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B1 noun 8분 분량

رفت

raft

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 رفت 30초 만에

설명 رفت in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn 'raft' as the past tense of 'to go' (e.g., 'He went'). However, you might see it on simple signs or buttons. For example, on a travel website, 'Raft' means 'Go' or 'Departure Date.' You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. Just remember that in a pair like 'Raft-o-Bargasht,' it means the trip 'there.' It is a basic building block for talking about moving from point A to point B. You might hear it in very simple phrases like 'Vaght-e raft' (Time to go), though even that is slightly advanced for A1. Focus on recognizing it in the context of tickets and simple directions. It is the opposite of 'Bargasht' (Return). Think of it as the 'out' in 'in and out.'

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, you start to see 'raft' in compound nouns. The most important one is 'Raft-o-āmad.' You can use this to describe a busy street or a busy house. 'In koucheh raft-o-āmad zyād dārad' (This alley has a lot of traffic). You also begin to use it for travel. When you go to a bus station, you will ask for a 'Belit-e raft' (One-way ticket) or 'Belit-e raft-o-bargasht' (Round-trip ticket). At this level, you should understand that 'raft' acts like a noun here because it follows the 'Ezafe' (-e). You are moving beyond just seeing it as a verb and starting to see it as a label for a direction or an event. You might also notice it in sports scores if you watch the news, referring to the first game played.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using 'raft' in various social and logistical contexts. You understand the nuance of 'Raft-o-āmad dāshtan' as a way to describe social relationships. If you say 'Mā bā ham raft-o-āmad dārim,' you are saying you are on visiting terms with someone, which is a key part of Iranian social life. You also use 'raft' to describe the 'first leg' of any two-part process. In business or travel, you can discuss 'Sā'at-e raft' (Departure time) versus 'Sā'at-e bargasht' (Return time). You are now aware that while it looks like a verb, its grammatical role as a noun is distinct. You can also start to use it in slightly more idiomatic ways, like describing the flow of people in a public space. You should be able to distinguish 'raft' (the departure) from 'raftan' (the act of going) in most sentences.

At B2, you recognize 'raft' in more abstract and formal settings. You might encounter it in news reports discussing 'Raft-o-āmad-haye diplomātik' (Diplomatic shuttling/visits). You understand that 'raft' can signify a phase. In literature or higher-level discussions, you might see it contrasted with 'māndan' (staying) to discuss the nature of life or travel. You are proficient in using the noun in sports contexts, discussing the 'Bāzi-ye raft' and its tactical implications. Your use of 'Raft-o-āmad' has expanded to include not just physical traffic, but also the 'exchange' of ideas or goods. You also start to see how 'raft' forms the root of other nouns like 'raftār' (behavior) and 'reft-o-rub' (sweeping/cleaning), understanding the underlying logic of the Persian root system. You can use 'raft' as a noun without confusing it with the past tense verb 'raft' (he went).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you appreciate the poetic and historical depth of the noun 'raft.' You might find it in classical poetry where 'raft' symbolizes the inevitable departure from this world. You can use the word in complex bureaucratic or legal contexts, such as discussing 'Hagh-e raft-o-āmad' (the right of passage/access). You are sensitive to the register; you know when to use 'raft' and when to use more formal Arabic-rooted synonyms like 'Azimat' or 'Khoruj.' You can discuss the 'Raft-o-āmad' of historical figures or the 'flow' of capital in economic discussions. Your mastery includes understanding the rhythmic use of 'raft' in proverbs and idioms. You can analyze how 'raft' functions in compound verbs and nouns to create specific nuances of movement and conduct that are unique to Persian thought.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word's versatility. You can use 'raft' in philosophical discourse to discuss the 'going' of time or the 'transience' of existence. You understand its role in archaic Persian texts where its noun form might have had slightly different syntactic properties. You can seamlessly switch between 'raft' as a noun in modern logistics, sports, and social contexts, and its more abstract uses in high literature. You are capable of wordplay involving the noun 'raft' and the verb 'raft,' and you can explain the etymological evolution of this past-stem-as-noun phenomenon in Indo-European languages. You use 'raft-o-āmad' not just for traffic, but as a metaphor for the heartbeat of a city or the vitality of a civilization. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

رفت 30초 만에

Raft is a noun meaning 'going' or 'departure,' distinct from its verb form.
It is essential for travel contexts like 'outbound' tickets and schedules.
In sports, it refers to the first leg of a two-part match series.
It forms the compound 'raft-o-āmad' to mean traffic or social visits.

The word رفت (raft) in Persian is a fascinating example of how a verb stem can transition into a fully functional noun. While most learners first encounter it as the past stem of the verb رفتن (to go), its role as a noun is pivotal for mid-level fluency. As a noun, it primarily denotes the act of going, departure, or the first leg of a journey. It is rarely used in isolation in modern spoken Persian; instead, it thrives in compound structures and specific idiomatic pairings that describe movement, social interaction, and logistics. Understanding رفت as a noun allows you to navigate travel bookings, describe city traffic, and even talk about sports tournaments with precision.

Travel Logistics: In the context of transportation, رفت refers to the outbound journey. When you buy a ticket, you distinguish between the 'going' part and the 'returning' part using this word.

بلیط رفت و برگشت به شیراز خیلی گران شده است.

The round-trip (going and returning) ticket to Shiraz has become very expensive.

Beyond travel, the noun رفت captures the essence of 'departure' in a more abstract sense. It can refer to the start of an event or the first phase of a two-part process. In Iranian culture, where social visits are structured and formal, the concept of 'going' is often paired with 'coming' to describe the flow of guests. This noun forms the backbone of the term رفت و آمد, which translates to 'traffic' or 'socializing,' depending on the context. If a house has a lot of raft-o-āmad, it means it is a busy, welcoming home with many visitors.

Sports Context: In football or other sports with two-legged ties, بازی رفت refers to the first leg or the 'away' game depending on the perspective, literally the 'going game.'

ما در مسابقه رفت پیروز شدیم.

We won in the first-leg (going) match.

The word also appears in philosophical or poetic contexts to signify the transience of life. Poets often contrast رفت (the departure) with بود (the being). In everyday usage, however, stick to its practical applications in travel, sports, and social frequency. It is a word of movement, marking the beginning of a transition from one place to another. When you are at a train station looking at the departure board, you are essentially looking at a list of raft times.

Using رفت as a noun requires an understanding of Persian compound noun structures. Unlike English where 'going' can be a gerund, in Persian, رفت functions as a static noun that usually needs a partner or a specific context to clarify its meaning. The most common way you will use it is in the 'Ezafe' construction or as part of a 'V-linked' pair (linked by the 'o' sound, written as 'و').

The 'Raft-o-X' Pattern: This is the most frequent usage. Pairing رفت with its opposite برگشت (return) or آمد (coming) creates nouns that describe a complete cycle of movement.

ساعت رفت قطار هشت صبح است.

The train's departure time (going time) is eight in the morning.

When using it in the context of tickets, always place it before 'va bargasht' (and return). For example, belit-e raft is a one-way ticket (though yek-tarafe is more common), but belit-e raft-o-bargasht is the standard term for a return ticket. In sports, you would say bāzi-ye raft (the first leg) and bāzi-ye bargasht (the second leg). Notice how the Ezafe (-e) connects the noun 'game' or 'ticket' to the noun 'raft'.

Describing Behavior: Sometimes, in more literary or old-fashioned Persian, رفت can be part of raftār (behavior), which comes from the same root. While raftār is the standard word for behavior, رفت on its own can occasionally imply 'conduct' in specific compound verbs like khosh-raft (rarely used now, but seen in names or old texts).

In modern conversation, you might hear someone say: 'Raft-e mān bā khodamān bud, bargasht-e mān bā khodā' (Our going was up to us, our return is up to God). This illustrates the noun used with a possessive suffix (-mān), treating 'going' as a tangible event that can be owned or experienced. Always remember that as a noun, رفت is static; it describes the *state* or *event* of departure rather than the action itself.

You will encounter the noun رفت in several distinct real-world environments in Iran. The most common is the travel agency or airport. If you are booking a flight on an Iranian website like SnappTrip or Alibaba.ir, you will see two columns: تاریخ رفت (Departure Date) and تاریخ برگشت (Return Date). This is the most practical application of the word for a foreigner or a learner.

At the Airport/Station: Listen for announcements. 'Mosaferin-e parvāz-e raft be Tehran...' (Passengers of the outbound flight to Tehran...). Here, raft specifies the direction of the flight.

در این خیابان رفت و آمد زیاد است.

There is a lot of traffic (coming and going) in this street.

Another major context is social commentary. Iranians value hospitality (Ta'arof), and the phrase raft-o-āmad dāshtan (to have coming and going) means to be in a social relationship with someone. If you ask, 'Do you see your cousins often?', the answer might be 'Bā ham raft-o-āmad dārim' (We visit each other/we have a social relationship). In this sense, the noun describes the frequency and existence of a bond.

Finally, you will hear it in sports broadcasting. Iran is a football-mad nation. During the AFC Champions League or the World Cup qualifiers, commentators will incessantly talk about bāzi-ye raft. They might say, 'We need a good result in the raft game so we have a chance in the return leg.' This usage is so common that even people who don't follow sports will understand رفت as 'the first part of a two-part encounter.'

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is treating رفت as a verb when it is functioning as a noun. Because raft is also the past tense for 'he/she/it went,' learners often get confused by the sentence structure. For example, in the phrase 'Belit-e raft,' a beginner might think it means 'The ticket went,' which makes no sense.

Confusing Noun and Verb: Mistake: 'Man raft o āmad kardam.' (Thinking 'raft' is the verb). Correct: 'Man bā ānhā raft-o-āmad dāram.' (Using the full compound noun).

اشتباه: وقت رفتن است vs درست: وقت رفت است.

Actually, 'Vaght-e raftan' is more common for 'time to go,' but 'Vaght-e raft' is specific to departure schedules.

Another mistake is using رفت on its own to mean 'departure' in a general sense. While in English you can say 'His departure was sad,' in Persian, you would more likely use the infinitive raftan-ash (his going) or the noun ezām (dispatch) or tark (leaving). رفت is almost always tied to a journey or a recurring movement. Don't use it for someone leaving a job or a room unless it's part of a 'coming and going' context.

Finally, avoid overusing رفت as a noun for 'the past.' While 'raft' is past-related, the word for 'the past' is gozashte. Some learners try to use رفت to mean 'what has gone,' but this is poetic and not suitable for B1-level daily conversation. Stick to the 'outbound' and 'social' meanings to stay safe and sound natural.

To truly master رفت, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms and related terms. The most important distinction is between the noun رفت and the infinitive رفتن. While both can mean 'going,' رفتن is the action (gerund), and رفت is the event or the direction.

رفت (Raft) vs. عزیمت (Azimat): رفت is informal and practical (tickets, legs of a match). عزیمت is formal and used in news or literature to mean 'departure' or 'setting off' (e.g., the President's departure for New York).

رفت و آمد (Raft-o-āmad) vs. ترافیک (Terāfik): رفت و آمد is more general, referring to any coming and going (including people walking). ترافیک is specifically for cars on the road.

او رفتار خوبی دارد.

Note: 'Raftār' (behavior) is a noun derived from the same root but used for personality.

If you want to say 'one-way' for a ticket, you can say belit-e raft, but many people use yek-tarafe (one-sided). If you are talking about 'leaving' a place in a permanent sense, use tark. For example, 'tark-e vatan' (leaving one's homeland). رفت is too simple for such a heavy concept. Use رفت when there is an implied return or a specific scheduled movement.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The past stem 'raft' is used as a noun in Persian in a way that is very similar to how 'going' or 'run' can be nouns in English (e.g., 'a long run').

발음 가이드

UK /ɾæft/

US /ræft/

The stress is on the only syllable.

라임이 맞는 단어

تخت (takht) بخت (bakht) سخت (sakht) رخت (rakht) لخت (lokht - near rhyme) وقت (vaght - near rhyme) نفت (naft) هفت (haft)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it like 'raft' in English (boat), which has a broader 'a' sound.
Confusing the short 'a' with 'o' (roft).
Over-emphasizing the 't' at the end.
Not tapping the 'r' correctly.
Mixing it up with 'raftan' in speech.

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to recognize, but can be confused with the verb.

쓰기 3/5

Requires knowledge of Ezafe and compound structures.

말하기 3/5

Common in specific contexts like travel and socializing.

듣기 2/5

Clearly pronounced, context usually helps.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

رفتن آمدن بلیط ساعت بازی

다음에 배울 것

برگشت عزیمت رفتار ترافیک اقامت

고급

عزیمت مهاجرت ترکِ وطن ایاب و ذهاب

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe Construction

بلیطِ رفت (Belit-e raft)

Compound Nouns with 'o'

رفت و آمد (Raft-o-āmad)

Past Stem as Noun

رفت (Raft) - The act of going.

Possessive Suffixes with Nouns

رفتمان (Raft-e-mān) - Our going.

Prepositional Phrases

در راهِ رفت (Dar rāh-e raft)

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

بلیط رفت کجاست؟

Where is the departure (going) ticket?

Raft is used here as a noun modifying 'ticket'.

ساعت رفت هشت است.

The departure time is eight.

Sā'at-e raft uses Ezafe to link time and departure.

رفت و برگشت.

Going and returning.

A common noun pair for round-trips.

تاریخ رفت فردا است.

The departure date is tomorrow.

Tārikh-e raft is a standard travel phrase.

او در راه رفت است.

He is on the way (going).

Rāh-e raft means the outbound path.

فقط رفت؟

Only going (one way)?

Shortened form of 'Belit-e raft'.

ایستگاه رفت اینجاست.

The departure station is here.

Istgāh-e raft refers to the starting point.

رفت خوب بود.

The going (outbound trip) was good.

Using 'raft' as the subject of the sentence.

رفت و آمد در این کوچه زیاد است.

There is a lot of traffic in this alley.

Raft-o-āmad is a compound noun meaning traffic/movement.

من بلیط رفت و برگشت می‌خواهم.

I want a round-trip ticket.

Standard way to ask for a return ticket.

بازی رفت در تهران است.

The first-leg match is in Tehran.

Bāzi-ye raft is the 'first leg' in sports.

سفر رفت ما طولانی بود.

Our outbound journey was long.

Safar-e raft distinguishes the first part of the trip.

هزینه رفت چقدر است؟

How much is the cost of going?

Hazineh-ye raft refers to outbound expenses.

مسیر رفت را بلد نیستم.

I don't know the outbound route.

Masir-e raft is the path taken to get somewhere.

زمان رفت مشخص نیست.

The time of departure is not clear.

Zamān-e raft is a synonym for Sā'at-e raft.

او مسئول رفت و آمد است.

He is responsible for the coming and going (logistics).

Raft-o-āmad here implies logistics or monitoring flow.

ما با همسایه‌ها رفت و آمد داریم.

We have a social relationship (visit each other) with the neighbors.

Idiomatic use of raft-o-āmad for socializing.

نتیجه بازی رفت مساوی شد.

The result of the first-leg match was a draw.

Common sports terminology.

رفت و آمد خودروها در مرکز شهر ممنوع است.

The movement of cars in the city center is forbidden.

Formal use of raft-o-āmad for traffic.

برنامه رفت قطارها تغییر کرده است.

The departure schedule of the trains has changed.

Barnāmeh-ye raft refers to the outbound schedule.

او از رفت و آمد زیاد خسته شده است.

He is tired of too much coming and going (busy social life/traffic).

Can refer to physical movement or social obligations.

در سفر رفت، باران می‌بارید.

During the outbound journey, it was raining.

Specifying a time period during a trip.

بلیط رفت ارزان است اما برگشت نه.

The outbound ticket is cheap, but the return is not.

Contrasting 'raft' and 'bargasht' as nouns.

رفت و آمد به این روستا سخت است.

Getting to and from (accessing) this village is difficult.

Refers to the ease of transport/access.

رفت و آمدهای دیپلماتیک افزایش یافته است.

Diplomatic visits (shuttling) have increased.

Pluralized 'raft-o-āmad' for formal events.

او در بازی رفت مصدوم شد.

He got injured in the first-leg match.

Specific context for sports injuries.

این جاده فقط برای رفت است.

This road is only for going (one-way).

Describing the function of a lane.

رفت و آمد سرمایه به کشور محدود شده است.

The flow of capital into the country has been restricted.

Abstract use of 'raft-o-āmad' for finance.

ساعت رفت و برگشت را هماهنگ کنید.

Coordinate the departure and return times.

Using both nouns to describe a full plan.

رفت او همه را غافلگیر کرد.

His departure surprised everyone.

Here 'raft' functions as 'departure' or 'leaving'.

او در کار رفت و روب خانه کمک می‌کند.

He helps with the sweeping and cleaning of the house.

Raft-o-rub is a compound noun for cleaning.

مسیر رفت از اتوبان و برگشت از جاده قدیم است.

The outbound route is via the highway and the return is via the old road.

Distinguishing routes based on direction.

منطق رفت و آمد در فلسفه او جایگاه ویژه‌ای دارد.

The logic of coming and going (flux) has a special place in his philosophy.

Abstract philosophical usage.

رفت و آمد کشتی‌ها در بنادر به دقت رصد می‌شود.

The movement of ships in the ports is carefully monitored.

Technical/Formal monitoring context.

او میان رفت و ماندن مردد بود.

He was hesitant between going and staying.

Using 'raft' as a noun contrasted with the infinitive 'māndan'.

رفت و آمد نخبگان به خارج از کشور نگران‌کننده است.

The migration (coming and going) of elites to foreign countries is worrying.

Sociopolitical context.

در متون کهن، رفت به معنای مرگ نیز به کار رفته است.

In ancient texts, 'raft' has also been used to mean death.

Linguistic/Historical analysis.

او با یک رفت و برگشت سریع، مدارک را آورد.

With a quick trip back and forth, he brought the documents.

Describing a physical action as a single unit.

ساختار رفت و برگشتی داستان، خواننده را جذب می‌کند.

The back-and-forth structure of the story attracts the reader.

Literary analysis of narrative structure.

رفت و آمد باد در میان درختان صدایی محزون داشت.

The coming and going of the wind among the trees had a sad sound.

Poetic/Descriptive usage.

دیالکتیک رفت و بازگشت در اشعار مولانا مشهود است.

The dialectic of departure and return is evident in Rumi's poems.

High-level literary/spiritual analysis.

رفت و آمد وجوه نقد باید تحت نظارت دقیق باشد.

The movement of cash funds must be under strict supervision.

Financial/Legal formal terminology.

او در بازی رفت و برگشت نهایتاً پیروز میدان شد.

In the home-and-away aggregate, he finally emerged as the winner.

Using the compound as an aggregate concept.

رفت و آمد ایام، گرد پیری بر چهره‌اش نشانده بود.

The passage (coming and going) of days had settled the dust of old age on his face.

Highly metaphorical and poetic.

او از رفت و آمدهای بیهوده به ادارات دولتی کلافه بود.

He was frustrated by the futile back-and-forth to government offices.

Describing bureaucratic inefficiency.

پویایی شهر در رفت و آمد دائمی ساکنانش نهفته است.

The city's dynamism lies in the constant movement of its residents.

Urban sociology context.

رفت و آمد نفس، نشانه حیات است.

The coming and going of breath is the sign of life.

Biological/Philosophical observation.

او با ظرافت، رفت و آمد سایه‌ها را نقاشی کرده است.

He has delicately painted the movement (coming and going) of shadows.

Artistic critique.

자주 쓰는 조합

بلیط رفت

رفت و آمد

بازی رفت

تاریخ رفت

ساعت رفت

رفت و برگشت

مسیر رفت

هزینه رفت

وقت رفت

رفت و روب

자주 쓰는 구문

رفت و آمد داشتن

— To be on visiting terms or to have a social relationship.

ما با آن‌ها رفت و آمد داریم.

در راه رفت

— On the way there (outbound).

در راه رفت او را دیدم.

رفت که رفت

— He/she left for good (idiomatic verb usage, but related).

او رفت که رفت.

یک‌سره رفت

— Going straight through without stopping.

مسیر را یک‌سره رفت.

رفت و آمد کردن

— To commute or move back and forth.

هر روز به کرج رفت و آمد می‌کند.

برنامه رفت

— Departure schedule.

برنامه رفت قطارها اعلام شد.

کارت رفت و آمد

— Access card or commute card.

کارت رفت و آمدش را گم کرد.

حق رفت و آمد

— Right of passage.

حق رفت و آمد در این زمین را ندارید.

رفت و آمد سنگین

— Heavy traffic.

رفت و آمد سنگین در اتوبان.

بازه رفت

— Departure window (time frame).

بازه رفت پروازها محدود است.

자주 혼동되는 단어

رفت vs رفتن

Raftan is the infinitive (to go), while Raft is the noun (departure).

رفت vs رفت (verb)

The 3rd person singular past tense 'he went' looks identical but functions differently.

رفت vs رفتار

Raftār means behavior/conduct, while Raft is the physical act of going.

관용어 및 표현

"رفت و آمد داشتن"

— To socialize regularly with someone.

با خانواده همسرش رفت و آمد ندارد.

Neutral

"رفت و آمد کردن"

— To commute long distances daily.

او بین تهران و قزوین رفت و آمد می‌کند.

Neutral

"رفت که رفت"

— Used when something or someone is gone forever.

پولم را به او دادم و رفت که رفت.

Informal

"بزن و برو (رفت)"

— Hit and run / quick task.

کار ما در آنجا رفت و برگشت سریع بود.

Slang

"رفت و آمد بیهوده"

— Running around in circles / bureaucracy.

از این همه رفت و آمد بیهوده خسته شدم.

Neutral

"در رفتن"

— To escape or slip away (verb, but noun-related).

او از دست پلیس در رفت.

Informal

"رفت و آمد باد"

— The shifting of the wind.

رفت و آمد باد برگ‌ها را تکان داد.

Poetic

"رفت و برگشت ذهنی"

— Indecision or mental back-and-forth.

این رفت و برگشت‌های ذهنی کلافه‌ام کرده.

Neutral

"رفتِ بی‌برگشت"

— A one-way journey, often implying death or permanent exile.

این سفری رفتِ بی‌برگشت بود.

Literary

"آمد و رفت"

— Similar to 'raft-o-āmad', emphasizing the arrival first.

آمد و رفت مهمان‌ها تمام شد.

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

رفت vs برگشت

It is the opposite of raft.

Raft is going out, Bargasht is coming back.

بلیط برگشت گران است.

رفت vs آمد

Used together in a compound.

Raft is going, Āmad is coming.

آمد و رفت مهمان‌ها.

رفت vs گذشته

Learners think 'gone' means 'past'.

Gozashte is the chronological past; Raft is the physical departure.

در گذشته زندگی نکن.

رفت vs راه

Both involve travel.

Rāh is the road/path; Raft is the movement direction.

راهِ رفت بسته است.

رفت vs حرکت

Both mean movement.

Harakat is the start of movement; Raft is the outbound journey.

زمان حرکت قطار.

문장 패턴

بلیط [اسم] کجاست؟

بلیط رفت کجاست؟

[اسم] رفت و برگشت می‌خواهم.

بلیط رفت و برگشت می‌خواهم.

ما با [شخص] رفت و آمد داریم.

ما با آن‌ها رفت و آمد داریم.

ساعت رفت [وسیله نقلیه] چند است؟

ساعت رفت اتوبوس چند است؟

نتیجه [رویداد] رفت چه شد؟

نتیجه مسابقه رفت چه شد؟

[مکان] رفت و آمد زیادی دارد.

بازار رفت و آمد زیادی دارد.

رفت و آمد [مفهوم] در [زمینه] مشهود است.

رفت و آمد سرمایه در اقتصاد مشهود است.

در پسِ این رفت و آمدها، [نتیجه] نهفته است.

در پس این رفت و آمدها، هدفی بزرگ نهفته است.

어휘 가족

명사

رفتن (going/to go)

رفتار (behavior)

رفتنی (one who is about to leave)

رفتگر (street sweeper)

رفت و آمد (traffic)

동사

رفتن (to go)

در رفتن (to escape)

فرو رفتن (to sink)

برگشتن (to return - antonym root)

آمدن (to come - partner root)

형용사

رفتنی (mortal/temporary)

رفته (gone)

نرفته (not gone)

رفتاری (behavioral)

사용법

frequency

Extremely common in travel, sports, and social contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Belit raft → Belit-e raft
Missing the Ezafe link between the two nouns.
Man raft o āmad kardam → Man bā ānhā raft-o-āmad dāram
Using the wrong helper verb. Socializing uses 'dāshtan'.
Raft-e u ghamgin bud → Raftan-e u ghamgin bud
For personal departure, the infinitive 'raftan' is more natural.
Sā'at raftan → Sā'at-e raft
Using the infinitive instead of the specific noun for schedules.
Raft-o-āmad-e m ماشین‌ها → Raft-o-āmad-e māshin-hā
General grammar error in forming noun phrases.

팁

Check the Ezafe

Always ensure the noun before 'raft' has the -e sound. Say 'belit-e raft', not 'belit raft'.

Socializing

Use 'raft-o-āmad dāshtan' to describe your social circle. It sounds very native.

Booking Flights

Look for 'Tārikh-e raft' on websites to pick your departure date.

Football Talk

If your team lost the first game, say 'Dar bāzi-ye raft bākhtim'.

Compound Power

Learn 'raft' with its partners 'bargasht' and 'āmad' for maximum utility.

Context Clues

If you hear 'raft' after a noun, it's a noun. If it's at the end of a sentence, it's likely a verb.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'raft' for daily chores and 'azimat' for your boss's business trip.

The Raft

A Raft only goes downstream (departure). Use this to remember 'raft' is for going out.

Short A

Keep the 'a' short. It should sound like the 'a' in 'cat', not 'father'.

Hospitality

In Iran, having 'raft-o-āmad' is a sign of a healthy social life.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Raft' floating away on a river. The 'Raft' is the 'Going' (departure) part of the trip.

시각적 연상

Visualize a one-way arrow pointing away from you with the word 'RAFT' written on it.

Word Web

Ticket Departure Return Traffic Match Leg Journey Socializing

챌린지

Try to use 'raft-o-āmad' and 'belit-e raft' in two separate sentences today while talking about your plans.

어원

Derived from the Middle Persian 'raftan' and Old Persian 'rab-'. It is a core Indo-European root related to movement.

원래 의미: To move, to go, or to crawl (in very ancient roots).

Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that 'raft' in a funeral context refers to the passing of the deceased.

English speakers often use 'going' or 'departure.' Persian uses 'raft' specifically for the outbound leg.

Rumi's poetry often uses the concept of 'raft' (going) to symbolize the soul's journey. Modern Iranian football commentary heavily relies on 'Bāzi-ye raft'. The film 'Raftan' (Parting) touches on these themes.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Travel Agency

بلیط رفت و برگشت
تاریخ رفت
ساعت رفت
قیمت رفت

Sports

بازی رفت
نتیجه رفت
میزبان رفت
گلِ رفت

Social Life

رفت و آمد داشتن
قطع رفت و آمد
رفت و آمد خانوادگی
اهل رفت و آمد

Traffic/Logistics

رفت و آمد سنگین
کارت رفت و آمد
مسیر رفت
کنترل رفت و آمد

Philosophy/Poetry

وقت رفت
سفر رفت
رفتِ بی‌برگشت
منطقِ رفت

대화 시작하기

"آیا شما با همسایه‌هایتان رفت و آمد دارید؟"

"بلیط رفت و برگشت به ایران چقدر است؟"

"به نظر شما نتیجه بازی رفت عادلانه بود؟"

"چرا رفت و آمد در این خیابان اینقدر زیاد است؟"

"ساعت رفت قطار شما دقیقاً کی است؟"

일기 주제

درباره یک سفر رفت و برگشت که اخیراً داشته‌اید بنویسید.

اهمیت رفت و آمد اجتماعی در فرهنگ خودتان را توضیح دهید.

اگر قرار بود فقط بلیط رفت داشته باشید، به کجا می‌رفتید؟

تفاوت رفت و آمد در شهرهای بزرگ و کوچک چیست؟

احساس خود را در لحظه 'وقت رفت' توصیف کنید.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

It can be both. As a verb, it means 'he/she/it went.' As a noun, it means 'departure' or 'going' (outbound).

You can say 'belit-e raft' or 'belit-e yek-tarafe'.

It means 'coming and going.' Depending on context, it refers to traffic or social visiting.

No, use 'gozashte' for the past. 'Raft' is about movement.

Not necessarily. It refers to the first leg of a two-match series, regardless of location.

As a noun, it's rarely pluralized alone. You pluralize the compound: 'raft-o-āmad-hā'.

'Raft' is common and practical; 'azimat' is formal and official.

The 'o' is a short form of 'va' (and), used to link two related nouns.

Yes, it literally means 'going and sweeping,' referring to household cleaning.

In poetic or very formal contexts, it can euphemistically refer to passing away.

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