Use '尚且' to show that even a simpler case is true, implying a more extreme case is even more so.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Indicates a progression or contrast in degree.
- Used to emphasize 'even' or 'still' in a comparative sense.
- Common in formal writing and arguments.
Overview
“尚且”是一个副词，主要用于连接两个并列的句子或词组，表示一种程度的递进或对比。它强调的是，即使在某个相对简单、基础或不那么极端的情况下，情况都已经如此了，那么在更进一步、更复杂或更极端的情况下，情况就更是如此了。它常常带有一定的惊讶、意外或强调的语气。
在表示“仍然”或“还在”时，“尚且”通常也暗示着某种意料之外或与预期不符的情况。例如，事情本应如此，但“尚且”表明了它还在继续，或者比预想的更持久。
总的来说，“尚且”的核心功能是建立一种逻辑上的递进或对比关系，以突出后半部分所描述情况的必然性、严重性或意外性。
**连接递进关系**：用于连接两个并列的成分，后一个成分比前一个成分程度更深。
结构：A 尚且...，B 更/何况...
例如：这么小的孩子尚且知道爱护花草，何况是成年人呢？
**连接对比关系**：强调即使在某种不理想或困难的情况下，情况也已经如此。
结构：连...尚且如此，更何况...
例如：连他这样的人尚且如此，何况是普通人呢？
**表示“仍然”或“还在”**：带有一定的意外或强调语气。
例如：他已经很老了，尚且能坚持每天锻炼。
**用于否定句**：有时也用于否定句，表示“还不至于”、“并非如此”。
例如：他的错误尚且可以原谅，但他的态度却不能容忍。
“尚且”常出现在：
- 议论和评论：在分析问题、发表观点时，用来加强论证的力度。
- 文学作品：用于塑造人物性格、渲染气氛或表达作者的感慨。
- 书面语：尤其在正式场合或文章中较为常见。
- 对比和比较：在需要突出事物之间的差异或相似性时使用。
**何况 (hékuàng)**：与“尚且”搭配使用，表示“更不用说”、“更何况”。“何况”本身也可以独立使用，表示更进一步的推论。
例：连他尚且不知道，何况是你呢？
**甚至 (shènzhì)**：表示达到某种程度，强调其极端性。“甚至”更侧重于达到某个程度，而“尚且”更侧重于递进或对比。
例：他病得很重，甚至说不出话来。（侧重程度）
例：连他尚且如此，何况其他人？（侧重递进/对比）
**就连 (jiùlián)**：与“尚且”常连用，起强调作用，相当于“连”。
例：就连他尚且不能成功，何况别人呢？
**仍然 (réngrán)** / **依旧 (yījiù)**：表示情况没有改变，持续下去。“仍然”和“依旧”更中性，而“尚且”常带有对比或意外的意味。
例：天色已晚，他仍然在工作。（中性）
例：他已经退休了，尚且坚持每天学习。（带有意外/强调）
Examples
这么小的孩子尚且知道要分享，何况是成年人呢？
everydayEven such a young child knows to share, let alone adults?
连他尚且不能理解这个简单的道理，更何况是其他人。
formalEven he cannot understand this simple logic, let alone others.
他已经退休了，尚且坚持每天锻炼，真不容易。
informalHe has already retired, yet he still insists on exercising every day, which is really not easy.
在资源匮乏的情况下，该地区尚且能维持基本运转，实属不易。
academicUnder conditions of resource scarcity, it is indeed remarkable that the region can still maintain basic operations.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
连他尚且不知
Even he doesn't know
尚且如此
is already like this
尚且不能
cannot even
Often Confused With
'何况' is typically used in the second part of a comparative or progressive statement, meaning 'let alone' or 'even more so'. '尚且' is usually in the first part, meaning 'even'.
'甚至' emphasizes reaching a certain extreme point or degree. '尚且' focuses more on the progression or contrast between two states or subjects.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Generally used in more formal contexts or written Chinese. It implies a logical progression or contrast. Be mindful of the tone; it can express surprise or emphasize a point strongly. Ensure the comparison or progression is clear.
Common Mistakes
Confusing its usage with simpler adverbs like '仍然' (still) without the comparative or progressive nuance. Incorrectly placing it in casual spoken language where it might sound unnatural. Misunderstanding the logical flow, implying a contrast or progression where none exists.
Tips
Emphasize a point strongly
Use '尚且' when you want to highlight that even a basic or less extreme situation is already a certain way, making a more advanced or extreme situation even more so.
Avoid overuse in casual talk
'尚且' is more common in written and formal Chinese. Overusing it in casual conversation might sound unnatural or overly literary.
Logical argumentation
The structure 'A 尚且..., B 更/何况...' is a common pattern in Chinese rhetoric to build a strong logical argument by showing a clear progression or contrast.
Word Origin
The character '尚' (shàng) originally meant 'esteem' or 'value', but evolved to mean 'still', 'yet', or 'even'. '且' (qiě) means 'and' or 'moreover'. Together, '尚且' emphasizes a state that continues or exists, often to a surprising degree.
Cultural Context
The use of '尚且' often reflects a cultural emphasis on logical reasoning and argumentation, particularly in formal discourse and classical Chinese literature. It's a tool to persuade by establishing clear comparisons and progressions.
Memory Tip
Think of '尚且' as 'still' plus a little 'wow!' factor. It's like saying, 'Even *this* happened, can you believe it? Imagine what else!'
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“尚且”通常用在前半句，表示“即使是...”，而“何况”用在后半句，表示“更不用说...”。它们经常连用，构成“A尚且...，何况B...”的句式，强调B的情况比A更甚。
“尚且”相对来说更偏向书面语，在口语中不太常用，尤其是在非正式场合。但在一些需要表达较强语气或进行对比的场合，偶尔也会听到。
当“尚且”表示“仍然”时，它常常带有一种出乎意料或需要强调的意味，暗示情况比预想的更持久或更令人惊讶。而“仍然”则比较中性，仅仅表示状态的持续。
不一定。虽然“尚且”常用于递进关系，但也可以用于表示对比，即即使在某种不理想的情况下，情况也已经如此，暗示在更理想的情况下就更是如此了。
Test Yourself
连这么小的孩子___知道要分享，何况是大人呢？
这里需要表示递进或对比关系，即“即使是小孩子都知道”，用“尚且”最合适。
选择哪句话最恰当地使用了“尚且”？
选项2的“连他尚且能坚持完成，何况是我们呢？”清晰地表达了递进关系：即使是他（可能不被看好的人）都能坚持，更不用说我们了。
请将以下词语组合成一个符合逻辑的句子：孩子，知道，爱护，花草，何况，成年人，尚且。
这个句子构建了一个清晰的递进对比：连小孩子都知道爱护花草，更不用说成年人了，符合“尚且”的用法。
Score: /3
Summary
Use '尚且' to show that even a simpler case is true, implying a more extreme case is even more so.
- Indicates a progression or contrast in degree.
- Used to emphasize 'even' or 'still' in a comparative sense.
- Common in formal writing and arguments.
Emphasize a point strongly
Use '尚且' when you want to highlight that even a basic or less extreme situation is already a certain way, making a more advanced or extreme situation even more so.
Avoid overuse in casual talk
'尚且' is more common in written and formal Chinese. Overusing it in casual conversation might sound unnatural or overly literary.
Logical argumentation
The structure 'A 尚且..., B 更/何况...' is a common pattern in Chinese rhetoric to build a strong logical argument by showing a clear progression or contrast.
Examples
4 of 4这么小的孩子尚且知道要分享，何况是成年人呢？
Even such a young child knows to share, let alone adults?
连他尚且不能理解这个简单的道理，更何况是其他人。
Even he cannot understand this simple logic, let alone others.
他已经退休了，尚且坚持每天锻炼，真不容易。
He has already retired, yet he still insists on exercising every day, which is really not easy.
在资源匮乏的情况下，该地区尚且能维持基本运转，实属不易。
Under conditions of resource scarcity, it is indeed remarkable that the region can still maintain basic operations.
Related Content
Related Vocabulary
More daily_life words
朝九晚五
B2From nine to five; regular working hours.
未免
B2Rather; a bit too; truly (implies something excessive).
废弃
B2To abandon; to discard; to cease to use.
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
B2abnormal, unusual
充裕
B2Abundant; ample.
充沛
B2Abundant; plentiful; full of energy.
门禁卡
B2Access card; entry card.
门禁
B2Access control (system).
配件
B2Fittings; accessories; spare parts.
