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A2 noun #3,500 सबसे आम 10 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

سخت‌افزار

Q: What is the opposite of 'Sakht-afzar'?

The direct opposite is 'Narm-afzar' (نرمافزار), which means software. These two words are almost always taught together as they represent the two halves of a computer system.

sakht-afzar शीर्ष 3,500

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव سخت‌افزار 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या سخت‌افزار in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'Sakht-afzar' (سخت‌افزار) means the physical parts of a computer. Think of it as the 'body' of the computer. You can see it and touch it. Examples include the monitor, the mouse, and the keyboard. In Persian, we say 'In sakht-afzar ast' (This is hardware). It is a very useful word because computers are everywhere. You don't need to know how they work yet, just that the physical stuff is called 'sakht-afzar'. It is the opposite of 'narm-afzar' (software), which are the programs inside. Just remember: Sakht = Hard/Physical. If you can touch it, it is sakht-afzar. You might see this word in a basic computer class or on a sign in a store. It is a compound word made of 'sakht' and 'afzar'. Even at this level, knowing this word helps you identify different areas in a shop. For example, if you see a sign that says 'Sakht-afzar', you know that is where the physical parts are sold, not the games or programs.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'Sakht-afzar' in simple sentences to describe your needs or problems. You might say, 'Computer-e man sakht-afzar-e ghavi nadarad' (My computer does not have powerful hardware). You can also use it to talk about buying things: 'Man mikham sakht-afzar-e jadid bekharam' (I want to buy new hardware). At this level, you understand that hardware includes things inside the computer too, like the 'memory' or the 'processor'. You are starting to see how the word is used in daily life, especially when talking about phones and laptops. You can distinguish between a physical problem and a software problem. For example, 'Moshkel sakht-afzari ast' (The problem is hardware-related). This is a very common phrase. You should also be familiar with the plural form 'sakht-afzar-ha'. You might hear a teacher say, 'Sakht-afzar-ha ra lams nakonid' (Don't touch the hardwares/hardware components). It is a key word for basic technical communication in Persian.

At the B1 level, you can discuss the relationship between hardware and software in more detail. You can use 'Sakht-afzar' to talk about compatibility and requirements. For example, 'In bazi be sakht-afzar-e pishrafte-yi niaz darad' (This game needs advanced hardware). You are comfortable using the word in professional or academic contexts, such as describing the specifications of a device. You might also start using related terms like 'ertegha-ye sakht-afzari' (hardware upgrade). At this level, you understand that 'sakht-afzar' isn't just for computers but applies to any electronic system, like a robot or a specialized medical machine. You can explain why a certain piece of hardware is better than another using comparative adjectives. For instance, 'Sakht-afzar-e in laptop az an yeki behtar ast' (The hardware of this laptop is better than that one). You also begin to notice the word in news reports about technology and innovation in Iran, such as the production of domestic hardware components.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B2 level, you can use 'Sakht-afzar' to engage in more complex technical discussions or debates. You might talk about the 'sakhtar-e sakht-afzari' (hardware architecture) or the 'mahdoodiyat-ha-ye sakht-afzari' (hardware limitations) of a system. You can explain how hardware affects performance in detail. For example, 'Behine-sazi-ye narm-afzar bedoon-e tavajoh be sakht-afzar emkan-pazir nist' (Optimizing software without considering hardware is not possible). You are also aware of the historical context of the word in the Persian language and how it was coined as a calque. You can use the word in formal presentations or reports. You might discuss 'mohandesi-ye sakht-afzar' (hardware engineering) as a career path. At this level, your vocabulary includes more specific sub-terms like 'motherboard', 'processor', and 'storage', and you can explain how 'sakht-afzar' acts as the collective term for all of them. You can also understand and use metaphorical extensions of the word in rare cases, though you primarily use it in its technical sense.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'سخت‌افزار' and can use it in highly specialized or academic contexts. You can discuss 'sakht-afzar-e baz' (open-source hardware) or the 'amniyat-e sakht-afzari' (hardware security) of a system. You are capable of reading and summarizing complex technical manuals or research papers written in Persian that focus on hardware development. You understand the subtle differences between 'sakht-afzar' and similar terms like 'tajhizat' or 'mashin-alat' in professional settings. You can debate the merits of different hardware architectures and their impact on emerging technologies like artificial intelligence or quantum computing. Your sentences are complex and use advanced grammatical structures: 'Pishraft-ha-ye akhir dar zamine-ye sakht-afzar, daryache-yi az forsat-ha-ye no ra be roo-ye mohandesan goshade ast' (Recent advances in hardware have opened a sea of new opportunities for engineers). You are also familiar with the jargon used by hardware experts in Iran and can navigate professional networking events in the tech industry.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you use 'سخت‌افزار' with the same precision and flexibility as a highly educated native speaker or a technical expert. You can write authoritative articles or deliver keynote speeches on the future of 'sakht-afzar' and its role in national infrastructure. You understand the deepest etymological roots of the components of the word and can appreciate its linguistic elegance. You can handle high-level negotiations involving hardware procurement or manufacturing contracts. You are aware of the socio-political implications of hardware production, such as 'khod-kafayi-ye sakht-afzari' (hardware self-sufficiency). You can use the word in creative or philosophical ways, perhaps discussing the 'hardware' of the human brain in a cognitive science context. Your command of the language allows you to switch effortlessly between technical jargon and layman's terms while maintaining perfect accuracy. You are not just a user of the language; you are a master of its technical and conceptual applications, with 'سخت‌افزار' being just one precisely used tool in your vast linguistic arsenal.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

سخت‌افزار 30 सेकंड में

Sakht-afzar means hardware, referring to physical computer parts like CPU or monitor.
It is a compound of 'Sakht' (hard) and 'Afzar' (tool/instrument).
It contrasts with 'Narm-afzar' (software), which refers to digital programs.
Used in IT, engineering, and daily tech talk to describe physical components.

The term سخت‌افزار (Sakht-afzar) is a foundational word in modern Persian, specifically within the realms of technology, engineering, and daily digital interaction. Etymologically, it is a compound noun formed from two distinct Persian words: sakht (سخت), meaning 'hard' or 'solid,' and afzar (افزار), which translates to 'tool,' 'instrument,' or 'apparatus.' This construction is a direct linguistic calque of the English word 'hardware.' It refers to the tangible, physical components of a computer system or any electronic device. Unlike software, which consists of intangible instructions and data, hardware is anything you can physically touch, from the internal circuitry like the motherboard and CPU to external peripherals like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Technical Definition: In a professional IT context, سخت‌افزار encompasses the physical architecture of a system, including input devices, output devices, storage media, and processing units. It is the body that houses the 'soul' of the software.

People use this word most frequently when discussing computer specifications, troubleshooting technical issues, or purchasing new equipment. If a computer is running slowly, a technician might ask if the problem is sakht-afzari (hardware-related) or narm-afzari (software-related). In the Iranian marketplace, specifically in tech hubs like Tehran's 'Pasaj-e Reza' or 'Pasaj-e Payetakht,' you will see this word emblazoned on shop signs and service centers. It carries a connotation of durability and physical substance.

برای ارتقای سرعت سیستم، باید سخت‌افزار آن را به‌روزرسانی کنید.

Translation: To upgrade the system speed, you must update its hardware.

Beyond just computers, the term has expanded in modern Persian to cover the physical infrastructure of various systems. For example, in urban planning, one might occasionally hear 'hardware of the city' referring to bridges and roads, though this is more metaphorical. However, its primary home remains in the world of silicon chips and metal casings. Understanding this word is essential for anyone navigating the modern Iranian workplace or educational system, as the distinction between the physical and the virtual is a daily topic of conversation.

Colloquial Usage: In casual speech, users often shorten the concept to 'ghat'at' (parts), but 'sakht-afzar' remains the formal and correct technical term used in manuals and stores.

مشکل کامپیوتر من سخت‌افزاری است، نه نرم‌افزاری.

The evolution of this word reflects Iran's rapid adoption of global technology. In the early days of computing in Iran, English terms were often used directly, but the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Farhangestan) successfully promoted 'سخت‌افزار' to the point where it is now the universal standard. It is used in academic textbooks, government documents, and by every local computer repairman. Whether you are buying a graphics card or complaining about a broken printer, this is the word you need.

Breadth of Scope: Includes CPU (واحد پردازش مرکزی), RAM (حافظه موقت), Hard Drive (حافظه جانبی), and Motherboard (برد اصلی).

شرکت‌های بزرگی در دنیا در زمینه تولید سخت‌افزار فعالیت می‌کنند.

Using سخت‌افزار correctly involves understanding its role as a collective noun that can also function as an adjective when the suffix '-i' (ی) is added. In its base form, it refers to the collection of physical parts. When used in sentences, it often acts as the subject or the object of verbs related to maintenance, purchasing, or compatibility. Because it is a compound word, it follows standard Persian grammar rules for pluralization (سخت‌افزارها) and possession (سخت‌افزارِ من).

Standard Subject Usage: سخت‌افزار این لپ‌تاپ بسیار قدیمی است. (The hardware of this laptop is very old.) Here, the word is the focus of the description.

When you want to describe a problem, the adjectival form sakht-afzari is crucial. This helps distinguish between a physical break and a coding bug. For instance, if your screen is cracked, that is a 'moshkel-e sakht-afzari' (a hardware problem). If your app is crashing, that is a 'moshkel-e narm-afzari'. This distinction is the most common way learners will encounter and use the word in professional environments.

آیا این برنامه با سخت‌افزار گوشی من سازگار است؟

Translation: Is this program compatible with my phone's hardware?

In academic or formal writing, you might see the word used in the context of 'hardware engineering' (mohandesi-ye sakht-afzar). This is a popular field of study in Iranian universities. When constructing sentences about education or careers, the word remains stable and formal. It can also be used with verbs like 'nasb kardan' (to install) when referring to physical components, though 'bastane ghat'at' (assembling parts) is also common.

Verb Pairing: Common verbs include: 'Ertegha dadan' (to upgrade), 'Tamir kardan' (to repair), and 'Tolid kardan' (to produce).

مهندسان در حال طراحی سخت‌افزارهای جدیدی برای هوش مصنوعی هستند.

Notice that in the plural form, we add '-ha'. In Persian, even though 'hardware' is often uncountable in English, 'sakht-afzar-ha' is perfectly acceptable when referring to different types of hardware or multiple units of hardware components. This is a subtle difference that English speakers should note to sound more natural.

Professional Context: In a job interview: 'Man dar zamine-ye negahdari-ye sakht-afzar tajrobe daram.' (I have experience in hardware maintenance.)

قیمت سخت‌افزار در ماه‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است.

Finally, remember that 'sakht-afzar' is a formal word. In very casual street slang, someone might just say 'ghat'e' (part) or even the English word 'hardware' with a Persian accent, but using 'sakht-afzar' marks you as someone who knows the language well and respects its technical vocabulary. It is the bridge between everyday speech and professional expertise.

The word سخت‌افزار is ubiquitous in several specific environments in Iran. If you walk through the streets of any major Iranian city, you will inevitably encounter it in three primary locations: educational institutions, technology marketplaces, and corporate offices. In universities, especially within the 'Daneshkade-ye Mohandesi' (Faculty of Engineering), students and professors use this word constantly to describe their curriculum and research. It is not just a word; it is a major of study.

Educational Sphere: Courses like 'Sakhtar-e Sakht-afzar' (Hardware Structure) are core requirements for Computer Science students.

In the commercial world, places like the 'Pasaj-e Reza' in Tehran or the 'Majma-e Kamputer' in Isfahan are the heartlands of hardware. Here, you will hear shopkeepers shouting about the latest 'sakht-afzar-e gaming' (gaming hardware) or 'sakht-afzar-e server'. Customers come in asking for specific hardware upgrades. The word is often seen on large neon signs and printed on the boxes of motherboards and graphics cards. It is the language of commerce in the digital age.

اخبار فناوری امروز بیشتر بر روی نوآوری‌های سخت‌افزاری تمرکز داشت.

Translation: Today's tech news focused mostly on hardware innovations.

Media and broadcasting are another major source. Iranian tech websites like 'Digiato' or 'Zoomit' have dedicated sections titled 'Sakht-afzar' where they review the latest laptops, smartphones, and components. On television, tech segments in the news will use the word to describe national projects, such as the development of indigenous servers or supercomputers. It is a word associated with national progress and modernization.

Corporate IT: In a typical Iranian office, the IT support person is the 'Mas'ool-e Sakht-afzar' (Hardware Responsible/Manager).

بخش سخت‌افزار شرکت در طبقه دوم قرار دارد.

Lastly, you will hear it in the context of government and infrastructure. When the Iranian government discusses the 'National Information Network,' they often talk about the 'sakht-afzar-e shabake' (network hardware). This gives the word a more serious, large-scale connotation. Whether it is a small microchip or a massive data center, the word remains the same, proving its versatility and importance in the modern Persian lexicon.

بدون سخت‌افزار مناسب، هیچ نرم‌افزاری اجرا نمی‌شود.

While سخت‌افزار is a straightforward technical term, learners and even native speakers occasionally stumble on its usage. The most common mistake is confusing it with its counterpart, narm-afzar (software). Because they sound similar and both end in '-afzar', beginners often swap them. It is helpful to remember that 'Sakht' means 'Hard'—if you can hit it with a hammer, it's hardware.

Confusion with 'Abzar': Mistake: Using 'abzar' (tool) when you mean 'sakht-afzar'. While hardware is a tool, 'abzar' usually refers to physical manual tools like screwdrivers or hammers, or software tools in a digital context.

Another frequent error involves the pluralization. In English, 'hardware' is usually an uncountable mass noun. You don't say 'hardwares' for different parts. However, in Persian, sakht-afzar-ha is commonly used to refer to various types of hardware components or multiple units. Learners often hesitate to use the plural, but they should embrace it when referring to a collection of different physical items.

غلط: من نیاز به خرید یک نرم‌افزار جدید برای داخل کیس دارم. (وقتی منظور کارت گرافیک است)

Correction: You need 'sakht-afzar' for internal parts like a GPU.

A subtle mistake occurs in the adjectival form. Some learners forget the 'yod' (ی) at the end when describing a problem. Saying 'moshkel-e sakht-afzar' (problem of hardware) is grammatically acceptable but sounds slightly less natural than 'moshkel-e sakht-afzari' (hardware-ish problem). The adjectival form is much more common in technical diagnoses.

Misuse of Verbs: Avoid saying 'sakht-afzar ra download kardam'. You cannot download hardware! You can only download software ('narm-afzar').

درست: سخت‌افزار را نصب کردم. (منظور نصب فیزیکی قطعه است)

Finally, be careful with the word 'ghat'at'. While 'ghat'at' (parts) is often used interchangeably with 'sakht-afzar' in casual conversation, 'sakht-afzar' is more encompassing. 'Ghat'at' refers specifically to the individual components, while 'sakht-afzar' refers to the physical system as a whole. Using 'sakht-afzar' in a formal report is always the safer bet.

اشتباه متداول: استفاده از سخت‌افزار برای اشاره به برنامه‌های کامپیوتری.

To truly master the use of سخت‌افزار, it is helpful to understand the words that surround it in the semantic field of technology. While 'sakht-afzar' is the most accurate term for hardware, several other words are used depending on the level of formality and the specific part being discussed. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more sophisticated and precise.

قطعات (Ghat'at): Meaning 'parts' or 'pieces'. This is the most common casual alternative. If you go to a shop, you might say 'ghat'at-e computer' (computer parts) instead of 'sakht-afzar-e computer'. It feels more specific to the individual items like RAM sticks or hard drives.

Another related term is tajhizat (تجهیزات), which means 'equipment'. This is a broader term than hardware. While all hardware is equipment, not all equipment is hardware. 'Tajhizat' might include the racks, cables, and cooling systems in a server room, whereas 'sakht-afzar' would specifically refer to the computing units themselves.

ما نیاز به تجهیزات جدیدی برای مرکز داده داریم.

Translation: We need new equipment for the data center.

For specific types of hardware, Persian uses terms like bord (board), traisheh (chip), and madar (circuit). 'Traisheh' is a beautiful Persian word for 'chip' or 'microchip' that was also popularized by the Farhangestan. When discussing the inner workings of hardware, these specific terms are preferred over the general 'sakht-afzar'.

دستگاه (Dastgah): Meaning 'device' or 'machine'. This is used for the whole unit. A printer is a 'dastgah', but its internal laser and motors are its 'sakht-afzar'. Use 'dastgah' when referring to the object as a functional whole.

این دستگاه با آخرین استانداردهای سخت‌افزاری ساخته شده است.

In the context of mobile phones, you might hear badaneh (body) to refer to the physical exterior, but the internal electronics are still 'sakht-afzar'. There is also the word abzar (tool), which we mentioned earlier. In programming, 'abzar' refers to utility software, but in construction, it refers to hammers and saws. Never use 'abzar' to mean a motherboard; that is a classic 'false friend' for those thinking of 'hardware stores' in the American sense (which sell hammers, not CPUs).

ماشین‌آلات (Mashin-alat): Meaning 'machinery'. This is used for heavy industrial hardware, like factory robots or engines. It is rarely used for computers.

تفاوت اصلی بین سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار در فیزیکی بودن اولی است.

By knowing these alternatives, you can navigate a conversation about technology with ease. If you are talking to a technician, use 'ghat'at' for specific parts. If you are writing a paper, use 'sakht-afzar'. If you are buying a whole computer, talk about the 'dastgah'. This precision is the hallmark of a fluent speaker.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

This word was specifically standardized by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature to replace the direct use of the English word 'hardware'. It is now one of the most successful technical neologisms in Persian.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /sæxt.æf.zɒːɾ/

US /sæxt.æf.zɑːr/

The primary stress is on the last syllable: 'zar'. A secondary stress is on 'sakht'.

तुकबंदी

بازار (Bazar) ابزار (Abzar) بیدار (Bidar) دیوار (Divar) نیزار (Nizar) بیمار (Bimar) دیدار (Didar) پیکار (Peykar)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing 'sakht' like 'sakt' (missing the 'kh' sound).
Shortening the long 'a' in 'afzar' to a short 'a' like in 'cat'.
Merging the two words without the slight glottal stop between 'sakht' and 'afzar'.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'narm-afzar'.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know 'sakht' and 'afzar'.

लिखना 4/5

The zero-width non-joiner (نیم‌فاصله) between the two parts is important.

बोलना 3/5

The 'kh' sound in 'sakht' can be tricky for some English speakers.

श्रवण 2/5

Very distinct sound, easy to pick up in tech contexts.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

سخت (Hard) نرم (Soft) افزار (Tool) کامپیوتر (Computer) قطعه (Part)

आगे सीखें

نرم‌افزار (Software) سیستم‌عامل (Operating System) پردازنده (Processor) حافظه (Memory) شبکه (Network)

उन्नत

معماری رایانه (Computer Architecture) مدارهای مجتمع (Integrated Circuits) ریزپردازنده (Microprocessor) سیستم‌های نهفته (Embedded Systems) الکترونیک دیجیتال (Digital Electronics)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Compound Noun Formation

سخت + افزار = سخت‌افزار (Noun + Noun)

Adjective Suffix '-i'

سخت‌افزار + ی = سخت‌افزاری (Relational Adjective)

Ezafe Construction for Specs

سخت‌افزارِ قدرتمند (Hardware of powerful -> Powerful hardware)

Pluralization with '-ha'

سخت‌افزارها (Hardwares/Components)

Subjunctive after 'Niyaz dashtan'

نیاز دارم که سخت‌افزار را ببینم. (I need to see the hardware.)

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

این یک سخت‌افزار است.

This is a piece of hardware.

Simple 'Subject + Predicate' structure.

سخت‌افزار کجاست؟

Where is the hardware?

Interrogative sentence.

من سخت‌افزار را دوست دارم.

I like hardware.

Subject + Object + Verb.

این سخت‌افزار بزرگ است.

This hardware is big.

Adjective following the noun.

سخت‌افزار کامپیوتر من خوب است.

My computer's hardware is good.

Use of Ezafe to show possession.

او سخت‌افزار می‌خرد.

He/She buys hardware.

Present continuous/habitual tense.

سخت‌افزار چیست؟

What is hardware?

Basic question form.

این سخت‌افزار ارزان است.

This hardware is cheap.

Descriptive sentence.

من نیاز به سخت‌افزار جدید دارم.

I need new hardware.

Using 'niyaz dashtan' (to need).

آیا شما سخت‌افزار می‌فروشید؟

Do you sell hardware?

Formal 'you' (shoma).

سخت‌افزار این گوشی خیلی قوی است.

This phone's hardware is very strong/powerful.

Compound noun with Ezafe.

او در مورد سخت‌افزار مطالعه می‌کند.

He studies about hardware.

Prepositional phrase 'dar mored-e'.

مشکل کامپیوتر من سخت‌افزاری است.

My computer's problem is hardware-related.

Adjectival form with '-i' suffix.

قیمت سخت‌افزار گران شده است.

The price of hardware has become expensive.

Present perfect tense.

ما باید سخت‌افزار را تعمیر کنیم.

We must repair the hardware.

Modal verb 'bayad' + subjunctive.

این سخت‌افزار با ویندوز کار نمی‌کند.

This hardware does not work with Windows.

Negative verb form.

برای اجرای این بازی، سخت‌افزار شما باید حداقل سیستم مورد نیاز را داشته باشد.

To run this game, your hardware must have the minimum system requirements.

Complex sentence with purpose clause.

بسیاری از شرکت‌ها در حال تولید سخت‌افزار داخلی هستند.

Many companies are producing domestic hardware.

Present progressive tense.

تفاوت بین سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار را توضیح دهید.

Explain the difference between hardware and software.

Imperative form.

او به عنوان کارشناس سخت‌افزار در این اداره کار می‌کند.

He works as a hardware expert in this office.

Title/Role description.

ارتقای سخت‌افزار می‌تواند عمر کامپیوتر شما را افزایش دهد.

Upgrading hardware can increase your computer's life.

Gerund as a subject.

این سخت‌افزار قدیمی دیگر پشتیبانی نمی‌شود.

This old hardware is no longer supported.

Passive voice construction.

آیا سخت‌افزار جدید با قطعات قبلی سازگار است؟

Is the new hardware compatible with previous parts?

Compatibility vocabulary.

فروشگاه‌های سخت‌افزار در این خیابان بسیار زیاد هستند.

There are many hardware stores on this street.

Plural subject and verb agreement.

معماری سخت‌افزار نقش مهمی در سرعت پردازش داده‌ها ایفا می‌کند.

Hardware architecture plays an important role in data processing speed.

Formal academic tone.

بدون هماهنگی میان سخت‌افزار و سیستم‌عامل، کارایی کاهش می‌یابد.

Without coordination between hardware and the operating system, efficiency decreases.

Conditional logic without 'if'.

تولیدکنندگان سخت‌افزار همواره به دنبال کاهش مصرف انرژی هستند.

Hardware manufacturers are always looking to reduce energy consumption.

Compound subject and continuous action.

او پایان‌نامه خود را در زمینه امنیت سخت‌افزار نوشته است.

He wrote his thesis in the field of hardware security.

Academic context.

محدودیت‌های سخت‌افزاری مانع از اجرای برخی الگوریتم‌های پیچیده می‌شود.

Hardware limitations prevent the execution of some complex algorithms.

Abstract subject 'mahdoodiyat-ha'.

بخش سخت‌افزار این شرکت با کمبود بودجه مواجه شده است.

The hardware department of this company is facing a budget shortage.

Idiomatic expression 'ba ... movajeh shodan'.

استانداردهای سخت‌افزاری در سال‌های اخیر تغییرات زیادی کرده‌اند.

Hardware standards have changed a lot in recent years.

Present perfect with time phrase.

در این مقاله، به بررسی تحولات سخت‌افزار در دهه گذشته می‌پردازیم.

In this article, we examine the developments of hardware in the past decade.

Formal introduction style.

یکپارچه‌سازی سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار در سیستم‌های نهفته از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

The integration of hardware and software in embedded systems is of high importance.

Advanced formal construction 'az ... barkhordar ast'.

نوآوری‌های سخت‌افزاری در حوزه هوش مصنوعی، مرزهای محاسبات را جابه‌جا کرده است.

Hardware innovations in the field of AI have shifted the boundaries of computing.

Metaphorical usage in technical context.

تحریم‌ها باعث شده است که متخصصان ایرانی به سمت بومی‌سازی سخت‌افزار حرکت کنند.

Sanctions have caused Iranian specialists to move towards the localization of hardware.

Causative structure with 'ba'es shodan'.

در لایه‌های پایین‌دستی، تعامل مستقیم با سخت‌افزار نیازمند دانش عمیقی از الکترونیک است.

At low levels, direct interaction with hardware requires deep knowledge of electronics.

Specialized terminology 'laye-haye payin-dasti'.

پایداری سخت‌افزار در شرایط محیطی سخت، یکی از چالش‌های مهندسی هوافضا است.

Hardware stability in harsh environmental conditions is one of the challenges of aerospace engineering.

Complex noun phrases.

ارزیابی عملکرد سخت‌افزار (Benchmarking) برای مقایسه قدرت پردازنده‌ها ضروری است.

Hardware performance evaluation (benchmarking) is essential for comparing processor power.

Use of technical loanwords in Persian context.

زیرساخت‌های سخت‌افزاری کشور باید برای ورود به عصر نسل پنجم شبکه تقویت شوند.

The country's hardware infrastructure must be strengthened to enter the 5G era.

Passive voice with 'bayad'.

این سمینار به بررسی جنبه‌های اقتصادی تولید سخت‌افزار در مقیاس انبوه می‌پردازد.

This seminar examines the economic aspects of mass-scale hardware production.

Formal verb 'pardakhtan be'.

ظهور محاسبات کوانتومی، پارادایم‌های سنتی سخت‌افزار را به چالش کشیده و افق‌های نویینی گشوده است.

The emergence of quantum computing has challenged traditional hardware paradigms and opened new horizons.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary and imagery.

در هم‌تنیدگی اجتناب‌ناپذیر سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار، ماهیت دیجیتالی دنیای معاصر را بازتعریف می‌کند.

The inevitable entanglement of hardware and software redefines the digital nature of the contemporary world.

Philosophical and abstract technical language.

سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان در حوزه سخت‌افزار، سنگ‌بنای استقلال تکنولوژیک در قرن بیست و یکم محسوب می‌شود.

Macro-policies in the hardware sector are considered the cornerstone of technological independence in the 21st century.

Political and strategic register.

تحلیل دقیق معماری‌های سخت‌افزاری موازی، کلید دستیابی به سرعت‌های فوق‌محاسباتی است.

Precise analysis of parallel hardware architectures is the key to achieving supercomputing speeds.

Technical precision and complex genitive chains.

انعطاف‌پذیری سخت‌افزار در قالب مدارهای مجتمع دیجیتال برنامه‌پذیر (FPGA)، انقلابی در طراحی سیستم‌ها ایجاد کرده است.

Hardware flexibility in the form of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has revolutionized system design.

Use of highly specific technical acronyms and terms.

تلاقی علوم اعصاب و سخت‌افزار به پیدایش تراشه‌های نورومورفیک انجامیده است که از ساختار مغز الهام می‌گیرند.

The intersection of neuroscience and hardware has led to the emergence of neuromorphic chips inspired by the brain's structure.

Interdisciplinary technical register.

پایداری و تاب‌آوری سخت‌افزار در برابر حملات فیزیکی، از دغدغه‌های اصلی در طراحی سیستم‌های حیاتی است.

Hardware stability and resilience against physical attacks are primary concerns in the design of critical systems.

Abstract nouns 'paydari' and 'tab-avari'.

رویکرد سخت‌افزار-محور در حل مسائل پیچیده ریاضی، گاه به نتایجی بسیار سریع‌تر از روش‌های نرم‌افزاری منجر می‌شود.

A hardware-centric approach to solving complex mathematical problems sometimes leads to results much faster than software methods.

Hyphenated concept 'sakht-afzar-mehvar'.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

ارتقای سخت‌افزار

مشکل سخت‌افزاری

مهندسی سخت‌افزار

تولید سخت‌افزار

سخت‌افزار قدرتمند

سازگاری سخت‌افزاری

فروشگاه سخت‌افزار

نگهداری سخت‌افزار

طراحی سخت‌افزار

سخت‌افزار قدیمی

सामान्य वाक्यांश

سخت‌افزارش نمی‌کشه

— The hardware isn't powerful enough to handle the task (slang).

این بازی سنگینه، سخت‌افزارش نمی‌کشه.

سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار

— The complete system (hardware and software).

باید بین سخت‌افزار و نرم‌افزار هماهنگی باشد.

خرابی سخت‌افزاری

— A hardware failure or breakdown.

دلیل خاموش شدن، خرابی سخت‌افزاری بود.

نصب سخت‌افزار

— Physically installing a component.

نصب سخت‌افزار جدید ده دقیقه طول کشید.

بازار سخت‌افزار

— The hardware market/industry.

بازار سخت‌افزار نوسان زیادی دارد.

مشخصات سخت‌افزاری

— Hardware specifications (specs).

مشخصات سخت‌افزاری این لپ‌تاپ عالی است.

پشتیبانی سخت‌افزاری

— Hardware support or warranty.

این شرکت پشتیبانی سخت‌افزاری خوبی دارد.

تست سخت‌افزار

— Running a diagnostic test on the hardware.

قبل از خرید، تست سخت‌افزار بگیرید.

امنیت سخت‌افزار

— Security measures at the hardware level.

امنیت سخت‌افزار بسیار حیاتی است.

قطعات سخت‌افزاری

— Hardware components.

تمام قطعات سخت‌افزاری را تمیز کردیم.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

سخت‌افزار vs نرم‌افزار

The most common confusion. Remember: Sakht = Hard (Physical), Narm = Soft (Digital).

سخت‌افزار vs ابزار

Abzar is a tool like a hammer. Sakht-afzar is a computer part.

سخت‌افزار vs تجهیزات

Tajhizat is more general (equipment). Sakht-afzar is specifically computing hardware.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"سخت‌افزار مغز"

— Referring to the physical structure of the brain (metaphorical/scientific).

او روی سخت‌افزار مغز تحقیق می‌کند.

Academic

"آدم سخت‌افزاری"

— Someone who is more focused on physical objects/work than abstract concepts (informal).

او بیشتر یک آدم سخت‌افزاری است تا تئوریک.

Informal

"سخت‌افزارِ کار"

— The physical tools or infrastructure needed for a job.

سخت‌افزارِ کارِ ما هنوز آماده نیست.

Colloquial

"بدنه سخت‌افزاری"

— The physical framework of an organization or project.

باید بدنه سخت‌افزاری شرکت را تقویت کنیم.

Formal

"سخت‌افزارِ قدرت"

— The physical manifestations of power (military, money).

او به سخت‌افزارِ قدرت اهمیت می‌دهد.

Political

"زیربنای سخت‌افزاری"

— The physical infrastructure foundation.

این پروژه زیربنای سخت‌افزاری قوی می‌خواهد.

Academic

"جنگ سخت‌افزاری"

— Physical warfare as opposed to cyber/soft war.

دوران جنگ سخت‌افزاری تمام نشده است.

Political

"نگاه سخت‌افزاری"

— A purely materialistic or physical view on a problem.

نگاه سخت‌افزاری به تنهایی کافی نیست.

Philosophical

"سخت‌افزارِ ضعیف"

— Metaphorically, someone who lacks physical stamina or resources.

با این سخت‌افزارِ ضعیف نمی‌توان کوهنوردی کرد.

Slang

"سخت‌افزارِ مدرن"

— Used to describe anything physically up-to-date and high-tech.

آشپزخانه او سخت‌افزارِ مدرنی دارد.

Informal

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

سخت‌افزار vs افزار

It is the root of both hardware and software.

Afzar alone is rarely used; it usually needs a prefix like 'sakht' or 'narm'.

سخت‌افزار قطعه است، اما افزار به تنهایی استفاده نمی‌شود.

سخت‌افزار vs قطعه

Both refer to parts.

Ghat'e is a single piece; Sakht-afzar is the whole physical system.

این قطعه بخشی از سخت‌افزار است.

سخت‌افزار vs ماشین

A computer is a machine.

Mashin usually refers to a car or a large industrial machine in Persian.

ماشین من در پارکینگ است، اما سخت‌افزارم روی میز.

سخت‌افزار vs برد

Both relate to electronics.

Bord is specifically a circuit board, a type of hardware.

مادربورد یک نوع سخت‌افزار است.

سخت‌افزار vs تراشه

Both relate to computers.

Tarisheh is specifically a microchip.

این تراشه مغز سخت‌افزار است.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

این [اسم] است.

این سخت‌افزار است.

من [اسم] می‌خواهم.

من سخت‌افزار جدید می‌خواهم.

[اسم] به [اسم] نیاز دارد.

این برنامه به سخت‌افزار قوی نیاز دارد.

با توجه به [اسم]، [جمله].

با توجه به سخت‌افزار، سرعت خوب است.

[اسم] از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

امنیت سخت‌افزار از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

[اسم] پارادایم‌های [صفت] را به چالش کشیده است.

این سخت‌افزار پارادایم‌های قدیمی را به چالش کشیده است.

آیا [اسم] با [اسم] سازگار است؟

آیا سخت‌افزار با نرم‌افزار سازگار است؟

[اسم] من خراب است.

سخت‌افزار من خراب است.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

سخت‌افزار (Hardware)

سختی (Hardness)

افزار (Tool/Apparatus)

ابزار (Tool)

نرم‌افزار (Software)

میان‌افزار (Firmware)

क्रिया

سخت کردن (To make hard)

سخت شدن (To become hard)

विशेषण

سخت‌افزاری (Hardware-related)

سخت (Hard)

افزاری (Tool-related)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Extremely high in technology and education domains.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using 'Sakht-afzar' for a hammer. → Use 'Abzar'.
Sakht-afzar is only for electronic/computer hardware. Manual tools are Abzar.
Confusing it with 'Narm-afzar'. → Learn the difference: Hard vs. Soft.
Software (Narm-afzar) is code; Hardware (Sakht-afzar) is metal and plastic.
Saying 'moshkel-e sakht-afzar'. → Say 'moshkel-e sakht-afzari'.
The adjectival form is much more natural when describing a problem.
Writing it as 'Sakhtafzar' without a space. → Use a half-space: 'سخت‌افزار'.
It's a compound word that requires visual separation in standard Persian orthography.
Saying 'download sakht-afzar'. → You can't download physical objects.
You download 'narm-afzar' or 'data'. Hardware must be purchased or installed.

सुझाव

The Hammer Test

If you can hit it with a hammer, it's 'Sakht' (Hard). That's your Sakht-afzar. If you can't, it's Narm-afzar.

Use the Half-Space

Always use the ZWNJ (Shift+Space on many Persian keyboards) between 'Sakht' and 'Afzar' for correct spelling.

Pair with Narm-afzar

Learn these two together. They are the Yin and Yang of the Persian tech world.

Emphasize the 'Zar'

The stress is at the end. Saying it correctly makes you sound much more like a native speaker.

Professionalism

Use 'Sakht-afzar' in job interviews to sound more technically proficient than just saying 'parts'.

Adjectival Suffix

Don't forget the 'i' in 'sakht-afzari' when describing a type of problem or specialty.

Tehran Tech Hubs

If you are in Tehran, visit 'Valiasr Street' to see the word 'Sakht-afzar' on every other building.

News Keywords

When you hear 'Sakht-afzar' on the news, it usually means something related to national infrastructure or new gadgets.

Gaming Context

Gamers in Iran use this word constantly. Join a Persian gaming forum to see it in action.

Root Recognition

Recognizing 'Afzar' helps you learn other words like 'Abzar' (tool) or 'Badafzar' (malware) much faster.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'S' in Sakht for 'Solid'. Hardware is Solid. Think of 'Afzar' as 'Apparatus'. Sakht-afzar = Solid Apparatus.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a computer case made of hard stone (Sakht) and inside are various tools (Afzar).

Word Web

CPU RAM Monitor Keyboard Motherboard GPU Hard Drive Power Supply

चैलेंज

Try to list five items on your desk that are considered 'sakht-afzar' and say them out loud in Persian.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Modern Persian compound created in the mid-20th century. It consists of 'Sakht' (Old Persian 'staxra-') and 'Afzar' (Middle Persian 'abzār').

मूल अर्थ: Hard tool / Solid instrument.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

No specific sensitivities, but avoid confusing industrial machinery with computer hardware in professional settings.

Unlike English where 'hardware' can also mean 'hardware store' (tools), in Persian, it is strictly technical.

Majale-ye Sakht-afzar (A famous Iranian tech magazine). Sakht-afzar.com (A leading tech news portal). University of Tehran's Hardware Engineering department.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Computer Repair Shop

مشکل سخت‌افزاری دارد؟
این قطعه را تعویض کنید.
هزینه تعمیر چقدر است؟
آیا گارانتی دارد؟

University IT Lab

درس معماری سخت‌افزار
آزمایشگاه سخت‌افزار کجاست؟
پروژه طراحی سخت‌افزار
کتاب مرجع سخت‌افزار

Tech News Website

آخرین اخبار سخت‌افزار
نقد و بررسی قطعات
مقایسه سخت‌افزاری
پیشرفت‌های جدید

Buying a Laptop

مشخصات سخت‌افزاری چیست؟
رم این دستگاه چقدر است؟
گرافیکش برای بازی خوب است؟
سخت‌افزارش قابل ارتقا است؟

Corporate Office

درخواست سخت‌افزار جدید
خرابی مانیتور
بخش پشتیبانی فنی
لیست اموال سخت‌افزاری

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"به نظر شما سخت‌افزار مهم‌تر است یا نرم‌افزار؟ (Which do you think is more important, hardware or software?)"

"آخرین باری که سخت‌افزار کامپیوترتان را ارتقا دادید کی بود؟ (When was the last time you upgraded your computer's hardware?)"

"کدام برند سخت‌افزار را بیشتر ترجیح می‌دهید؟ (Which hardware brand do you prefer more?)"

"آیا تا به حال سعی کرده‌اید خودتان سخت‌افزار را تعمیر کنید؟ (Have you ever tried to repair hardware yourself?)"

"فکر می‌کنید آینده سخت‌افزار به کدام سمت می‌رود؟ (Where do you think the future of hardware is heading?)"

डायरी विषय

توصیف کنید که چگونه یک سخت‌افزار قدرتمند می‌تواند زندگی کاری شما را تغییر دهد. (Describe how powerful hardware can change your work life.)

خاطره اولین باری که با یک قطعه سخت‌افزاری پیچیده آشنا شدید را بنویسید. (Write about the first time you encountered a complex piece of hardware.)

اگر می‌توانستید یک سخت‌افزار جدید اختراع کنید، چه چیزی می‌ساختید؟ (If you could invent a new piece of hardware, what would you build?)

چرا یادگیری در مورد سخت‌افزار برای دانش‌جویان امروز ضروری است؟ (Why is learning about hardware essential for today's students?)

تفاوت‌های فرهنگی در استفاده از سخت‌افزار در کشورهای مختلف را بنویسید. (Write about cultural differences in hardware usage in different countries.)

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Yes, it is used for any electronic system, including smartphones, tablets, and even smart appliances. For example, you can talk about the 'sakht-afzar' of an iPhone. It is a very versatile word in the tech world.

No, for a screwdriver, you should use 'pich-goshti' or the general term 'abzar'. 'Sakht-afzar' is reserved for electronic and computer hardware. Using it for manual tools would sound very strange to a native speaker.

If you mean a store for computer parts, say 'foroushgāh-e sakht-afzār'. If you mean a store for construction tools (hammers, nails), say 'abzār-foroushi'. This is a key distinction to remember.

The direct opposite is 'Narm-afzar' (نرم‌افزار), which means software. These two words are almost always taught together as they represent the two halves of a computer system.

In modern Persian writing, it is written with a half-space (ZWNJ): سخت‌افزار. This keeps the two parts together as one word while maintaining the correct visual separation. Writing it as two separate words is less professional.

Yes, 'sakht-afzar-ha' is commonly used when referring to different types of hardware or multiple pieces of equipment. For example: 'Sakht-afzar-ha-ye jadid residand' (The new hardwares/parts have arrived).

Yes, it is the formal and technical term. While people might say 'ghat'at' (parts) in casual conversation, 'sakht-afzar' is used in all official, academic, and professional contexts.

Yes, if you are describing it or showing possession. For example, 'sakht-afzar-e ghavi' (powerful hardware) or 'sakht-afzar-e computer' (computer's hardware). The 'e' sound links the words.

It is the adjectival form, meaning 'hardware-related'. It is used in phrases like 'moshkel-e sakht-afzari' (hardware problem) or 'mohandesi-ye sakht-afzari' (hardware engineering).

Relative to the history of the Persian language, yes. It was coined in the 20th century to match the English term 'hardware' as technology began to spread in Iran.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें