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B1 noun #1,500 最常用 13分钟阅读

平均

heikin 前1,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示平均 30秒了解

解析平均 in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, you are just starting to learn numbers, basic counting, and simple descriptions in Japanese. While the concept of a mathematical 'average' might seem a bit advanced for your very first lessons, the word 平均 (heikin) is incredibly useful to recognize early on because it appears frequently in daily life. You don't need to know how to calculate complex statistics, but you should know that when you see or hear 'heikin', it means 'average' or 'middle'. For example, if you are looking at a weather app in Japanese, you might see the word next to temperatures. If you take a language test, your teacher might mention the 'heikin' score of the class. At this stage, focus on recognizing the word visually (the two kanji characters) and phonetically. You can practice using it in very simple sentences with the word 'desu' (is). For example, 'Heikin wa gojuu desu' means 'The average is 50.' You can also learn the very common compound word 'heikinten', which means 'average score'. Understanding this basic vocabulary will help you comprehend simple charts, graphs, and everyday information you encounter while studying or living in Japan.

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As you progress to the A2 elementary level, your ability to describe the world around you expands. You are now learning to make simple comparisons and talk about daily routines. The word 平均 (heikin) becomes much more practical at this stage. You can start using it to talk about yourself in relation to others. For instance, you can use the suffixes 以上 (ijou - above) and 以下 (ika - below) to say things like 'My height is above average' (Watashi no shinchou wa heikin ijou desu). You should also become comfortable with the adverbial phrase 'heikin shite', which means 'on average'. This is perfect for describing your habits. You can say, 'On average, I study for one hour a day' (Heikin shite, ichinichi ichijikan benkyou shimasu). This makes your sentences sound much more natural than just stating a rigid fact. Furthermore, you will start encountering more compound words in your reading practice, such as 平均気温 (heikin kion - average temperature) when reading simple weather reports. Mastering these basic applications of the word will significantly improve your ability to have practical, everyday conversations about normal life and basic statistics.

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At the B1 intermediate level, 平均 (heikin) is a core vocabulary word that you must master fully. You are now expected to understand and participate in discussions about society, education, and general news. This word is the key to unlocking those topics. You need to be completely comfortable with its various grammatical forms: as a noun (heikin), as a na-adjective (heikinteki na), and as an adverb (heikin shite). You should be able to read and understand news headlines that use terms like 平均寿命 (heikin jumyou - average life expectancy) and 平均年収 (heikin nenshuu - average annual income). At this level, you also need to understand the cultural context—how Japanese society often uses the 'average' as a benchmark for normality and success. You should be able to express opinions about whether something is 'average' or not, and explain why. For example, you might discuss how the average working hours in Japan compare to your home country. You must also be careful not to confuse it with words like 普通 (futsuu - normal) or 平気 (heiki - calm). Precision in your vocabulary choices is what separates a B1 learner from an A2 learner.

Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you can handle complex, abstract, and technical discussions. Your use of 平均 (heikin) should reflect this sophistication. You are no longer just talking about simple test scores; you are analyzing data and trends. You will frequently encounter this word in business Japanese, economics, and academic texts. You must be familiar with terms like 日経平均株価 (Nikkei heikin kabuka - Nikkei Stock Average) and understand how to discuss fluctuations in these averages. You should be able to read a graph or a statistical report in Japanese and summarize its findings using appropriate terminology. At this level, you also need to understand the limitations of the word. You should be able to discuss the difference between the mean (平均値 - heikinchi) and the median (中央値 - chuuouchi) when analyzing demographic data, such as income distribution. You should be comfortable using complex sentence structures to explain how an average is calculated or how it might be skewed by outliers. Your ability to use this word accurately in formal presentations and written reports is a key indicator of your advanced proficiency.

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At the C1 advanced level, your command of Japanese is near-fluent, and your use of vocabulary must be precise, nuanced, and contextually appropriate. The word 平均 (heikin) is no longer just a vocabulary item to learn; it is a tool for sophisticated argumentation and analysis. You will encounter this word in high-level academic papers, in-depth journalistic investigations, and complex literary works. You are expected to understand highly specialized compound terms used in specific fields, such as statistics, physics, or sociology. You should be able to engage in debates about the societal implications of 'average' metrics—for example, discussing the psychological pressure of conforming to the 'average' in Japanese society or critiquing government policies based on average demographic data. You must effortlessly switch between the mathematical definition and the metaphorical usage depending on the context. Your writing should demonstrate a mastery of collocations and idiomatic expressions involving this word. You should be able to write a persuasive essay arguing why a certain statistical average is misleading or how it fails to capture the reality of a situation, using sophisticated grammar and vocabulary to support your points.

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At the C2 mastery level, you possess a native-like understanding of the Japanese language. Your relationship with the word 平均 (heikin) involves an intuitive grasp of its deepest cultural, linguistic, and statistical nuances. You understand the historical evolution of statistical terminology in Japan and how the concept of the 'average' has shaped modern Japanese bureaucratic and educational systems. You can effortlessly comprehend and produce highly technical jargon in fields like quantum mechanics, advanced econometrics, or actuarial science where specific types of averages (e.g., weighted average - 加重平均, moving average - 移動平均) are discussed. You can appreciate the subtle irony or critique when an author uses the term 'heikinteki' (average/typical) to describe a character in a novel, understanding the societal commentary behind the word choice. You can participate in high-level academic discourse, challenging the methodological validity of how certain averages are calculated in research papers. At this level, the word is fully integrated into your cognitive framework, allowing you to use it with the exact precision, tone, and register required for any conceivable situation, from a casual joke to a doctoral defense.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

平均 30秒了解

Represents the mathematical mean or average.
Calculated by dividing the sum by the count.
Used to describe standard or typical conditions.
Forms common compounds like average score/temperature.

The Japanese word 平均 (heikin) fundamentally represents the concept of an average or a mean in mathematics, statistics, and daily life. To fully grasp its meaning, one must look at the individual kanji characters that make up the word. The first character, 平 (hei), carries the meaning of 'flat,' 'even,' 'peaceful,' or 'level.' It is the same kanji found in words like 平和 (heiwa - peace) and 平日 (heijitsu - weekday). The second character, 均 (kin), means 'level,' 'equal,' or 'uniform.' When combined, these two characters beautifully illustrate the concept of taking various unequal parts and leveling them out to create a uniform, flat standard—which is precisely what an average is. This term is categorized at the CEFR B1 level because it is an essential vocabulary word for navigating everyday life in Japan, particularly when discussing weather, academic performance, demographics, and general statistics.

Mathematical Mean: In a strict mathematical sense, 平均 refers to the arithmetic mean, calculated by adding a set of numbers and dividing by the count of those numbers.

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to read Japanese news, understand weather forecasts, or participate in educational or corporate environments. In Japanese society, where conformity and standard metrics are often discussed, the concept of the 'average' holds significant cultural weight. People frequently compare their test scores, salaries, and living conditions to the national or regional average. Therefore, mastering this word opens up a deeper understanding of societal norms and expectations.

テストの平均点は70点でした。

Beyond mathematics, 平均 is also used metaphorically to describe something that is standard, ordinary, or typical. While words like 普通 (futsuu - normal) are more common for describing everyday ordinariness, 平均 is used when there is an implied quantitative or measurable aspect to the comparison. For instance, an 'average person' in terms of height or weight would be described using this term.

Metaphorical Usage: Used to describe a standard or typical state, implying a measurable baseline even if exact numbers are not explicitly stated.

The versatility of this word cannot be overstated. It frequently forms compound nouns, acting almost like a prefix in English. Words like 平均寿命 (heikin jumyou - average life expectancy), 平均気温 (heikin kion - average temperature), and 平均収入 (heikin shuunyuu - average income) are staples of daily news broadcasts. The ability to recognize and understand these compounds is a clear marker of a B1 level learner who is transitioning from basic conversational Japanese to more informative, data-driven language.

日本の平均寿命は世界一長いと言われています。

It is also important to note the pronunciation. The pitch accent is typically 'heiban' (flat), meaning the pitch rises on the second mora and stays high. Mispronouncing it might not lead to a complete breakdown in communication, but mastering the pitch accent will make your Japanese sound much more natural and fluent.

Pitch Accent: Heiban (flat) pitch accent: he-I-KI-N. The pitch starts low, rises on the 'i', and remains high for the rest of the word.

今年の夏の平均気温は例年より高い。

In summary, 平均 is a highly functional, culturally significant, and linguistically fascinating word that bridges the gap between basic numbers and complex societal descriptions. By mastering its usage, learners can significantly enhance their ability to comprehend and participate in discussions about statistics, norms, and standards in Japanese.

彼の成績は平均的だ。

毎日平均して8時間寝ます。

Using 平均 (heikin) correctly in Japanese requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility. Primarily, it functions as a noun. As a noun, it can be the subject or object of a sentence, taking standard particles like は (wa), が (ga), を (o), and に (ni). For example, '平均を計算する' (heikin o keisan suru) means 'to calculate the average.' When you want to state what the average is, you simply use the copula です (desu) or だ (da), as in '平均は50です' (heikin wa gojuu desu - the average is 50). This straightforward noun usage makes it relatively easy for intermediate learners to integrate into their vocabulary.

Noun Usage: Functions as a standard noun, taking particles like wa, ga, o, and ni. Often followed by the copula desu/da.

However, the true power of this word lies in its ability to form compound nouns. In Japanese, you can often place two nouns together without the particle の (no) to create a new, specific term. 平均 is incredibly prolific in this regard. You will frequently encounter words like 平均点 (heikinten - average score), 平均年齢 (heikinnenrei - average age), and 平均身長 (heikinshinchou - average height). In these compounds, it acts almost like an adjective in English, modifying the noun that follows it. This is a highly efficient way to communicate statistical information.

クラスの平均年齢は20歳です。

Another common and important usage is turning it into a na-adjective by adding 的 (teki). 平均的 (heikinteki) translates to 'average' or 'typical' in a descriptive sense. When modifying a noun, it becomes 平均的な (heikinteki na). For instance, '平均的な日本人' (heikinteki na nihonjin) means 'an average Japanese person.' This form is used when you are describing qualities or characteristics rather than strict numerical values. It implies that the subject falls within the normal or expected range for a given category.

Na-Adjective Usage: By adding 的 (teki), it becomes a na-adjective (平均的な), used to describe something as typical or standard.

Furthermore, it can be used as an adverbial phrase by adding して (shite), forming 平均して (heikin shite), which means 'on average.' This is incredibly useful for describing habits or general trends. For example, '平均して、週に3回ジムに行きます' (heikin shite, shuu ni sankai jimu ni ikimasu) means 'On average, I go to the gym three times a week.' This construction allows you to express generalizations smoothly and naturally.

平均して1日2時間勉強します。

When comparing values to the average, the suffixes 以上 (ijou - above/more than) and 以下 (ika - below/less than) are indispensable. 平均以上 (heikin ijou) means 'above average,' and 平均以下 (heikin ika) means 'below average.' These are often used in educational or professional settings to evaluate performance. For example, '彼の英語の成績は平均以上だ' (kare no eigo no seiseki wa heikin ijou da) means 'His English grades are above average.'

Adverbial Usage: Use 平均して (heikin shite) to mean 'on average' when describing habits, frequencies, or general trends over time.

私の身長は平均以下です。

このクラスの平均的な学生は真面目です。

平均を出すために計算機を使います。

The word 平均 (heikin) is ubiquitous in Japanese society, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts ranging from casual daily conversations to formal news broadcasts. One of the most common places you will hear this word is in educational settings. Japan places a strong emphasis on academic performance and standardized testing. Consequently, students, teachers, and parents frequently discuss the 平均点 (heikinten - average score) of exams. Knowing whether one's score is above or below the class or national average is a standard metric for academic success. You will hear phrases like '平均点を超えた' (heikinten o koeta - exceeded the average score) constantly during exam seasons.

Educational Context: Extensively used in schools and universities to discuss test scores, class performance, and academic rankings.

Another major domain where this word is inescapable is in weather forecasting and environmental reporting. Japan experiences distinct seasons and is highly attuned to climatic changes. News anchors and meteorologists regularly report on the 平均気温 (heikin kion - average temperature) and 平均降水量 (heikin kousuiryou - average precipitation). When discussing climate change or unusual weather patterns, they will compare current data to the '平年並み' (heinen nami - average year level) or historical averages. Understanding this vocabulary is essential for comprehending daily weather reports on Japanese television.

今日の平均気温は25度です。

In the corporate and economic spheres, 平均 is a crucial term. Business news is filled with discussions about the 日経平均株価 (Nikkei heikin kabuka - Nikkei Stock Average), which is the primary index of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Furthermore, discussions about the economy often involve terms like 平均年収 (heikin nenshuu - average annual income) and 平均労働時間 (heikin roudou jikan - average working hours). These statistics are vital for understanding the economic health of the country and the living standards of its citizens. Professionals use these terms in meetings, reports, and negotiations.

Economic Context: Crucial for business news, stock market reports (Nikkei Average), and discussions about income and labor statistics.

Demographics and public health are also areas where this word shines. Japan is famous for its longevity, and the term 平均寿命 (heikin jumyou - average life expectancy) is a point of national pride and frequent discussion. Government reports and health articles constantly reference these figures to discuss the aging population and healthcare policies. You will also hear about the 平均年齢 (heikin nenrei - average age) of different prefectures or professions.

女性の平均寿命が延びている。

Finally, in casual conversation, people use the adverbial form 平均して (heikin shite - on average) to talk about their daily routines. When someone asks how much you sleep or how often you eat out, replying with '平均して...' is a natural and sophisticated way to provide an estimate. It shows a level of fluency that goes beyond simple, absolute statements, allowing for the nuance and flexibility that characterizes native speech.

Daily Conversation: Used to describe habits and routines, providing estimates rather than exact numbers for things like sleep or expenses.

日経平均株価が下落した。

平均して月に一回映画を見ます。

社員の平均年収を調べる。

While 平均 (heikin) is a relatively straightforward concept, learners often stumble over its grammatical application and occasionally confuse it with visually or phonetically similar words. One of the most frequent errors is attempting to use it directly as an adjective to modify a noun, similar to how 'average' works in English. For example, an English speaker might try to say '平均人' (heikin hito) to mean 'an average person.' This is grammatically incorrect in Japanese. To use it as a modifier, you must either use the particle の (no) to link the two nouns, as in '平均の点数' (heikin no tensuu - average score), or turn it into a na-adjective using 的 (teki), as in '平均的な人' (heikinteki na hito - an average person).

Adjectival Modification Error: Do not place 平均 directly in front of a noun without の or 的な. Compound nouns are an exception (e.g., 平均点).

Another common mistake involves confusing 平均 with the word 普通 (futsuu). While both can be translated as 'normal' or 'average' in certain English contexts, their Japanese nuances are distinct. 普通 refers to something that is ordinary, common, or not special. It is a qualitative judgment. 平均, on the other hand, is quantitative. It implies a mathematical mean or a measurable standard. Saying 'このレストランは平均だ' (kono resutoran wa heikin da) sounds unnatural unless you are specifically talking about their numerical ratings. The correct word for 'this restaurant is average/ordinary' would be 'このレストランは普通だ' (kono resutoran wa futsuu da).

✖ 彼は平均人です。〇彼は平均的な人です。

Visual and phonetic confusion also occurs, particularly with the word 平気 (heiki). Both words share the first kanji 平 (hei - flat/peaceful). However, 平気 means 'calm,' 'unconcerned,' or 'all right.' A learner might accidentally say 'テストの平気は50点です' (tesuto no heiki wa 50 ten desu), which makes no sense ('The test's calmness is 50 points'). Paying close attention to the second kanji—均 (kin - level/equal) vs. 気 (ki - spirit/mind)—and their respective readings is crucial to avoiding this embarrassing mix-up.

Confusion with Heiki: Do not confuse 平均 (heikin - average) with 平気 (heiki - calm/fine). They share the first kanji but have completely different meanings.

When using the adverbial form 'on average,' learners sometimes forget the して (shite) and just say '平均、週に3回...' (heikin, shuu ni sankai...). While this might be understood in casual speech, the grammatically correct and much more natural way to express this is '平均して、週に3回...' (heikin shite, shuu ni sankai...). The して acts as the connective tissue that turns the noun into a functioning adverbial phrase within the sentence structure.

✖ 味が平均です。〇味が普通です。

Lastly, when creating compound words, learners sometimes insert unnecessary particles. For instance, saying '平均の寿命' (heikin no jumyou) instead of the established compound '平均寿命' (heikin jumyou). While '平均の寿命' is not strictly grammatically wrong, it sounds clunky and non-native. Memorizing the common compound nouns as single vocabulary items is the best way to avoid this unnatural phrasing and sound more fluent.

Compound Noun Fluency: Learn common combinations like 平均点 and 平均寿命 as single words rather than trying to construct them with the particle の.

✖ 平均、毎日走ります。〇平均して、毎日走ります。

✖ 平均の気温が高い。〇平均気温が高い。

✖ 私は平均です。（I am fine）〇私は平気です。

To truly master the nuances of Japanese vocabulary, it is essential to distinguish 平均 (heikin) from its synonyms and related terms. The Japanese language possesses a rich array of words to describe standards, norms, and ordinariness, each with its own specific flavor and appropriate context. The most common word learners confuse with 平均 is 普通 (futsuu). As mentioned previously, 普通 translates to 'normal,' 'ordinary,' or 'usual.' It is a subjective, qualitative assessment. If you say a movie is 普通, you mean it is mediocre or nothing special. If you say a person's height is 平均, you mean it aligns with the mathematical mean of the population. You cannot use these words interchangeably without altering the meaning of the sentence.

普通 (Futsuu): Means 'normal' or 'ordinary'. Used for qualitative judgments rather than quantitative or mathematical averages.

Another related term is 一般 (ippan), which translates to 'general' or 'common.' This word is used to describe things that apply to the majority of people or the public at large. For example, 一般人 (ippanjin) means an ordinary citizen (as opposed to a celebrity or official), and 一般的 (ippanteki) means generally accepted or common. While an 'average' (平均) might be 'common' (一般), 一般 does not carry the mathematical precision of 平均. You would talk about 一般常識 (ippan joushiki - common sense), not 平均常識.

それは平均的な考え方ではなく、一般的な考え方だ。

When discussing standards and criteria, the words 標準 (hyoujun) and 基準 (kijun) come into play. 標準 (hyoujun) means 'standard' or 'norm.' It refers to an established level of quality or achievement that is considered acceptable or normal. For example, 標準語 (hyoujungo) is the standard Japanese language. While an average (平均) is calculated from data, a standard (標準) is often set as a goal or a baseline. 基準 (kijun) means 'criterion,' 'basis,' or 'standard' in the sense of a rule or measure used for judgment. You might use an average score as a 基準 to pass or fail a student.

標準 (Hyoujun): Means 'standard'. Represents an established norm or baseline, often set intentionally, unlike an average which is calculated.

In statistical contexts, you might also encounter the word 中央値 (chuuouchi), which means 'median.' While 平均 (mean) is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values, 中央値 is the middle number in a sorted list of numbers. In economics, especially when discussing income, the median (中央値) is often considered a more accurate reflection of the typical person's experience than the mean (平均), which can be skewed by extremely high earners. Knowing the difference between these two statistical terms is crucial for advanced reading comprehension.

平均値と中央値は異なる場合があります。

Finally, the word 平凡 (heibon) is worth mentioning. It shares the kanji 平 with 平均 but means 'commonplace,' 'mediocre,' or 'uneventful.' It has a slightly negative or dismissive connotation, implying a lack of distinction or special qualities. You would describe a boring, uneventful life as 平凡な人生 (heibon na jinsei), not a 平均な人生. Understanding these subtle emotional undertones and precise definitions ensures that you choose the exact right word for your intended meaning.

中央値 (Chuuouchi): Means 'median' (the middle value). Used in statistics alongside 平均 (mean) to provide a clearer picture of data distribution.

彼の成績は平均的だが、才能は平凡ではない。

この製品は安全基準を満たしているが、平均的な品質だ。

一般的に言って、平均寿命は延びる傾向にある。

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Noun + の + Noun (for compounds not officially recognized)

Suffixes 以上 (ijou) and 以下 (ika)

Na-adjectives with 的 (teki)

Adverbial form して (shite)

Comparisons with より (yori)

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按水平分级的例句

テストの平均は50点です。

The average of the test is 50 points.

Noun + wa + number + desu.

平均を計算します。

I calculate the average.

Noun + o + verb.

クラスの平均です。

It is the class average.

Noun + no + noun.

平均は何ですか？

What is the average?

Question word 'nan' used with copula.

平均点を見ます。

I look at the average score.

Compound noun 'heikinten'.

これは平均です。

This is the average.

Basic demonstrative pronoun 'kore'.

平均が高いです。

The average is high.

Noun + ga + adjective.

平均が低いです。

The average is low.

Noun + ga + adjective.

私の身長は平均以上です。

My height is above average.

Use of suffix 'ijou' (above).

平均して、毎日1時間歩きます。

On average, I walk for one hour every day.

Adverbial phrase 'heikin shite'.

日本の平均気温は何度ですか。

What is the average temperature in Japan?

Compound noun 'heikin kion'.

彼の成績は平均以下でした。

His grades were below average.

Use of suffix 'ika' (below).

平均的な朝ごはんを食べます。

I eat an average (typical) breakfast.

Na-adjective form 'heikinteki na'.

クラスの平均年齢は20歳です。

The average age of the class is 20 years old.

Compound noun 'heikin nenrei'.

毎月の平均の生活費を計算する。

Calculate the average monthly living expenses.

Noun modifying noun with 'no'.

平均より少し高いです。

It is slightly higher than average.

Comparison using 'yori'.

日本の平均寿命は世界トップクラスです。

Japan's average life expectancy is world-class.

Compound noun 'heikin jumyou'.

この地域の平均的な家賃はいくらですか。

How much is the average rent in this area?

Na-adjective modifying a noun.

今年の夏は平均気温を上回る日が続いた。

This summer, days exceeding the average temperature continued.

Verb 'uwamawaru' (to exceed) used with average.

平均して週に3回ジムに通っています。

On average, I go to the gym three times a week.

Adverbial use describing frequency.

データから平均値を割り出す作業が必要です。

We need to calculate the average value from the data.

Specific statistical term 'heikinchi'.

彼は平均以上の能力を持っているが、努力が足りない。

He has above-average ability, but lacks effort.

Contrastive conjunction 'ga'.

睡眠時間は平均して7時間くらいとっています。

I get about 7 hours of sleep on average.

Approximation with 'kurai'.

全国平均と比べて、この県は物価が安い。

Compared to the national average, prices in this prefecture are cheap.

Comparison structure 'to kurabete'.

日経平均株価が大幅に下落し、市場に衝撃が走った。

The Nikkei Stock Average fell sharply, sending shockwaves through the market.

Business terminology and formal verbs.

平均年収の低下は、若者の結婚離れの一因とされている。

The decline in average annual income is considered one of the reasons young people are moving away from marriage.

Passive structure 'to sarete iru'.

単なる平均値ではなく、中央値を見ることで実態が把握できる。

You can grasp the actual situation by looking at the median, not just the simple average.

Contrast between 'heikinchi' and 'chuuouchi'.

このテストは難易度が高く、平均点が50点を割る見込みだ。

This test has a high difficulty level, and the average score is expected to fall below 50 points.

Idiomatic expression 'waru' (to fall below) and 'mikomi' (expectation).

労働時間を平均化することで、従業員の負担を軽減する。

By averaging out working hours, we will reduce the burden on employees.

Verb form 'heikinka suru' (to average out/equalize).

過去10年間の平均降水量をグラフにまとめた。

I summarized the average precipitation over the past 10 years in a graph.

Scientific/geographical vocabulary.

彼の意見は、平均的な日本人の感覚を代弁していると言える。

It can be said that his opinion represents the sensibilities of the average Japanese person.

Formal expression 'to ieru' (it can be said).

サンプル数が少ないため、この平均値は信頼性に欠ける。

Because the sample size is small, this average value lacks reliability.

Academic/statistical critique.

所得の格差が広がる中、平均値はもはや国民の標準的な生活水準を示す指標とはなり得ない。

As income disparity widens, the average value can no longer serve as an indicator of the standard living level of the citizens.

Advanced grammar 'to wa nari enai' (cannot possibly become).

移動平均線を用いて、為替相場の長期的なトレンドを分析する。

Analyze the long-term trend of the exchange rate using the moving average line.

Technical financial term 'idou heikinsen'.

加重平均を算出することで、より実態に即した評価が可能になる。

By calculating the weighted average, an evaluation that is more in line with the actual situation becomes possible.

Technical statistical term 'kajuu heikin'.

偏差値は、平均点を50とした場合の自分の相対的な位置を示す数値である。

Deviation value is a number that indicates your relative position when the average score is set at 50.

Explanation of the Japanese 'hensachi' system.

平均への回帰という統計学的現象を考慮せずに、施策の効果を測定することは危険だ。

It is dangerous to measure the effect of a policy without considering the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean.

Advanced statistical concept 'heikin e no kaiki'.

このアンケート結果は、極端な意見に引っ張られて平均が歪曲されている可能性がある。

There is a possibility that the average of this survey result is distorted, being pulled by extreme opinions.

Passive voice and advanced vocabulary 'waikyoku' (distortion).

平均寿命の延伸に伴い、社会保障制度の抜本的な見直しが急務となっている。

With the extension of average life expectancy, a fundamental review of the social security system has become an urgent task.

Formal written grammar 'ni tomonai' (along with).

彼は「平均的な市民」という架空の概念を盾に取って、自らの主張を正当化した。

He justified his own claims by using the fictional concept of the 'average citizen' as a shield.

Idiomatic expression 'tate ni totte' (using as an excuse/shield).

量子力学におけるアンサンブル平均は、時間平均と一致するというエルゴード仮説に基づいている。

The ensemble average in quantum mechanics is based on the ergodic hypothesis that it coincides with the time average.

Highly technical physics terminology.

マクロ経済の動向を俯瞰する際、単純平均の罠に陥らず、幾何平均や調和平均の適用妥当性を吟味せねばならない。

When taking a bird's-eye view of macroeconomic trends, one must avoid falling into the trap of simple averages and examine the validity of applying geometric or harmonic averages.

Advanced academic vocabulary and formal imperative 'seneba naranai'.

「平均人」という概念は、近代国家が国民を管理・統制するために創出された統計学的フィクションに過ぎないという批判がある。

There is a criticism that the concept of the 'average man' is nothing more than a statistical fiction created by the modern state to manage and control its citizens.

Sociological critique using 'ni suginai' (nothing more than).

気候変動の文脈において、平年値（過去30年の平均）の更新は、異常気象が「ニューノーマル」として定着しつつある現実を冷酷に突きつける。

In the context of climate change, the updating of the normal value (the 30-year average) ruthlessly confronts us with the reality that extreme weather is taking root as the 'new normal'.

Literary and highly descriptive journalistic style.

企業の業績評価において、業界平均をベンチマークとする手法は、イノベーションの阻害要因となり得るという指摘は傾聴に値する。

In corporate performance evaluation, the pointing out that the method of using the industry average as a benchmark can become an inhibiting factor for innovation is worth listening to.

Advanced business/academic phrasing 'keichou ni atai suru'.

ベイズ推定における事後分布の平均を求めるプロセスは、事前知識と観測データの精緻な統合を意味する。

The process of finding the mean of the posterior distribution in Bayesian inference signifies the precise integration of prior knowledge and observed data.

Specialized statistical terminology.

彼の小説に登場する人物たちは、一見すると平均的で没個性的な小市民であるが、その内面には狂気が孕んでいる。

The characters appearing in his novels are, at first glance, average and unindividualistic petty bourgeois, but madness is pregnant within their inner selves.

Literary analysis and psychological description.

株価のボラティリティを平滑化するため、指数平滑移動平均（EMA）がテクニカル分析において重用される。

To smooth out stock price volatility, the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) is heavily used in technical analysis.

Advanced financial trading terminology.

近义词

アベレージ平準均等標準

反义词

極端偏差

常见搭配

平均を出す

平均を上回る

平均を下回る

平均を取る

平均に達する

平均を計算する

平均が上がる

平均が下がる

平均を保つ

平均を求める

常用短语

平均して

平均的な

平均以上

平均以下

平均点

平均寿命

平均気温

平均年収

日経平均

平均年齢

容易混淆的词

平均 vs 普通 (futsuu - normal)

平均 vs 平気 (heiki - calm/fine)

平均 vs 平凡 (heibon - mediocre)

习语与表达

"平均点を取る"

"平均点を超える"

"平均を割る"

"平均に届く"

"平均を押し上げる"

"平均を引き下げる"

"平均的な日本人"

"平均を出す"

"平均を保つ"

"平均値の罠"

容易混淆

平均 vs

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Carries a strictly quantitative nuance, unlike 'futsuu' which is qualitative.

formality

Appropriate for all levels of formality, from casual chat to academic papers.

frequency

Extremely high frequency in news and educational contexts.

常见错误

Using 平均 directly as an adjective without 的な (e.g., saying 平均人 instead of 平均的な人).
Confusing 平均 (heikin - average) with 平気 (heiki - calm/fine).
Using 平均 when 普通 (futsuu - normal/ordinary) is the appropriate word for a qualitative judgment.
Forgetting to use して when trying to say 'on average' (saying just 平均 instead of 平均して).
Inserting an unnecessary の in established compound nouns (e.g., saying 平均の点 instead of 平均点).

小贴士

Use with 以上 and 以下

Attach 以上 (ijou) and 以下 (ika) directly to 平均 to express 'above average' and 'below average'. Do not use the particle の between them. This is a very common and natural phrasing in Japanese.

Memorize Compounds

Don't try to build phrases with の if a compound exists. Memorize words like 平均点 (average score) and 平均寿命 (average life expectancy) as single vocabulary items. This will dramatically improve your reading speed.

Master 'Heikin shite'

Use '平均して' (on average) when talking about your daily routines. Instead of saying 'I sleep 7 hours', say 'On average, I sleep 7 hours'. It makes your Japanese sound much more sophisticated and natural.

Don't confuse with Heiki

Be very careful not to confuse 平均 (heikin - average) with 平気 (heiki - fine/calm). Mixing these up can lead to very confusing sentences. Remember the second kanji: 均 (equal) vs 気 (spirit).

Quantitative vs Qualitative

Remember that 平均 is about numbers and data, even when used metaphorically. If you just want to say something is 'meh' or 'nothing special', use 普通 (futsuu), not 平均.

News Broadcasts

Watch Japanese weather forecasts and economic news. You will hear words like 平均気温 (average temperature) and 日経平均 (Nikkei average) constantly. It's great listening practice for this specific vocabulary.

Formal Writing

In academic or formal writing, use the term 平均値 (heikinchi - average value) when referring strictly to the mathematical number calculated from data. It sounds more precise than just 平均.

The Importance of Average

Understand that being 'average' in Japan is often viewed positively as conforming to societal norms. When reading Japanese texts, be aware of this cultural nuance regarding the word.

Flat Pitch Accent

Practice the 'heiban' (flat) pitch accent. Don't stress the first syllable. Keep the pitch high and flat after the initial 'he'. This will help you sound fluent.

Mean vs Median

For advanced learners, make sure you know the difference between 平均 (mean) and 中央値 (median). Using the correct statistical term in business or academic settings is crucial for accuracy.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a FLAT (平) surface where everything is EQUAL (均). That is the AVERAGE (平均).

词源

Sino-Japanese (On'yomi)

文化背景

'Average life expectancy' (heikin jumyou) is a point of national pride, as Japan consistently ranks at or near the top globally.

The Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei Heikin) is the most watched economic indicator in Japan, reported daily on all news programs.

The 'average score' (heikinten) is the primary metric by which students judge their success or failure on exams.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"日本の平均気温はどのくらいですか？ (What is the average temperature in Japan?)"

"あなたの国の平均寿命は何歳ですか？ (What is the average life expectancy in your country?)"

"平均して、一日に何時間寝ますか？ (On average, how many hours do you sleep a day?)"

"テストの平均点は何点でしたか？ (What was the average score on the test?)"

"平均的な朝ごはんは何ですか？ (What is an average/typical breakfast?)"

日记主题

Write about your daily routine using '平均して' (on average).

Compare your country's average weather to Japan's.

Discuss whether you think being 'average' is a good or bad thing.

Write down the average scores of your recent language tests.

Describe an 'average' day in your life.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you cannot. The word for 'I am okay' or 'I am fine' is 平気 (heiki). Although they share the first kanji 平, their meanings are completely different. 平均 strictly refers to a mathematical average or a typical standard.

You say 平均以上 (heikin ijou). You simply attach the suffix 以上 (ijou - above/more than) directly to the word. There is no need for a particle between them. For 'below average', use 平均以下 (heikin ika).

It is primarily a noun. To use it like an adjective to describe something as 'average' or 'typical', you must add 的な (teki na) to make it a na-adjective: 平均的な (heikinteki na). For example, 平均的な人 (an average person).

平均 is quantitative and refers to a calculated mean or statistical standard. 普通 is qualitative and means ordinary, common, or nothing special. You use 平均 for test scores and heights, and 普通 for describing a boring movie or a standard meal.

You say 平均して (heikin shite). This is the adverbial form. You use it to describe habits or general trends, such as '平均して、週に3回ジムに行きます' (On average, I go to the gym three times a week).

日経平均 (Nikkei Heikin) is short for 日経平均株価 (Nikkei Stock Average). It is the primary stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, similar to the Dow Jones in the US. You will hear it every day on Japanese economic news.

Often, no. 平均 forms many direct compound nouns where no particle is needed, such as 平均点 (average score) or 平均気温 (average temperature). However, for less common combinations, you might need の, like 平均の速さ (average speed).

It has a 'heiban' or flat pitch accent. The first mora 'he' is low, and the pitch rises on 'i' and stays high for 'ki' and 'n'. Pronouncing it flatly helps you sound more like a native speaker.

Yes, by adding する (suru), it becomes the verb 平均する (heikin suru), which means 'to average' or 'to balance out'. However, it is more commonly used as a noun or in its adverbial form (平均して).

While there isn't a single perfect antonym, words like 異常 (ijou - abnormal), 特別 (tokubetsu - special), or 極端 (kyokutan - extreme) are often used to describe things that deviate significantly from the average.

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