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A1 noun #1,500 最常用 9分钟阅读

Dame

前1,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 Dame 30秒了解

解析 Dame in your Level:

At the A1 level, you primarily learn 'Dame' as part of the formal greeting 'Meine Damen und Herren'. This is essential for understanding announcements in public places like train stations or airports. You also learn it as a polite way to refer to a woman you don't know, especially in a service context like a restaurant or shop. It's a basic noun that helps you navigate formal social structures. You should know that it is feminine (die Dame) and its plural is 'Damen'. You might also see it on signs for restrooms ('Damen'). At this stage, focus on the 'polite woman' and 'plural greeting' meanings. It's one of the first words that teaches you about German social etiquette and the importance of 'ladies first' in speech.

At the A2 level, you expand your knowledge of 'Dame' into the realm of hobbies and everyday shopping. You will learn that 'Dame' is the name of the board game Checkers/Draughts. You will also encounter it in compound words related to fashion, such as 'Damenbekleidung' (women's clothing) or 'Damenrad' (women's bicycle). You start to understand the difference between 'Frau' (general) and 'Dame' (formal/polite). You might hear a waiter ask 'Was bekommt die Dame?' and understand that they are referring to you or your companion. Your grammatical grasp should include using the word in various cases, especially the dative 'der Dame' when something is given to her.

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By B1, you should be comfortable with 'Dame' in the context of games like Chess and cards. You understand that the Queen in Chess is called 'die Dame' and that it's the most powerful piece. You also know that in a deck of cards, the Queen is 'die Dame' (e.g., Herz-Dame). You begin to use the word more figuratively, such as in the idiom 'eine Dame von Welt' (a woman of the world). You are aware of the cultural nuances, such as 'Damenwahl' (women's choice) at social dances. Your vocabulary includes more complex compounds like 'Damenbesuch' or 'Damenwelt'. You can explain the rules of the game 'Dame' in simple German.

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At the B2 level, you appreciate the stylistic nuances of 'Dame'. You can distinguish between a respectful use and an ironic one. You might encounter the term in more sophisticated literature or news reports, where 'die alte Dame' might refer to a venerable institution (like a bank or a long-standing company). You understand the historical weight of the word and how it relates to concepts of nobility and class. You can use the word in professional writing, such as formal invitations or reports where 'die betroffenen Damen' might be used. You are also aware of the diminutive 'Dämchen' and its often negative or patronizing connotations.

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At the C1 level, you explore the etymological and socio-linguistic history of 'Dame'. You understand its derivation from the French and Latin 'domina' and how this reflects the influence of French courtly culture on the German language. You can analyze the use of 'Dame' in classical literature (e.g., Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 'Der Besuch der alten Dame') and discuss the themes of power and social status associated with the word. You are sensitive to the 'gender-neutral language' debate in Germany and how terms like 'Damen und Herren' are being supplemented or replaced by more inclusive forms like 'Sehr geehrte Teilnehmende', yet you recognize the enduring traditional value of 'Dame'.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'Dame' in all its metaphorical and abstract applications. You can use it in philosophical discussions about gender roles or in highly specialized contexts like game theory (analyzing the 'Dame' in chess). You understand obscure idioms and can use the word with perfect register, whether you're writing a formal speech for a gala or a critique of a theatrical performance. You can navigate the most subtle social situations where the choice between 'Frau', 'Dame', and other titles carries significant weight. You are also familiar with historical titles like 'Hofdame' (lady-in-waiting) and their roles in German history.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

Dame 30秒了解

A formal and respectful noun for a woman, often used in professional or high-society contexts.
The name for the Queen piece in Chess and the Queen card in a standard deck.
The German name for the board game Checkers or Draughts.
Commonly used in the plural greeting 'Meine Damen und Herren' (Ladies and Gentlemen).

The German word Dame is a multifaceted noun that primarily serves as a polite and formal designation for a woman. While 'Frau' is the standard word for 'woman' or 'Mrs.', Dame carries a connotation of elegance, social standing, or formal etiquette, much like the English word 'lady'. Understanding its nuances is essential for navigating formal German social circles and specific recreational contexts like board games and card games.

Social Context: In formal settings, 'Dame' is used to address or refer to women with a high degree of respect. It is the standard term used in the plural greeting 'Meine Damen und Herren' (Ladies and Gentlemen).

Die Dame am Empfang war sehr hilfsbereit.

Beyond its use for people, Dame is the name of the most powerful piece in Chess (the Queen). This reflects the historical evolution of the game where the piece's power grew to represent a sovereign lady. Similarly, in a standard deck of playing cards, the Queen is referred to as the Dame. If you are playing the game of Checkers or Draughts in Germany, the game itself is called Dame or Damespiel.

Game Context: In chess, the 'Dame' can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, making it the most versatile piece on the board.

Ich ziehe meine Dame auf E4.

Historically, the term was reserved for nobility or women of high rank. While modern usage has democratized the term, it still retains a 'classy' feel. Using 'Frau' is never wrong, but using 'Dame' in the right context—like describing a sophisticated woman—adds a layer of linguistic richness to your German. In literature, you might encounter the 'alte Dame' (old lady), which often implies a sense of dignity rather than just age.

Etymological Root: Derived from the French 'dame', which comes from the Latin 'domina' (mistress of the house).

Eine echte Dame bewahrt immer die Ruhe.

Haben Sie die Pik-Dame gesehen?

Spielen wir eine Runde Dame?

Using Dame correctly requires an understanding of register and context. It is not a direct replacement for 'Frau' in every sentence. For instance, you wouldn't say 'Meine Dame ist Lehrerin' to mean 'My wife is a teacher'. Instead, 'Dame' is used as a generic but polite noun. In plural forms, it is ubiquitous in formal addresses. If you are giving a speech, 'Meine Damen und Herren' is the mandatory opening. In retail and service industries, staff will often use 'die Dame' to refer to a customer in the third person while she is present, which is considered very polite in German culture.

Formal Address: Always use 'Damen' first in the phrase 'Damen und Herren'. It follows the 'ladies first' rule of etiquette.

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, willkommen zur Gala.

In the world of games, 'Dame' is a specific term. In Chess, the Queen is the 'Dame'. When recording moves in German notation, the letter 'D' is used (e.g., D-h5). In card games like Skat or Doppelkopf, the Queen is also the 'Dame'. Furthermore, the board game Checkers is simply called 'Dame'. If you 'crown' a piece in Checkers, you say you are making a 'Dame'. This versatility makes the word essential for any social gathering involving games.

Grammar Tip: 'Dame' is a regular feminine noun. Die Dame (nominative), der Dame (genitive/dative), die Dame (accusative). Plural: die Damen.

Schachmatt durch die Dame!

Compound words are very common with 'Dame'. 'Damenwahl' refers to a dance where women choose their partners. 'Damenrad' is a step-through bicycle frame. 'Damensattel' is a side-saddle for horse riding. These compounds show how the word permeates various aspects of life, from sports to social events. When you see 'Damen' on a door in a public building, it's the shorthand for the women's restroom.

Compound Words: Damenbesuch (female visitor), Damenmannschaft (women's team), Damenwelt (the world of women/womenfolk).

Heute Abend ist Damenwahl im Tanzclub.

Das Damen-Einzel im Tennis beginnt jetzt.

Die Damen bitten zu Tisch.

You will encounter the word Dame in a variety of settings, ranging from the highly formal to the recreational. One of the most common places is in public transport or official announcements. Train conductors or flight attendants will almost always start their announcements with 'Meine Damen und Herren'. In department stores, you will see signs for 'Damenbekleidung' (women's clothing) or 'Damenabteilung' (women's department). These are standard terms that every learner should recognize immediately.

Public Spaces: Signs in malls, airports, and restaurants often use 'Damen' to indicate facilities or sections dedicated to women.

Nächster Halt: Hauptbahnhof. Meine Damen und Herren, wir verabschieden uns.

In the culinary world, high-end restaurants use 'Dame' to maintain an atmosphere of sophistication. A waiter might ask, 'Was darf ich der Dame bringen?' (What may I bring the lady?). This is much more formal than asking 'Was möchten Sie trinken?'. Similarly, in a hotel, the concierge might refer to a guest as 'die Dame aus Zimmer 204'. This usage emphasizes service and respect, which are core components of German 'Dienstleistungskultur'.

Service Industry: Waiters, hotel staff, and luxury retail employees use 'Dame' to elevate the customer experience.

Hat die Dame schon gewählt?

Gaming culture is another major arena for this word. If you visit a 'Schachclub' (chess club), you will hear players discussing their 'Dame'. In card games like 'Skat'—which is very popular in German pubs—the 'Dame' is a key card. Even in casual family settings, if someone brings out a board game with black and white discs, they will ask, 'Wollen wir eine Runde Dame spielen?'. This versatility makes it a word that bridges the gap between high society and everyday leisure.

Recreation: Chess, card games, and checkers all utilize 'Dame' as a central term for pieces or the game itself.

Pass auf, er greift deine Dame an!

Die Herz-Dame gewinnt den Stich.

Eine Dame im Spiel Dame kann weit springen.

The most frequent mistake learners make is overusing Dame where 'Frau' would be more appropriate. While 'Dame' is polite, using it in casual conversation to describe your friends or female relatives can sound stiff, archaic, or even sarcastic. For example, saying 'Meine Dame ist zu Hause' instead of 'Meine Frau ist zu Hause' is incorrect and sounds like you are living in the 19th century. 'Dame' is best reserved for strangers in a formal context or when describing a specific 'ladylike' quality.

Frau vs. Dame: 'Frau' is the general term for woman/Mrs. 'Dame' is specifically 'Lady' or a formal reference to a female person.

Falsch: Das ist meine Dame. (Unless you are introducing a chess piece!)

Another mistake involves the plural address. Some learners forget that 'Damen' must always come before 'Herren'. Saying 'Herren und Damen' is technically understandable but sounds 'off' to native speakers, as the cultural convention is strictly 'Damen und Herren'. Additionally, in written German, 'Damen' is often used as a collective noun in professional settings, but you should avoid using it to address a single person directly as 'Dame' (e.g., 'Hallo Dame' is wrong; use 'Guten Tag, gnädige Frau' or just 'Guten Tag').

Addressing Directly: Never address a woman as just 'Dame'. Use 'Frau [Surname]' or 'Meine Damen' for a group.

Richtig: Meine Damen und Herren...

In games, confusion can arise between 'Dame' (the piece) and 'Königin' (the queen). While 'Königin' is used for a literal queen of a country, the chess piece is always 'Dame'. Using 'Königin' in a chess context will mark you as a beginner. Similarly, in the game of Checkers, a piece that reaches the other side becomes a 'Dame', not a 'König'. Keeping these game-specific terms straight is vital for clear communication during play.

Game Terminology: Chess: Dame. Cards: Dame. Checkers: Dame. Don't use 'Königin' for these.

Ich habe eine Dame im Checkers bekommen!

Die Dame ist die stärkste Figur.

Wo ist die Karo-Dame?

To truly master the use of Dame, it helps to compare it with related terms. The most obvious comparison is with 'Frau'. While 'Frau' is the standard biological and social term for a woman, 'Dame' adds a layer of distinction. Another similar word is 'Lady', which is sometimes used in German (especially in fashion or when referring to British nobility), but 'Dame' remains the more native and versatile choice. In older literature, you might find 'Weib', but this is now considered archaic or even offensive in modern German.

Dame vs. Frau: 'Frau' = Woman/Mrs. (General). 'Dame' = Lady (Formal/Game piece).
Dame vs. Königin: 'Königin' = Queen (Monarch). 'Dame' = Queen (Chess/Cards).

Sie ist eine echte Dame von Welt.

In the context of youth, 'Mädchen' (girl) or 'junge Frau' (young woman) are the counterparts. There is no direct 'young' version of 'Dame' that isn't ironic. In a professional setting, 'Kollegin' (female colleague) is used for coworkers. Interestingly, the masculine counterpart to 'Dame' is 'Herr'. Just as 'Dame' is more formal than 'Frau', 'Herr' is the formal counterpart to 'Mann'. This symmetry is seen in the standard greeting 'Damen und Herren'.

Masculine Counterpart: 'Herr' is the male equivalent of 'Dame' in formal settings.

Ein Herr und eine Dame warten im Flur.

Finally, consider 'Matrone' (matron) or 'Ehefrau' (wife). 'Matrone' has a very specific, often heavy or dignified connotation for an older woman, while 'Ehefrau' is strictly a legal/relational term. 'Dame' remains the most versatile 'polite' noun for a woman in the German language, bridging the gap between social status and functional game terminology. Mastering its use will make your German sound more sophisticated and culturally aware.

Other Related Terms: Fräulein (obsolete/offensive), Weibsbild (colloquial/rough), Frauenzimmer (archaic).

Die Dame des Hauses begrüßte die Gäste.

Er spielt gerne Dame gegen seinen Opa.

Die Dame ist im Schach unersetzlich.

How Formal Is It?

发音指南

押韵词

Name Reklame

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Feminine noun declension

Plural formation with -n

Compound noun formation

Dative case for indirect objects

Formal address conventions

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按水平分级的例句

Meine Damen und Herren, herzlich willkommen.

Ladies and gentlemen, a warm welcome.

Plural formal greeting.

Wo ist die Toilette für Damen?

Where is the restroom for ladies?

Dative plural after 'für' (though 'für' takes accusative, 'Damen' is the form).

Die Dame dort möchte einen Kaffee.

The lady over there would like a coffee.

Nominative singular.

Guten Tag, meine Damen.

Good day, ladies.

Vocative plural.

Das ist eine schöne Dame.

That is a beautiful lady.

Predicate nominative.

Ich suche die Damenabteilung.

I am looking for the women's department.

Compound noun: Damen + Abteilung.

Damen zuerst!

Ladies first!

Common social phrase.

Ist die Dame am Telefon?

Is the lady on the phone?

Interrogative sentence.

Wir spielen heute Abend Dame.

We are playing checkers tonight.

Noun used as the name of a game.

Was darf ich der Dame bringen?

What may I bring the lady?

Dative singular (indirect object).

Sie trägt elegante Damenmode.

She is wearing elegant women's fashion.

Compound noun: Damen + Mode.

Die Dame hat ihre Tasche vergessen.

The lady forgot her bag.

Possessive determiner 'ihre' referring to 'Dame'.

Ich brauche ein neues Damenrad.

I need a new women's bicycle.

Compound noun: Damen + Rad.

Die Damen warten im Vorraum.

The ladies are waiting in the foyer.

Plural nominative.

Darf ich die Dame zum Tanz bitten?

May I ask the lady for a dance?

Accusative singular.

Die Dame ist sehr freundlich.

The lady is very friendly.

Subject-verb agreement.

Die Dame ist die wichtigste Figur im Schach.

The queen is the most important piece in chess.

Specific terminology for chess.

Hast du die Herz-Dame auf der Hand?

Do you have the queen of hearts in your hand?

Compound noun: Herz + Dame.

Es war heute Abend Damenwahl.

It was ladies' choice tonight.

Compound noun: Damen + Wahl.

Sie ist eine echte Dame von Welt.

She is a true woman of the world.

Idiomatic expression.

Der Damenbesuch ist nach 22 Uhr nicht erlaubt.

Female visitors are not allowed after 10 PM.

Compound noun: Damen + Besuch.

Ich habe meine Dame im Spiel verloren.

I lost my queen in the game.

Possessive pronoun 'meine'.

Die Damenwelt war von dem Film begeistert.

The world of women was thrilled by the movie.

Collective noun: Damenwelt.

Er verhielt sich wie ein Kavalier gegenüber der Dame.

He behaved like a gentleman towards the lady.

Preposition 'gegenüber' + dative.

Die 'Alte Dame' der Bankenwelt geriet in die Krise.

The 'Old Lady' of the banking world fell into crisis.

Metaphorical usage.

Es gehört sich nicht, eine Dame so zu unterbrechen.

It is not proper to interrupt a lady like that.

Infinitive clause with 'zu'.

Die Dame des Hauses empfing uns persönlich.

The lady of the house received us personally.

Genitive construction.

Ihre Bewegungen waren die einer gelernten Dame.

Her movements were those of a trained lady.

Genitive singular 'einer Dame'.

Das Damendoppel im Badminton war sehr spannend.

The women's doubles in badminton was very exciting.

Sports terminology.

Sie spielten eine Partie Dame im Park.

They played a game of checkers in the park.

Partitive construction 'eine Partie'.

Die Dame wirkte etwas distanziert.

The lady seemed a bit distant.

Adjectival use.

Wir müssen die Dame vor dem Schach schützen.

We must protect the queen from check.

Prepositional object 'vor dem Schach'.

Dürrenmatts 'Besuch der alten Dame' ist ein Klassiker.

Dürrenmatt's 'The Visit' is a classic.

Literary title.

Die Etikette schreibt vor, wie man eine Dame begrüßt.

Etiquette dictates how one greets a lady.

Indirect question with 'wie'.

Die Dame ist im Endspiel oft die entscheidende Kraft.

The queen is often the decisive force in the endgame.

Technical chess analysis.

Sie pflegte den Lebensstil einer großen Dame.

She maintained the lifestyle of a grand lady.

Genitive attribute.

Die Pik-Dame gilt in manchen Kreisen als Unglückskarte.

The queen of spades is considered an unlucky card in some circles.

Passive-like construction 'gilt als'.

Es war ein feiner Unterschied zwischen Frau und Dame.

There was a subtle difference between woman and lady.

Prepositional phrase 'zwischen... und'.

Die Dame opferte sich für den Sieg.

The queen sacrificed herself for the victory.

Reflexive verb 'sich opfern'.

Ihre Haltung war die einer stolzen Dame.

Her posture was that of a proud lady.

Demonstrative pronoun 'die' referring to 'Haltung'.

Die Semantik des Wortes 'Dame' hat sich gewandelt.

The semantics of the word 'lady' has changed.

Linguistic analysis.

In der Welt der Diplomatie ist jede Frau eine Dame.

In the world of diplomacy, every woman is a lady.

Generalizing statement.

Das Damengambit ist eine bekannte Eröffnung im Schach.

The Queen's Gambit is a well-known opening in chess.

Specific opening name.

Sie verkörperte die Grand Dame des deutschen Theaters.

She embodied the grand dame of German theater.

Loan phrase 'Grand Dame'.

Die Dame im Spiel Dame unterliegt strengen Regeln.

The king in checkers is subject to strict rules.

Verb 'unterliegen' + dative.

Die Ambivalenz der 'Dame' in der Literatur ist faszinierend.

The ambivalence of the 'lady' in literature is fascinating.

Abstract noun usage.

Man darf die Dame nicht leichtfertig aufs Spiel setzen.

One must not jeopardize the queen lightly.

Idiom 'aufs Spiel setzen'.

Die Dame bleibt eine Konstante in der gesellschaftlichen Etikette.

The lady remains a constant in social etiquette.

Copular verb 'bleiben'.

常见搭配

gnädige Dame

alte Dame

vornehme Dame

junge Dame

Pik-Dame

Herz-Dame

Dame spielen

Damen und Herren

eine Dame krönen

die Dame ziehen

常用短语

Meine Damen und Herren

Damen zuerst

Eine Dame von Welt

Die Dame des Hauses

Damen und Herren der Schöpfung

Die erste Dame

Damenwahl haben

Eine echte Dame sein

Die Dame opfern

Damen-WC

容易混淆的词

Dame vs Frau (General woman)

Dame vs Königin (Monarch)

Dame vs Damm (Dam/Embankment)

习语与表达

"Eine Dame von Welt sein"

"Die Pik-Dame sein (unlucky)"

"Die Dame ziehen (chess move)"

"Sich wie eine Dame benehmen"

"Damenwahl!"

"Die alte Dame (referring to a city or institution)"

"Die Dame krönen (checkers)"

"An die Dame gehen (chess)"

"Die Dame im Spiel sein"

"Damen und Herren, bitte!"

容易混淆

Dame vs Damm

A 'Damm' is a dam or embankment; 'Dame' is a lady.

Dame vs Darm

A 'Darm' is an intestine; 'Dame' is a lady. Be careful with pronunciation!

Dame vs Dom

A 'Dom' is a cathedral.

Dame vs Dämmerung

Twilight.

Dame vs Dämon

Demon.

句型

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如何使用

games

Always 'Dame', never 'Königin' for chess/cards.

restrooms

Standard label for women's toilets.

politeness

More formal than 'Frau'.

常见错误

Calling a woman 'Frau Dame'.
Using 'Königin' for the chess piece.
Saying 'Herren und Damen'.
Using 'Dame' for your wife.
Forgetting the -n in plural.

小贴士

Plural -n

Feminine nouns ending in -e almost always take -n in the plural. Dame -> Damen.

Ladies First

In German, it's always 'Damen und Herren', never the other way around.

Chess Power

The 'Dame' is the most powerful piece. Remember this to associate the word with strength.

Shopping

Look for 'Damenabteilung' in stores to find women's clothing.

Final E

Don't drop the final 'e'. It's not 'Dam', it's 'Da-me'.

Formal Situations

Use 'Dame' when you want to be extra respectful to a woman you don't know.

Latin Roots

Knowing it comes from 'Domina' helps you remember it's a 'mistress' or 'lady' of a house.

Capitalization

All nouns in German are capitalized. Always write 'Dame' with a capital D.

Announcements

Train stations are the best place to hear 'Damen und Herren' repeatedly.

Dame von Welt

Use this to describe someone sophisticated and well-traveled.

记住它

词源

Old French 'dame', from Latin 'domina' (mistress, lady).

文化背景

German notation uses 'D' for Dame.

Damenmode is a massive industry in Germany.

Always say 'Damen' before 'Herren'.

Look for 'D' or 'Damen' on doors.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"Können Sie mir sagen, wo die Damenabteilung ist?"

"Spielen Sie gerne Dame oder Schach?"

"Wer ist die Dame auf diesem Foto?"

"Ist heute Abend Damenwahl?"

"Haben Sie die Herz-Dame gesehen?"

日记主题

Beschreibe eine elegante Dame, die du kennst.

Welches Spiel magst du lieber: Dame oder Schach? Warum?

Warum ist die Dame im Schach so mächtig?

Wann hast du das letzte Mal 'Meine Damen und Herren' gehört?

Was macht eine Frau zu einer 'Dame'?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'Frau' is the general word for woman or Mrs. 'Dame' is more formal, like 'lady', and is also used for game pieces.

The game of Checkers is called 'Dame' or 'Damespiel' in German.

The plural is 'Damen'. It is used in the common greeting 'Meine Damen und Herren'.

No, address her as 'Frau [Last Name]'. 'Dame' is a noun, not a title for direct address.

In casual talk, maybe, but the correct technical term in German is always 'Dame'.

It means 'ladies' choice', usually at a dance where women choose their partners.

Yes, 'Damen' is the standard sign for the women's restroom.

Usually no. It's a diminutive that often sounds patronizing or sarcastic.

It is the Queen of Spades in a deck of cards.

Use 'Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,' followed by a comma.

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