Flood refers to an excessive overflow of water, often causing disaster.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Overflow of water beyond normal limits.
- A common natural disaster.
- Can be used metaphorically.
Overview
洪水（hóngshuǐ）是一个中文名词，指水量异常增多，超过正常界限而淹没土地的现象。这是一种常见的自然灾害，对人类社会和自然环境都可能造成严重影响。根据成因和影响范围，洪水可以分为多种类型，如暴雨洪水、融雪洪水、冰凌洪水、风暴潮洪水和人工溃决洪水等。
在日常交流中，“洪水”一词常用于描述自然灾害的发生。例如，“今年的洪水非常严重，许多房屋被毁。” 此外，“洪水”也可以用于比喻，形容某种事物数量巨大、来势汹汹，难以阻挡。例如，“信息洪水”指信息量过大，使人难以处理。
洪水一词经常出现在与天气、灾害、新闻报道、地理和环境保护相关的语境中。例如：
比喻用法：“他分享了太多不相关的内容，简直是社交媒体上的洪水。”
与“洪水”相似的词语包括“水灾”（shuǐzāi）和“泛滥”（fànlàn）。
- 水灾：更侧重于洪水造成的灾难性后果，强调损失和破坏。
- 泛滥：更侧重于水流的蔓延和扩散，不一定指灾害，也可以指河流、湖泊等水体超出正常范围的状态。
例如：
- “今年的水灾造成了巨大的经济损失。”（强调灾难性后果）
- “大雨导致河水泛滥，淹没了农田。”（描述水流蔓延的状态）
“洪水”则是一个更中性、更直接描述现象的词语。
Examples
今年的夏天雨水特别多，长江流域发生了严重的洪水。
newsThis summer had a lot of rain, and severe floods occurred in the Yangtze River basin.
面对突如其来的洪水，村民们迅速撤离到了安全地带。
everydayFaced with the sudden flood, the villagers quickly evacuated to a safe area.
别再给我发那些无聊的链接了，简直是信息的洪水！
informalStop sending me those boring links, it's a flood of information!
我们需要建立更完善的防洪体系，以应对日益严峻的洪水威胁。
formalWe need to establish a more comprehensive flood control system to cope with the increasingly severe threat of floods.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
洪水猛兽
a flood and a beast (idiom for something extremely disastrous)
洪水过后
after the flood
防洪
flood control
Often Confused With
Flood (洪水) describes the overflow of water itself. Disaster caused by flood (水灾) emphasizes the negative consequences and damage caused by the flood.
Flood (洪水) specifically refers to an overflow of water that causes inundation, often implying a disaster. To spread extensively (泛滥) is a broader term for water spreading beyond its limits, which may or may not be disastrous.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The term '洪水' is commonly used in news reports, geographical contexts, and discussions about natural disasters. It can also be used metaphorically to describe an overwhelming amount of something. Its literal meaning refers to a physical event, while its metaphorical use describes a situation of excess.
Common Mistakes
Learners might confuse '洪水' (flood) with '水灾' (flood disaster) or '干旱' (drought). Ensure to use '洪水' for the event of water overflowing and '水灾' for the resulting disaster. Avoid using '洪水' for general situations of abundance unless it's a clear metaphor.
Tips
Understand Flood Causes
Floods can be caused by heavy rain, melting snow, or storm surges. Knowing the cause helps understand the situation.
Heed Flood Warnings
Always pay attention to official flood warnings and evacuation orders. Your safety is paramount.
Historical Significance
Historically, major rivers like the Yellow River in China were known as 'China's Sorrow' due to frequent devastating floods.
Word Origin
The character '洪' (hóng) originally depicted a large flow of water. The character '水' (shuǐ) means water. Together, '洪水' literally means 'large water' or 'water flood'. The character '洪' itself implies vastness or greatness.
Cultural Context
Floods have played a significant role in Chinese history and culture, often seen as a test of governance and a source of hardship. Ancient Chinese mythology and historical records frequently mention floods, and flood control has been a continuous effort throughout Chinese civilization.
Memory Tip
Imagine a 'flood' of 'red' (红 hóng) water engulfing everything. The character '洪' (hóng) looks like water (氵) with a 'red' (红 hóng) top, symbolizing a large, overwhelming amount of water.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions洪水（flood）是指水量异常增多，超过正常界限的现象。水灾（disaster caused by flood）则更侧重于洪水所带来的灾难性后果，如房屋被毁、人员伤亡等。
“洪水猛兽”是一个成语，比喻极其凶恶、危害巨大的事物。它源于古代人们对洪水和野兽的恐惧，认为它们是难以抵御的灾害。
除了自然原因如强降雨和融雪，人为因素也可能导致洪水，例如水坝或堤坝的溃决，以及不合理的城市排水系统设计。
你可以说：“连续几天的暴雨引发了严重的洪水，许多村庄都被淹没了。” 或者比喻性地说：“网络上关于这个话题的讨论，简直是一股信息的洪水。”
Test Yourself
连续的暴雨导致河水上涨，引发了严重的______。
根据句意，连续暴雨导致河水上涨淹没土地，应填“洪水”。
以下哪个选项最能描述“信息洪水”的含义？
“信息洪水”是比喻用法，指信息量过载，难以消化和管理。
请用“洪水”、“威胁”、“家园”和“安全”来造句。
选项A“洪水威胁着家园的安全”逻辑清晰，语意连贯，符合常规表达。
Score: /3
Summary
Flood refers to an excessive overflow of water, often causing disaster.
- Overflow of water beyond normal limits.
- A common natural disaster.
- Can be used metaphorically.
Understand Flood Causes
Floods can be caused by heavy rain, melting snow, or storm surges. Knowing the cause helps understand the situation.
Heed Flood Warnings
Always pay attention to official flood warnings and evacuation orders. Your safety is paramount.
Historical Significance
Historically, major rivers like the Yellow River in China were known as 'China's Sorrow' due to frequent devastating floods.
Examples
4 of 4今年的夏天雨水特别多，长江流域发生了严重的洪水。
This summer had a lot of rain, and severe floods occurred in the Yangtze River basin.
面对突如其来的洪水，村民们迅速撤离到了安全地带。
Faced with the sudden flood, the villagers quickly evacuated to a safe area.
别再给我发那些无聊的链接了，简直是信息的洪水！
Stop sending me those boring links, it's a flood of information!
我们需要建立更完善的防洪体系，以应对日益严峻的洪水威胁。
We need to establish a more comprehensive flood control system to cope with the increasingly severe threat of floods.
