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西班牙语
词汇
comprensión

B1 noun #2,200 最常用 10分钟阅读

comprensión

前2,200

开始练习例句笔记与提示 comprensión 30秒了解

解析 comprensión in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'comprensión' is a word you might encounter in your first Spanish classes, usually in the context of 'comprensión de lectura' (reading comprehension) or 'comprensión auditiva' (listening comprehension). You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. It's enough to know that it means 'understanding'. You might hear your teacher say, '¿Hay buena comprensión?' to ask if the class understands the lesson. At this stage, you should focus on the basic meaning: the ability to understand words and simple sentences. You might also see it on signs or in textbooks. It's a feminine noun, so remember to use 'la' with it. Even if you can't explain the nuances, recognizing the word will help you follow instructions in a Spanish-speaking classroom. Think of it as the 'result' of learning—when you learn a word, you gain 'comprensión' of it. It's a foundational concept for any language learner. You might use it in very simple phrases like 'No tengo comprensión' if you are really struggling, though 'No entiendo' is more common for A1 learners. Still, knowing the noun form is a great step toward building a more robust vocabulary. It shows you are moving beyond just verbs and starting to learn the names of abstract concepts.

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to use 'comprensión' in more varied contexts. You might use it to talk about your progress in learning Spanish, such as 'Mi comprensión del español es mejor ahora'. You are also likely to encounter it in polite social interactions. For example, if you are late for a meeting or make a mistake, you might say 'Gracias por su comprensión' (Thank you for your understanding). This is a very useful phrase to memorize. At this level, you should also be aware of the difference between the noun 'comprensión' and the verb 'comprender'. You use the noun when you want to talk about the 'idea' of understanding. You might also start to see it in simple news headlines or short articles. It's important to start noticing the collocations, like 'falta de comprensión' (lack of understanding). This will help you describe situations where people aren't getting along or where instructions aren't clear. You are also expected to handle 'pruebas de comprensión' (comprehension tests) which are slightly more complex than at A1, involving short paragraphs rather than just single sentences. Understanding this word helps you navigate the structure of your own learning process.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'comprensión' with more precision and in more abstract ways. You are no longer just using it for 'reading tests' or 'being polite'. You can now discuss 'comprensión' as a quality in a person or a requirement for a task. For instance, you might say 'Este libro requiere una gran comprensión de la historia' (This book requires a great understanding of history). You should also be comfortable using it in the context of empathy and social issues. B1 learners are expected to describe feelings and opinions, so 'comprensión' becomes a key word for discussing relationships: 'La comprensión es la base de la amistad'. You will also encounter it in more formal documents, such as instructions for a project or a simple contract. You should be careful with the spelling and the accent mark, as B1 is the level where grammatical accuracy starts to matter more. You might also start to distinguish it from 'entendimiento' in certain contexts, though they remain very similar. Your ability to use 'comprensión' in a variety of sentence structures—like 'fuera de mi comprensión'—shows that you are reaching an intermediate level of fluency where you can express complex thoughts about the mind and human interaction.

By the B2 level, 'comprensión' is a word you use fluently in both formal and informal settings. you can use it to discuss complex topics like 'comprensión intercultural' (intercultural understanding) or 'comprensión mutua' (mutual understanding) in political or social debates. You are expected to understand the nuances of the word, such as its use in technical or academic fields. For example, in a literature class, you might analyze the 'comprensión' of a character's motives. You should also be able to use it in professional contexts with ease, such as 'Agradecemos su comprensión ante los cambios en la política de la empresa'. At this level, you should rarely make mistakes with its gender or spelling. You can also use related words like 'comprensivo' (understanding/adjective) or 'incomprensión' (lack of understanding) to add variety to your speech. You might use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Dada la complejidad del asunto, se requiere una comprensión profunda de los datos'. Your vocabulary is now rich enough to explain *why* something is beyond your comprehension or *how* someone demonstrated great comprehension. You are moving toward a level where you can use the word to argue a point or provide a detailed analysis of a situation.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'comprensión' is sophisticated and nuanced. You can use it in academic writing to discuss the 'comprensión' of abstract theories or philosophical concepts. You understand its specific meanings in fields like logic, where it refers to the set of attributes of a concept. You can use it to express subtle differences in meaning, perhaps choosing 'comprensión' over 'entendimiento' or 'discernimiento' to achieve a specific tone or precision. You are comfortable using it in idiomatic expressions and can even play with the word in creative writing. In professional settings, you use it to navigate delicate situations, such as 'Apelo a su comprensión para resolver este conflicto de manera amistosa'. You also understand the historical and etymological roots of the word, which helps you use it more effectively in formal oratory. Your 'comprensión auditiva' is now at a level where you can catch the word even when spoken quickly in various dialects or in noisy environments. You can lead discussions about the importance of 'comprensión' in global ethics or modern education. At C1, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a tool for high-level communication and critical thinking.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete and effortless mastery of 'comprensión'. You can use it with the same precision and variety as a highly educated native speaker. You might use it in scholarly articles, legal arguments, or high-level diplomatic correspondence. You are aware of its most obscure meanings and can use it in complex metaphorical ways. For example, you might speak of the 'comprensión del universo' in a cosmological sense. You can effortlessly switch between its intellectual, emotional, and technical meanings depending on the audience. Your 'comprensión' of the Spanish language itself is so deep that you can identify the subtle connotations that 'comprensión' carries in different Spanish-speaking cultures. You can use the word to critique complex texts or to synthesize information from multiple sources. There are no limits to your use of this word; it is a seamless part of your extensive vocabulary. You might even use it to discuss the nature of 'comprensión' itself in a linguistic or cognitive science context. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are mastering the concept it represents in all its depth and complexity, demonstrating a level of fluency that allows for total expression of thought.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

comprensión 30秒了解

Comprensión means 'understanding' or 'comprehension' in Spanish.
It is a feminine noun (la comprensión) and often relates to empathy.
Commonly used in 'comprensión lectora' (reading) and 'comprensión auditiva' (listening).
It is a key word for polite requests for patience or tolerance.

The Spanish word comprensión is a feminine noun that primarily translates to 'understanding' or 'comprehension' in English. It refers to the cognitive process of grasping the meaning, significance, or nature of something. Beyond simple intellectual grasp, it often carries a weight of empathy or mutual agreement between individuals. In an academic or linguistic context, it is frequently paired with specific skills, such as comprensión lectora (reading comprehension) or comprensión auditiva (listening comprehension). The term originates from the Latin comprehensio, which literally means 'a seizing' or 'a grasping,' suggesting that to understand something is to mentally 'catch' it.

Intellectual Aspect: The ability to process information and derive logical meaning from it, such as understanding a complex mathematical theory or a legal document.

Su comprensión de la física cuántica es asombrosa para su edad.

Furthermore, 'comprensión' implies a depth of insight. It is not just knowing a fact, but seeing how that fact fits into a larger system. When we speak of 'falta de comprensión,' we are often referring to a breakdown in communication or a lack of empathy. In social settings, showing 'comprensión' means being tolerant and supportive of others' situations.

Emotional Aspect: The capacity for empathy and tolerance towards the feelings or actions of others, often used in personal relationships.

Agradezco mucho tu comprensión durante estos momentos difíciles.

In the realm of logic and philosophy, 'comprensión' can also refer to the set of attributes that define a concept. For instance, the 'comprensión' of the concept 'human' includes attributes like 'rational,' 'mortal,' and 'bipedal.' This technical usage is less common in daily conversation but vital in academic discourse. In everyday life, you will most likely encounter it when someone asks for your patience or when a teacher evaluates your language skills.

Linguistic Aspect: The specific skill of decoding and interpreting spoken or written language, a core component of CEFR evaluations.

El examen incluye una prueba de comprensión lectora muy exigente.

La comprensión mutua es la base de cualquier amistad duradera.

No tengo la comprensión necesaria para resolver este enigma.

Using comprensión correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its common collocations. It is frequently preceded by verbs like tener (to have), demostrar (to demonstrate), pedir (to ask for), or lograr (to achieve). Because it is an abstract noun, it is often used in the singular, though 'comprensiones' can exist in philosophical contexts. When you want to describe someone as 'understanding' (the adjective), you would use comprensivo/a instead.

With Verbs of Possession: Used to describe the state of understanding something or having empathy.

Él tiene una gran comprensión de los problemas sociales.

In formal writing, 'comprensión' is a key term for academic objectives. You will see it in syllabi and educational standards. It is also used in legal contexts to denote that a party has fully understood the terms of a contract. In these cases, the phrase plena comprensión (full understanding) is common. If you are struggling with a language, you might say 'Mi comprensión del español está mejorando' (My understanding of Spanish is improving).

In Educational Contexts: Refers to the specific ability to interpret texts or audio recordings.

La comprensión de lectura es fundamental para el éxito académico.

Another common usage is in the phrase fuera de mi comprensión (beyond my understanding). This is used when something is too complex or irrational to grasp. Conversely, al alcance de la comprensión means something is within reach of being understood. In interpersonal relationships, 'pedir comprensión' is a polite way to ask someone to be patient with your mistakes or delays.

Idiomatic Usage: Phrases that indicate the limits of one's ability to grasp a concept or situation.

Sus motivos están totalmente fuera de mi comprensión.

Les pedimos su comprensión por el retraso del vuelo.

Es una obra que requiere una comprensión profunda del arte moderno.

You will encounter comprensión in a variety of settings, ranging from the classroom to the corporate office and into the intimacy of a home. In the educational system of Spanish-speaking countries, 'comprensión lectora' is a standard part of the curriculum from primary school through university. Teachers will often say, 'Vamos a trabajar en la comprensión del texto' (We are going to work on the understanding of the text). In news broadcasts, journalists might discuss the 'falta de comprensión' between political parties during negotiations.

In the News: Often used to describe diplomatic relations or public reaction to complex laws.

El tratado busca mejorar la comprensión entre ambas naciones.

In a professional environment, particularly in customer service or project management, 'comprensión' is used to manage expectations. An email might start with 'Agradecemos su comprensión' (We appreciate your understanding) when explaining a delay or a change in policy. It is a polite, professional way to acknowledge that a situation might be inconvenient for the other person. In psychology or self-help contexts, it refers to the 'comprensión de uno mismo' (self-understanding), which is seen as a key to mental health.

Customer Service: A standard phrase used to apologize for inconveniences while maintaining a professional tone.

Gracias por su comprensión ante este cambio de horario.

On a personal level, you will hear it in heartfelt conversations. Friends might say, 'Necesito tu comprensión' when they are going through a tough time and don't want to be judged. It is a word that bridges the gap between the head and the heart. In literature and film, the 'momento de comprensión' is that epiphany when a character finally realizes the truth about their situation or another character's motivations.

Personal Relationships: Refers to the emotional support and lack of judgment between loved ones.

La comprensión de mis padres fue vital para mi recuperación.

En este curso, evaluaremos su comprensión de los conceptos básicos.

Su falta de comprensión causó muchos problemas en el equipo.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the noun comprensión with the adjective comprensivo or the verb comprender. You cannot say 'Él es muy comprensión'; instead, you must say 'Él es muy comprensivo' (He is very understanding). Similarly, you shouldn't say 'Yo comprensión el problema'; the correct form is 'Yo comprendo el problema'. Another common error is gender agreement. Since it ends in '-sión', it is feminine, so it must be 'la comprensión' and not 'el comprensión'.

Grammatical Category Error: Using the noun where an adjective or verb is required.

El comprensión de la lección es importante. (Incorrecto)

Spelling is another area where mistakes occur. Many learners forget the tilde (accent mark) on the 'ó'. In Spanish, words ending in '-sión' or '-ción' always have an accent on the last syllable when they are singular. When they become plural ('comprensiones'), the accent is dropped because the stress naturally falls on the penultimate syllable. Also, be careful not to spell it with a 'c' (comprención); it is always with an 's' in Spanish, unlike 'atención' or 'lección'.

Spelling and Accents: Mistaking 's' for 'c' or omitting the mandatory tilde in the singular form.

Comprención sin acento. (Incorrecto)

Finally, learners sometimes use 'comprensión' when they actually mean 'entendimiento'. While they are synonyms, 'entendimiento' is often more associated with the faculty of the mind, whereas 'comprensión' is the act or result of understanding a specific thing. Using 'comprensión' to mean 'agreement' (as in 'we reached an understanding') is possible but 'acuerdo' is often more natural in a business context. Ensure you are using the word that best fits the level of formality and the specific type of 'understanding' you mean.

Synonym Overuse: Using 'comprensión' for 'agreement' when 'acuerdo' would be more precise.

Llegamos a una comprensión mutua sobre el contrato. (Better: acuerdo)

Espero su comprensión ante esta situación. (Correct usage)

La comprensión lectora es clave. (Correct usage)

To enrich your vocabulary, it is helpful to compare comprensión with its synonyms and related terms. While 'comprensión' is the most common word for understanding, other words offer different nuances. Entendimiento is very close but often refers to the human capacity for reason. Discernimiento implies a higher level of judgment or the ability to distinguish between two things. Asimilación is often used when talking about absorbing new information or a new culture.

Comprensión vs. Entendimiento: 'Comprensión' is the act of grasping meaning; 'entendimiento' is the faculty of the mind that allows it.

Su comprensión del tema fue inmediata.

Another related word is empatía (empathy). While 'comprensión' can be purely intellectual, 'empatía' is strictly emotional. However, in Spanish, 'comprensión' is often used where English might use 'empathy,' especially in the context of being 'an understanding person.' Alcance (reach/scope) is sometimes used to describe the limits of understanding, as in 'fuera de mi alcance' (beyond my reach/understanding).

Comprensión vs. Empatía: 'Comprensión' can be logical or emotional; 'empatía' is specifically about feeling what others feel.

La comprensión emocional es necesaria en la terapia.

Finally, consider percepción. While 'comprensión' involves processing and making sense of data, 'percepción' is the initial act of receiving that data through the senses. You might perceive a sound, but you need 'comprensión' to know it is a warning signal. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the most precise word for your context, making your Spanish sound more natural and sophisticated.

Comprensión vs. Percepción: 'Percepción' is the sensory input; 'comprensión' is the mental interpretation of that input.

Mi comprensión de la situación cambió tras hablar con ella.

El entendimiento entre los socios es fundamental.

La asimilación de nuevos conceptos toma tiempo.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Nouns ending in -sión are feminine.

Accentuation of words ending in -ón.

Dropping accents in plural forms of -sión words.

Difference between nouns and adjectives (comprensión vs comprensivo).

Use of definite articles with abstract nouns.

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按水平分级的例句

La comprensión de este libro es fácil.

The understanding of this book is easy.

Feminine noun 'la comprensión'.

Necesito comprensión.

I need understanding.

Direct object.

Es una prueba de comprensión.

It is a comprehension test.

Noun used in a prepositional phrase.

Gracias por su comprensión.

Thank you for your understanding.

Common polite phrase.

La comprensión es importante.

Understanding is important.

Subject of the sentence.

Tengo poca comprensión del tema.

I have little understanding of the topic.

Modified by 'poca'.

La comprensión lectora es hoy.

The reading comprehension (test) is today.

Specific term 'comprensión lectora'.

Ella tiene buena comprensión.

She has good understanding.

Modified by 'buena'.

Mi comprensión del español mejora cada día.

My understanding of Spanish improves every day.

Possessive 'mi'.

Pedimos su comprensión por el retraso.

We ask for your understanding regarding the delay.

Verb 'pedir' + noun.

La falta de comprensión causa problemas.

The lack of understanding causes problems.

Phrase 'falta de'.

Es un ejercicio de comprensión auditiva.

It is a listening comprehension exercise.

Specific term 'comprensión auditiva'.

Busco la comprensión de mis amigos.

I seek the understanding of my friends.

Definite article 'la'.

Su comprensión de las reglas es clara.

His understanding of the rules is clear.

Agreement with 'clara'.

No hay mucha comprensión en este grupo.

There isn't much understanding in this group.

Used with 'hay'.

Agradezco tu comprensión infinita.

I appreciate your infinite understanding.

Modified by 'infinita'.

La comprensión mutua es vital para la paz.

Mutual understanding is vital for peace.

Adjective 'mutua'.

Este texto requiere una comprensión profunda.

This text requires a deep understanding.

Adjective 'profunda'.

Actuó con mucha comprensión y paciencia.

He acted with much understanding and patience.

Prepositional phrase 'con mucha'.

La comprensión de la situación fue difícil.

Understanding the situation was difficult.

Subject with 'fue'.

Espero que tengas comprensión conmigo.

I hope you have understanding with me.

Subjunctive 'tengas'.

La comprensión lectora se evalúa mañana.

Reading comprehension is evaluated tomorrow.

Passive voice 'se evalúa'.

Su nivel de comprensión es intermedio.

His level of understanding is intermediate.

Noun phrase 'nivel de'.

Sin comprensión, no hay acuerdo posible.

Without understanding, there is no possible agreement.

Preposition 'sin'.

La comprensión de los riesgos es fundamental.

Understanding the risks is fundamental.

Plural 'riesgos'.

Demostró una gran comprensión de la materia.

He demonstrated a great understanding of the subject.

Verb 'demostrar'.

La incomprensión generó un conflicto innecesario.

The lack of understanding generated an unnecessary conflict.

Antonym 'incomprensión'.

Se necesita una comprensión integral del proyecto.

An integral understanding of the project is needed.

Adjective 'integral'.

La comprensión de la lengua implica cultura.

Understanding the language implies culture.

Verb 'implicar'.

Su comprensión de los hechos fue inmediata.

His understanding of the facts was immediate.

Adjective 'inmediata'.

Fomentamos la comprensión entre los empleados.

We encourage understanding among employees.

Verb 'fomentar'.

La obra escapa a la comprensión del público.

The work escapes the public's understanding.

Phrase 'escapar a'.

La comprensión de la realidad es subjetiva.

The understanding of reality is subjective.

Philosophical context.

Apelamos a su comprensión y benevolencia.

We appeal to your understanding and benevolence.

Formal register.

Su comprensión de la teoría es impecable.

His understanding of the theory is impeccable.

Adjective 'impecable'.

La comprensión del ser humano es compleja.

The understanding of the human being is complex.

Abstract subject.

Existe una falta de comprensión sistémica.

There is a systemic lack of understanding.

Adjective 'sistémica'.

La comprensión de los matices es esencial.

Understanding the nuances is essential.

Noun 'matices'.

Logró una comprensión cabal del problema.

He achieved a full/thorough understanding of the problem.

Adjective 'cabal'.

La comprensión trasciende lo meramente intelectual.

Understanding transcends the merely intellectual.

Verb 'trascender'.

La comprensión de la finitud es angustiante.

The understanding of finitude is distressing.

Existential context.

Su comprensión de la dialéctica es asombrosa.

His understanding of dialectics is amazing.

Academic term 'dialéctica'.

La comprensión del cosmos sigue evolucionando.

The understanding of the cosmos continues to evolve.

Scientific context.

Requiere una comprensión holística del ecosistema.

It requires a holistic understanding of the ecosystem.

Adjective 'holística'.

La comprensión de la psique es inabarcable.

The understanding of the psyche is ungraspable.

Adjective 'inabarcable'.

Su comprensión de la ética es rigorista.

His understanding of ethics is rigorous.

Adjective 'rigorista'.

La comprensión de la historia es cíclica.

The understanding of history is cyclical.

Adjective 'cíclica'.

Es una comprensión que desafía toda lógica.

It is an understanding that defies all logic.

Relative clause.

常见搭配

comprensión lectora

comprensión auditiva

plena comprensión

falta de comprensión

mutua comprensión

capacidad de comprensión

ejercicio de comprensión

nivel de comprensión

pedir comprensión

demostrar comprensión

常用短语

Gracias por su comprensión

Fuera de mi comprensión

Al alcance de la comprensión

Tener comprensión

Falta de comprensión

Momento de comprensión

Punto de comprensión

Bajo mi comprensión

Con comprensión

Sin comprensión

容易混淆的词

comprensión vs comprensivo (adjective)

comprensión vs comprender (verb)

comprensión vs entendimiento (synonym)

习语与表达

"Escapar a la comprensión"

"Estar fuera de toda comprensión"

"Llegar a una comprensión"

"Tener una comprensión cabal"

"Brillar por su falta de comprensión"

"Poner a prueba la comprensión"

"Abrir el camino a la comprensión"

"Perder la comprensión"

"Ganar en comprensión"

"Un puente de comprensión"

容易混淆

comprensión vs Comprensivo

comprensión vs Comprensible

comprensión vs Entendimiento

comprensión vs Comprención

comprensión vs Incomprensión

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Use 'comprensión' for the act; 'entendimiento' for the faculty.

plural

Rarely used in plural unless in philosophical texts.

常见错误

Using 'el comprensión' instead of 'la comprensión'.
Spelling it as 'comprención' with a 'c'.
Forgetting the accent mark on the 'ó'.
Using the noun 'comprensión' as an adjective (e.g., 'Él es muy comprensión').
Keeping the accent mark in the plural form 'comprensiones'.

小贴士

Gender Rule

Always remember that -sión words are feminine. This helps you with 'la televisión', 'la pensión', and 'la comprensión'.

The S Rule

If the verb ends in -der, the noun ends in -sión. Comprender -> Comprensión. Extender -> Extensión.

Politeness

Use 'Gracias por su comprensión' in emails. It makes you sound very professional and fluent.

Context

When practicing, always pair it with 'lectora' or 'auditiva' to remember its academic use.

Stress

Exaggerate the stress on the 'sión' part to sound more native. The 'ó' is the strongest part.

Antonyms

Learn 'incomprensión' at the same time. It's just the same word with a prefix!

Plural Check

When you write 'comprensiones', delete the accent. This is a common rule for -ón words.

Audio Cues

Listen for this word in news reports about international conflicts; it's very common there.

Empathy

Use 'Te pido comprensión' when you want a friend to be less critical of you.

Cognates

Use your English knowledge! Comprehension = Comprensión. They are almost identical.

记住它

词源

Latin

文化背景

Central to the 'Selectividad' (university entrance exam) in Spain.

Used frequently in formal emails to apologize.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"¿Qué tal tu comprensión del español?"

"¿Crees que la comprensión es la base del amor?"

"¿Tuviste problemas de comprensión con el examen?"

"¿Es difícil la comprensión de la política actual?"

"¿Agradeces la comprensión de tus amigos?"

日记主题

Describe un momento en el que sentiste una gran comprensión por alguien.

¿Qué temas están fuera de tu comprensión?

Escribe sobre la importancia de la comprensión lectora.

¿Cómo demuestras comprensión a los demás?

Reflexiona sobre una falta de comprensión que tuviste recientemente.

常见问题

10 个问题

Es 'la comprensión'. Todas las palabras que terminan en -sión son femeninas en español. Por lo tanto, siempre debes usar el artículo femenino 'la' o 'una'.

Sí, lleva tilde en la 'ó' porque es una palabra aguda terminada en 'n'. Sin embargo, en plural ('comprensiones'), pierde la tilde porque el acento pasa a ser grave.

Son casi iguales, pero 'comprensión' se usa más para el acto de entender algo específico o para la empatía, mientras que 'entendimiento' se refiere a la facultad racional.

Se dice 'comprensión lectora'. Es el término estándar utilizado en escuelas y exámenes de idiomas como el DELE o el SIELE.

Sí, 'comprensiones' existe, pero es muy poco común. Se usa principalmente en textos filosóficos o técnicos para hablar de diferentes formas de entender algo.

No, es un error común. En español se escribe con 's': 'comprensión'. Esto se debe a que proviene del verbo 'comprender' (los verbos en -der suelen dar sustantivos en -sión).

Es una frase formal que significa 'Thank you for your understanding'. Se usa para agradecer la paciencia de alguien ante un problema o retraso.

Se dice 'persona comprensiva'. Aquí usamos el adjetivo 'comprensiva' en lugar del sustantivo 'comprensión'.

Sí, se considera de nivel B1 porque, aunque el concepto es simple, su uso correcto en diferentes contextos y su ortografía requieren un nivel intermedio.

Es la capacidad de entender lo que se escucha. Es una de las cuatro habilidades principales que se evalúan al aprender un nuevo idioma.

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