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A1 noun 5 min read

فصل

fasl

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips فصل in 30 Seconds

Explanation فصل in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'fasl' is primarily taught as 'classroom'. It is one of the first nouns students learn to describe their immediate environment. At this stage, learners should focus on basic sentences like 'The classroom is big' or 'I am in the classroom'. You will use it with simple prepositions like 'in' (fi) and 'to' (ila). Understanding that it has a plural form 'fusool' is also important, as you will likely talk about multiple rooms in a school. The focus is on the physical space and its contents: desks, chairs, and the teacher. It is a concrete noun that helps build the foundation of school-related vocabulary.

At the A2 level, learners expand their understanding of 'fasl' to include 'seasons'. You will learn the four seasons: Fasl al-Shita (Winter), Fasl al-Rabia (Spring), Fasl al-Saif (Summer), and Fasl al-Kharif (Autumn). This adds a temporal dimension to the word. You will also start using 'fasl' in more complex sentence structures, such as possessive constructions (Idafa), like 'the teacher's classroom' (fasl al-mu'allim). You might also encounter it in the context of 'semester' or 'academic term' (al-fasl al-dirasi). The word begins to shift from a purely physical object to a concept of division in time and education.

By B1, you encounter 'fasl' in literary and organizational contexts. It becomes the standard word for 'chapter' in a book or 'section' in a report. When you read short stories or news articles, you'll see it used to divide different parts of a narrative. You will also learn the verb form 'fasala' (to separate/disconnect), which helps you understand the underlying logic of the noun. In a workplace context, you might hear about 'fasl al-muwazzaf' (the dismissal of an employee), though this is more formal. Your usage should now include more abstract descriptions and the ability to distinguish between its various meanings based on context.

At the B2 level, 'fasl' is used in more specialized and technical fields. In law and politics, it appears in the phrase 'fasl al-sulutat' (the separation of powers), a key concept in governance. You will also see it in academic writing to denote a specific 'phase' or 'segment' of a study. The word's meaning as 'decisive' or 'final' also emerges in phrases like 'al-qawl al-fasl' (the final word/decisive say). You should be comfortable using the word in debates, formal writing, and complex discussions about society and literature, understanding its nuances as a tool for categorization and finality.

At the C1 level, you explore the philosophical and linguistic depth of 'fasl'. It is used in logic to describe the 'differentia'—the characteristic that distinguishes one species from another within a genus. You will encounter it in classical Arabic texts where 'fasl al-khitab' refers to the ability to speak clearly, decisively, and with wisdom. The word becomes a tool for precision. You will be expected to use it in high-level academic discourse, perhaps discussing the 'separation' between church and state or the 'differentiation' between complex scientific theories. The focus is on the abstract power of the word to create boundaries and clarity.

At the C2 level, you master the most subtle and archaic uses of 'fasl'. This includes its use in high literature and poetry where it might signify a profound parting or a cosmic division. You will understand its role in 'ilm al-ma'ani (rhetoric), specifically the study of 'al-wasl wa al-fasl' (conjunction and disjunction) in sentence structure, which is a pinnacle of Arabic stylistic mastery. You can use the word to navigate the most intricate legal documents, classical exegesis, and contemporary political philosophy. The word 'fasl' at this level is no longer just a 'room' or a 'season'; it is a fundamental ontological concept of distinction and structural integrity in the Arabic language.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

فصل in 30 Seconds

Fasl primarily means 'classroom' in a school setting.
It also refers to the 'seasons' of the year (Winter, Spring, etc.).
In books, it means 'chapter' or 'section' of the text.
The root meaning involves 'separation' or 'distinguishing' between things.

The Arabic word فصل (faṣl) is a versatile and fundamental noun that every beginner learner encounters early in their journey. At its core, the word originates from the root f-ṣ-l, which relates to the act of separating, dividing, or distinguishing one thing from another. When you are in a school setting, a فصل is the physical 'classroom'—a space separated from the rest of the building specifically for instruction. However, because the concept of 'separation' is so broad, this word also refers to the 'seasons' of the year (as they divide the calendar) and 'chapters' of a book (as they divide the text).

Educational Context: In a school or university, it refers to the specific room where students gather. It is synonymous with 'room of study' but carries a more formal educational weight than a generic room (ghurfa).

المعلم في الـفصل الآن مع الطلاب الجدد.
(The teacher is in the classroom now with the new students.)

Temporal Context: Beyond the classroom, you will hear this word daily when discussing the weather. 'Fasl al-shita' (winter) or 'Fasl al-rabia' (spring) uses the same noun to denote a division of time.

هذا الـفصل واسع وجميل جداً.
(This classroom is very spacious and beautiful.)

Literary Context: When reading a novel or a textbook, each 'chapter' is called a 'fasl'. It represents a logical break in the narrative or information flow.

كم فصلاً في هذا الكتاب؟
(How many chapters are in this book?)

In summary, while an A1 student primarily uses it for 'classroom', understanding its root meaning of 'separation' unlocks its use in time, literature, and even law (as in the separation of powers or the dismissal of an employee).

Using 'fasl' correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that can take adjectives, be part of an Idafa (possessive) construction, and change meaning based on the words surrounding it. In a classroom context, it is often paired with school-related vocabulary.

Simple Subject/Object: You can use it as the subject of a sentence to describe a room's condition or as an object to describe an action happening within it.

دخلت الطالبة إلى الـفصل بهدوء.
(The student entered the classroom quietly.)

The Idafa Construction: To specify whose classroom it is or what kind of classroom, we use the Idafa. For example, 'fasl al-lugha' (the language classroom).

أين فصل اللغة العربية؟
(Where is the Arabic language classroom?)

نحن ننظف الـفصل كل يوم جمعة.
(We clean the classroom every Friday.)

Plural Usage: When talking about multiple rooms, use 'fusool'. Remember that non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular for adjectives.

هذه الـفصول مجهزة بأحدث التقنيات.
(These classrooms are equipped with the latest technology.)

Whether you are describing the size, the location, or the activity inside, 'fasl' remains the anchor of academic vocabulary. Practice using it with prepositions like 'fi' (in) and 'ila' (to).

Understanding the environment where 'fasl' is used helps in mastering its nuances. It isn't just a word found in textbooks; it is part of the daily rhythm of life in the Arab world.

School Announcements: In school morning assemblies or over loudspeakers, you will hear instructions like 'Please return to your classrooms' (Arju al-awda ila fusoolikum).

يا طلاب، اذهبوا إلى الـفصل فوراً.
(Students, go to the classroom immediately.)

Weather Forecasts: News anchors will use 'fasl' to describe the transition between seasons, which is a very common topic of conversation.

نحن الآن في فصل الخريف، والجو رائع.
(We are now in the autumn season, and the weather is great.)

Legal and Administrative News: In formal news reports, 'fasl' is used for the 'dismissal' of officials or 'separation' of powers in a government structure.

تم فصل الموظف بسبب غيابه المتكرر.
(The employee was dismissed due to his frequent absences.)

From the playground to the courtroom, the word 'fasl' is ubiquitous. Mastering it allows you to navigate academic, environmental, and administrative Arabic with ease.

Arabic learners often face specific hurdles when using 'fasl' due to its multiple meanings and its similarity to other words.

Confusing 'Fasl' with 'Saff': While both can mean 'class', 'Saff' (صف) literally means a 'row' or 'rank'. In school, 'Saff' refers to the grade level (e.g., Grade 5), whereas 'Fasl' refers to the physical room. Mixing these up can lead to confusion when asking for a location.

Mistake: أنا في الصف رقم ٥. (Meaning the room)
Correction: أنا في الفصل رقم ٥.

Gender Agreement with Plurals: The plural 'fusool' is non-human. Beginners often use masculine plural adjectives with it, but it requires feminine singular adjectives.

Mistake: الفصول كبار.
Correction: الفصول كبيرة.

Another mistake is forgetting that 'fasl' can also mean 'semester'. If a student says 'I finished the fasl', they might mean they finished the room (cleaning it) or finished the term. Context is key!

Arabic is rich with synonyms that vary based on formality and region. Here is how 'fasl' compares to its closest relatives.

Fasl vs. Saff (صف): 'Fasl' is the physical room. 'Saff' is the group of students or the grade level. However, in many countries, 'Saff' is used colloquially for both.

Fasl vs. Ghurfat al-Dars (غرفة الدرس): 'Ghurfat al-Dars' literally means 'Study Room'. It is more descriptive and formal. You might see this on signage in a university.

Fasl vs. Qa'ah (قاعة): 'Qa'ah' refers to a large hall or lecture theater. If a classroom is very large (like in a university), it is called a 'Qa'at muhadarat' (lecture hall) rather than a 'fasl'.

المحاضرة في القاعة الكبرى، وليس في الفصل.
(The lecture is in the big hall, not in the classroom.)

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"يتم تدريس المادة في الفصل الدراسي الثالث."

Neutral

"أين الفصل يا محمد؟"

Informal

"الفصل حر اليوم."

Child friendly

"هذا فصلنا الملون والجميل."

Slang

"عملي فصل (He played a trick on me / separated from me)."

Fun Fact

The word 'Fasl' is used in the Quran to describe the Day of Judgment as 'Yawm al-Fasl'—the Day of Sorting/Separation.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /fæs.l/

US /fɑːsl/

Stress is on the first (and only) syllable.

Rhymes With

Asl (أصل) Wasl (وصل) Nasl (نسل) Kasl (كسل) Qasl (قصل) Masl (مصل) Hasl (حسل) Basl (بسل)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'ṣ' as a plain English 's' (making it sound like 'fasl' which is not a word).
Over-emphasizing the 'l' at the end.
Confusing it with 'fasil' (فاصل) which has a long 'a'.
Adding an extra vowel sound between 's' and 'l' (like 'fas-el').
Confusing it with 'fashal' (فشل), which means failure.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text due to simple 3-letter structure.

Writing 2/5

Requires remembering the 'Sad' (ص) instead of 'Sin' (س).

Speaking 2/5

Requires correct pronunciation of the emphatic 'Sad'.

Listening 1/5

Distinct sound, easily identifiable in school contexts.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

مدرسة طالب معلم غرفة كتاب

Learn Next

مكتبة مختبر ساحة مدير امتحان

Advanced

انفصال تفصيل مفصلية استئصال فصيلة

Grammar to Know

Broken Plurals

فصل becomes فصول (fusool).

Non-human Plural Agreement

الفصول جميلة (The seasons are beautiful - feminine singular adjective).

Idafa (Possessive)

فصلُ المدرسةِ (The school's classroom).

Prepositions with Locations

في الفصل (In the classroom).

Root System (F-S-L)

Words like مفصل and تفصيل share the same root.

Examples by Level

الفصل كبير.

The classroom is big.

Subject-Adjective agreement.

أنا في الفصل.

I am in the classroom.

Use of preposition 'fi'.

هذا فصلي.

This is my classroom.

Possessive suffix '-i'.

أين الفصل؟

Where is the classroom?

Interrogative 'Ayna'.

الفصل نظيف.

The classroom is clean.

Simple nominal sentence.

ندخل الفصل.

We enter the classroom.

Present tense verb 'nadkhulu'.

الفصل فيه سبورة.

The classroom has a whiteboard.

Pronoun 'fi-hi' referring to 'fasl'.

كتابي في الفصل.

My book is in the classroom.

Locative phrase.

أحب فصل الربيع.

I love the spring season.

Fasl meaning 'season'.

نحن في الفصل الدراسي الثاني.

We are in the second semester.

Fasl meaning 'semester'.

الفصل الدراسي يبدأ غداً.

The school term starts tomorrow.

Compound noun 'al-fasl al-dirasi'.

أي فصل تفضل؟

Which season do you prefer?

Interrogative 'ay'.

الفصول الأربعة جميلة.

The four seasons are beautiful.

Plural 'fusool' with feminine adjective.

هذا فصل اللغة العربية.

This is the Arabic language classroom.

Idafa construction.

خرج الطلاب من الفصل.

The students left the classroom.

Preposition 'min'.

الفصل مزدحم اليوم.

The classroom is crowded today.

Adjective 'muzdahim'.

قرأت الفصل الأول من الرواية.

I read the first chapter of the novel.

Fasl meaning 'chapter'.

يجب فصل النفايات.

Waste must be separated.

Masdar (verbal noun) of fasala.

تم فصل الموظف من عمله.

The employee was dismissed from his job.

Passive construction meaning 'dismissal'.

هذا الفصل يتحدث عن التاريخ.

This chapter talks about history.

Fasl as a section of text.

حدث فصل في التيار الكهربائي.

A disconnection occurred in the electric current.

Fasl meaning 'disconnection'.

هناك فصل بين الدين والدولة.

There is a separation between religion and state.

Abstract noun 'separation'.

انتقلنا إلى فصل جديد من حياتنا.

We moved to a new chapter of our lives.

Metaphorical use of 'chapter'.

الفصل بين المتنازعين أمر صعب.

Separating the disputants is a difficult matter.

Gerund usage.

مبدأ فصل السلطات أساسي في الديمقراطية.

The principle of separation of powers is fundamental in democracy.

Political terminology.

كان حكم القاضي فصلاً في القضية.

The judge's ruling was decisive in the case.

Fasl meaning 'decisive'.

تم فصل التيار عن المنطقة بالكامل.

The power was cut off from the entire area.

Technical usage.

نحتاج إلى فصل الحق عن الباطل.

We need to distinguish truth from falsehood.

Moral/Abstract separation.

الفصل التعسفي يعاقب عليه القانون.

Arbitrary dismissal is punishable by law.

Legal terminology.

يعمل الجهاز على فصل الألوان.

The device works on separating colors.

Scientific usage.

هذا الكتاب يتكون من عشرة فصول.

This book consists of ten chapters.

Plural in numerical context.

قرر المدير فصل القسمين عن بعضهما.

The manager decided to separate the two departments.

Administrative usage.

أوتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم جوامع الكلم وفصل الخطاب.

The Prophet was given concise speech and decisive oratory.

Classical/Religious idiom.

الفصل المنطقي يميز النوع عن الجنس.

The logical differentia distinguishes the species from the genus.

Philosophical/Logical term.

يجب مراعاة قواعد الوصل والفصل في الكتابة.

Rules of conjunction and disjunction must be observed in writing.

Rhetorical (Balagha) term.

هذا هو القول الفصل الذي لا ريب فيه.

This is the final word in which there is no doubt.

Idiomatic expression for finality.

أدى فصل الشتاء إلى عزل القرية تماماً.

The winter season led to the complete isolation of the village.

Complex cause-effect structure.

تكمن البراعة في فصل المشاعر عن القرارات.

Skill lies in separating emotions from decisions.

Abstract psychological context.

الفصل في النزاعات الدولية يتطلب حكمة.

Arbitrating international disputes requires wisdom.

Diplomatic context.

كان كلامه فصلاً وواضحاً للغاية.

His speech was decisive and extremely clear.

Adjectival use of the noun.

إن يوم الفصل كان ميقاتاً.

Indeed, the Day of Judgement is an appointed time.

Quranic terminology (Day of Separation).

يتجلى إبداع الكاتب في حسن الفصل بين المشاهد.

The writer's creativity is evident in the excellent transition between scenes.

Literary criticism.

يعد 'الفصل' في المنطق الأرسطي ركيزة التعريف.

'Differentia' in Aristotelian logic is a pillar of definition.

Academic history of philosophy.

لا يمكننا فصل الوعي عن الوجود في هذه الفلسفة.

We cannot separate consciousness from existence in this philosophy.

Ontological discussion.

مارس القاضي سلطته في الفصل في دستورية القانون.

The judge exercised his authority in ruling on the constitutionality of the law.

High legal discourse.

الفصل بين الذات والموضوع إشكالية معرفية قديمة.

The separation between subject and object is an old epistemological problem.

Epistemology.

جاء الخطاب فصلاً بين مرحلتين تاريخيتين.

The speech acted as a dividing line between two historical eras.

Historiography.

استخدم الشاعر تقنية الفصل لتعزيز التوتر الدرامي.

The poet used the technique of disjunction to enhance dramatic tension.

Poetic analysis.

Common Collocations

فصل دراسي

فصل الشتاء

فصل السلطات

فصل الموظف

فصل الخطاب

الفصل الأول

فصل الربيع

غرفة الفصل

فصل تعسفي

فصل القوات

Common Phrases

في الفصل

— Inside the classroom or during the term.

الطلاب في الفصل.

كل فصل

— Every season or every chapter.

كل فصل له جماله.

نهاية الفصل

— The end of the semester or the end of the chapter.

نحن في نهاية الفصل.

بداية الفصل

— The beginning of the term or chapter.

في بداية الفصل الدراسي.

فصل من كتاب

— A chapter from a book.

هذا فصل من كتابي المفضل.

بين الفصول

— Between the seasons or between classrooms.

الوقت بين الفصول قصير.

فصل الصيف

— Summer season.

نسافر في فصل الصيف.

فصل الخريف

— Autumn season.

تسقط الأوراق في فصل الخريف.

قرار الفصل

— The decision of dismissal or separation.

صدر قرار الفصل اليوم.

فصل الألوان

— Separation of colors.

هذه التقنية تحسن فصل الألوان.

Often Confused With

فصل vs صف

Saff means 'row' or 'grade level'. Fasl is the physical room.

فصل vs فشل

Fashal means 'failure'. It sounds similar but has 'sh' instead of 's'.

فصل vs فاصل

Fasil is a 'gap' or 'separator'. It has a long vowel 'aa'.

Idioms & Expressions

"القول الفصل"

— The final, decisive word that ends a debate.

كلام المدير كان القول الفصل.

Formal

"فصل الخطاب"

— Eloquent, decisive, and clear speech.

يتميز بأسلوبه وفصل خطابه.

Literary

"فصل المقال"

— The definitive statement or the core of the matter.

هذا هو فصل المقال في هذه المسألة.

Academic

"فصل عن الواقع"

— To be disconnected from reality.

أفكاره فيها فصل عن الواقع.

Informal

"فصل بين الحق والباطل"

— To distinguish between right and wrong clearly.

العدل هو الفصل بين الحق والباطل.

Religious/Moral

"فصل القوات"

— A ceasefire or separation of warring parties.

تم توقيع اتفاق فصل القوات.

Political

"فصل السلطات"

— The democratic principle of checking power.

الدولة القوية تحترم فصل السلطات.

Political

"فصل تعسفي"

— Unfair dismissal from a job.

تعرض لفصل تعسفي من الشركة.

Legal

"فصل دراسي صيفي"

— Summer school/semester.

سجلت في الفصل الدراسي الصيفي.

Academic

"فصل الأنسجة"

— Biological separation of tissues.

عملية فصل الأنسجة دقيقة.

Scientific

Easily Confused

فصل vs صف (Saff)

Both translated as 'class'.

Saff is the group of people or the rank. Fasl is the space they occupy.

أنا في الصف الخامس في هذا الفصل.

فصل vs غرفة (Ghurfa)

Both refer to a room.

Ghurfa is any generic room. Fasl is specifically for education.

هذه الغرفة هي فصلنا.

فصل vs موسم (Mawsim)

Both mean 'season'.

Fasl is the astronomical season. Mawsim is often a period for an activity (e.g., Hajj season).

فصل الصيف هو موسم الإجازات.

فصل vs فصل (Verb)

Same spelling as the noun.

The verb means 'to separate' or 'to fire someone'.

المدير فصل الموظف.

فصل vs قاعة (Qa'ah)

Both used in schools.

Qa'ah is a large hall or theater. Fasl is a standard classroom.

المحاضرة في القاعة.

Sentence Patterns

X في الفصل

المعلم في الفصل.

هذا فصل X

هذا فصل اللغة.

فصل الـ X

فصل الصيف.

الفصل الـ [Ordinal]

الفصل الثاني.

تم فصل X

تم فصل الكهرباء.

مبدأ فصل X

مبدأ فصل السلطات.

X هو القول الفصل

هذا هو القول الفصل.

حسن الفصل بين X

حسن الفصل بين الفقرات.

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely frequent in education and daily weather talk.

Common Mistakes

Using 'saff' when you mean the physical room. → Use 'fasl'.
Saff is for the group or rank; Fasl is for the room.
Saying 'al-fasl al-shita'. → Say 'fasl al-shita'.
In an Idafa construction, the first word does not take 'al-'.
Pronouncing it 'fas-el'. → Pronounce it 'fasl' (one syllable).
Arabic words of this pattern (Fa'l) are monosyllabic in their root form.
Using masculine adjectives for 'fusool'. → Use feminine singular adjectives.
Non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular.
Confusing 'fasl' with 'fashal'. → Fasl (classroom) vs Fashal (failure).
The 's' (ص) vs 'sh' (ش) changes the meaning entirely.

Tips

Plural Agreement

When using the plural 'fusool', remember to use feminine singular adjectives, like 'fusool kabira' (big classrooms).

Root Learning

Learn the root F-S-L to unlock words like 'tafseel' (detail) and 'mafsil' (joint). It helps in guessing meanings.

Respect the Space

In many Arab cultures, entering a 'fasl' requires a greeting like 'As-salamu alaykum' out of respect for the teacher.

Emphatic S

Practice the 'Sad' (ص) sound. If you say it like 'Sin' (س), it won't sound natural to native speakers.

Ordinal Numbers

When labeling chapters, always use the definite article for both: Al-Fasl Al-Thani (The Second Chapter).

Context Clues

If you hear 'fasl' followed by a weather word (shita, saif), it always means season, not classroom.

Visual Link

Visualize a classroom with four windows, each showing a different season. This links the two main meanings.

Workplace Caution

Be careful with the verb 'fasala'; telling someone 'you are in fasl' sounds like 'you are being fired' in some contexts.

Semester vs Room

In a university, 'al-fasl' usually refers to the semester rather than the physical room.

Decisiveness

Use 'fasl' to describe a decision that is final and clear to sound more sophisticated in your writing.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Classroom' as a 'Section' of a school. 'Fasl' sounds like 'Fast'—students want to leave the classroom FAST.

Visual Association

Imagine a large knife cutting a cake into 'sections'. Each section is a 'fasl' (chapter, season, or classroom).

Word Web

Classroom Season Chapter Semester Dismissal Separation Decisive Section

Challenge

Try to write a sentence using 'fasl' twice with two different meanings (e.g., season and classroom).

Word Origin

From the Semitic root F-S-L, which is found in many Semitic languages meaning to cut, divide, or separate.

Original meaning: The act of creating a division or a gap between two things.

Afroasiatic -> Semitic -> Central Semitic -> Arabic.

Cultural Context

Be careful when using 'fasl' in a workplace; it can imply someone was fired (dismissed).

English speakers use 'class' for both the room and the group, but Arabic distinguishes between 'fasl' (room) and 'saff' (group).

Yawm al-Fasl (Quranic term for Judgment Day) Fasl al-Maqal (Famous book by Averroes/Ibn Rushd) Al-Fusool al-Arba'a (Famous TV show/Classical music reference)

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

School

أين فصلي؟
الفصل نظيف
ادخل الفصل
خلف الفصل

Weather

فصل الصيف
أي فصل نحن؟
تغير الفصول
فصل مطير

Reading

الفصل الأول
نهاية الفصل
فصل ممتع
كم فصلاً؟

Work

فصل من العمل
قرار الفصل
فصل تعسفي
تم فصله

Law/Politics

فصل السلطات
فصل الدين
حكم فصل
فصل القوات

Conversation Starters

"هل يعجبك هذا الفصل الدراسي؟ (Do you like this semester?)"

"في أي فصل نحن الآن؟ (Which season are we in now?)"

"هل فصلك الدراسي كبير أم صغير؟ (Is your classroom big or small?)"

"ما هو فصلك المفضل في السنة؟ (What is your favorite season of the year?)"

"هل قرأت الفصل الأخير من الكتاب؟ (Did you read the last chapter of the book?)"

Journal Prompts

صف فصلك الدراسي المثالي. (Describe your ideal classroom.)

ماذا تفعل عادة في فصل الشتاء؟ (What do you usually do in the winter season?)

تحدث عن فصل من حياتك كان صعباً. (Talk about a chapter of your life that was difficult.)

لماذا يعتبر فصل السلطات مهماً؟ (Why is the separation of powers important?)

قارن بين فصل الصيف وفصل الخريف. (Compare summer and autumn.)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, it also means season, chapter, semester, and separation depending on context.

The plural is 'fusool' (فصول), which is a broken plural.

Yes, but 'qa'ah' (hall) or 'ghurfat al-muhadara' (lecture room) is more common in universities.

It is a masculine noun (hadha fasl).

You say 'Fasl al-Shita' (فصل الشتاء).

Fasl is the room; Saff is the grade level or the row of students.

Yes, 'Yawm al-Fasl' refers to the Day of Judgment.

You say 'Al-fasl al-awwal' (الفصل الأول).

Not directly, but 'infisal' (from the same root) means separation or divorce.

It means the final, decisive statement that ends an argument.