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A1 noun #2,832 mais comum 7 min de leitura

偽造

gizō
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 偽造 em 30 segundos
Explicação 偽造 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use '偽造' (gizou) in your own speaking yet, as it is a very advanced word. However, you might see it on signs or in simple news headlines. Think of it simply as 'making a fake thing.' For example, if you see a sign at a train station about '偽造カード' (gizou kaado), just know it means 'fake cards' are bad. At this stage, focus on the first character '偽' (nise), which means 'fake.' You might know '偽物' (nisemono - fake thing). 'Gizou' is just the formal, adult way to say someone made a fake document or money. It is like the difference between saying 'a fake' and 'a forgery.'
At the A2 level, you can start to recognize '偽造' as a 'Suru-verb.' This means you can say '偽造する' (to forge). You might encounter this word when reading basic news articles about crime or watching Japanese dramas. It's helpful to know that this word is used for documents like passports or money. If you are traveling, knowing '偽造パスポート' (gizou pasupooto - forged passport) is useful for understanding immigration rules. Remember: 偽造 is for *making* the fake thing. If you just *have* a fake thing, you call it a '偽物' (nisemono). If you *made* it to trick someone, that action is '偽造'.
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At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance of '偽造' compared to 'コピー' (copy). While a 'copy' is just a duplicate, '偽造' always implies that the person is doing something illegal or wrong. You will see this word often in news reports about '偽造通貨' (counterfeit money). You should also be able to use it in the passive voice: '偽造された' (was forged). For example, 'この書類は偽造されたものです' (This document was forged). This level requires you to understand that '偽造' is a formal word used in business, law, and news, and it shouldn't be used for simple jokes or casual lies.
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At the B2 level, you should be familiar with compound nouns involving '偽造.' These include '公文書偽造' (forgery of public documents) and '有価証券偽造' (forgery of securities). You should also understand the legal implications: in Japan, '偽造' is a serious crime. You can start using the word to discuss social issues, such as identity theft or financial fraud. You should also be able to distinguish it from '変造' (henzou - alteration). While '偽造' is creating a fake from nothing, '変造' is changing a real thing to make it look like something else. This distinction is important for higher-level reading comprehension and formal discussions.
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At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the legal and technical contexts of '偽造.' You should be able to discuss the 'intent to use' (行使の目的 - koushi no mokuteki) which is a key requirement for the crime of forgery in Japanese law. You will encounter this word in complex legal texts, high-level journalism, and literature. You should also be aware of 'デジタル偽造' (digital forgery) and how technology is changing the nature of this crime. Your usage should be precise, using '偽造' for physical/digital objects and '捏造' (netsuzou) for fabricated information or data. You can participate in debates about the security of the Japanese Yen and the technology used to prevent '偽造'.
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At the C2 level, '偽造' is a word you use with absolute precision within the framework of the Japanese Penal Code (刑法). You understand the subtle differences between '私文書偽造' (forgery of private documents) and '公文書偽造' (forgery of public documents), including the different penalties associated with each. You can read and analyze court precedents involving '偽造' and discuss the philosophical implications of 'authenticity' in the modern world. You are also familiar with historical instances of '偽造,' such as famous art forgeries (贋作) or historical document fabrications, and can use the term accurately in academic or professional legal discourse without hesitation.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

偽造 em 30 segundos

  • Gizou refers to the criminal act of forging documents, money, or signatures to deceive others.
  • It is a 'Suru-verb', meaning 'gizou suru' is the action of performing the forgery.
  • Commonly used in legal, police, and news contexts regarding fraud and counterfeiting.
  • Distinguished from 'netsuzou' (fabricating stories) and 'mozou' (making non-criminal imitations).

The term 偽造 (ぎぞう) is a powerful and legally charged noun in the Japanese language that refers specifically to the act of forgery or counterfeiting. At its core, it combines two kanji: 偽 (nise/gi) meaning 'false,' 'fake,' or 'deception,' and 造 (tsuku-ru/zou) meaning 'to create,' 'to build,' or 'to manufacture.' When these two characters are joined, they describe the intentional creation of an object—most commonly documents, currency, or official seals—with the explicit purpose of deceiving others into believing the item is authentic. Unlike simple imitation for artistic or educational purposes, 偽造 carries a heavy connotation of criminality and fraudulent intent. It is the backbone of financial crimes and identity theft discussions in Japan.

Legal Definition
The unauthorized creation of a document or object that purports to be the act of another, or the alteration of a genuine document to change its legal effect.
Criminal Intent
The act must be accompanied by the 'intent to use' (koushi no mukuteki) to be classified as a crime under the Japanese Penal Code.
Physical Scope
Primarily applies to paper-based items like passports, banknotes, and contracts, but extends to digital signatures in modern contexts.

"彼はパスポートを偽造して出国しようとした。" (He tried to leave the country by forging a passport.)

In a broader linguistic sense, 偽造 is used to describe the manufacturing of falsehoods. While it is most frequently paired with money (通貨偽造 - currency counterfeiting) and documents (文書偽造 - document forgery), it can also appear in contexts involving credit cards (クレジットカード偽造) and even historical artifacts (古美術品の偽造). The nuance is always on the creation of something that didn't exist in that form, rather than just lying verbally. It is a tangible lie. For a learner, understanding 偽造 is essential for navigating news reports, legal dramas, and official warnings in banks or government offices.

"この署名は偽造されたものだ。" (This signature is a forged one.)

"偽造通貨の使用は重罪です。" (The use of counterfeit currency is a serious crime.)

"精巧に偽造された一万円札。" (An elaborately forged 10,000 yen bill.)

"公文書偽造の疑いで逮捕された。" (Arrested on suspicion of forging official documents.)

Synonym Note
Often confused with 'Nise' (fake), but 偽造 is the formal, technical term for the process.

Using 偽造 (ぎぞう) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a Sa-hen noun. This means it functions as a noun on its own but becomes a verb when followed by する (suru). In most practical scenarios, you will encounter it in the passive voice—偽造される (gizou sareru)—because the focus is often on the document or item that was forged rather than the person doing the forging.

Grammatical Patterns

  • [Noun] を 偽造する: To forge [Noun]. (e.g., 通貨を偽造する - To counterfeit currency).
  • [Noun] は 偽造だ: [Noun] is a forgery. (e.g., この絵は偽造だ - This painting is a forgery).
  • 偽造された [Noun]: A forged [Noun]. (e.g., 偽造された免許証 - A forged driver's license).

It is important to distinguish 偽造 from other 'fake' words. While コピー (kopii) is a neutral term for a photocopy, 偽造 implies a malicious intent to pass the copy off as the original. If you are making a copy of your ID for a job application, that is kopii. If you are making a fake ID to buy alcohol when underage, that is gizou. The social and legal weight of the word cannot be overstated. In professional writing, especially in law or journalism, 偽造 is often paired with specific objects to form compound nouns like 有価証券偽造 (yuuka shouken gizou)—the forgery of valuable securities.

When speaking, 偽造 is quite formal. In casual conversation, people might use the prefix 偽 (nise-), such as 偽札 (nisesatsu) for fake bills or 偽物 (nisemono) for fake things in general. However, if you are discussing a serious incident or a police report, 偽造 is the only appropriate term. It provides a level of precision that indicates the act of manufacturing a deceptive object.

You are most likely to encounter 偽造 (ぎぞう) in formal settings or media. It is a staple of Japanese news broadcasts (ニュース), particularly in segments covering white-collar crime, international smuggling, or fraud. If a group is caught printing fake money, the headline will invariably include 偽造通貨 (gizou tsuuka). Similarly, in detective dramas (刑事ドラマ) like 'Aibou' or 'Signal,' the plot often hinges on a 偽造された証拠 (gizou sareta shouko)—forged evidence—that leads the protagonists down the wrong path.

Common Environments

  • Banks and Financial Institutions: Warnings about 偽造カード (gizou kaado) or skimming.
  • Airports and Immigration: Signs warning against the use of 偽造パスポート (gizou pasupooto).
  • Courts and Legal Documents: Discussions regarding 公文書偽造 (koubunsho gizou)—the forgery of public documents.
  • Art Galleries: When discussing the authenticity of a painting, experts might mention 偽造品 (gizoushin).

In the digital age, the word has expanded to include 偽造サイト (gizou saito)—forged or 'phishing' websites that look like real banking portals. While 'phishing' is often transliterated as フィッシング, 偽造 is used to describe the technical act of mimicking the site's appearance to deceive users. If you hear this word in a professional context, it usually signals that a serious investigation is underway or that a high level of caution is required regarding the authenticity of certain items.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 偽造 (ぎぞう) is confusing it with other words that mean 'fake' or 'imitation.' Because Japanese has several words for 'not real,' choosing the wrong one can change the meaning of your sentence from 'criminal forgery' to 'artistic imitation.'

Mistake 1: Confusing with 模造 (Mozou)
模造 refers to making a replica or an imitation, often for legitimate reasons (like a plastic food model in a restaurant window). 偽造 is always for deception. You wouldn't say a plastic sushi model is 偽造; it's 模造.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 捏造 (Netsuzou)
捏造 means to fabricate or 'cook up' a story, data, or a scandal. It's about information. 偽造 is about objects. If you fake a scientific result, it's 捏造. If you fake the certificate showing that result, it's 偽造.
Mistake 3: Overusing it for 'Lies'
You cannot 偽造 a story (話). You 捏造 a story or just tell a 嘘 (uso). 偽造 requires a physical or digital manifestation like a document or a coin.

Another common error is the pronunciation. The 'g' in gi is hard, and the 'zou' has a long 'o' sound. Mispronouncing it as 'gizo' (short o) might make it harder for native speakers to recognize in a formal context. Additionally, remember that 偽造 is a noun. You cannot say '彼は偽造だ' to mean 'He is a fraud' (person); you would say '彼は詐欺師 (sagishi) だ'. 偽造 refers to the act or the object, not the person.

To truly master 偽造 (ぎぞう), you must understand its place within the family of words related to 'fakes.' Japanese is very specific about the type of fake being discussed.

  • 変造 (Henzou): This is the 'alteration' of a genuine item. While 偽造 is creating something from scratch, 変造 is taking a real 1,000 yen bill and trying to turn it into a 10,000 yen bill.
  • 贋作 (Gansaku): Specifically used for forged artworks or literature. If someone paints a fake Picasso, it is a 贋作.
  • 模倣 (Mohou): To imitate or mimic. This is often used in a neutral or even positive sense, like 'imitating a master's style' to learn.
  • 複製 (Fukusei): A reproduction or duplicate. This is usually legal, like a 'reproduction print' of a famous photograph sold in a museum shop.
  • パクリ (Pakuri): Slang for 'ripping off' or plagiarism. Used for ideas, songs, or designs.

When comparing these, 偽造 stands out as the most 'official' and 'criminal' term. If you are in a legal setting, you will hear 偽造 and 変造 paired together. If you are in an art gallery, you will hear 贋作. If you are talking about a cheap brand-name knockoff bag, you might use コピー品 (kopii-hin) or 偽ブランド品 (nise-burando-hin). Understanding these distinctions helps you sound more natural and precise in Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Passive voice (~sareta)

Nominalization (~koto/no)

Compound nouns

Causal 'ni yotte'

Purpose 'no tame ni'

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Exemplos por nível

1

これは偽造のカードです。

This is a forged card.

Noun + の + Noun

2

偽造はだめです。

Forgery is bad.

Simple subject + は + predicate

3

偽造のお金を使わないで。

Don't use forged money.

Negative request form (~naide)

4

彼は偽造をしました。

He did a forgery.

Past tense of 'suru'

5

これは偽造ですか？

Is this a forgery?

Question form

6

偽造のサイン。

A forged signature.

Noun phrase

7

偽造は犯罪です。

Forgery is a crime.

A is B structure

8

偽造を見つける。

To find a forgery.

Object + を + verb

1

偽造されたパスポートが見つかった。

A forged passport was found.

Passive form (sareta)

2

お金を偽造するのは難しい。

It is difficult to forge money.

Nominalizing a verb with 'no wa'

3

偽造の疑いがあります。

There is a suspicion of forgery.

Noun + ga arimasu

4

彼は偽造した書類を出した。

He submitted a forged document.

Relative clause (gizou shita shourui)

5

警察は偽造グループを捕まえた。

The police caught a forgery group.

Direct object with 'wo'

6

この一万円札は偽造だ。

This 10,000 yen bill is a forgery.

Plain copula 'da'

7

偽造品を買ってはいけない。

You must not buy forged goods.

Prohibition (~te wa ikenai)

8

サインを偽造しないでください。

Please do not forge the signature.

Polite negative request

1

偽造通貨の使用は法律で禁じられている。

The use of counterfeit currency is prohibited by law.

Passive verb 'kinjirarete iru'

2

そのサインが偽造であることは明らかだ。

It is clear that the signature is a forgery.

Noun clause with 'koto'

3

精巧に偽造された絵画がオークションに出た。

An elaborately forged painting appeared at an auction.

Adverb 'seikou ni' (elaborately)

4

偽造サイトに注意するように警告された。

I was warned to be careful of forged websites.

Indirect command 'you ni'

5

身分証を偽造して銀行口座を作った。

He forged an ID and opened a bank account.

Te-form for sequence of actions

6

偽造を見抜くのはプロでも難しい。

Detecting a forgery is difficult even for a professional.

Adversative 'demo' (even)

7

偽造された証拠によって、彼は無実の罪を着せられた。

He was framed by forged evidence.

Causal 'ni yotte'

8

この契約書は偽造の可能性がある。

There is a possibility that this contract is a forgery.

Noun + no kanousei

1

公文書偽造の罪で起訴されることになった。

He was indicted on charges of forging public documents.

Compound noun 'Koubunsho-gizou'

2

最新の技術を使えば、偽造は容易ではない。

If you use the latest technology, forgery is not easy.

Conditional 'ba' form

3

偽造防止のために、特殊なインクが使われている。

Special ink is used to prevent forgery.

Purpose 'no tame ni'

4

そのグループは大規模な偽造ネットワークを持っていた。

The group had a large-scale forgery network.

Descriptive adjective 'daikibo-na'

5

偽造品が市場に出回るのを防がなければならない。

We must prevent forged goods from circulating in the market.

Obligation 'nakereba naranai'

6

彼は署名を偽造したことを認めた。

He admitted to forging the signature.

Verb nominalization with 'koto'

7

偽造されたクレジットカードが海外で使われた。

A forged credit card was used overseas.

Passive voice in past tense

8

偽造を見分けるための講習会が開かれた。

A workshop was held to learn how to distinguish forgeries.

Purpose 'tame no' + Noun

1

有価証券偽造は、経済の根幹を揺るがす重大な犯罪だ。

The forgery of securities is a serious crime that shakes the very foundation of the economy.

Metaphorical verb 'yurugasu'

2

偽造の意図がなかったとしても、過失は免れない。

Even if there was no intent to forge, negligence cannot be avoided.

Concessive 'toshite mo'

3

精巧を極めた偽造技術に、捜査当局も驚きを隠せなかった。

The investigative authorities could not hide their surprise at the extremely sophisticated forgery technology.

Expression 'odoroki wo kakusenai'

4

偽造文書の行使は、偽造そのものと同じくらい重く罰せられる。

The use of forged documents is punished as heavily as the forgery itself.

Comparison 'onaji kurai'

5

デジタル署名の偽造は、サイバーセキュリティ上の大きな脅威である。

The forgery of digital signatures is a major threat to cybersecurity.

Noun + jou no (in terms of)

6

歴史的文書が偽造であったことが、近年の研究で判明した。

Recent research revealed that the historical document was a forgery.

Verb 'hanmei suru' (to become clear)

7

偽造防止技術の向上と、偽造犯のいたちごっこが続いている。

The cat-and-mouse game between the improvement of anti-forgery technology and counterfeiters continues.

Idiom 'itachi-gokko' (cat-and-mouse game)

8

偽造された遺言書をめぐって、親族間で激しい争いが起きた。

A fierce dispute arose among relatives over a forged will.

Expression 'wo megutte' (concerning)

1

刑法第155条は、公文書偽造罪の構成要件を厳格に定めている。

Article 155 of the Penal Code strictly defines the constituent elements of the crime of forging public documents.

Legal terminology 'kousei youken'

2

偽造の客体が何であるかによって、適用される罰則が異なる。

The penalties applied vary depending on what the object of the forgery is.

Embedded question 'nani de aru ka'

3

通貨偽造の罪は、国家の信用を毀損する行為として厳罰に処される。

The crime of counterfeiting currency is severely punished as an act that damages the credit of the state.

Formal verb 'kison suru' (to damage/defame)

4

鑑定士は、筆跡の僅かな乱れから偽造の痕跡を嗅ぎ取った。

The appraiser detected traces of forgery from slight irregularities in the handwriting.

Metaphorical verb 'kagitoru' (to sniff out/detect)

5

偽造工作の隠蔽を図ったものの、デジタルフォレンジックによって暴かれた。

Although they attempted to conceal the forgery work, it was uncovered by digital forensics.

Conjunction 'monono' (although)

6

その古文書の真贋論争は、偽造説が有力になることで決着した。

The controversy over the authenticity of that ancient document was settled as the forgery theory became dominant.

Noun 'shingan ronsou' (authenticity debate)

7

印影の偽造を防止するため、極めて複雑な彫刻が施されている。

To prevent the forgery of seal impressions, extremely complex engravings are applied.

Passive 'hodokosarete iru'

8

偽造犯の心理的動機を解明することは、犯罪抑止において肝要である。

Elucidating the psychological motives of counterfeiters is essential for crime deterrence.

Formal adjective 'kanyou' (essential)

Sinônimos

捏造 模造 模倣 偽り フェイク

Antônimos

本物 真作 原本

Colocações comuns

通貨偽造 (currency forgery)
文書偽造 (document forgery)
偽造パスポート (forged passport)
偽造カード (forged card)
偽造署名 (forged signature)
精巧な偽造 (sophisticated forgery)
偽造を見抜く (to detect a forgery)
偽造を防止する (to prevent forgery)
偽造の疑い (suspicion of forgery)
偽造罪 (crime of forgery)

Frases Comuns

偽造品に注意 (Beware of forged goods)
偽造が発覚する (Forgery is discovered)
証拠を偽造する (To forge evidence)
免許証を偽造する (To forge a driver's license)
偽造通貨が見つかる (Counterfeit money is found)
巧妙な偽造 (Cunning forgery)
偽造の痕跡 (Traces of forgery)
公文書を偽造する (To forge public documents)
偽造グループの摘発 (Exposing a forgery group)
偽造防止技術 (Anti-forgery technology)

Frequentemente confundido com

偽造 vs 捏造 (netsuzou)

偽造 vs 模造 (mozou)

偽造 vs 変造 (henzou)

Expressões idiomáticas

"いたちごっこ (Cat-and-mouse game - often used for forgery and prevention)"
"足がつく (To be traced/caught - used when a forgery leads to an arrest)"
"化けの皮が剥がれる (To be unmasked - when a forgery is revealed)"
"証拠を隠滅する (To destroy evidence - often paired with forgery)"
"濡れ衣を着せる (To frame someone - often using forged evidence)"
"裏をかく (To outwit - used by counterfeiters against authorities)"
"目が眩む (To be blinded by greed - the motive for forgery)"
"口を割る (To confess - when a forger is caught)"
"尻尾を掴む (To catch someone in the act)"
"泥縄 (Too late - taking measures after a forgery has occurred)"

Fácil de confundir

偽造 vs 捏造

Fabricating information/stories.

偽造 vs 模造

Making a non-criminal imitation.

偽造 vs 変造

Altering a genuine item.

偽造 vs 複製

Legal reproduction.

偽造 vs 贋作

Specifically for art forgeries.

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

intent

Requires intent to deceive.

physicality

Usually refers to tangible items.

Erros comuns
  • Using it for verbal lies.
  • Confusing it with 'netsuzou' (data fabrication).
  • Mispronouncing the long 'ou'.
  • Using it for artistic replicas.
  • Applying it to people (use 'sagishi' instead).

Dicas

Context Matters

Only use this word when talking about serious deception involving documents or money.

Kanji Breakdown

Focus on '偽' (fake). If you see this kanji, the word likely relates to something not real.

Suru-Verb Usage

Remember that 'gizou suru' is an active crime, while 'gizou sareru' is the state of being forged.

News Keywords

In news, listen for 'gizou' followed by 'tsuuka' (money) or 'shourui' (documents).

Hanko Forgery

In Japan, forging a seal (hanko) is just as serious as forging a signature.

Formal Tone

Using this word in casual conversation might make you sound like a detective or a lawyer.

Compound Words

When writing, try to combine it with the object, like 'kaado-gizou' (card forgery).

The 'Gi' sound

Think of 'Gi' as in 'Gimmick'. A forgery is a physical gimmick.

Gizou vs Mozou

Mozou = Model (neutral). Gizou = Guilty (criminal).

Legal Texts

You will find this word in the first few chapters of the Japanese Penal Code.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Contexto cultural

The use of personal seals (hanko) makes 'in-ei gizou' (forging seal impressions) a unique and serious crime in Japan.

High social trust makes 'gizou' rare but shocking when it occurs.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"偽造品を見分ける方法を知っていますか？"

"最近、偽造サイトの被害が増えているそうですね。"

"偽造パスポートをドラマ以外で見たことがありますか？"

"日本の紙幣の偽造防止技術はすごいですよね。"

"もし偽造のお金を受け取ったらどうしますか？"

Temas para diário

Have you ever seen a forged item? Describe it.

Why do you think people risk committing 'gizou'?

Write a short story about a detective finding a 'gizou' document.

How has digital technology changed the way 'gizou' happens?

Discuss the importance of authenticity in art vs. currency.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Gizou is for physical objects like money or IDs. Netsuzou is for information, data, or stories.

No, for a fake smile, you use '作り笑い' (tsukuri-warai). Gizou is too formal and legal.

Yes, by definition in Japanese, it implies fraudulent intent and is usually a criminal act.

You can say '偽造通貨' (gizou tsuuka) or more casually '偽札' (nisesatsu).

Yes, it is used for digital signatures and forged websites.

It is common in news and formal writing, but rare in everyday casual chat.

It is generally considered N1 level (advanced).

偽造の疑いで逮捕される (Gizou no utagai de taiho sareru).

No, use '盗作' (tousaku) or 'パクリ' (pakuri) for plagiarism.

The opposite is '真正' (shinsei - authentic) or '本物' (honmono - real thing).

Cadastre-se grátis para ver dicas e notas

Teste-se 178 perguntas

/ 178 correct

Perfect score!

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

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