Explanation at your level:
Hello! 発行する (hakkō suru) is a verb that means to make something official and give it out. Imagine you draw a picture and then make copies to give to your friends. That's like 発行する! You can 発行する a new book, or a ticket for a bus. It means to create it and let people have it. It's like saying 'to issue' or 'to publish' in English. For example, the school might 発行する a new rule book. You get the book, and the rule is now official!
発行する (hakkō suru) is a verb used when something is officially released or published. Think about when a new movie ticket is made available, or when a library prints new cards for its members. The cinema 発行する the tickets, and the library 発行する the cards. It’s the action of making something ready and giving it out. You might see this word on official documents, like a certificate. It means the document has been created and is now valid. It's a common verb in everyday situations involving official papers or publications.
The Japanese verb 発行する (hakkō suru) means to issue, publish, or circulate something officially. It's used when something is formally released to the public or to specific individuals. For instance, a government might 発行する a new type of identification card, or a company might 発行する its annual financial report. In the context of publishing, it means to bring a book or magazine to market. You'll often encounter this verb when dealing with official documents, tickets, currency, stocks, or publications. It signifies the act of making something available and valid.
発行する (hakkō suru) is a formal verb signifying the official release, publication, or circulation of items. Its usage extends beyond simple publishing to encompass the issuance of official documents like passports, visas, licenses, and certificates. In the financial world, it can refer to issuing stocks or bonds. The verb implies a degree of authority and officialdom behind the action. For example, a central bank 発行する new currency, or a university 発行する diplomas. Understanding the contexts in which 発行する is used—often in administrative, financial, or publishing domains—is key to grasping its precise meaning and register.
The verb 発行する (hakkō suru) denotes the formal act of releasing, publishing, or putting into circulation items that carry official status or are intended for widespread distribution. Its semantic range covers everything from the publication of literary works and periodicals to the issuance of legal documents, financial instruments, and identification. In academic or business contexts, it might refer to the issuance of academic journals, research papers, or company shares (株を発行する). The verb carries a connotation of authority and official procedure. For instance, a patent office 発行する a patent, or a city government 発行する building permits. The nuance lies in the official capacity and the formal process of making something available.
発行する (hakkō suru), derived from the Sino-Japanese compound hakkō (発行), signifies the official act of issuance, publication, or circulation. This verb is deeply embedded in administrative, legal, and commercial lexicon. Its application spans the gamut from the genesis of printed media (books, newspapers) and official documentation (passports, licenses, certificates) to the creation of financial instruments (stocks, bonds, currency). The term implies a formal process, often involving an authoritative body, and the subsequent availability of the item to a target audience. For instance, a historical society might 発行する a commemorative coin, or a regulatory agency 発行する new guidelines. The verb’s etymology, combining 'to send forth' (発) and 'to go/perform' (行), underscores the dynamic nature of releasing something into the public or official sphere. Its usage is precise, distinguishing it from more general terms like 'to make' or 'to distribute'.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Verb meaning 'to issue', 'to publish', 'to circulate'.
- Used for official documents, books, tickets, currency, stocks.
- Implies an official act or formal process.
- Key contexts: government, finance, publishing.
Hey there! Let's dive into the super useful Japanese verb 発行する (hakkō suru). Think of it as the action of officially putting something out there into the world. It’s a versatile word that covers a lot of ground, from publishing a book to issuing a passport. When you 発行する, you’re essentially making something available or valid for others to use or see. It’s a key verb in many official and everyday contexts, so understanding it will really boost your Japanese!
The core idea behind 発行する is about creation and distribution. Imagine a library 発行する a new membership card, or a company 発行する its annual report. It signifies the moment something goes from being an idea or a draft to a finalized, accessible item. This verb is often used with nouns that represent official documents, printed materials, or even events that are formally announced and made available. It’s a fundamental concept in communication and administration.
The word 発行する (hakkō suru) is a compound verb, formed from the noun 発行 (hakkō) and the auxiliary verb する (suru), which means 'to do'. The noun 発行 (hakkō) itself comes from Chinese characters. 発 (hatsu) means 'to send out', 'to launch', or 'to start', while 行 (kō) means 'to go', 'to travel', or 'to perform'. Together, 発行 (hakkō) literally means 'to send out and go', which perfectly captures the essence of issuing or publishing something – sending it out into circulation.
Historically, this term would have been used in contexts related to official pronouncements, the printing of documents, or the minting of currency. As Japan modernized and its publishing industry grew, 発行する became a standard term for releasing books, newspapers, and magazines. Similarly, in administrative contexts, it's the go-to verb for issuing licenses, certificates, and official papers. Its meaning has remained remarkably consistent, reflecting the enduring need to formally release and distribute information or official items.
So, when do we use 発行する? It's perfect for talking about things that are officially released. Think about 本を発行する (hon o hakkō suru) – to publish a book. Or パスポートを発行する (pasupōto o hakkō suru) – to issue a passport. It’s also used for things like tickets, certificates, and even money!
You’ll often see it in formal settings like government offices, libraries, and publishing houses. For example, a bank might 通帳を発行する (tsūchō o hakkō suru), meaning to issue a bankbook. A company might 株を発行する (kabu o hakkō suru), which means to issue stock. The key is that something is being officially created and made available. While it’s a standard verb, it leans towards the more formal side of language, especially when dealing with official documents.
While 発行する itself isn't typically part of many colorful idioms, the concept of 'issuing' or 'releasing' appears in related phrases. It’s more about the direct meaning of the verb.
Here are some common phrases and contexts where the idea of 'issuing' is central:
- 出版する (shuppan suru): This is a very close synonym, specifically meaning 'to publish' (books, magazines). While 発行する can cover this, 出版する is more precise for literary works.
- 交付する (kōfu suru): This verb means 'to deliver' or 'to grant' and is often used for official documents that are handed over to someone, like a license or certificate. It emphasizes the act of giving it to the recipient.
- 配布する (haifu suru): This means 'to distribute' or 'to hand out', usually for free items like flyers or samples. It's about spreading things widely.
- 発売する (hatsubai suru): This means 'to go on sale' or 'to release for sale'. It's used for products, tickets, and anything you buy.
- 発行年月日 (hakkō nengappi): This is a set phrase meaning 'date of issue', commonly found on official documents.
Understanding these related terms helps clarify the specific nuance of 発行する, which focuses on the official release and circulation of items.
発行する (hakkō suru) is a Group 2 verb (ichidan verb) in Japanese, which makes its conjugation quite straightforward. For example, the past tense is 発行しました (hakkō shimashita), and the te-form is 発行して (hakkō shite). The noun form is simply 発行 (hakkō).
Pronunciation-wise, the stress is fairly even across the syllables, with a slight emphasis on the first part: HAK-kō. The 'kō' sound is a long 'o' sound. When you hear it, pay attention to that elongated vowel. Native speakers usually pronounce it quite clearly. There aren't really plural forms for this verb itself, as it describes an action. However, the *things* being issued can be plural, like 'multiple books' (複数の本 - fukusū no hon).
Fun Fact
The character 行 (kō) also appears in words like 'transportation' (交通 - kōtsū) and 'journey' (旅行 - ryokō), highlighting its core meaning of movement.
Pronunciation Guide
Sounds like 'hahk-koh', with a slightly longer 'o' sound at the end.
Similar to UK, 'hahk-koh', the 'o' sound is distinct.
Common Errors
- Pronouncing the double 'k' too lightly.
- Shortening the final 'o' sound.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound between 'k' and 'o'.
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Common in written contexts, especially formal ones.
Essential for official communication and publishing contexts.
Used in specific situations, less frequent in casual chat.
Recognizable in announcements and official information.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Verb Conjugation (Group 2/Ichidan)
発行する -> 発行しました (past polite)
Passive Voice
本が 発行される (A book is published)
Particles (を, が)
本を発行する (issue a book) vs. 本が発行される (a book is issued)
Examples by Level
本を 発行します。
Book issue-do.
します is the polite present tense.
学校が チケットを 発行します。
School issue-do ticket.
を marks the direct object.
新しい カードを 発行します。
New card issue-do.
新しい (atarashii) means 'new'.
新聞を 発行します。
Newspaper issue-do.
新聞 (shinbun) means 'newspaper'.
パスポートを 発行します。
Passport issue-do.
パスポート (pasupōto) is a loanword for 'passport'.
この本は いつ 発行しましたか。
This book is when issue-did?
しました is the polite past tense.
会社が お金を 発行します。
Company issue-do money.
お金 (okane) means 'money'.
チケットを 発行してください。
Ticket issue-do please.
〜てください is a polite request.
図書館は 新しい 本を 発行しました。
Library new book issued.
しました is the polite past tense of する.
銀行が 通帳を 発行します。
Bank account book issues.
通帳 (tsūchō) means 'bankbook'.
この証明書は いつ 発行されましたか。
This certificate when issued?
されました is the passive polite past tense.
イベントの チケットが 発行されます。
Event's tickets will be issued.
されます is the polite passive future/present tense.
会社は 新しい 株を 発行する 予定です。
Company new stocks issue plan is.
予定です (yotei desu) means 'plans to'.
この雑誌は 毎月 発行されます。
This magazine every month is issued.
毎月 (maitsuki) means 'every month'.
発行された 書類は 大切に 保管してください。
Issued documents carefully please keep.
書類 (shorui) means 'documents'.
新しい 運転免許証が 発行されました。
New driver's license was issued.
運転免許証 (unten menkyoshō) means 'driver's license'.
政府は 新しい 政策に関する 資料を 発行した。
Government new policy regarding materials issued.
した is the plain past tense of する.
この美術展の チケットは オンラインで 発行できます。
This art exhibition's tickets online can be issued.
できます (dekimasu) means 'can do'.
来週、大学が 卒業証書を 発行する 予定です。
Next week university graduation certificates issue plan is.
卒業証書 (sotsugyō shōsho) means 'diploma'.
発行された 論文は 学会誌に 掲載される。
Issued papers academic journal in will be published.
掲載される (keisai sareru) means 'to be published/featured'.
古い 通貨は 回収され、新しい 通貨が 発行された。
Old currency collected, new currency issued.
通貨 (tsūka) means 'currency'.
この証明書は 発行日から 5年間 有効です。
This certificate issue date from 5 years valid is.
有効 (yūkō) means 'valid'.
出版社は その作家の 新作を 今月 発行する。
Publisher that author's new work this month will issue.
新作 (shinsaku) means 'new work'.
発行元に 問い合わせたところ、再発行は 可能だと 回答があった。
Issuer to inquired, re-issuance possible reply was.
再発行 (sai-hakkō) means 're-issue'.
中央銀行は インフレ抑制のため、新たな金融政策を 発行した。
Central bank inflation control for, new monetary policy issued.
金融政策 (kin’yū seisaku) means 'monetary policy'.
この記念切手は 限定版で、コレクターの間で 高値で 発行・取引されている。
This commemorative stamp limited edition, collectors among high price issued/traded.
記念切手 (kinen kitte) means 'commemorative stamp'.
企業が 資金調達のために 新株を発行する 際には、厳格な 法的手続きが必要となる。
Company funds procurement for new shares issue when, strict legal procedures necessary become.
資金調達 (shikin chōtatsu) means 'fundraising'.
発行された 報告書によると、昨年の 経済成長率は 予想を 上回った。
Issued report according to, last year's economic growth rate expectations exceeded.
経済成長率 (keizai seichō ritsu) means 'economic growth rate'.
古い 図書館の 資料は デジタル化され、オンラインで 閲覧可能に 発行された。
Old library materials digitized, online viewable issued.
デジタル化され (dejitaru-ka sare) means 'being digitized'.
発行元は、紛失した 書類について 再発行の手続きを 案内した。
Issuer, lost documents regarding re-issue procedure guided.
案内した (annai shita) means 'guided/informed'.
その芸術家は、自身の作品集を 限定部数で 自費発行した。
That artist, own art collection limited copies self-funded published.
自費発行 (jihi hakkō) means 'self-publication'.
この地域では、新たな観光パンフレットが 各施設に 配布されるとともに、ウェブサイトでも 発行された。
This region in, new tourism pamphlets each facility distributed along with, website also issued.
観光パンフレット (kankō panfuretto) means 'tourism pamphlet'.
当該企業は、市場の流動性確保のため、追加の社債を発行する方針を 固めた。
Said company, market liquidity securing for, additional corporate bonds issue policy solidified.
社債 (shasai) means 'corporate bonds'.
発行された 論文は、査読プロセスを経て、学術界に 大きな 影響を与えることが 期待される。
Published papers, peer review process through, academic world significant impact give expected.
査読プロセス (sadoku purosesu) means 'peer review process'.
この歴史的文書は、当時の社会情勢を反映した貴重な資料として、限定版で 発行されることになった。
This historical document, contemporary social conditions reflecting valuable material as, limited edition published decided.
社会情勢 (shakai jōsei) means 'social conditions'.
発行元は、偽造防止のため、最新のホログラム技術を 施した紙幣を 発行する予定だ。
Issuer, forgery prevention for, latest hologram technology applied banknotes issue plan.
偽造防止 (gizō bōshi) means 'anti-counterfeiting'.
デジタル証券の発行は、ブロックチェーン技術を活用することで、従来のプロセスよりも 格段に効率化される。
Digital securities issuance, blockchain technology utilizing by, traditional process than significantly more efficient.
デジタル証券 (dejitaru shōken) means 'digital securities'.
発行された 調査報告書は、今後の政策立案における 重要な基礎資料となるだろう。
Issued research report, future policy making in important foundational material become will.
政策立案 (seisaku ritsuan) means 'policy making'.
そのバンドは、デビューアルバムを インディーズレーベルから 自主発行し、熱狂的な ファンを獲得した。
That band, debut album independent label from self-published, enthusiastic fans gained.
自主発行 (jishu hakkō) means 'independent publication'.
発行される 予定の 新刊書は、著名な 批評家からの 賛辞を 既に 受けている。
To be published new book, renowned critics from praise already received.
賛辞 (sanji) means 'praise'.
当該国際機関は、加盟国間の経済協力促進を目的として、新たな共通通貨の発行を 検討している。
Said international organization, member states between economic cooperation promotion purpose for, new common currency issuance consideration is.
加盟国 (kamei koku) means 'member state'.
発行された 考古学的発見に関する論文は、既存の歴史観に 疑問を 投げかける 刺激的な 内容であった。
Published archaeological discovery regarding papers, existing view of history doubt cast stimulating content was.
考古学的発見 (kōkogaku-teki hakken) means 'archaeological discovery'.
その芸術家は、社会批評を 込めた一連の版画作品を 限定部数で 自費発行し、美術界に 衝撃を与えた。
That artist, social critique embedding series of prints limited copies self-published, art world shock gave.
版画作品 (hanga sakuhin) means 'print works'.
発行元は、文化遺産の保護と普及のため、貴重な古文書の精密な複製版を 発行するプロジェクトを 立ち上げた。
Issuer, cultural heritage protection and dissemination for, precious ancient documents precise facsimile edition published project launched.
文化遺産 (bunka isan) means 'cultural heritage'.
電子書籍の普及に伴い、従来の紙媒体での出版に加え、多様なフォーマットでの発行が 一般化しつつある。
E-books proliferation accompanying, traditional paper media publishing addition, various formats issuance becoming common.
電子書籍 (denshi shoseki) means 'e-books'.
発行された 経済予測レポートは、その精緻な分析と包括的な視点から、多くの専門家に 評価されている。
Issued economic forecast report, its meticulous analysis and comprehensive perspective from, many experts by evaluated.
精緻な (seichi na) means 'meticulous'.
その作家は、自身の文学的ビジョンを実現するため、出版社を 設立し、作品を 自ら 発行するという異例の道を選んだ。
That author, own literary vision realize for, publishing company established, works self issued unusual path chose.
文学的ビジョン (bungaku-teki bijon) means 'literary vision'.
発行される 予定の 科学雑誌は、最先端の研究成果を 網羅し、国際的な 注目を 集めている。
To be published scientific journal, cutting-edge research results covers, international attention gathering.
最先端 (saisentan) means 'cutting-edge'.
Common Collocations
Idioms & Expressions
"発行年月日"
Date of issue
パスポートの 発行年月日を 教えてください。
neutral"発行元"
Issuer; Publisher
この保証書の 発行元は どこですか。
neutral"発行停止"
Suspension of issue/publication
その雑誌は 経営難のため 発行停止になった。
neutral"発行部数"
Circulation number; Number of copies issued
この新聞の 発行部数は 非常に多い。
neutral"発行記念"
Commemoration of issue/publication
発行記念の 特別号が 出た。
neutral"発行禁止"
Ban on publication/issuance
その書籍は 内容が 不適切だと され、発行禁止となった。
formalEasily Confused
Both relate to making things available.
出版する is specific to books, magazines, newspapers. 発行する is broader, including documents, tickets, currency, etc.
小説を 出版する (publish a novel) vs. パスポートを発行する (issue a passport).
Both involve making something available to others.
発売する means 'to release for sale'. 発行する means 'to issue' or 'publish' officially, not necessarily for sale.
新製品を 発売する (release a new product for sale) vs. 運転免許証を発行する (issue a driver's license).
Both involve giving things to people.
配布する means 'to distribute' or 'hand out', often free items like flyers or samples. 発行する is the official act of creation and release.
チラシを 配布する (distribute flyers) vs. チケットを発行する (issue tickets).
Both are used for official documents.
交付する specifically means 'to grant' or 'deliver' an official document *to someone*. 発行する is the act of creating and releasing it.
免許証を発行し、それを 交付する (Issue the license and deliver it to them).
Sentence Patterns
Noun + を + 発行する
会社は 新株を 発行した。
Noun + が + 発行される
新しいパスポートが 発行される。
発行年月日 + は + Date
発行年月日は 2023年10月26日です。
発行元 + は + Noun
発行元は 国際連合です。
Noun + を + 発行する + ために/目的で
資金を 集めるために、株を発行した。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Formality Scale
Common Mistakes
発売する is for releasing products for sale. 発行する is for official documents like licenses or certificates.
配布する means to hand out flyers or samples. Tickets, especially for events or transport, are typically issued (発行する).
発行する is the action (e.g., 'to issue'), while 発行 is the result or concept (e.g., 'the issue' or 'publication').
出版する is specific to books and similar publications. 発行する is broader and covers documents, tickets, currency, etc.
For example, the past tense is 発行しました (hakkō shimashita), not 発行かった (hakkō katta).
Tips
Connect 'Hakkō' to 'Hatch' and 'Go'
Imagine hatching a plan to 'go' out and officially release something important, like a new product or a decree.
Think 'Official Release'
Whenever you encounter a situation involving an official release of documents, publications, currency, or tickets, 'hakkō suru' is likely the correct verb.
Authority and Formal Process
The verb implies an action taken by an authority or through a formal process. It's not for casual sharing.
Group 2 Verb Ease
Remember it's an ichidan (Group 2) verb. Conjugations like ～ます, ～ました, ～て, ～ない are straightforward: just add them to the stem 発行 (hakkō).
Emphasize the Double 'K'
Make sure to pronounce the double 'k' sound clearly (hak-kō) and hold the final 'o' sound slightly longer.
Avoid 'Selling' vs. 'Issuing'
Don't confuse 発行する (issue/publish) with 発売する (release for sale). Issuing a passport isn't selling it.
Character Roots
The characters 発 (send out) and 行 (go) give a visual clue: sending something out on its way.
Contextual Flashcards
Create flashcards with example sentences. On one side: 'The bank ___ a new card.' On the other: 'issues (発行します)'.
Distinguish from 'Distribute'
While issuing often leads to distribution, 発行する focuses on the initial official release, whereas 配布する means to hand out widely.
Passive Voice Importance
Pay attention to the passive form 発行される (hakkō sareru), as it's very common when discussing documents or items that have been issued.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone 'hatching' (sounds like 'hak') a plan to 'go' (sounds like 'kō') out and issue invitations for a party.
Visual Association
Picture a printing press actively producing books or official documents, with the word 'ISSUED' stamped on them.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to list 5 different things you might need to 'issue' or 'publish' in your daily life.
Word Origin
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)
Original meaning: 発 (hatsu) - to send out, to launch; 行 (kō) - to go, to perform. Together: to send out and go, i.e., to issue or circulate.
Cultural Context
None specifically, but the act of issuing can imply authority, so context is important.
In English-speaking cultures, the concept of 'issuing' is similar, applied to documents, currency, and publications. Terms like 'publish', 'release', 'print', and 'distribute' are used depending on the context.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
At the government office (e.g., issuing passports, licenses)
- パスポートを 発行してください。
- この書類は いつ 発行されましたか？
- 発行元は どこですか？
At a bank (e.g., issuing bankbooks, statements)
- 通帳を 発行してもらえますか。
- 発行された 取引履歴を ください。
- 発行手数料は いくらですか？
Publishing industry (e.g., books, magazines)
- この小説は 来月 発行されます。
- 発行部数を 教えてください。
- 出版社が 新刊を 発行した。
Events and transportation (e.g., issuing tickets)
- イベントの チケットを 発行します。
- 往復切符を 発行してください。
- 発行された 座席番号は 3番です。
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever had to get a new passport issued? What was the process like?"
"What kind of books do you enjoy reading? Have you ever seen a book published by a small, independent press?"
"If you could issue your own currency, what would it look like and what would be its value?"
"Do you think digital documents will completely replace paper ones in the future? How will that change the concept of 'issuing'?"
"Imagine you're starting a magazine. What would be the first issue about?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you received an important official document. What was it, who issued it, and what did it mean to you?
Write a short story about a fictional world where people issue 'happiness certificates' instead of money. How does society function?
Reflect on the process of publishing. What are the challenges and rewards for authors and publishers?
If you were to 'issue' a new rule for your household or workplace, what would it be and why?
Frequently Asked Questions
8 questions出版する specifically refers to publishing books, magazines, or newspapers. 発行する is broader and includes issuing official documents, tickets, currency, stocks, etc.
Generally no. For releasing music, you would more likely use 発売する (hatsubai suru - to release for sale) or リリースする (rirīsu suru - to release).
Yes, it can be used for digital publications or official digital documents, though terms like 'release' or 'publish' might also be used depending on context.
It means 'date of issue' and is commonly found on official documents like certificates, licenses, or passports.
Yes, it is transitive. It takes a direct object marked by を (o), like in 本を発行する (issue a book).
The noun form is 発行 (hakkō), meaning 'issuance' or 'publication'.
You use the passive form when the focus is on the item being issued, rather than who is doing the issuing. For example, 'The ticket will be issued' (チケットが発行される).
Not directly for the event itself. You might issue tickets *for* an event (イベントのチケットを発行する), but you don't 'issue' the event itself. For events, you might use words like 開催する (kaisai suru - to hold/host).
Test Yourself
銀行は 新しい ___ を 発行します。
銀行 (ginkō - bank) typically issues 通帳 (tsūchō - bankbook).
「発行する」の意味は？ (What is the meaning of 'hakkō suru'?)
発行する means to issue or publish.
「発行する」は、主に個人的な手紙を書くときに使われます。(Hakkō suru is mainly used when writing personal letters.)
発行する is used for official or public releases, not personal letters.
Word
Meaning
Match the item with the correct action of issuing/publishing.
The sentence means 'The company issued stock to raise funds.'
この証明書は 発行日から １年間 ___ です。
有効 (yūkō) means 'valid', fitting the context of a certificate's duration.
以下のうち、最もフォーマルな文脈で「発行する」が使われるのはどれですか？ (Which of the following uses 'hakkō suru' in the most formal context?)
Issuing currency by a central bank is a highly formal and official act.
「発行する」は、単に物を「作る」という意味だけでなく、公式な手続きを経て世に出すニュアンスが含まれる。(Hakkō suru doesn't just mean 'to make' something, but implies releasing it officially through a formal procedure.)
The verb carries a strong sense of official release and validation.
その企業は、市場の ___ を確保するため、追加の社債を発行する方針を固めた。
流動性 (ryūdōsei - liquidity) is a key financial term related to issuing bonds.
The sentence describes launching a project to issue precise reproductions of ancient documents for cultural heritage preservation.
Score: /10
Summary
Use 発行する when something is officially released or made available, especially documents and publications.
- Verb meaning 'to issue', 'to publish', 'to circulate'.
- Used for official documents, books, tickets, currency, stocks.
- Implies an official act or formal process.
- Key contexts: government, finance, publishing.
Connect 'Hakkō' to 'Hatch' and 'Go'
Imagine hatching a plan to 'go' out and officially release something important, like a new product or a decree.
Think 'Official Release'
Whenever you encounter a situation involving an official release of documents, publications, currency, or tickets, 'hakkō suru' is likely the correct verb.
Authority and Formal Process
The verb implies an action taken by an authority or through a formal process. It's not for casual sharing.
Group 2 Verb Ease
Remember it's an ichidan (Group 2) verb. Conjugations like ～ます, ～ました, ～て, ～ない are straightforward: just add them to the stem 発行 (hakkō).
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More business words
遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
