상쇄하다 30秒で
- To offset or cancel out an effect with an equal and opposite force.
- Used when one thing balances or neutralizes another.
- Common in economics, finance, and environmental contexts.
- Implies achieving equilibrium through counteraction.
- Core Meaning
- To counteract or nullify the effect of something by introducing an equal and opposite force, quantity, or influence.
- Nuance
- It implies a balancing act, where one thing diminishes or cancels out another. This can be applied in various contexts, from financial transactions to physical forces to abstract concepts like arguments or emotions.
- Applications
- In economics, it's used when one economic factor cancels out another (e.g., a tax cut offsetting increased government spending). In physics, it describes forces that balance each other. In communication, it can mean refuting an argument with a counter-argument. It's also used in discussions about environmental impact, where efforts are made to offset pollution.
새로운 규제는 기존의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위해 도입되었습니다.
그녀는 그의 비판을 칭찬으로 상쇄하려고 노력했습니다.
긍정적인 투자는 위험을 상쇄할 수 있습니다.
- Financial Context
- In finance, it's common to hear about how investments, tax policies, or economic measures are designed to '상쇄하다' certain effects. For instance, a government might implement a stimulus package to '상쇄하다' the negative impact of a recession. Similarly, a company might use tax credits to '상쇄하다' its taxable income.
- Environmental Context
- In environmental discussions, '상쇄하다' refers to efforts to balance out negative environmental impacts. For example, planting trees can help '상쇄하다' carbon emissions from industrial activities. This concept is crucial in sustainability efforts and carbon offsetting programs.
- Legal and Argumentative Contexts
- Legally, a contract clause might aim to '상쇄하다' potential liabilities. In debates or arguments, a strong counter-argument can '상쇄하다' the impact of an initial point. It's about neutralizing or minimizing the effect of something unfavorable with something favorable or equal in force.
- Verb Conjugation
- '상쇄하다' is a regular verb. It follows standard conjugation patterns. The infinitive form is '상쇄하다'. Common conjugations include: '상쇄해요' (polite informal), '상쇄합니다' (formal), '상쇄했다' (past tense), '상쇄할 것이다' (future tense), and '상쇄하는' (present participle).
- Sentence Structure
- The typical structure is: [Subject] + [Object] + '을/를' + '상쇄하다'. The subject is the entity that performs the offsetting action, and the object is what is being offset. For example, '정부는 경제 위기를 상쇄하기 위해 노력했다.' (The government tried to offset the economic crisis.)
- Using with Nouns
- It often combines with nouns that represent negative impacts, costs, or forces. Examples include: '손실을 상쇄하다' (to offset losses), '비용을 상쇄하다' (to offset costs), '부정적인 영향을 상쇄하다' (to offset negative impacts), '위험을 상쇄하다' (to offset risks), '채무를 상쇄하다' (to offset debt).
이 새로운 기술은 환경 오염의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하는 데 도움이 될 것입니다.
그녀는 과거의 실수를 만회하기 위해 최선을 다해 노력했고, 이는 결국 그들의 관계에 긍정적인 영향을 상쇄했습니다.
- Expressions with '상쇄하다'
- Common expressions include: '비용을 상쇄하다' (to offset costs), '손실을 상쇄하다' (to offset losses), '부정적인 영향을 상쇄하다' (to offset negative impacts), '상쇄 효과' (offsetting effect), '상쇄하다' in the context of arguments or debates meaning to counter or neutralize.
- Grammatical Endings
- The verb can be used with various grammatical endings to fit the context. For instance, '-기 위해' (in order to offset), '-는 데 도움이 되다' (to help offset), '-ㄹ 수 있다' (can offset), '-지 못하다' (cannot offset).
- News and Economic Reports
- You'll frequently encounter '상쇄하다' in news articles, economic analyses, and financial reports. Discussions about inflation, government spending, taxation, trade deficits, and economic growth often use this term to describe how one economic factor affects another. For instance, a report might state that increased exports are helping to '상쇄하다' a widening trade deficit.
- Environmental Discussions
- Environmental science and policy discussions frequently use '상쇄하다'. This includes topics like carbon offsetting, reforestation efforts to '상쇄하다' industrial emissions, or the impact of conservation projects designed to '상쇄하다' habitat loss. You might hear it in documentaries, academic papers, or public service announcements about sustainability.
- Business and Management
- In business contexts, '상쇄하다' is used when discussing strategies to mitigate risks, balance budgets, or neutralize the effects of competition. For example, a company might implement cost-saving measures to '상쇄하다' a drop in revenue, or a marketing campaign designed to '상쇄하다' negative publicity.
- Academic and Scientific Papers
- In academic research across various fields like physics, chemistry, economics, and psychology, '상쇄하다' is used to describe phenomena where opposing forces or factors balance each other out. For example, in physics, you might read about forces that '상쇄하다' each other, or in psychology, about defense mechanisms that '상쇄하다' anxiety.
- Legal and Policy Debates
- In legal discussions or policy-making, '상쇄하다' can refer to measures that neutralize or balance out certain effects. For instance, a new law might be introduced to '상쇄하다' the unintended consequences of a previous regulation. It's also used when discussing how certain penalties or benefits might '상쇄하다' each other.
정부는 인플레이션 압력을 상쇄하기 위해 금리 인상을 고려하고 있습니다.
회사는 신제품 개발 비용을 상쇄하기 위한 새로운 마케팅 전략을 발표했습니다.
- Confusing with Similar Meanings
- Learners might confuse '상쇄하다' with words that simply mean 'to reduce' or 'to compensate'. While compensation can be a way to offset something, '상쇄하다' specifically implies an equal and opposite force or effect that cancels out the original. For example, '보상하다' (to compensate) might involve giving money to make up for a loss, but '상쇄하다' means the loss itself is nullified by another factor.
- Incorrect Object Usage
- A common mistake is using '상쇄하다' with an object that doesn't represent an opposing force or effect. For instance, saying '기쁨을 상쇄하다' (to offset joy) would be unusual unless there's a specific context where joy is being deliberately nullified by an equal amount of sorrow. The word is best used for neutralising negative impacts, costs, risks, or arguments.
- Overuse in Casual Conversation
- '상쇄하다' is a relatively formal and technical term. While it can be used in slightly less formal contexts, it's generally not a word you'd use in everyday casual chat. Using it too frequently in informal settings might sound unnatural or overly academic. Simpler verbs might be more appropriate.
- Grammatical Errors
- Like any verb, '상쇄하다' can be subject to grammatical errors, especially with particles and conjugations. For example, incorrectly attaching the object particle '을/를' or using the wrong verb ending can lead to confusion. Ensuring the correct grammatical structure is vital for clear communication.
Incorrect: 그의 농담은 분위기를 상쇄했다. (His joke offset the atmosphere.)
Correct: 그의 농담은 분위기를 망쳤다 / 어색하게 만들었다. (His joke ruined the atmosphere / made the atmosphere awkward.)
Incorrect: 나는 그에게 사과로 상쇄했다. (I offset him with an apology.)
Correct: 나는 그에게 사과하여 그의 기분을 풀어주려 했다. (I tried to appease him by apologizing.) / 그의 화를 가라앉히기 위해 사과했다. (I apologized to calm his anger.)
- 보상하다 (bosanghada) - To compensate
- '보상하다' means to give something (often money or goods) to make up for a loss, damage, or effort. It's about providing recompense. '상쇄하다' is about neutralizing an effect with an equal and opposite one. You might '보상하다' someone for a loss, but a new policy might '상쇄하다' the negative economic impact of that loss.
- 무효화하다 (muhyohwahada) - To nullify, invalidate
- '무효화하다' means to make something void or of no effect, often by legal or formal means. While '상쇄하다' can lead to a state of being nullified, '무효화하다' focuses on the act of declaring something invalid. For example, a contract can be '무효화되다' (nullified), but a business strategy might '상쇄하다' a competitor's advantage.
- 균형을 맞추다 (gyunhyeong-eul matchuda) - To balance
- '균형을 맞추다' means to bring something into balance or equilibrium. '상쇄하다' is a specific way to achieve balance by neutralizing opposing forces. You can '균형을 맞추다' by various means, and '상쇄하다' is one of them. For example, a government might try to '균형을 맞추다' its budget by cutting spending, or '상쇄하다' inflation with monetary policy.
- 상쇄 효과 (sangswe hyogwa) - Offsetting effect
- This is a noun phrase directly related to the verb. It refers to the effect of something that cancels out or counterbalances another effect. For example, '친환경 정책의 상쇄 효과는 아직 불확실하다.' (The offsetting effect of the environmental policy is still uncertain.)
- 중화하다 (junghwahada) - To neutralize
- '중화하다' is very similar to '상쇄하다', often used in chemical contexts (neutralizing an acid) but also metaphorically. It means to counteract the harmful or undesirable qualities of something. '상쇄하다' often has a broader application in economic and abstract contexts, focusing on equal and opposite forces.
- Comparison Table
Word Meaning Key Difference 상쇄하다 To offset, counterbalance Equal and opposite effect cancels out the original. 보상하다 To compensate Giving something to make up for loss/damage. 무효화하다 To nullify, invalidate Making something legally or formally void. 중화하다 To neutralize Counteracting harmful qualities, often chemically.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
While the Hanja '쇄(損)' originally implies damage or loss, the verb '상쇄하다' has taken on a more abstract meaning of neutralization and balancing. This is a common linguistic phenomenon where the usage of a word evolves over time from a more concrete meaning to a more abstract one, especially when combined with other characters or used in specific contexts.
発音ガイド
- Mispronouncing the 'ae' sound in '쇄' (swae).
- Not emphasizing the nasal 'ng' sound in '상' (sang).
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after the 'ng'.
難易度
CEFR B2 level. The word '상쇄하다' is used in contexts that often involve abstract concepts, economic or scientific principles, and complex cause-and-effect relationships. Understanding these requires a good grasp of vocabulary and sentence structures common at this level. Texts using this word are typically found in news articles, academic papers, and professional reports.
CEFR B2 level. While the basic conjugation is straightforward, using '상쇄하다' accurately requires understanding its nuanced meaning and appropriate contexts. Learners need to be careful not to overuse it in casual settings or confuse it with similar words. Constructing sentences that effectively convey the idea of offsetting requires careful vocabulary and grammatical choices.
CEFR B2 level. Spontaneously using '상쇄하다' in conversation requires confidence and a good understanding of its context. It's more likely to appear in discussions about economics, policy, or complex problem-solving rather than everyday chat. Learners might need practice in using it appropriately in role-plays or debates.
CEFR B2 level. Recognizing '상쇄하다' in spoken Korean requires familiarity with its pronunciation and common contexts. It's often heard in formal presentations, news broadcasts, or documentaries discussing complex topics. Learners need to listen for the specific meaning of neutralization or balancing.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Object Particles (을/를)
The object being offset is marked with the particle '을' or '를'. For example, in '비용을 상쇄하다' (to offset costs), '비용' (costs) is the object.
Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)
The polite informal present tense is '상쇄해요'. The formal present tense is '상쇄합니다'. The past tense is '상쇄했어요' or '상쇄했습니다'.
Purpose Clause (-기 위해)
To express the purpose of offsetting, use '-기 위해'. For example, '손실을 상쇄하기 위해 노력했다.' (He tried to offset the losses.)
Passive Voice (-되다)
The passive form '상쇄되다' means 'to be offset'. For example, '그의 실수는 노력으로 상쇄되었다.' (His mistakes were offset by his efforts.)
Expressing Ability (-ㄹ/을 수 있다)
To express the ability to offset, use '-ㄹ/을 수 있다'. For example, '이것은 위험을 상쇄할 수 있다.' (This can offset the risks.)
レベル別の例文
회사는 손실을 줄이기 위해 비용을 상쇄하기로 결정했습니다.
The company decided to offset costs to reduce losses.
The particle '을/를' is used with '상쇄하기' to indicate what is being offset.
좋은 소식이 나쁜 소식을 상쇄하기를 바랍니다.
We hope the good news will offset the bad news.
The structure 'A가 B를 상쇄하다' (A offsets B) is common. Here, '좋은 소식' (good news) is the implied subject.
그의 칭찬은 그녀의 노력을 상쇄하기에 충분했습니다.
His praise was enough to offset her efforts.
The verb is in the '-기에 충분하다' (to be enough to...) structure.
이번 투자는 위험을 상쇄할 수 있을까요?
Can this investment offset the risks?
'상쇄할 수 있을까요?' is a question asking about the possibility of offsetting.
환경 보호 활동은 산업 발달의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위해 중요합니다.
Environmental protection activities are important to offset the negative impacts of industrial development.
The phrase 'A의 영향을 상쇄하다' (to offset the impact of A) is frequently used.
정부는 세금 감면으로 지출 증가를 상쇄하려 했습니다.
The government tried to offset the increase in spending with tax cuts.
'-려 하다' indicates an intention or attempt to do something.
그는 자신의 실수를 상쇄하기 위해 더 열심히 일했습니다.
He worked harder to offset his mistakes.
The structure 'A를 상쇄하기 위해 B하다' (To offset A, B is done) is common.
이러한 노력은 잠재적인 문제를 상쇄할 것입니다.
These efforts will offset potential problems.
The future tense '-ㄹ 것입니다' is used.
정부는 경기 침체의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위해 추가적인 재정 부양책을 발표했습니다.
The government announced additional fiscal stimulus measures to offset the negative impacts of the economic recession.
The phrase '부정적인 영향을 상쇄하다' (to offset negative impacts) is very common in economic contexts.
그의 반박은 상대방 주장의 설득력을 완전히 상쇄했습니다.
His rebuttal completely offset the persuasiveness of the opponent's argument.
'완전히 상쇄하다' (to completely offset) emphasizes the totality of the counteraction.
이러한 사소한 장점들이 그 큰 단점을 상쇄하기는 어려울 것입니다.
It will be difficult for these minor advantages to offset that major disadvantage.
'-기는 어려울 것입니다' (it will be difficult to...) expresses uncertainty about the offsetting action.
회사는 탄소 배출량을 상쇄하기 위해 대규모 조림 사업을 시작했습니다.
The company launched a large-scale afforestation project to offset its carbon emissions.
This sentence highlights an environmental application of '상쇄하다'.
새로운 규정은 기존의 불편함을 상쇄할 만한 충분한 이점을 제공해야 합니다.
The new regulation must provide sufficient benefits to offset the existing inconveniences.
'-ㄹ 만한 충분한 이점을 제공하다' (to provide sufficient benefits to...) is a common construction.
그는 자신의 과오를 상쇄하기 위해 자원봉사에 헌신했습니다.
He dedicated himself to volunteer work to offset his past wrongdoings.
'과오를 상쇄하다' (to offset wrongdoings/mistakes) is a common phrase.
예상치 못한 비용 증가를 상쇄하기 위해 예산을 재조정해야 했습니다.
We had to readjust the budget to offset the unexpected increase in costs.
'비용 증가를 상쇄하다' (to offset cost increases) is a typical business scenario.
그의 긍정적인 태도는 팀의 사기를 상쇄하는 데 큰 역할을 했습니다.
His positive attitude played a significant role in offsetting the team's low morale.
The present participle '-는 데 큰 역할을 하다' (to play a big role in...) is used.
통화 정책의 긴축은 인플레이션 압력을 상쇄하기 위한 것이었으나, 경기 둔화의 위험을 내포하고 있었습니다.
The tightening of monetary policy was intended to offset inflationary pressures, but it carried the risk of slowing down the economy.
This sentence demonstrates a complex cause-and-effect relationship and potential trade-offs associated with the 'offsetting' action.
외환 시장에서의 개입은 자국 통화 가치 하락을 상쇄하기 위한 정부의 전략적 움직임이었습니다.
Intervention in the foreign exchange market was a strategic move by the government to offset the depreciation of its domestic currency.
'자국 통화 가치 하락' (depreciation of domestic currency) is a specific economic term.
그녀는 자신의 논문에서 기존 연구의 한계를 상쇄하기 위해 새로운 방법론을 제안했습니다.
In her thesis, she proposed a new methodology to offset the limitations of existing research.
'기존 연구의 한계' (limitations of existing research) is a common academic phrase.
지속적인 연구 개발 투자는 경쟁사의 혁신을 상쇄하고 시장에서의 우위를 유지하는 데 필수적입니다.
Continuous investment in research and development is essential to offset competitor innovations and maintain market dominance.
The conjunction '-고' connects two actions that are both essential for market dominance.
정치적 수사에서, 비판을 상쇄하기 위한 동정심 유발 전략은 종종 효과적입니다.
In political rhetoric, strategies that evoke sympathy are often effective in offsetting criticism.
'비판을 상쇄하다' (to offset criticism) and '동정심 유발 전략' (sympathy-evoking strategy) are sophisticated terms.
환경 규제의 강화는 산업계의 경제적 부담을 상쇄할 만큼의 장기적인 이점을 가져와야 합니다.
The strengthening of environmental regulations must bring long-term benefits sufficient to offset the economic burden on industry.
'-ㄹ 만큼의' (enough to...) indicates sufficiency for the offsetting action.
그의 잦은 지각은 그의 뛰어난 업무 성과로 상쇄되지 않았습니다.
His frequent lateness was not offset by his excellent work performance.
The passive form '상쇄되지 않다' (is not offset) is used here.
사회적 자본의 축적은 경제적 불평등을 상쇄하는 데 기여할 수 있습니다.
The accumulation of social capital can contribute to offsetting economic inequality.
'-는 데 기여하다' (to contribute to...) shows the role of social capital.
양적 완화 정책의 부작용을 상쇄하기 위한 중앙은행의 노력은 복잡한 금융 시장의 역학 관계 속에서 신중하게 관리되어야 합니다.
The central bank's efforts to offset the side effects of quantitative easing policies must be carefully managed amidst the complex dynamics of the financial markets.
'양적 완화 정책' (quantitative easing policy) and '금융 시장의 역학 관계' (dynamics of the financial markets) are advanced economic terms.
해당 법안은 환경 파괴의 불가피한 측면을 상쇄하기 위한 포괄적인 보상 메커니즘을 포함하고 있습니다.
The proposed bill includes a comprehensive compensation mechanism to offset the unavoidable aspects of environmental destruction.
'불가피한 측면' (unavoidable aspects) and '포괄적인 보상 메커니즘' (comprehensive compensation mechanism) are precise and sophisticated phrases.
그의 회고록은 개인적인 비극을 상쇄하기 위한 예술적 승화 과정으로 해석될 수 있습니다.
His memoir can be interpreted as a process of artistic sublimation aimed at offsetting personal tragedy.
'예술적 승화' (artistic sublimation) is a literary and psychological concept.
역사적 맥락에서, 특정 문화적 유물의 손실은 그에 상응하는 기록의 보존으로 상쇄될 수 있습니다.
In a historical context, the loss of certain cultural artifacts can be offset by the preservation of corresponding records.
The passive voice '상쇄될 수 있다' (can be offset) is used, and '그에 상응하는' (corresponding) adds precision.
정치적 수사학에서, 선동적인 발언의 부정적 파급 효과를 상쇄하기 위해 종종 이성적이고 논리적인 반박이 요구됩니다.
In political rhetoric, rational and logical rebuttals are often required to offset the negative ripple effects of inflammatory statements.
'선동적인 발언' (inflammatory statements) and '부정적 파급 효과' (negative ripple effects) are advanced terms.
기술 발전의 잠재적 사회적 해악을 상쇄하기 위한 윤리적 프레임워크 구축은 시급한 과제입니다.
Establishing an ethical framework to offset the potential societal harms of technological advancements is an urgent task.
'잠재적 사회적 해악' (potential societal harms) and '윤리적 프레임워크' (ethical framework) are complex concepts.
그의 작품은 삶의 고통을 상쇄하기 위한 초월적인 탐구의 결과물로 평가받습니다.
His work is regarded as the product of a transcendental quest to offset the suffering of life.
'초월적인 탐구' (transcendental quest) and '삶의 고통' (suffering of life) indicate a philosophical depth.
국제 관계에서, 한 국가의 군사력 증강은 다른 국가의 안보 불안을 상쇄하기 위한 조치로 해석될 수 있습니다.
In international relations, one nation's military buildup can be interpreted as a measure to offset the security anxieties of other nations.
'군사력 증강' (military buildup) and '안보 불안' (security anxieties) are key terms in international relations.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To offset negative impacts or influences.
새로운 법안은 환경에 대한 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위해 고안되었습니다.
— To offset costs; to make up for expenses.
회사는 광고 비용을 상쇄하기 위해 더 많은 판매를 목표로 하고 있습니다.
— To offset losses; to recover from financial losses.
그는 다른 투자에서 얻은 이익으로 이전의 손실을 상쇄했습니다.
— To offset risks; to mitigate or balance out potential risks.
보험은 예상치 못한 위험을 상쇄하는 좋은 방법입니다.
— Offsetting effect; the result of counteracting or balancing something.
이 정책의 상쇄 효과는 아직 논의 중입니다.
— In order to offset; for the purpose of counteracting.
기후 변화의 영향을 상쇄하기 위해 전 세계적으로 노력이 이루어지고 있습니다.
— To be offset; to be counteracted or neutralized.
그의 긍정적인 태도로 인해 팀의 사기는 상쇄되었습니다.
— To completely offset; to fully neutralize.
그의 사과는 모든 오해를 완전히 상쇄하기에 충분했습니다.
— Cannot be offset; cannot be counteracted or compensated for.
그의 행동으로 인한 피해는 상쇄할 수 없습니다.
— Worthy of offsetting; deserving to be counteracted or balanced.
그의 노력은 충분히 상쇄할 만한 가치가 있습니다.
よく混同される語
'상쇄하다' implies an equal and opposite force that cancels out an effect, aiming for balance. '보상하다' means to make up for a loss or damage, often by providing something of equivalent value, but it doesn't necessarily imply cancellation of the original effect.
'중화하다' is very similar and often interchangeable, especially metaphorically. However, '상쇄하다' more strongly emphasizes the idea of equal and opposite forces balancing each other out, particularly in economic and abstract contexts, while '중화하다' can also refer to counteracting harmful qualities more generally (like neutralizing an acid).
'무효화하다' focuses on making something legally or formally void, rendering it without effect. '상쇄하다' describes the process of cancellation through balancing opposing forces, which might result in a nullified effect but is not necessarily a formal declaration of invalidity.
間違えやすい
Both involve addressing a negative situation, one by making up for it, the other by balancing it out.
'상쇄하다' focuses on cancelling out an effect with an equal and opposite force, aiming for equilibrium. For example, a new policy might '상쇄하다' the negative impact of a tax hike. '보상하다' means to compensate for a loss or damage, often by providing something of value. For instance, a company might '보상하다' a customer for faulty goods. While compensation can sometimes lead to an offsetting effect, the primary meaning differs.
회사는 제품 결함에 대해 고객에게 <mark>보상했다</mark>. (The company compensated the customer for the product defect.) vs. 이 정책은 물가 상승의 부정적인 영향을 <mark>상쇄하기</mark> 위해 마련되었다. (This policy was designed to offset the negative impacts of inflation.)
Both words imply counteracting or nullifying something.
'상쇄하다' emphasizes the cancellation of effects through equal and opposite forces, often in abstract or economic contexts. '중화하다' means to neutralize, often used in chemistry (like neutralizing an acid) but also metaphorically to counteract negative qualities. While very similar, '상쇄하다' implies a more direct balancing act.
알칼리성 용액은 산성을 <mark>중화시킨다</mark>. (The alkaline solution neutralizes the acidity.) vs. 그의 긍정적인 태도는 팀의 사기를 <mark>상쇄했다</mark>. (His positive attitude offset the team's low morale.)
Both can result in something having no effect.
'상쇄하다' describes the process of cancelling out effects by balancing opposing forces, achieving equilibrium. '무효화하다' means to make something legally or formally void, declaring it invalid. The former is about balancing forces, the latter is about invalidating a decree or rule.
그 계약은 법적 절차를 통해 <mark>무효화되었다</mark>. (The contract was nullified through legal procedures.) vs. 그의 반박은 상대방의 주장을 <mark>상쇄했다</mark>. (His rebuttal offset the opponent's argument.)
Both can imply a reduction of a negative aspect.
'상쇄하다' means to completely cancel out or balance an effect with an equal and opposite one, aiming for a state of no net effect. '덜어주다' means to lessen, alleviate, or reduce the burden or intensity of something. It implies a reduction, not necessarily a complete cancellation.
그의 말은 나의 걱정을 <mark>덜어주었다</mark>. (His words lessened my worries.) vs. 이 조치는 비용 증가를 <mark>상쇄하기</mark> 위한 것이다. (This measure is intended to offset the increase in costs.)
Both involve offsetting or setting off.
'상쇄하다' is a general term for offsetting effects or influences. '상계하다' is a more specific, often legal or financial, term meaning to set off mutual debts or claims against each other. It's a precise form of offsetting within a financial or legal framework.
두 회사는 서로의 채무를 <mark>상계하기</mark>로 합의했다. (The two companies agreed to set off their mutual debts.) vs. 그의 긍정적인 태도는 팀의 사기를 <mark>상쇄했다</mark>. (His positive attitude offset the team's low morale.)
文型パターン
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 상쇄하다.
긍정적인 소식이 나쁜 소식을 상쇄했어요.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]의 영향을 상쇄하다.
그의 노력은 부정적인 영향을 상쇄했습니다.
[Action]을/를 상쇄하기 위해 [Another Action]
비용을 상쇄하기 위해 우리는 지출을 줄여야 합니다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 상쇄할 수 있다.
이 기술은 환경 오염을 상쇄할 수 있습니다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]에 의해 상쇄되다.
그의 사과로 인해 오해가 상쇄되었다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위한 것이다.
이 정책은 경기 침체의 부정적인 영향을 상쇄하기 위한 것입니다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 완전히 상쇄하다.
그의 반박은 상대방의 주장을 완전히 상쇄했습니다.
[Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 상쇄할 만큼 충분하다.
이러한 노력은 잠재적인 위험을 상쇄할 만큼 충분합니다.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Medium-High (especially in specific domains like economics and finance)
-
Using '상쇄하다' when '보상하다' (to compensate) is more appropriate.
→
Use '상쇄하다' when there's a direct cancellation of effects through equal and opposite forces. Use '보상하다' when making up for a loss or damage.
'상쇄하다' implies a balancing act where two opposing forces neutralize each other. '보상하다' is about giving something to make up for a loss. For example, you might '보상하다' a customer for a faulty product, but a new policy might '상쇄하다' the negative economic impact of that faulty product on the market.
-
Confusing '상쇄하다' with simply 'reducing' something.
→
'상쇄하다' implies an equal and opposite effect that cancels out the original, not just a decrease in magnitude.
Saying '비용을 상쇄했다' implies that some other factor of equal value has cancelled out the costs. If you simply reduced costs, you would use a verb like '줄이다' (to reduce) or '절감하다' (to save).
-
Using '상쇄하다' in overly casual conversation.
→
While possible metaphorically, it's generally a more formal or technical term. Use simpler verbs like '균형을 맞추다' (to balance) or '풀다' (to resolve/ease) in casual chat.
'상쇄하다' carries a sense of technicality or formality. Using it too often in informal settings can sound unnatural or overly academic. For instance, instead of saying '그의 농담이 분위기를 상쇄했어,' it might be more natural to say '그의 농담이 분위기를 좀 풀어줬어' (His joke eased the atmosphere).
-
Incorrectly applying the passive form '상쇄되다'.
→
Ensure the subject of the passive sentence is what is being offset, and the agent (if mentioned) is what is doing the offsetting.
A common error is to confuse the subject and object in passive constructions. For example, 'The mistake was offset by his effort' should be correctly translated as '그의 노력으로 실수가 상쇄되었다' (His effort offset the mistake), where '실수' (mistake) is the subject of the passive verb '상쇄되었다'.
-
Overgeneralizing its use to situations that are not truly about balancing opposing forces.
→
Only use '상쇄하다' when there is a clear sense of an equal and opposite force neutralizing an effect.
If a positive action merely mitigates a negative one without truly cancelling its effect, a verb like '완화하다' (to alleviate) or '개선하다' (to improve) might be more fitting. '상쇄하다' requires a stronger sense of equilibrium.
ヒント
Focus on Balance
When using '상쇄하다', always think about the concept of balance. It's not just about reducing something, but about having an equal and opposite force that cancels it out. Imagine a scale being perfectly leveled.
Domain Specificity
This word is frequently encountered in economic, financial, and environmental contexts. Familiarize yourself with how it's used in these specific domains to better understand its nuances.
Distinguish from Compensation
Remember that '상쇄하다' is about cancelling effects through opposition, not just making up for a loss ('보상하다'). If something is merely compensated, the original negative effect might still exist.
Object Particle Usage
Pay close attention to the object particle '을/를' used with the item being offset. This clearly indicates what is being counteracted by the action of '상쇄하다'.
Active and Passive Forms
Be aware of both the active form '상쇄하다' (to offset) and the passive form '상쇄되다' (to be offset). Understanding when to use each will enhance your fluency.
Visual Association
Create a visual image of two opposing forces meeting and cancelling each other out, like two magnets repelling each other with equal strength. This visual can help solidify the meaning of '상쇄하다'.
Sentence Construction
Practice constructing sentences where one element clearly counteracts another. Try using different objects that can be offset, such as costs, risks, or negative impacts.
Appropriate Register
Use '상쇄하다' in appropriate contexts. While it can be used metaphorically informally, it's most accurately and commonly used in more formal or technical discussions.
Hanja Roots
Understanding the Hanja roots (相損 - mutual damage) can provide insight, even though the modern meaning is more abstract (balancing effects).
Learn from Examples
Read news articles, economic reports, and academic texts in Korean. Note how '상쇄하다' is used in context to understand its practical application and nuances.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine two people pushing against each other with equal force. They are 'mutually damaging' each other's effort, effectively cancelling out their movement. This 'mutual damage' (상쇄) leads to no progress, hence they 'offset' each other. Think of '상(sang)' as 'sang-ho' (mutual) and '쇄(swe)' as 'swe-n' (to break) - breaking each other's momentum.
視覚的連想
Picture a perfectly balanced scale. On one side, there's a pile of 'costs' or 'negatives'. On the other side, there's an equal pile of 'benefits' or 'positives', perfectly leveling the scale. This visual represents the concept of '상쇄하다'. Alternatively, imagine two magnets pushing each other away with equal force – their effects cancel out.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to explain a situation where one thing cancels out another using the word '상쇄하다'. For example, describe how a government policy aims to offset a negative economic trend, or how a positive action can offset a negative one in your personal life. Focus on the 'equal and opposite' aspect of the action.
語源
The word '상쇄하다' is derived from Sino-Korean Hanja characters. '상(相)' means 'mutual' or 'reciprocal', and '쇄(損)' means 'to break', 'to damage', or 'to lose'. Together, '상쇄(相損)' literally means 'mutual damage' or 'reciprocal loss'. However, in its current usage, the meaning has evolved to signify the cancellation or balancing out of effects, rather than literal mutual damage.
元の意味： Mutual damage or reciprocal loss.
Sino-Korean文化的な背景
The term '상쇄하다' itself is neutral and technical. However, the context in which it is used can be sensitive. For example, discussing the offsetting of economic losses might be sensitive to those who have experienced financial hardship. Similarly, environmental offsetting can be controversial if not implemented effectively or if it's seen as a way to avoid genuine reduction efforts.
In English, 'offset' is a very direct equivalent and is used in similar contexts across finance, economics, and general usage. The concept of balancing opposing forces is universal, making the translation relatively straightforward.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Economic Policy Discussions
- 경기 침체를 상쇄하기 위한 대책
- 인플레이션 압력을 상쇄하는 정책
- 재정 지출 증가를 상쇄하는 세금 감면
Business and Finance
- 투자 손실을 상쇄하다
- 비용 증가를 상쇄하다
- 위험을 상쇄하기 위한 전략
Environmental Issues
- 탄소 배출을 상쇄하다
- 환경 파괴의 영향을 상쇄하다
- 조림 사업으로 탄소 흡수량을 상쇄하다
Arguments and Debates
- 상대방의 주장을 상쇄하다
- 비판을 상쇄하기 위한 반박
- 긍정적인 면으로 부정적인 면을 상쇄하다
Scientific and Technical Reports
- 화학 반응에서 산을 상쇄하다
- 물리적인 힘이 서로 상쇄되다
- 부작용을 상쇄하는 약물
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever encountered a situation where one good thing completely cancelled out a bad thing? How would you describe that in Korean?"
"In economics, we often talk about 'offsetting' effects. Can you think of an example where one economic action balances another?"
"When discussing environmental issues, the idea of 'offsetting' carbon emissions is common. What are your thoughts on this practice?"
"If someone makes a mistake, how can they try to 'offset' the negative consequences of their actions?"
"What's a situation where you had to balance two opposing factors, essentially 'offsetting' one with the other?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time in your life when a positive experience helped to cancel out a negative one. Use the word '상쇄하다' to explain this.
Write about a hypothetical policy that aims to 'offset' a major societal problem. What would the policy be, and how would it work?
Reflect on a debate or argument you've had. How did counter-arguments 'offset' each other's points?
Imagine you are a business owner. How would you plan to 'offset' the risks associated with a new venture?
Consider the concept of 'balance' in your daily life. Where do you see things being 'offset' to maintain equilibrium?
よくある質問
10 問'상쇄하다' means to offset or cancel out an effect with an equal and opposite force, aiming for balance. For example, a new policy might '상쇄하다' the negative economic impact of another. '보상하다' means to compensate for a loss or damage, often by providing something of value. For instance, a company might '보상하다' a customer for faulty goods. The key difference is that '상쇄하다' focuses on neutralization through balance, while '보상하다' focuses on making up for a loss.
'상쇄하다' is more commonly used in formal or semi-formal contexts like news reports, economic discussions, or business meetings. In casual conversation, people might use simpler phrases like '균형을 맞추다' (to balance) or '덜어주다' (to lessen) if the context is less technical. However, it can be used metaphorically in informal settings to describe balancing out positive and negative aspects.
Yes, it can be used metaphorically for personal feelings. For example, '그의 칭찬은 나의 불안감을 상쇄하는 데 도움이 되었다.' (His praise helped to offset my anxiety.) Here, the positive feeling of praise counteracts the negative feeling of anxiety.
The noun form is '상쇄' (sangswae), which means 'offsetting' or 'cancellation'. A related noun phrase is '상쇄 효과' (sangswae hyogwa), meaning 'offsetting effect'.
Yes, '상쇄하다' is very similar to 'neutralize' and 'counterbalance' in English. It implies an equal and opposite force that cancels out an effect, leading to a state of balance or equilibrium. The term is frequently used in contexts where such balancing is important, like in economics or environmental science.
Many things can be 'offset', including economic impacts (like inflation or recession), costs, losses, risks, environmental effects (like carbon emissions), arguments, and even emotional states. The key is that there's an opposing force or factor that balances out the original effect.
For learners at the B2 CEFR level and above, '상쇄하다' is a moderately challenging word. While the conjugation is regular, understanding its nuanced meaning and appropriate usage in various contexts requires practice. It's important to distinguish it from similar words like '보상하다' or '중화하다' to use it accurately.
Common collocations include '부정적인 영향을 상쇄하다' (to offset negative impacts), '비용을 상쇄하다' (to offset costs), '손실을 상쇄하다' (to offset losses), and '위험을 상쇄하다' (to offset risks). The noun phrase '상쇄 효과' (offsetting effect) is also very common.
The word itself is neutral, but it's often used to describe the mitigation of negative effects. However, the *action* of offsetting might be viewed negatively if it's seen as a superficial solution that doesn't address the root cause, for example, 'carbon offsetting' being criticized if it doesn't lead to actual emission reductions.
The Hanja characters '相損' (sang-swe) literally mean 'mutual damage' or 'reciprocal loss'. Over time, the meaning has evolved to signify the cancellation or balancing of effects through equal and opposite forces, rather than literal mutual harm. This shift from a concrete to an abstract meaning is common in language evolution.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb '상쇄하다' (sangswaehada) means to offset, counterbalance, or cancel out the effect of something by introducing an equal and opposite effect. It is used in contexts where balance or neutralization is achieved, such as in economics (e.g., tax cuts offsetting spending increases), environmental discussions (e.g., planting trees offsetting carbon emissions), or arguments (e.g., a counter-argument offsetting an initial point). The core idea is the creation of equilibrium by diminishing opposing forces.
- To offset or cancel out an effect with an equal and opposite force.
- Used when one thing balances or neutralizes another.
- Common in economics, finance, and environmental contexts.
- Implies achieving equilibrium through counteraction.
Focus on Balance
When using '상쇄하다', always think about the concept of balance. It's not just about reducing something, but about having an equal and opposite force that cancels it out. Imagine a scale being perfectly leveled.
Domain Specificity
This word is frequently encountered in economic, financial, and environmental contexts. Familiarize yourself with how it's used in these specific domains to better understand its nuances.
Distinguish from Compensation
Remember that '상쇄하다' is about cancelling effects through opposition, not just making up for a loss ('보상하다'). If something is merely compensated, the original negative effect might still exist.
Object Particle Usage
Pay close attention to the object particle '을/를' used with the item being offset. This clearly indicates what is being counteracted by the action of '상쇄하다'.
例文
수출 증가가 수입 비용의 상승을 상쇄했다.
関連コンテンツ
economicsの関連語
풍요
B2資源や富が非常に豊富である状態。豊かさ。(A state of being very plentiful in resources or wealth; abundance.) 国は国民のために経済的な 풍요 を目指しています。(The country aims for economic 풍요 for its citizens.)
동반하다
B2経済成長は通常、物価上昇を同伴する。
부가가치
B1付加価値とは、生産の各段階で新しく付け加えられた価値のことです。
여파
B2ある出来事が終わった後も、その影響が他に及ぶこと。余波。一つの事件が引き起こす二次的な影響。
보조
B1主要な機能や主体を助けたり支えたりする行為。多くの場合、金銭的な援助（補助金）や、タスクを完了するための二次的な援助を指します。
혜택
B2恩恵、特典、または利益。個人、機関、または状況から受け取る有利なもの。
편익
B2ある物事や行為から得られる便利さと利益。費用便益分析などの文脈でよく使われます。
호황
B2生産、雇用、消費の活発な時期。経済が非常に好調な状態を指します。日本はこの数年、半導体産業で大きな好況を経験しています。
산정하다
B1一定の基準に基づいて数値や金額を算出し、定めること。「損害額を算定する」というように、公的な場面で使われます。
자본
B1資本とは、商売や事業を始めるための元手のことです。
