, but it must be [Target]에게/에 because the object is being 'directed' to them.
Using it for gifts. → 주다 / 선물하다
Gifts are positive; 부과하다 is for burdens. Don't 'impose' a birthday present.
Confusing it with 부구하다 (rare word). → 부과하다
Be careful with spelling. One letter changes the meaning entirely.
Using it for 'giving a name'. → 짓다 / 부여하다
Names are granted or made, not imposed as a burden (usually).

ヒント

Context is King

Only use '부과하다' when there is a clear authority-subject relationship. Using it with a spouse or friend will sound like you are acting like a dictator.

Passive vs Active

In news, you will see '부과되다' 70% of the time. Focus on recognizing the passive form first.

The Tax Rule

Whenever you see the word '세금' (tax), '부과하다' is almost always the verb that follows it in formal writing.

Apartment Life

Check your Korean apartment maintenance bill. You will see the word '부과' every single month.

Essay Power

Using '부과하다' in a TOPIK II essay about social duties will instantly raise your vocabulary score.

Hanja Link

Remember '과' as in '과제' (homework). '부과' is 'giving homework' (or a task) officially.

Stiff Tone

If you want to sound very serious and professional, use this word. If you want to be friendly, avoid it.

Fines

There are two types of fines: '벌금' (criminal fine) and '과태료' (administrative fine). Both use '부과하다'.

Direction

It always moves from High (Authority) to Low (Subject). It never moves sideways or upwards.

Exemption

The opposite is '면제하다'. Memorize them as a pair: 부과 (Impose) vs 면제 (Exempt).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'BU' in 'BUrden' and the 'GWA' in 'Go Away'. When the government 'BU-GWA's a tax, it's a 'Burden' you wish would 'Go Away'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant stamp (the authority) slamming down on a piece of paper (the tax bill) that is then handed to a person who looks like they are carrying a heavy rock.

Word Web

Tax Fine Duty Authority Burden Government Law Requirement

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your daily life that are '부과'ed on you. Is it a tax on your coffee? A chore from your partner? An assignment from your boss? Write them down using [Subject] + 에게 + [Object] + 을/를 부과하다.

語源

Derived from the Hanja characters 賦 (부) and 課 (과). 賦 means 'to give', 'to spread', or 'to tax'. 課 means 'to task', 'to levy', or 'to examine'.

元の意味： The original meaning in Classical Chinese was to determine the amount of tribute or tax to be given to the ruler and to assign the specific tasks to the people.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-derived).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this word with friends or subordinates; it can sound very authoritative and cold. In a workplace, '요청하다' (to request) or '부탁하다' (to ask a favor) are safer for maintaining good relationships.

In English-speaking cultures, 'imposing' often has a negative social connotation (e.g., 'I don't want to impose on you'). In Korean, '부과하다' is strictly administrative and lacks that specific 'social awkwardness' nuance unless used metaphorically.

The Korean Constitution (Articles on taxation and duties). News headlines during the 'Comprehensive Real Estate Tax' (종합부동산세) debates. Historical dramas (Sageuk) where officials discuss '부세' (taxation) on the peasantry.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Taxation

소득세 부과
부가가치세 부과
세금을 부과하다
절세 방법

Legal Penalties

벌금을 부과하다
과태료 부과 대상
형벌 부과
집행 유예

Academic

과제를 부과하다
학점을 부과하다 (rare)
의무 교육
제출 기한

Corporate/Work

업무 부과
책임을 부과하다
목표치 부과
인센티브

International Relations

경제 제재 부과
관세 부과
의무 이행
조약 체결

会話のきっかけ

"이번 달 아파트 관리비가 얼마나 부과되었나요?"

"정부가 탄소세를 부과하는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"교수님이 주말 동안 너무 많은 과제를 부과하신 것 같아요."

"불법 주차를 하면 벌금이 얼마나 부과되는지 아세요?"

"기업에 더 엄격한 환경 책임을 부과해야 할까요?"

日記のテーマ

내가 살면서 가장 무겁게 느껴졌던 '부과된 의무'는 무엇이었는지 써보세요.

정부가 설탕이 많이 든 음료에 '설탕세'를 부과해야 한다고 생각하나요? 그 이유는?

학교 교육에서 학생들에게 과제를 부과하는 것이 학습에 정말 도움이 된다고 생각하는지 논하세요.

만약 당신이 왕이라면, 백성들에게 어떤 세금을 부과하고 싶나요? (재미있는 상상)

사회적 책임을 기업에 부과하는 것이 경제 발전에 독이 될까요, 약이 될까요?

よくある質問

10 問

No. 부과하다 is only for burdens, like taxes or tasks. For gifts, use '주다' or '선물하다'.

Rarely. It's mostly found in news, documents, or formal speeches. In conversation, people usually say '세금이 나왔다' (The tax came out) or '벌금을 냈다' (I paid a fine).

부과 is the act of the government saying 'You owe $100.' 징수 is the act of the government actually taking that $100 from you.

Yes, in a formal context like a syllabus or when speaking strictly. '과제를 부과하다' is a common academic phrase.

You can say '벌금이 부과되었어요' (A fine was imposed) or '벌금을 받았어요' (I received a fine).

Generally, yes, because it involves a burden. However, it's 'neutral' in the sense that it's a necessary part of a functioning society (like taxes).

Use '-에게' for people and '-에' for organizations. Example: '학생들에게 과제를 부과하다'.

Yes, 賦 (Bu - tax) and 課 (Gwa - task). Knowing this helps remember it's about taxes and tasks.

No, for that use '강요하다' (to force) or '주입하다' (to instill/inject).

'물리다' is a more native, slightly less formal way to say 'to charge a fine'. '벌금을 물리다' is common in speech.

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