smutný 30 सेकंड में
- Smutný means sad.
- It's an adjective describing unhappiness.
- Remember to change its ending based on gender and number.
- Commonly used for personal feelings and situations.
The Czech adjective smutný (pronounced roughly 'smoot-nee') directly translates to 'sad' in English. It's a fundamental word used to describe a state of unhappiness, sorrow, or low spirits. You'll encounter it frequently in everyday conversations, literature, and media. It's versatile and can be applied to people, animals, situations, or even abstract concepts. For instance, someone might feel smutný after a disappointment, a pet could look smutný, or a movie might have a smutný ending. It's important to note that 'smutný' conveys a feeling of sadness, which can range from mild disappointment to deeper grief, depending on the context. It's a core emotion, and understanding this word is crucial for expressing and comprehending feelings in Czech. Think of it as the direct counterpart to the English 'sad'. It's not typically used for something that is merely 'boring' or 'uninteresting'; it specifically relates to an emotional state of unhappiness. Learning 'smutný' opens the door to understanding a wide range of emotional expressions in the Czech language.
- Core Meaning
- Unhappy, sorrowful, downcast.
- Usage Contexts
- Describing personal feelings, the mood of a situation, the appearance of a person or animal, or the tone of a piece of art or music.
- Grammatical Forms
- As an adjective, it changes its ending based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes (e.g., smutný muž - sad man, smutná žena - sad woman, smutné dítě - sad child).
Dítě vypadalo velmi smutné.
Dnešní počasí je smutné.
- Emotional Spectrum
- 'Smutný' covers a range of negative emotions, from mild disappointment to profound grief. The intensity is usually conveyed by adverbs like 'velmi' (very) or the context of the situation.
Pes měl smutný pohled.
Using smutný correctly involves understanding its basic grammatical behavior as an adjective and its semantic range. In Czech, adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. For 'smutný', this means you'll see variations like smutný (masculine singular nominative), smutná (feminine singular nominative), smutné (neuter singular nominative, or plural nominative for inanimate masculine/neuter nouns), smutní (masculine animate plural nominative), and other forms in different cases. When describing a person's feeling, it's often used predicatively, meaning it follows a form of the verb 'to be' (být). For example, 'Jsem smutný' means 'I am sad'. If you want to say 'He is sad', you'd say 'On je smutný'. 'She is sad' is 'Ona je smutná', and 'It is sad' (referring to a neuter noun or situation) is 'To je smutné'. When used attributively (directly before the noun), it also needs to agree. 'A sad story' would be 'smutný příběh' (masculine), 'a sad song' is 'smutná píseň' (feminine), and 'a sad event' is 'smutná událost' (feminine). Consider the context: if someone failed an exam, they might feel 'smutný'. If a character in a book dies, the story becomes 'smutný'. Even the weather can be described as 'smutný' if it's gloomy and depressing. Pay attention to the context to gauge the intensity of the sadness being conveyed. Beginners often start with the masculine singular form 'smutný' as a default, but it's crucial to learn the agreement rules as soon as possible. Practice constructing simple sentences like 'Ten film byl smutný' (That film was sad) or 'Mám smutný den' (I'm having a sad day). The word can also be intensified with adverbs like 'velmi' (very), 'trochu' (a little), or 'hodně' (a lot). For example, 'Je mi velmi smutno' (I feel very sad – note the adverbial form 'smutno' used here with 'mi'). Understanding these variations will help you use 'smutný' fluently and accurately in various situations.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + Být (conjugated) + Smutný (agrees with subject).
- Attributive Use
- Smutný + Noun (agrees with noun).
- Common Verbs
- Být (to be), cítit se (to feel), vypadat (to look).
Po ztrátě kamaráda byl velmi smutný.
Její oči vypadaly smutně.
- Adverbial Form
- Note the adverbial form 'smutno' used with impersonal constructions like 'Je mi smutno' (I feel sad) or 'Bylo mi smutno' (I felt sad).
To je smutná zpráva.
You will hear the word smutný in a multitude of everyday Czech scenarios. Imagine walking down the street and seeing a child crying; an observer might comment, 'To dítě je smutné' (That child is sad). In a café, if someone is sitting alone looking dejected, you might overhear someone say, 'Vypadá smutně' (He/She looks sad). Media is another common place. News reports about tragedies or difficult situations will likely use 'smutný' to describe the events or the feelings of those affected. For example, 'Byla to smutná událost' (It was a sad event). In films and television shows, characters express sadness, and 'smutný' will be used to describe their emotions or the plot's tone. A melancholic song might be described as 'smutná hudba' (sad music). Even in casual conversations among friends, if one person shares a personal struggle, the other might respond with empathy, saying, 'To mě mrzí, že jsi smutný' (I'm sorry you are sad). Pets are often subjects of 'smutný'; if your dog is whining and looking downcast, you might say, 'Proč jsi tak smutný?' (Why are you so sad?). The word is also used to describe abstract things that evoke sadness, like 'smutný konec' (a sad ending) to a story or a 'smutný osud' (a sad fate). When learning Czech, listening to native speakers in various contexts will help you internalize the nuances of when and how 'smutný' is used. It's a fundamental emotional descriptor, so its presence is widespread, from intimate conversations to public discourse.
- Everyday Observations
- Describing people, animals, or situations that appear unhappy.
- Media and Arts
- Used in news, films, music, and literature to convey sorrowful themes.
- Personal Interactions
- Expressing empathy or describing one's own feelings.
Slyšel jsem smutnou píseň v rádiu.
Starý muž měl smutný výraz ve tváři.
Learners of Czech often make a few common mistakes when using the word smutný. One of the most frequent is forgetting to adjust the adjective's ending to agree with the noun it modifies. Forgetting agreement leads to ungrammatical sentences. For example, saying 'smutný žena' instead of the correct 'smutná žena' (sad woman) is a common error. Another mistake is confusing 'smutný' with words that describe a lack of interest or dullness. While a 'smutný' situation can be dull, 'smutný' specifically implies unhappiness or sorrow, not just boredom. For instance, calling a boring lecture 'smutný' might be understood, but 'nudný' (boring) would be more accurate. Similarly, learners might misuse the adverbial form 'smutno'. While 'Je mi smutno' is correct for 'I feel sad', using 'smutný' in that context, like 'Já jsem smutno', is incorrect. The adverbial form is typically used with the dative pronoun 'mi' (to me) or 'mu' (to him), etc., and often with the verb 'být' (to be) or 'dělat' (to make). Another pitfall is overusing 'smutný' for very minor disappointments. While it can mean mildly unhappy, Czech has other words for slightly downcast moods. Lastly, beginners might incorrectly use the masculine form 'smutný' for all situations, neglecting the feminine ('smutná') and neuter ('smutné') forms, which are essential for correct grammar. Always double-check the gender of the noun you are describing and adjust the adjective accordingly.
- Adjective Agreement
- Forgetting to change the ending of 'smutný' to match the gender and number of the noun (e.g., smutný dům instead of smutné dům).
- Confusing with 'Boring'
- Using 'smutný' when 'nudný' (boring) is more appropriate.
- Misusing Adverbial Form
- Incorrectly using 'smutný' where 'smutno' is required in impersonal expressions (e.g., 'Já jsem smutno').
*Nesprávně:* Ta kniha byla smutný.
While smutný is the primary word for 'sad', Czech offers other words that convey similar or related emotions, or are used in specific contexts. The most direct synonym and often interchangeable is žalostný. However, žalostný can sometimes imply a deeper, more profound sorrow or lamentation, bordering on grief or distress. For instance, a 'žalostný křik' (a lamenting cry) suggests more intense suffering than a 'smutný pohled' (a sad look). Another related term is teskný, which describes a melancholic, wistful, or mournful feeling, often associated with longing or nostalgia. A 'teskná vzpomínka' (a mournful memory) carries a different emotional weight than a simply 'smutná vzpomínka'. For a more intense feeling of grief or mourning, one might use zarmoucený, which means deeply grieved or heartbroken. This is usually reserved for significant losses. On the other end of the spectrum, for milder feelings of unhappiness or being down, you might hear rozmrzelý (grumpy, annoyed) or skleslý (dejected, dispirited). These are less about sorrow and more about a general low mood. It's also important to distinguish 'smutný' from words describing negative but non-emotional states. For example, nudný means 'boring', and nezajímavý means 'uninteresting'. A situation can be both 'smutný' and 'nudný', but they describe different qualities. When describing a situation that causes sadness, one might use tragický (tragic) or nešťastný (unfortunate, unhappy). 'Nešťastný' is broader and can mean unlucky or ill-fated, but it often implies a resulting sadness. Understanding these distinctions allows for more precise emotional expression in Czech.
- Smutný
- General term for sad, unhappy.
- Žalostný
- More intense sorrow, lamenting, distressed.
- Teskný
- Melancholic, wistful, mournful, often with longing.
- Zarmoucený
- Deeply grieved, heartbroken.
- Nudný
- Boring (not an emotion).
Jeho pohled byl smutný, ale její byl žalostný.
How Formal Is It?
रोचक तथ्य
The Proto-Slavic root '*smutъ' is thought to be related to the Proto-Germanic word '*mōþaz', meaning 'mood' or 'spirit', suggesting an ancient connection between emotional states and their expression. This shared ancestry highlights how fundamental emotions like sadness are across different language families.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Pronouncing the 'u' as a long 'oo' (like in 'moon') instead of a short 'u' (like in 'put').
- Pronouncing the 'ý' as a short 'i' sound instead of a long 'ee' sound.
- Incorrect stress placement, for example, stressing the second syllable.
- Adding an extra 'uh' sound at the end.
- Not fully articulating the final 'ý' sound.
कठिनाई स्तर
At A1/A2, recognizing 'smutný' and understanding its basic meaning is straightforward. The main challenge is grasping the adjective agreement. As texts become more complex (B1+), understanding nuances, collocations, and related words becomes more important for comprehension.
For beginners (A1/A2), correctly using the basic forms and simple agreement is key. The challenge increases with case endings and different genders/numbers. Achieving fluency requires consistent practice with adjective declension.
Pronunciation is relatively easy. The main hurdle is applying the correct adjective endings in spoken sentences, especially under pressure. Using the adverbial 'smutno' correctly also requires practice.
Recognizing the word 'smutný' and its common variations is generally easy due to its frequent use and clear pronunciation.
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
Adjective Agreement (Gender, Number, Case)
Smutný muž (masculine singular), smutná žena (feminine singular), smutné dítě (neuter singular), smutní lidé (masculine animate plural).
Use of Impersonal Constructions with Adverbial Forms
Je mi smutno. (I feel sad.) Bylo mi smutno, když odjel. (I felt sad when he left.)
Adverbial Form for Manner
Vypadal smutně. (He looked sad.) Mluvila smutně. (She spoke sadly.)
Comparison of Adjectives (less common for 'smutný', but possible)
Jeho smutek byl přesmutný. (His sadness was exceedingly sad.)
Use with Prepositions (cases)
Byl smutný z jeho chování. (He was sad about his behavior - genitive case implied by 'z')
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
Jsem smutný.
I am sad.
Basic masculine singular form used predicatively with 'být'.
Ona je smutná.
She is sad.
Feminine singular form agreeing with 'ona'.
To je smutné.
That is sad.
Neuter singular form agreeing with 'to'.
Pes je smutný.
The dog is sad.
Masculine singular form agreeing with 'pes'.
Mám smutný den.
I have a sad day.
Masculine singular form used attributively before 'den'.
Dítě vypadalo smutně.
The child looked sadly.
Adverbial form 'smutně' describing how the child looked.
Film byl smutný.
The film was sad.
Masculine singular form agreeing with 'film'.
Je mi smutno.
I feel sad.
Impersonal construction using the adverbial form 'smutno'.
Viděl jsem smutného muže.
I saw a sad man.
Masculine singular accusative form 'smutného' agreeing with 'muže'.
Její odpověď byla smutná.
Her answer was sad.
Feminine singular form 'smutná' agreeing with 'odpověď'.
Ta hudba zní smutně.
That music sounds sad.
Adverbial form 'smutně' describing the sound of the music.
Nemám rád smutné příběhy.
I don't like sad stories.
Masculine plural accusative form 'smutné' agreeing with 'příběhy'.
Cítím se trochu smutný.
I feel a little sad.
Using 'cítit se' with 'smutný'.
Vypadala velmi smutně.
She looked very sad.
Adverbial form 'smutně' used with 'vypadat'.
Dnešní počasí je smutné.
Today's weather is sad.
Neuter singular form 'smutné' agreeing with 'počasí'.
Bylo mi líto, že jsi smutný.
I was sorry that you were sad.
Use of 'smutný' in a subordinate clause.
Ztratil jsem klíče a byl jsem z toho velmi smutný.
I lost my keys and was very sad about it.
Using 'smutný' to describe the emotional consequence of an event.
Ta zpráva byla tak smutná, že jsem nemohl přestat myslet na její rodinu.
That news was so sad that I couldn't stop thinking about her family.
Using 'smutná' in a complex sentence with a subordinate clause.
I přes svůj smutný výraz se snažil být veselý.
Despite his sad expression, he tried to be cheerful.
Using 'smutný' attributively before 'výraz' (expression).
Jeho smutný osud inspiroval mnoho umělců.
His sad fate inspired many artists.
Using 'smutný' with abstract nouns like 'osud' (fate).
Cítím se trochu sklesle, ale ne úplně smutně.
I feel a bit dejected, but not completely sad.
Distinguishing between 'sklesle' (dejected) and 'smutně' (sadly).
Když jsem odcházel, viděl jsem na nádraží mnoho smutných tváří.
When I was leaving, I saw many sad faces at the train station.
Masculine plural animate form 'smutných' agreeing with 'tváří' (faces, masculine animate plural).
Bylo mi moc smutno, když jsem slyšel o jeho nemoci.
I was very sad when I heard about his illness.
Impersonal construction with 'smutno' and a subordinate clause.
Ta veselá hudba kontrastovala s jejím smutným náladou.
The cheerful music contrasted with her sad mood.
Feminine singular form 'smutnou' (instrumental case) agreeing with 'náladou'.
Navzdory vnějšímu klidu vyzařoval z jeho očí hluboký, smutný smutek.
Despite his outward calm, a deep, sad sorrow emanated from his eyes.
Using 'smutný' to intensify another related noun ('smutek' - sadness).
Její životní příběh byl plný smutných zvratů, které ji nakonec zlomily.
Her life story was full of sad twists that eventually broke her.
Describing complex life events with 'smutných zvratů'.
Pochmurné počasí jen podtrhovalo jeho momentálně smutné rozpoložení.
The gloomy weather only emphasized his currently sad state of mind.
Using 'smutné rozpoložení' (sad state of mind).
Umělec se snažil zachytit tu univerzální lidskou smutnou zkušenost ve svém díle.
The artist tried to capture that universal human sad experience in his work.
Using 'smutnou zkušenost' (sad experience).
Opuštěné hračky na hřišti dodávaly místu poněkud smutný nádech.
The abandoned toys in the playground gave the place a somewhat sad touch.
Describing atmosphere with 'smutný nádech' (sad touch/atmosphere).
Jeho úsměv byl falešný, skrýval hluboce smutné srdce.
His smile was fake; it hid a deeply sad heart.
Using 'smutné srdce' (sad heart) metaphorically.
I přes veškerý smutek si pamatovala ty šťastné chvíle.
Despite all the sadness, she remembered the happy moments.
Using 'smutek' (noun) and contrasting it with 'šťastné' (happy).
Když se podíváte na staré fotografie, často v nich najdete ten smutný odlesk minulosti.
When you look at old photographs, you often find in them that sad reflection of the past.
Using 'smutný odlesk' (sad reflection).
V jeho slovech rezonoval jemný, ale zřetelný tón smutné rezignace.
A subtle but distinct tone of sad resignation resonated in his words.
Using 'smutné rezignace' (sad resignation) to describe a nuanced emotional state.
Ta melancholie nebyla jen prostá smutná nálada, ale hluboká existenciální tíha.
That melancholy was not just a simple sad mood, but a deep existential weight.
Distinguishing between 'smutná nálada' (sad mood) and deeper existential feelings.
Umělecké dílo vyvolávalo pocity nostalgické smutné krásy, která byla zároveň přitažlivá i znepokojující.
The artwork evoked feelings of a nostalgic sad beauty that was both appealing and disturbing.
Using 'smutné krásy' (sad beauty) in a complex descriptive phrase.
Autor mistrně vykreslil psychologii postav, jejichž vnitřní svět byl protkán nitkami smutného pochopení.
The author masterfully depicted the psychology of the characters, whose inner world was interwoven with threads of sad understanding.
Using 'smutného pochopení' (sad understanding) to describe a character's mindset.
V kontextu doby působily jeho optimistické vize téměř smutně naivně.
In the context of the times, his optimistic visions seemed almost sadly naive.
Using 'smutně naivně' (sadly naive) as an adverbial description.
Opuštěná krajina odrážela smutný stav duše obyvatel.
The abandoned landscape reflected the sad state of the inhabitants' souls.
Connecting external environment to internal emotional state with 'smutný stav duše'.
Její projev byl plný smutných implikací, které však záměrně nechávala nevyřčené.
Her speech was full of sad implications, which, however, she deliberately left unsaid.
Using 'smutných implikací' (sad implications).
Ten starý dům, kdysi plný života, nyní vyzařoval atmosféru smutné opuštěnosti.
That old house, once full of life, now exuded an atmosphere of sad abandonment.
Using 'smutné opuštěnosti' (sad abandonment) to describe atmosphere.
Jeho projev byl prodchnut subtilní, téměř nepostřehnutelnou patinou smutné ironie.
His speech was imbued with a subtle, almost imperceptible patina of sad irony.
Using 'smutné ironie' (sad irony) to describe a complex emotional nuance.
Ta kniha zkoumá temné aspekty lidské psychiky, kde se radost prolíná s neodbytnou, smutnou melancholií.
The book explores the dark aspects of the human psyche, where joy intertwines with an insistent, sad melancholy.
Using 'smutnou melancholií' (sad melancholy) to describe a deep psychological state.
V jeho poezii se často objevuje motiv smutného vykoupení, kde bolest vede k jistému druhu osvobození.
In his poetry, the motif of sad redemption often appears, where pain leads to a certain kind of liberation.
Using 'smutného vykoupení' (sad redemption) to describe a philosophical or thematic concept.
Ten film nebyl jen smutný; byl to hluboce existenciální obraz lidského údělu.
That film wasn't just sad; it was a deeply existential portrayal of the human condition.
Elevating 'smutný' to describe a profound commentary on existence.
Její tichý smutek byl mnohem tíživější než jakýkoli hlasitý projev žalu.
Her quiet sadness was much more oppressive than any loud display of grief.
Using 'tichý smutek' (quiet sadness) to denote a profound, internalized sorrow.
Umělecká kritika často poukazuje na ten specifický druh smutné krásy, který je pro daného autora typický.
Art criticism often points to that specific kind of sad beauty that is typical for the author in question.
Analyzing 'smutné krásy' (sad beauty) within an artistic context.
V jeho memoárech se prolíná nostalgie s hořkosladkým, smutným pochopením minulosti.
In his memoirs, nostalgia intertwines with a bittersweet, sad understanding of the past.
Using 'smutným pochopením' (sad understanding) to describe a complex relationship with the past.
Ten konec nebyl jen tragický, byl to obraz naprosté, smutné beznaděje.
That ending wasn't just tragic; it was an image of complete, sad hopelessness.
Using 'smutné beznaděje' (sad hopelessness) to convey extreme despair.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
— Sad weather (gloomy, depressing).
Dnes je venku smutné počasí, ideální na čtení knihy.
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
'Nudný' means boring. While a 'smutný' situation might also be boring, 'smutný' specifically relates to unhappiness or sorrow, whereas 'nudný' relates to a lack of interest or excitement.
'Žalostný' is a close synonym but often implies a more intense, profound, or lamenting sadness than the general 'smutný'.
While related, 'smutno' is the adverbial form used impersonally (e.g., 'Je mi smutno') or to describe manner ('Vypadal smutně'), whereas 'smutný' is the adjective that agrees with a noun.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
— To have sadness in one's soul; to feel deeply sad.
Po té události měl dlouho smutek na duši.
Common, slightly poetic— Extreme sadness; very deep sorrow.
Když mu zemřela babička, měl smutek jako v černých hodinkách.
Figurative, somewhat dated— Very sad, especially in a forlorn or desolate way.
Po odchodu dětí z domova byla matka smutná jako vdova.
Common, figurative— A feeling of melancholy or sadness stemming from the vastness and indifference of the world.
Někdy cítím smutek z velkého světa, když si uvědomím, jak jsme malí.
Poetic, philosophical— Profound sadness, very deep sorrow.
Jeho ztráta byla tak velká, že jeho smutek byl hluboký jako studna.
Figurative, descriptive— A heavy, oppressive sadness.
Po té zprávě mu na duši ležel kámen smutku.
Figurative, common— Sadness that is persistent and hard to shake off.
Ten smutek se ho drží jako klíště už několik měsíců.
Figurative, common— Extremely sad, like being in a grave (i.e., feeling dead inside or utterly dejected).
Po tom neúspěchu byl smutný jako v hrobě.
Figurative, strong— A transient or mild sadness, like the lingering gloom after rain.
Cítil jen lehký smutek jako po dešti, který rychle přešel.
Figurative, descriptive— Sadness has settled within him; he has become habitually sad.
Po jeho odchodu se v ní smutek usadil a nechtěl odejít.
Figurative, commonआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both describe negative states, and a sad situation can sometimes be boring.
'Smutný' refers to an emotional state of unhappiness or sorrow. 'Nudný' refers to a lack of interest or excitement, something that is dull or tedious. You can be sad without being bored, and bored without being sad.
Ten film byl velmi smutný, ale nebyl nudný. (That film was very sad, but it wasn't boring.) Ta přednáška byla nudná, ale nebyla smutná. (That lecture was boring, but it wasn't sad.)
Both mean sad, and 'žalostný' is a direct intensifier of 'smutný'.
'Smutný' is the general term for sad. 'Žalostný' implies a deeper, more profound sorrow, often with a sense of lamentation or distress. It's a stronger emotion than 'smutný'.
Dítě mělo smutný pohled. (The child had a sad look.) Dítě vydalo žalostný křik. (The child let out a sorrowful/lamenting cry.)
Both describe a low emotional state.
'Smutný' is about sadness or sorrow. 'Skleslý' means dejected, dispirited, or downcast, often due to disappointment or discouragement. It's more about a lack of energy and enthusiasm than deep sadness.
Po neúspěchu byl smutný a skleslý. (After the failure, he was sad and dejected.)
Both relate to feelings of sadness and melancholy.
'Smutný' is general sadness. 'Teskný' specifically refers to a melancholic, wistful, or mournful feeling, often associated with longing, nostalgia, or a sense of loss for something past or unattainable.
Vzpomínal na domov s tesknou náladou. (He remembered home with a melancholic mood.) Ta zpráva byla smutná. (That news was sad.)
Both can imply unhappiness.
'Smutný' directly means sad. 'Nešťastný' means unfortunate, unhappy, or unlucky. It often describes a state resulting from misfortune or bad luck, which may or may not involve deep sadness. It can also mean simply 'not happy'.
To byla nešťastná nehoda. (That was an unfortunate accident.) Pocítil smutek z toho, co se stalo. (He felt sadness from what happened.)
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
Jsem smutný/smutná.
Jsem smutný. / Jsem smutná.
To je smutné.
To je smutné, že prší.
Vypadá smutně.
Ten kluk vypadá smutně.
Mám smutný den.
Dnes mám smutný den.
Je mi smutno.
Je mi smutno, když jsem sám.
Smutný + Noun (Nominative)
Viděl jsem smutný film.
Smutný + Noun (Accusative)
Nemám rád smutné zprávy.
Smutný + Noun (Genitive)
Byla to vzpomínka na smutné časy.
शब्द परिवार
संज्ञा
क्रिया
विशेषण
संबंधित
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Very high
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Using 'smutný' for 'boring'.
→
Nudný
'Smutný' means sad (unhappy). 'Nudný' means boring (lacking interest). They describe different states. For example, 'This lecture is boring' is 'Tato přednáška je nudná', not 'smutná'.
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Forgetting adjective agreement (e.g., 'smutný žena').
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Smutná žena
The adjective 'smutný' must agree in gender and number with the noun. 'Žena' (woman) is feminine singular, so the adjective becomes 'smutná'.
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Using 'smutný' instead of 'smutno' in impersonal expressions.
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Je mi smutno.
When expressing 'I feel sad' impersonally, use the adverbial form 'smutno' with the dative pronoun 'mi'. 'Je mi smutno' is correct. 'Jsem smutno' is incorrect.
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Using the masculine form 'smutný' for all cases.
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Smutná (feminine), Smutné (neuter/plural)
It's crucial to learn and apply the correct endings for feminine ('smutná'), neuter ('smutné'), and plural forms ('smutní', 'smutné', etc.) based on the noun being modified.
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Confusing 'smutný' with 'žalostný' in terms of intensity.
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Use 'žalostný' for deeper, more profound sorrow.
'Smutný' is general sadness. 'Žalostný' implies a more intense, lamenting sorrow or distress. Using 'smutný' for a situation that warrants 'žalostný' might understate the emotion.
सुझाव
Master Adjective Agreement
The most crucial aspect of using 'smutný' correctly is understanding adjective agreement. Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun you are describing and adjust the ending of 'smutný' accordingly. Practice with examples like 'smutný den' (masculine), 'smutná píseň' (feminine), and 'smutné dítě' (neuter).
Distinguish from 'Nudný'
Remember that 'smutný' means sad, while 'nudný' means boring. While a situation can be both, these words describe different qualities. Don't use 'smutný' to describe something that is merely uninteresting.
Use 'Je mi smutno'
For expressing personal feelings of sadness, the impersonal construction 'Je mi smutno' is very common and natural. It's often preferred over 'Jsem smutný/smutná' in certain contexts for a more idiomatic feel.
Focus on the 'ý'
Pay attention to the long 'ee' sound at the end of 'smutný'. It's a key feature of the word and distinguishes it from similar-sounding words. Practice saying it clearly: SMU-tny.
Recognize Nuances
While 'smutný' is general, listen for how Czech speakers use related words like 'žalostný' (sorrowful) or 'teskný' (melancholic) to convey different intensities or types of sadness.
Visual Association
Create a mental image: a grey, rainy sky with a single wilting flower. This visual can help you link the word 'smutný' to the feeling of gloominess and sadness.
Practice Adverbial Forms
Get comfortable with the adverbial forms 'smutně' (sadly, used with verbs like 'vypadat') and 'smutno' (used impersonally, like 'Je mi smutno'). These are essential for expressing sadness naturally.
Understand Cultural Context
Sadness is a universal emotion. In Czech culture, 'smutný' is used openly in conversations, media, and arts, reflecting its importance in human experience. Don't hesitate to use it when appropriate.
Learn Antonyms
Knowing the opposites of 'smutný' ('veselý', 'šťastný') will solidify your understanding and help you express a wider range of emotions.
Use in Sentences
The best way to learn is by doing. Try to create your own sentences using 'smutný' in different contexts and grammatical forms. Write them down or say them aloud.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Imagine a 'smiley' face that is upside down, looking 'smutný'. The 'sm' sound can remind you of 'smiley', and the upside-down aspect signifies sadness.
दृश्य संबंध
Picture a grey, rainy day with a single, wilted flower. The grey sky and the wilting flower evoke a feeling of sadness, linking visually to 'smutný'.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Try to describe three different things you saw today that were 'smutný' (or you felt were 'smutný') using the word in a full Czech sentence. For example, 'Viděl jsem smutnou kočku.' (I saw a sad cat.)
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
The Czech word 'smutný' originates from the Proto-Slavic root '*smutъ', which also gave rise to similar words in other Slavic languages. This root is related to concepts of sorrow, grief, and distress. It is part of a larger Indo-European word family that deals with feelings of sadness and mourning.
मूल अर्थ: The original meaning was likely 'sorrowful' or 'grieved'.
Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > West Slavic > Czechसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
The word 'smutný' itself is not offensive. However, like any word describing negative emotions, it should be used with empathy and awareness of the situation. Using it lightly for trivial matters might be seen as dismissive of deeper sadness. Conversely, acknowledging someone's 'smutný' state with kindness is always appropriate.
In English-speaking cultures, 'sad' is also a very common and fundamental emotion. The usage and intensity can vary, but the core meaning is the same. We use it for personal feelings, describing events, and commenting on art.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
Personal feelings
- Je mi smutno.
- Cítím se smutný/smutná.
- Mám smutný den.
Describing people/animals
- Vypadá smutně.
- Má smutné oči.
- Ten pes je smutný.
Describing events/situations
- To je smutné.
- Byla to smutná událost.
- Smutný konec příběhu.
Describing media/art
- Smutná hudba.
- Ten film byl smutný.
- Smutná zpráva.
Describing weather/atmosphere
- Smutné počasí.
- Místo působilo smutně.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"Jak se dnes cítíš? Jsi smutný?"
"Viděl jsi ten nový film? Byl hodně smutný?"
"Co si myslíš o tom smutném počasí venku?"
"Proč má ten pes tak smutný pohled?"
"Máš nějaké smutné vzpomínky, o kterých bys chtěl/a mluvit?"
डायरी विषय
Popiš den, kdy ses cítil/a opravdu smutný/smutná. Co se stalo a jak ses s tím vyrovnal/a?
Napiš krátký příběh o postavě, která zažívá smutek. Jak se tento smutek projevuje?
Zamysli se nad tím, zda existuje 'dobrý' smutek. Může nás smutek něčemu naučit?
Jaké písně nebo filmy tě rozesmutní? Proč mají na tebe takový vliv?
Jak bys popsal/a rozdíl mezi 'smutný' a 'žalostný' na základě vlastních pocitů?
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालThe most basic meaning of 'smutný' is 'sad'. It's the primary adjective used in Czech to express the emotion of unhappiness or sorrow.
'Smutný' is an adjective, so it changes its ending to agree with the noun it describes in terms of gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case. Common forms include 'smutný' (masculine singular), 'smutná' (feminine singular), and 'smutné' (neuter singular or plural for inanimate nouns).
Yes, 'smutný' can be used metaphorically or descriptively for inanimate objects or situations to convey a sense of gloominess, desolation, or unhappiness. For example, 'smutné počasí' (sad weather) or 'smutný dům' (a sad house, implying it looks neglected or desolate).
'Smutný' is the general word for sad. 'Žalostný' implies a deeper, more intense sorrow, often bordering on lamentation or distress. Think of 'smutný' as sad and 'žalostný' as woeful or deeply sorrowful.
The most common way is 'Je mi smutno'. You can also say 'Cítím se smutný' (if you are male) or 'Cítím se smutná' (if you are female).
Not directly. 'Smutný' means sad. For 'boring', you would use the word 'nudný'. While a sad situation might also be boring, the words describe different qualities.
The most common opposites are 'veselý' (cheerful, merry) and 'šťastný' (happy, fortunate). 'Radostný' (joyful) is also a good antonym.
'Smutný' covers a range of sadness, from mild unhappiness to deeper sorrow. The intensity is often conveyed by context or adverbs like 'velmi' (very). For extreme sadness, words like 'zarmoucený' (grieved) might be used.
It's pronounced roughly 'SMU-tny'. The 'u' is short like in 'put', and the 'ý' is a long 'ee' sound like in 'see'. The stress is on the first syllable.
The noun form is 'smutek', which means sadness, sorrow, or grief.
खुद को परखो 10 सवाल
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Smutný is the Czech word for 'sad'. It's a fundamental adjective used to express unhappiness and sorrow. Remember that its form changes to agree with the noun it describes (e.g., smutný muž, smutná žena, smutné dítě). It can be used for people, animals, events, or even the weather.
- Smutný means sad.
- It's an adjective describing unhappiness.
- Remember to change its ending based on gender and number.
- Commonly used for personal feelings and situations.
Master Adjective Agreement
The most crucial aspect of using 'smutný' correctly is understanding adjective agreement. Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun you are describing and adjust the ending of 'smutný' accordingly. Practice with examples like 'smutný den' (masculine), 'smutná píseň' (feminine), and 'smutné dítě' (neuter).
Distinguish from 'Nudný'
Remember that 'smutný' means sad, while 'nudný' means boring. While a situation can be both, these words describe different qualities. Don't use 'smutný' to describe something that is merely uninteresting.
Use 'Je mi smutno'
For expressing personal feelings of sadness, the impersonal construction 'Je mi smutno' is very common and natural. It's often preferred over 'Jsem smutný/smutná' in certain contexts for a more idiomatic feel.
Focus on the 'ý'
Pay attention to the long 'ee' sound at the end of 'smutný'. It's a key feature of the word and distinguishes it from similar-sounding words. Practice saying it clearly: SMU-tny.
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
संबंधित मुहावरे
emotions के और शब्द
bát se
A1To be afraid
chtít
A1To have a desire to possess or do something
klidný
A1Calm or quiet
milovat
A1To feel deep affection for someone
mít rád
A1"Mít rád" का अर्थ है किसी चीज़ या किसी व्यक्ति को पसंद करना। यह स्नेह या सराहना की सकारात्मक भावना व्यक्त करता है। (Mít rád का अर्थ है किसी चीज़ या किसी व्यक्ति को पसंद करना। यह स्नेह या सराहना की सकारात्मक भावना व्यक्त करता है।)
oblíbený
A1पसंदीदा, लोकप्रिय। वह चीज़ जो आपको दूसरों से अधिक पसंद हो। 'यह मेरा पसंदीदा रंग है।'
plakat
A1रोना का अर्थ है आँसू बहाना, आमतौर पर इसलिए क्योंकि आप दुखी या आहत हैं। यह तीव्र भावनाओं की एक प्राकृतिक मानवीय प्रतिक्रिया है। | 'plakat' एक चेक क्रिया है जिसका अर्थ है रोना, आँसू बहाना। इसका उपयोग तब किया जाता है जब कोई व्यक्ति उदासी, दर्द या अन्य तीव्र भावनाओं का अनुभव कर रहा हो जो आँसू लाती हैं।
raději
A1Raději का अर्थ है 'बल्कि' या 'तरजीह देना'। इसका उपयोग किसी चीज़ को दूसरी चीज़ से अधिक पसंद करने के लिए किया जाता है।
smát se
A1To laugh
veselý
A1हंसमुख या खुश। इसका उपयोग अच्छे मूड वाले व्यक्ति या उत्सव के माहौल का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है।
