C1 Advanced Patterns 16 min read 中等

正式评价表达：足以、堪、值得

掌握这三个核心词，你就能在正式场合精准评价事物的价值和程度：«足以» 强调逻辑上的充分性，«堪» 锁定地位和状态，«值得» 衡量投入的价值。
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 足以, 堪, and 值得 to express high-level evaluations of sufficiency, capacity, or merit in formal contexts.

  • 足以 (zúyǐ) + Verb/Noun: Indicates something is sufficient to reach a state. Example: 这足以证明他的清白。
  • 堪 (kān) + Verb/Adjective: Indicates capacity to withstand or be worthy of. Example: 堪称完美。
  • 值得 (zhídé) + Verb: Indicates merit or worthiness of an action. Example: 这本书值得一读。
Subject + [足以/堪/值得] + Verb/Adjective

Overview

As you advance in your study of Chinese, you'll find that simple evaluative words like 好(hǎo) (good), 可以(kěyǐ) (can), or 够(gòu) (enough) lack the precision and formality required for sophisticated expression. In academic, professional, or formal critical contexts, your language needs to reflect the complexity of your thoughts. This is where the advanced evaluative patterns 足以 (zúyǐ), 堪 (kān), and 值得 (zhídé) become essential tools.
These three structures allow you to move beyond stating simple facts and into the realm of nuanced judgment. They don't just describe a state; they assess potential, worthiness, and value. Think of them not as adjectives, but as verbal structures that frame a formal evaluation.
  • 足以 (zúyǐ) is used to assert that a condition is sufficient to logically bring about a certain result. It's analytical and often used when presenting evidence or making a deductive claim.
  • 堪 (kān) is the most formal and literary of the trio. It assesses whether a subject is worthy of or can withstand a high-level classification or judgment. It often appears in established two-character compounds.
  • 值得 (zhídé) evaluates whether the value gained from an action justifies the cost in time, effort, or resources. It's your primary tool for expressing that something is worth it.
Mastering the distinctions between these patterns is a hallmark of a C1-level speaker. It demonstrates that you can not only communicate but also articulate sophisticated evaluations with the authority and nuance of a native professional. They are not interchangeable, and their correct use elevates your Chinese from merely functional to impressively articulate.

How This Grammar Works

These three patterns function as a special type of verb that takes another verb phrase or clause as its object. They act as a bridge, linking a subject to your formal assessment of it. Understanding their etymological roots helps clarify their modern usage.
足以 (zúyǐ): The Logic of Sufficiency
The core principle of 足以 is establishing a logical threshold. It declares that Condition A is powerful or significant enough to meet the requirements for Result B to occur. It's built from 足 (zú), meaning sufficient, and 以 (yǐ), a classical marker meaning by means of or to. Therefore, 足以 literally means
sufficient by which to...
It answers the question:
Is this cause strong enough for this effect?
This structure is inherently analytical. You use it when you are connecting a premise to a conclusion. For instance, if you are presenting evidence in an argument, 足以 is the perfect tool to state that your evidence is conclusive.
You are not just saying the evidence is good; you are asserting it is sufficient to prove your point. For example, 这些证据足以证明他是无辜的。(zhèxiē zhèngjù zúyǐ zhèngmíng tā shì wúgū de.) (This evidence is sufficient to prove his innocence.)
堪 (kān): The Standard of Worthiness
堪 is a fossil from Classical Chinese, which is why it feels so formal and primarily exists in compounds today. Its original meaning was to bear, to withstand, or
to be capable of.
This idea of withstanding scrutiny or bearing a title is central to its modern use. It evaluates whether a subject can hold up to a particularly high or severe label.
In modern Mandarin, 堪 is almost never used alone. It acts as a bound morpheme, requiring a second character to form a complete concept. The most common compounds are evaluative verbs:
  • 堪称 (kānchēng): can be called,
    is worthy of the name of.
    Used for high praise. 他的演技堪称完美。(tā de yǎnjì kānchēng wánměi.) (His acting can be called perfect.)
  • 堪比 (kānbǐ): can compare with, is comparable to. Used for favorable comparisons to a high standard.
  • 不堪 (bùkān): This negative form means cannot bear or, when used as a suffix, extremely. 后果不堪设想。(hòuguǒ bùkān shèxiǎng.) (The consequences are too dreadful to contemplate.)
Using 堪 implies you are judging the subject against a very high, almost absolute, standard.
值得 (zhídé): The Calculus of Value
值得 is the most common and versatile of the three in educated, everyday speech. Its function is to perform a cost-benefit analysis on an abstract level. The structure is transparent: 值 (zhí) means value, and 得 (dé) means to get or to obtain. Together, 值得 means something is value-getting—the benefit you obtain is greater than the cost (of time, money, or effort) you put in.
This pattern is used to make recommendations and express subjective opinions about the worth of an action. It answers the question:
Will I get enough value back if I do this?
Unlike 足以, which is logical, or 堪, which is classificatory, 值得 is about personal or collective judgment of value. For example, 这个博物馆值得花一个下午的时间参观。(zhège bówùguǎn zhídé huā yīgè xiàwǔ de shíjiān cānguān.) (This museum is worth spending an afternoon visiting.) It frames the visit not just as possible, but as a worthwhile use of your time.

Formation Pattern

1
Each of these structures has a clear and consistent grammatical pattern. Adhering to these patterns is crucial for their correct use.
2
足以 (zúyǐ) Pattern
3
足以 functions as an adverbial verb, modifying the verb phrase that follows it. The structure is straightforward.
4
| Pattern | Structure | Example | Translation |
5
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
6
| Basic | Subject + 足以 + Verb Phrase | 他的一个眼神足以让我安心。(tā de yīgè yǎnshén zúyǐ ràng wǒ ānxīn.) | A single glance from him is sufficient to put me at ease. |
7
| Negative | Subject + 不足以 + Verb Phrase | 目前的证据还不足以定罪。(mùqián de zhèngjù hái bùzúyǐ dìngzuì.) | The current evidence is not yet sufficient to convict. |
8
Note: The Subject is the cause or condition, and the Verb Phrase is the resulting effect or outcome.
9
堪 (kān) Pattern
10
As a bound morpheme in modern Chinese, 堪 is almost always part of a two-character compound. It does not function as a standalone verb.
11
| Pattern | Structure | Notes | Example | Translation |
12
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
13
| Praise | Subject + 堪称 + Noun/Adj | 堪称 (kānchēng) means can be called or
is a classic example of.
| 这座桥梁堪称工程学上的奇迹。(zhuò zuò qiáoliáng kānchēng gōngchéngxué shàng de qíjì.) | This bridge can be called a miracle of engineering. |
14
| Comparison| Subject + 堪比 + Noun | 堪比 (kānbǐ) means is comparable to, usually a high standard. | 这里的风景堪比瑞士。(zhèlǐ de fēngjǐng kānbǐ Ruìshì.) | The scenery here is comparable to Switzerland. |
15
| Negative (Unbearable) | 不堪 + Verb | 不堪 (bùkān) means the subject cannot withstand the verb's action. | 往事不堪回首。(wǎngshì bùkān huíshǒu.) | The past is too painful to look back on. |
16
| Negative (Extreme) | Adj. + 不堪 | Used as a suffix to indicate an extreme negative state. | 他刚跑完马拉松，显得疲惫不堪。(tā gāng pǎo wán mǎlāsōng, xiǎndé píbèi bùkān.) | He just finished the marathon and appeared utterly exhausted. |
17
值得 (zhídé) Pattern
18
值得 is flexible and can take a verb, a verb phrase, or even a whole clause as its object. The subject is often implied.
19
| Pattern | Structure | Example | Translation |
20
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
21
| With Verb| (Subject) + 值得 + Verb (Phrase) | 这部纪录片值得一看。(zhè bù jìlùpiàn zhídé yī kàn.) | This documentary is worth a watch. |
22
| With Clause| Subject + 值得 + Person + Action | 这个议题值得我们深入讨论。(zhège yìtí zhídé wǒmen shēnrù tǎolùn.) | This topic is worth our in-depth discussion. |
23
| Question 吗 | ...值得...吗？ | 你觉得这本书值得买吗？(nǐ juéde zhè běn shū zhídé mǎi ma?) | Do you think this book is worth buying? |
24
| Question V/Neg-V| ...值不值得...？ | 我们应该考虑一下，这样做值不值得。(wǒmen yīnggāi kǎolǜ yīxià, zhèyàng zuò zhí bù zhídé.) | We should consider whether doing it this way is worth it. |
25
| Predicative| ...是值得的。 | Using 的 (de) turns it into a descriptive phrase, often at the end of a sentence. | 所有的努力最终都是值得的。(suǒyǒu de nǔlì zuìzhōng dōu shì zhídé de.) | All the effort was worth it in the end. |

When To Use It

Choosing the right word depends entirely on the context, your intention, and the level of formality required. Using them in the wrong setting can sound awkward or overly dramatic.
Formal, Written, and Academic Contexts
This is the primary domain for 足以 and 堪. Use them in reports, essays, formal presentations, and written critiques.
  • Use 足以 when constructing a logical argument or presenting findings. It adds a layer of analytical certainty. In a business proposal, you might write: 我们的初步研究足以表明该市场的巨大潜力。(wǒmen de chūbù yánjiū zúyǐ biǎomíng gāi shìchǎng de jùdà qiánlì.) (Our preliminary research is sufficient to show the huge potential of this market.)
  • Use 堪 (in its compounds) for high-level praise or serious criticism in artistic, literary, or academic reviews. 这篇论文的论证堪称严谨。(zhè piān lùnwén de lùnzhèng kānchēng yánjǐn.) (The argumentation of this thesis can be called rigorous.) For expressing grave concern, 令人堪忧 (lìng rén kānyōu) is a standard formal phrase: 该地区的环境污染问题令人堪忧。(gāi dìqū de huánjìng wūrǎn wèntí lìng rén kānyōu.) (The environmental pollution problem in that area is worrying.)
Educated Spoken Contexts and Formal Discussions
In meetings, debates, or serious discussions, 值得 is very common, while 足以 can be used to make a strong point. 堪 compounds are rarer in speech but can be used for emphasis.
  • Use 值得 constantly for recommendations, suggestions, and evaluations. It is the standard way to express worth it in a professional or educated setting. 我同意你的看法，这个方案确实值得一试。(wǒ tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ, zhège fāng'àn quèshí zhídé yī shì.) (I agree with your view; this plan is indeed worth a try.)
  • Use 足以 in speech to add weight to a conclusion. 他今天的表现足以证明他的能力。(tā jīntiān de biǎoxiàn zúyǐ zhèngmíng tā de nénglì.) (His performance today is sufficient to prove his ability.)
When NOT to use them:
Avoid these structures in very casual, everyday situations. Telling a street food vendor his noodles 堪称一绝(kānchēng yī jué) (can be called a masterpiece) would be humorous but stylistically bizarre. For simple sufficiency, use 够 (gòu).
For simple ability, use 能 (néng) or 可以 (kěyǐ). These formal patterns are like a suit and tie—essential for the right occasion, but out of place at the beach.
| Situation | Best Choice | Rationale | Example |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Proving a logical point | 足以 | Emphasizes the sufficiency of the evidence/cause. | 这些统计数据足以说明一切。(Zhèxiē tǒngjì shùjù zúyǐ shuōmíng yīqiè.) |
| Recommending a movie | 值得 | Evaluates the value gained vs. time/money spent. | 这部电影绝对值得一看。(Zhè bù diànyǐng juéduì zhídé yī kàn.) |
| Bestowing high praise in a review | 堪称 | Ascribes a high-status label; very formal. | 他的画作堪称艺术品。(Tā de huàzuò kānchēng yìshùpǐn.) |
| Expressing grave concern | 堪忧/不堪 | Formal, serious phrases for worrying or unbearable states. | 公司的未来令人堪忧。(Gōngsī de wèilái lìng rén kānyōu.) |

Common Mistakes

Learners often struggle with the fine distinctions between these words and their more common counterparts. Here are the most frequent errors and how to correct them.
1. Confusing 足以 (zúyǐ) with 够 (gòu)
This is the most common error. 够 expresses simple sufficiency of quantity or degree. 足以 expresses logical sufficiency to cause a result. Using 足以 for simple quantities is overkill.
  • Incorrect: 我的钱足以买一杯咖啡。|wǒ de qián zúyǐ mǎi yībēi kāfēi.
  • Why: While grammatically not entirely wrong, it's stylistically terrible. It frames buying coffee as a logical outcome of having money, which is unnecessarily formal. It's like saying
    My funds are sufficient to facilitate the purchase of one coffee beverage.
  • Correct: 我的钱够买一杯咖啡。|wǒ de qián gòu mǎi yībēi kāfēi.
  • Correct Use of 足以: 他的警告足以让我们保持警惕。(tā de jǐnggào zúyǐ ràng wǒmen bǎochí jǐngtì.) (His warning is sufficient to make us stay vigilant.)
2. Using 堪 (kān) as a Standalone Verb
In Modern Mandarin, 堪 is a bound morpheme. It cannot be used by itself.
  • Incorrect: 这幅画很堪。|zhè fú huà hěn kān.
  • Why: 堪 has no meaning on its own in this context. It must be part of a compound.
  • Correct: 这幅画堪称杰作。|zhè fú huà kānchēng jiézuò. (This painting can be called a masterpiece.)
3. Using 值得 (zhídé) with a Simple Adjective
值得 requires a verb, verb phrase, or nominalized clause as its object. It evaluates the worth of an action, not a quality.
  • Incorrect: 这个地方值得美丽。|zhège dìfāng zhídé měilì.
  • Why: You are not evaluating the
    worth of being beautiful.
    You are evaluating the worth of an action related to the place.
  • Correct: 这个地方值得参观。|zhège dìfāng zhídé cānguān. (This place is worth visiting.)
  • Correct: 他的奉献精神值得我们尊敬。|tā de fèngxiàn jīngshén zhídé wǒmen zūnjìng. (His spirit of dedication is worth our respect.)
4. Misinterpreting 不堪 (bùkān)
不堪 is not a simple negation of 堪. It does not mean not worthy. It has two specific, negative meanings:
  • 1. Cannot withstand/bear: 不堪一击 (bùkān yījī) means
    cannot withstand a single blow.
  • 2. Extremely (negative suffix): 疲惫不堪 (píbèi bùkān) means utterly exhausted. 狼狈不堪 (lángbèi bùkān) means
    in a total mess.
  • Mistake: Thinking 他不堪 means
    He is not worthy.
    It is meaningless without context.
5. Confusing 值得 (zhídé) with 值 (zhí)
值 (zhí) primarily refers to monetary or numerical value. 值得 refers to abstract, subjective worth.
  • 值 (Value): 这块玉值多少钱？(zhè kuài yù zhí duōshǎo qián?) (How much is this piece of jade worth?)
  • 值得 (Worth it): 花钱买知识是值得的。(huā qián mǎi zhīshì shì zhídé de.) (Spending money to acquire knowledge is worth it.)

Real Conversations

Seeing these patterns in natural contexts helps solidify their meaning. Notice how the choice of word reflects the tone and intent of the speaker.

Scenario 1: A Work Email Between Colleagues

Subject: 关于新项目的几点看法 (A few thoughts on the new project)

> 王经理 (Manager Wang):

> 李婷，你看了市场部发来的最新报告吗？我担心它的数据不足以支撑我们下一季度的扩张计划。

> Lǐ Tíng, nǐ kànle shìchǎng bù fā lái de zuìxīn bàogào ma? Wǒ dānxīn tā de shùjù bùzúyǐ zhīchēng wǒmen xià yí jìdù de kuòzhāng jìhuà.

> (Li Ting, have you seen the latest report from the marketing department? I'm worried its data is not sufficient to support our expansion plan for the next quarter.)

>

> 李婷 (Li Ting):

> 王经理，我正要跟您说。报告我看过了，确实有些地方前景令人堪忧。不过，我认为其中关于用户增长的部分还是值得我们深入分析的。或许我们可以调整一下策略。

> Wáng jīnglǐ, wǒ zhèng yào gēn nín shuō. Bàogào wǒ kànguòle, quèshí yǒuxiē dìfāng qiánjǐng lìng rén kānyōu. Bùguò, wǒ rènwéi qízhōng guānyú yònghù zēngzhǎng de bùfèn háishì zhídé wǒmen shēnrù fēnxī de. Huòxǔ wǒmen kěyǐ tiáozhěng yīxià cèlüè.

> (Manager Wang, I was just about to tell you. I've read the report, and indeed some aspects of the outlook are worrying. However, I think the part about user growth is still worth our in-depth analysis. Perhaps we can adjust our strategy.)

Scenario 2: A Social Media Post (on 豆瓣 Douban reviewing a book)

> @爱书的猫 (@àishūdemāo):

> 刚读完《深空》，作者的想象力堪称一绝！书里构建的宇宙观宏大而自洽，很多细节足以引发读者长时间的思考。虽然价格有点贵，但绝对值得收藏。

> Gāng dú wán “Shēnkōng”, zuòzhě de xiǎngxiànglì kānchēng yī jué! Shū lǐ gòujiàn de yǔzhòuguān hóngdà ér zìqià, hěnduō xìjié zúyǐ yǐnfā dúzhě cháng shíjiān de sīkǎo. Suīrán jiàgé yǒudiǎn guì, dàn juéduì zhídé shōucáng.

> (Just finished reading Deep Space, the author's imagination can be called second to none! The worldview constructed in the book is grand and self-consistent, and many details are sufficient to provoke long periods of thought from the reader. Although the price is a bit high, it's absolutely worth adding to your collection.)

Quick FAQ

Q: Can 足以 (zúyǐ) only be used for positive outcomes?

No, not at all. 足以 is neutral and concerns only logical sufficiency. It works just as well for negative results. For example: 他的一次疏忽就足以毁掉整个项目。(tā de yīcì shūhū jiù zúyǐ huǐ diào zhěnggè xiàngmù.) (A single act of negligence on his part was sufficient to ruin the entire project.)

Q: 堪称 (kānchēng) feels very strong. Is there a softer alternative for
can be said to be
?

Yes. The most common and less formal alternative is 可以说是 (kěyǐ shuō shì). Use 可以说是 for general observations (他可以说是我们公司最努力的员工。|tā kěyǐ shuō shì wǒmen gōngsī zuì nǔlì de yuángōng.) and reserve 堪称 for when you are bestowing a very high, almost official, level of praise (他的表演堪称完美。|tā de biǎoyǎn kānchēng wánměi.).

Q: What's the difference between 值得 (zhídé) and 值得的 (zhídé de)?

值得 is the verb form that precedes the object (the action being evaluated): 这本书值得一读。(zhè běn shū zhídé yī dú.) (This book is worth reading.) 值得的 uses the particle 的 to turn the phrase into an adjectival predicate, typically used at the end of a sentence to state that something was, in fact, worth it. 我们所有的付出都是值得的。(wǒmen suǒyǒu de fùchū dōu shì zhídé de.) (All of our efforts were worth it.)

Q: How is the question form 值不值得 different from 值得吗?

They are very similar, but the 值不值得 (zhí bù zhídé) V/not-V pattern often implies a more deliberative or internal debate. It invites a more considered response. 值得吗 (zhídé ma) is a more straightforward yes/no question. In many cases, they are interchangeable.

Q: I've seen 情何以堪 (qíng hé yǐ kān). What does this 堪 phrase mean?

This is a famous literary idiom from Classical Chinese. It means

How can one bear the emotions?
or "(The situation is so embarrassing/sad/awkward that) it's emotionally unbearable." It is highly literary and used to express extreme emotional distress or embarrassment.

Q: Can I use 足以 in daily conversation?

It's rare in casual chat. You might hear it in a serious discussion, a debate, or a presentation. If your friend tells you they're tired, responding 你的黑眼圈足以证明你没睡好。(nǐ de hēiyǎnquān zúyǐ zhèngmíng nǐ méi shuì hǎo) (Your dark circles are sufficient to prove you didn't sleep well) would sound overly formal and analytical. You'd more likely say 看来你真的没睡好。 (Looks like you really didn't sleep well.)

Evaluative Predicate Structure

Marker Function Followed By Register
足以
Sufficiency
Verb/Clause
Formal
堪
Capacity/Endurance
Verb/Noun
Formal
值得
Merit
Verb/Noun
Neutral

Meanings

These terms function as formal evaluative predicates that qualify the nature, sufficiency, or worth of an action or state.

1

Sufficiency (足以)

Indicates that the preceding subject or action is enough to achieve a specific result.

“这笔钱足以支付学费。”

“这些证据足以定罪。”

2

Capacity/Endurance (堪)

Indicates the ability to bear, endure, or reach a standard of quality.

“他堪当大任。”

“这幅画堪称杰作。”

3

Merit (值得)

Indicates that an object or action is worth the investment of time, effort, or money.

“这个项目值得投资。”

“这趟旅行非常值得。”

Reference Table

Reference table for 正式评价表达：足以、堪、值得
表达方式 细微差别 常见搭配 语体色彩
足以 (zúyǐ)
强调力量或资源足以达到某种结果
足以说明, 足以证明
正式 / 逻辑性强
堪称 (kānchēng)
可以称作，通常用于极高的赞美
堪称一绝, 堪称完美
文学化 / 赞赏
不堪 (bùkān)
无法忍受或程度极深（多用于负面）
痛苦不堪, 疲惫不堪
正式 / 负面
堪忧 (kānyōu)
令人感到担忧
前景堪忧, 状况堪忧
新闻 / 正式
值得 (zhídé)
有价值，配得上某种投入
值得一看, 值得纪念
通用 / 半正式
不值得 (bù zhídé)
没有必要，不划算
不值得一提, 不值得生气
通用
足以支撑 (zúyǐ zhīchēng)
足够维持某个系统或局面
足以支撑整个系统
技术 / 专业

正式程度

正式
这部电影值得观赏。

这部电影值得观赏。 (Movie Review)

中性
这部电影值得看。

这部电影值得看。 (Movie Review)

非正式
这片子挺值得看的。

这片子挺值得看的。 (Movie Review)

俚语
这片儿值了。

这片儿值了。 (Movie Review)

正式评价词汇体系

评价词汇

能力/充分性 (足以)

  • 证明 证明观点
  • 支撑 支撑系统

地位/状态 (堪)

  • 堪称 被誉为
  • 堪忧 令人担忧

价值 (值得)

  • 称赞 值得表扬
  • 学习 值得借鉴

正式 vs. 口语评价

口语 (A1-B2)
够了 足够
可以说 可以称作
很有用 有价值
正式 (C1-C2)
足以 充分足以
堪称 被誉为
值得 配得上

该选哪个正式词汇？

1

是关于资源/力量是否足以达成结果吗？

YES
使用 足以
NO
进入下一步
2

是关于某物是否配得上投入的精力或价值吗？

YES
使用 值得
NO ↓

常见固定搭配

✨

带“堪”的词组

  • • 堪称完美
  • • 疲惫不堪
  • • 前景堪忧
🧠

逻辑充分性

  • • 足以说明
  • • 足以胜任
  • • 足以应付
💎

高价值动作

  • • 值得商榷
  • • 值得收藏
  • • 值得深思
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

这够了。

1

这电影值得看。

1

这笔钱足以买车。

1

他的表现堪称完美。

1

这些证据足以推翻原判。

1

此人堪当大任，不可小觑。

容易混淆

Formal Evaluations: Sufficient and Worthy (足以, 堪, 值得) 对比 足以 vs 足够

Learners often use them interchangeably, but 足以 is a formal evaluative predicate while 足够 is a general adjective/adverb.

Formal Evaluations: Sufficient and Worthy (足以, 堪, 值得) 对比 值得 vs 值

Learners use 值 as a verb, but it's usually an adjective.

Formal Evaluations: Sufficient and Worthy (足以, 堪, 值得) 对比 堪 vs 能

Learners use 能 for everything, but 堪 is for endurance or high-level evaluation.

常见错误

✗

这够值得。

✓

这很值得。

Don't combine 'enough' and 'worth' like this.
✗

他足以做这个。

✓

他足以胜任这个。

足以 needs a more formal verb.
✗

这值得买。

✓

这值得购买。

Use formal verbs after 值得.
✗

我不堪。

✓

我不堪重负。

堪 needs an object.
✗

这足以好。

✓

这足够好。

足以 is for results, not adjectives.
✗

他堪做老师。

✓

他堪称老师。

堪 needs a specific complement.
✗

这不值得去。

✓

这不值得一去。

Use formal structure.
✗

这足以证明。

✓

这足以证明这一点。

Needs a complete object.
✗

他堪大任。

✓

他堪当大任。

Needs the verb 当.
✗

这值得被做。

✓

这值得做。

Avoid passive voice.
✗

这足以让他失败。

✓

这足以导致他的失败。

Use formal nouns.
✗

他堪称天才。

✓

他堪称天才人物。

Needs more formal noun.
✗

这不值得讨论。

✓

这不值得深究。

Use more precise verbs.
✗

这足以说明。

✓

这足以说明问题。

Needs object.

句型

这___证明了他的能力。

他___大任。

这个决定___。

这些钱___支付费用。

Real World Usage

Legal Document very common

证据足以定罪。

Movie Review common

此片堪称杰作。

Investment Advice common

该项目值得投资。

Social Media occasional

这不值得生气。

Job Interview common

我堪当此任。

Travel Blog common

此地值得一游。

免费注册查看所有例句
🎯

“堪”字通常不单用

在现代汉语里，“堪”几乎总是以双音节词的形式出现。比如评价地位用 «堪称»，表示担忧用 «堪忧»，或者形容极度负面状态用 «不堪»。
⚠️

别在微信聊天里用得太频繁

如果你只是跟朋友聊聊电影，用 «足以» 可能会显得有点“装”。日常生活中，用 «够了» 或者 «可以» 会更接地气，比如 «这菜够我们吃了»。
💡

“值得”是最万能的保险牌

如果你不确定该用哪个词来表达“有价值”，«值得» 是最稳妥的选择。它既能用在正式报告里，也能用在半正式的谈话中，比如 «这个建议值得考虑»。

Smart Tips

Use 足以 to make your arguments sound more evidence-based.

这证明了我的观点。 → 这足以证明我的观点。

Use 值得 to show you have evaluated the quality.

这电影很好。 → 这电影值得一看。

Use 堪当 to sound authoritative.

他能做这个工作。 → 他堪当此任。

Use 不足以 to show doubt.

这不能证明。 → 这不足以证明。

发音

zú-yǐ

足以

zúyǐ - Ensure the second tone on zú is clear.

kān

堪

kān - First tone, flat and high.

zhí-de

值得

zhídé - Second tone + neutral tone.

Formal emphasis

这 | 足以 | 证明。

Pause slightly after the marker for impact.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of '足以' as 'enough to reach the goal', '堪' as 'can handle the weight', and '值得' as 'worth the price'.

视觉联想

Imagine a scale: '足以' balances the result, '堪' holds up a heavy load, and '值得' puts a gold coin on the value side.

Rhyme

足以够用显程度，堪称杰作有风度，值得一试好态度。

Story

A scholar is reading a book. He says, 'This book is `值得` (worth) reading.' He then looks at his notes and says, 'These notes are `足以` (sufficient) to pass the exam.' Finally, he looks at his mentor and says, 'He `堪` (is capable of) being my teacher.'

Word Web

足以堪称值得不足以不堪不值得

挑战

Write three sentences about your day using each of the three markers.

文化笔记

Used heavily in formal news and political discourse.

Common in literary and academic writing.

Often mixed with Cantonese, but formal writing remains standard.

These terms are derived from Classical Chinese, where they functioned as auxiliary verbs.

对话开场白

“

你觉得这部电影值得看吗？

“

你认为这些证据足以定罪吗？

“

谁堪称你心目中的英雄？

“

这个项目值得投资吗？

日记主题

Write a review of a book you recently read.
Argue why a specific person is a great leader.
Discuss a recent news event and the evidence provided.
Reflect on a life choice you made.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

请选择最合适的正式词汇填空。

他的表现___完美，拿到了全场最高分。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 堪称
“堪称”意为“可以称作”或“配得上……的称号”，与“完美”搭配最为恰当。
下列哪个句子对“足以”的使用是正确的？

请选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他的时间足以让他完成任务。
“足以”必须放在动词短语前，表示某种资源（时间）足以达成某种结果。
找出并修正句子中的错误。

这本小说非常值得好，你应该买。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这本小说非常值得看，你应该买。
“值得”后面必须接动词（如“看”），不能直接接形容词（如“好”）。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct marker.

这笔钱___支付学费。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 足以
足以 indicates sufficiency for a result.
Choose the most formal sentence. 多项选择

Which is most formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这足以证明。
足以 is the most formal.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

他堪做大任。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他堪当大任。
Needs the verb 当.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

值得 / 这 / 尝试 / 是

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这值得尝试。
Standard structure.
Translate to Chinese. 翻译

This is worth it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这值得。
Worth = 值得.
Match the marker to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match 足以, 堪, 值得

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sufficiency, Capacity, Merit
Correct mapping.
Is this true? True False Rule

足以 is used for merit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
足以 is for sufficiency.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 这电影好吗? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 值得看
Most natural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
选词填空。 填空

你准备的资料已经___证明你的观点了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 足以
修正错误。 Error Correction

那里的环境污染令人足以。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 那里的环境污染令人堪忧。
将词语连成句子。 Sentence Reorder

值得 / 大家的 / 这个 / 方案 / 讨论

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个方案值得大家讨论。
用“堪称”翻译句子。 翻译

This movie can be called a classic.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这部电影堪称经典。
哪个短语表示“累坏了”？ 多项选择

选择正确的短语：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 累得不堪
将词语与其最佳语境匹配。 Match Pairs

连线匹配：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 足以 : 证明观点, 堪称 : 艺术精品, 值得 : 再次尝试
选择正式词汇。 填空

这个问题根本不___讨论。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 值得
识别并修正错误。 Error Correction

他的工资堪让他买房。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他的工资足以让他买房。
连词成句。 Sentence Reorder

证据 / 并不 / 定罪 / 足以 / 这些

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这些证据并不足以定罪。
选择正式报告用语。 多项选择

在报告中哪种说法最专业？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个结果堪称完美。

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Only if you are being very formal or ironic. Stick to 够 for texts.

堪称 is a set phrase meaning 'can be called'. It's very common.

Usually, but it can be followed by a noun phrase like '值得一试'.

Add 不 before the marker: 不足以, 不堪, 不值得.

Yes, they are standard Mandarin, though usage frequency varies.

值得 is a verb phrase, 值 is an adjective.

Yes, they are highly recommended for academic writing.

Not really, they are quite consistent in their usage.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Suficiente / Merecer

Spanish uses verb conjugation, Chinese does not.

French high

Suffisant / Mériter

French requires agreement.

German moderate

Genug / Wert sein

German word order is more flexible.

Japanese high

十分 / 値する

Japanese uses particles.

Arabic moderate

كاف / يستحق

Arabic has a complex root system.

Chinese high

够 / 值

Register is the main difference.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
高级程度副词：极其、至为、颇为
Next
强调重复：一而再、三番五次

Learn These First

A1 Builds On

汉语能愿动词：如何表达“应该” (应该 yīnggāi)

为什么你的手机只有 2% 的电量？你正和朋友在外面。你正打算拍一段 TikTok。你的屏幕在闪烁。任何正常人都会告诉你："你应该给手...

相关视频

不妨 - HSK 6 Advanced Chinese Grammar Lesson 6.12.1 3:37 YouTube

不妨 - HSK 6 Advanced Chinese Grammar Lesson 6.12.1

Chinese Zero to Hero
巴不得 - HSK 6 Advanced Chinese Grammar Lesson 6.1.1 5:41 YouTube

巴不得 - HSK 6 Advanced Chinese Grammar Lesson 6.1.1

Chinese Zero to Hero

Related Grammar Rules

C1

中文里的正式委婉语：似乎、恐怕、或许

Overview In Chinese, as in any language, how you state a fact is as important as the fact itself. Advanced communicatio...
B2

“杯弓蛇影”：理解这个形容“自己吓自己”的成语

当老板发来一封只有一个词的邮件，比如“在吗？”，你是否曾感到一阵恐惧？你的大脑飞速运转：我是不是要被解雇了？报告写砸了？结...
C1

高级程度副词：极其、至为、颇为

你有没有注意到有些词就是能增加*气势*？你知道，“好”和“太棒了”之间的区别吗？中文里有专门用于此目的的副词，尤其是在书面语中...
C1

高级名词后缀：性、化、度 (Abstract Nominalization)

Overview In your journey to Chinese fluency, you move from describing the world to analyzing it. You stop just saying a...
C1

高级正式被动语态：为...所 与 见

Overview At the C1 level, mastering register is as crucial as mastering grammar. While `被 (bèi)` is the all-purpose pa...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！