ابطال کردن
ابطال کردن 30 सेकंड में
- ابطال کردن (ebtāl kardan) is a formal verb meaning to invalidate, nullify, or refute.
- It is used for legal documents, election results, and scientific or philosophical theories.
- It differs from 'laghv kardan', which is for canceling social events or appointments.
- As a compound verb with 'kardan', it is transitive and usually requires the object marker 'rā'.
The Persian verb ابطال کردن (ebtāl kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb used primarily in formal, legal, and academic contexts. At its core, it means to render something void, to invalidate a document, or to logically refute a statement or theory. While the simpler form باطل کردن (bātel kardan) is frequently used in daily life—such as canceling a ticket or a stamp—ابطال کردن carries a weight of officiality and intellectual rigor. It is derived from the Arabic root 'B-T-L', which relates to falsehood or vanity, implying that the thing being 'invalidated' was either incorrect to begin with or has lost its legal standing.
- Legal Context
- In a court of law, a judge might use this verb to declare a contract null and void due to a breach of terms. It signifies the formal termination of a legal power or right.
- Academic Context
- When a scientist provides evidence that a long-standing hypothesis is incorrect, they are performing an 'ebtāl'. It is the act of proving a theory false through logic or empirical data.
- Administrative Context
- This word is often seen in news headlines regarding elections. If votes are found to be fraudulent, the electoral commission will 'ابطال کردن' the results of those specific ballot boxes.
دادگاه به دلیل نقص مدارک، قرارداد را ابطال کرد.
The court invalidated the contract due to a lack of documentation.
دانشمندان توانستند نظریه قدیمی را با آزمایشهای جدید ابطال کنند.
Scientists were able to refute the old theory with new experiments.
Understanding the usage of this word allows a learner to navigate Persian news, legal documents, and philosophical debates. It is a hallmark of the B2 level because it moves beyond the physical 'breaking' or 'canceling' of things and into the realm of abstract validity and institutional authority. When you hear this word on the BBC Persian or Iran International, it is almost always linked to significant shifts in policy, law, or scientific understanding.
Using ابطال کردن correctly requires an understanding of its transitive nature; it always takes a direct object (the thing being invalidated). In Persian grammar, the object is often followed by the post-position marker 'rā' (را). Because it is a compound verb consisting of the noun 'ebtāl' and the auxiliary verb 'kardan', it follows the standard conjugation patterns of 'kardan'.
- Past Tense Construction
- Structure: [Object] + را + ابطال + [Past Stem of kardan]. Example: 'آنها مصوبه را ابطال کردند' (They invalidated the resolution).
- Present Subjunctive (Formal Advice)
- Structure: [Subject] + باید + [Object] + را + ابطال + کند. Example: 'وکیل باید این وصیتنامه را ابطال کند' (The lawyer must invalidate this will).
شورای نگهبان نتایج انتخابات را در آن حوزه ابطال کرد.
The Guardian Council invalidated the election results in that district.
آیا میتوان این مدرک جعلی را به سادگی ابطال کرد؟
Can this forged document be easily invalidated?
In academic writing, you will often see this verb in the passive voice: ابطال شدن (ebtāl shodan). For example, 'این فرضیه توسط شواهد جدید ابطال شد' (This hypothesis was refuted by new evidence). Mastering both the active and passive forms is crucial for B2 learners aiming for professional fluency.
You are unlikely to hear ابطال کردن in a casual conversation at a grocery store. Instead, it is a staple of 'official' Persian. If you are watching the news (Akhbar), reading a newspaper like 'Etela'at', or dealing with Iranian bureaucracy (Edāre-jāt), this word will appear frequently.
- News Media
- Whenever a law is struck down by a supreme court or an international treaty is declared void, reporters use 'ابطال کردن'.
- University Lectures
- In philosophy or science departments, professors discuss 'ebtāl-paziri' (falsifiability), a concept made famous by Karl Popper, referring to the ability of a theory to be proven false.
گوینده خبر: «دیوان عالی کشور حکم قبلی را ابطال کرد.»
News anchor: "The Supreme Court invalidated the previous ruling."
در دفترخانه: «ما باید این وکالتنامه را رسماً ابطال کنیم.»
At the notary office: "We must officially invalidate this power of attorney."
Because Persian has several words for 'canceling' or 'rejecting', English speakers often mix them up. The most common mistake is using ابطال کردن for simple social cancellations.
- Mistake: Social Appointments
- Don't say 'من مهمانی را ابطال کردم' (I invalidated the party). Instead, use 'لغو کردن' (laghv kardan) or 'بهم زدن' (be-ham zadan).
- Mistake: Physical Destruction
- Don't use 'ebtāl' if you just mean you tore up a paper. 'Ebtāl' is about the *validity* of the content, not the physical state of the paper.
Incorrect: بلیط هواپیما را ابطال کردم.
Correct: بلیط هواپیما را کنسل کردم (or لغو کردم).
To sound like a native speaker at a B2 level, you must distinguish between these closely related verbs:
- باطل کردن (Bātel Kardan)
- The common version. Used for stamps, tickets, or making something useless. 'ابطال' is the formal/abstract noun form used in the compound verb for higher registers.
- لغو کردن (Laghv Kardan)
- To cancel an event, a meeting, or a subscription. It focuses on the 'stopping' of a planned activity.
- فسخ کردن (Faskh Kardan)
- Specifically for 'terminating' or 'annulling' a contract or marriage. It implies a legal undoing of a pact.
- تکذیب کردن (Takzib Kardan)
- To deny or refute a rumor or a piece of news. It's about truth-value in communication.
او شایعات را تکذیب کرد اما دادگاه حکم را ابطال کرد.
He denied the rumors, but the court invalidated the ruling.
How Formal Is It?
रोचक तथ्य
The root B-T-L is also the source of the word 'Batāl' (hero) in some contexts (meaning one who makes the enemy's efforts void), though in modern Persian 'Bātel' mostly means 'useless' or 'wrong'.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Pronouncing 'eb' as 'ab' (like apple).
- Mixing up the 't' with a soft 'th' sound.
- Forgetting to stress the 'Tāl' syllable.
- Pronouncing the 'l' too softly.
- Merging 'ebtāl' and 'kardan' without a slight pause.
कठिनाई स्तर
Common in newspapers but requires knowing the Arabic root and formal context.
Requires correct use of compound verb structures and formal register.
Useful in professional settings, but 'bātel kardan' is more common in speech.
Fast-paced news reports often use this word.
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
Compound Verb Conjugation
من ابطال میکنم، تو ابطال میکنی...
Passive Construction with 'shodan'
حکم ابطال شد (The ruling was invalidated).
Subjunctive for Necessity
باید ابطال شود (It must be invalidated).
Object Marker 'rā'
او قرارداد را ابطال کرد.
Causal Conjunctions
به دلیل تقلب، ابطال شد.
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
او بلیط را ابطال کرد.
He invalidated the ticket.
Simple past tense.
این کارت ابطال شده است.
This card is invalidated.
Passive present perfect.
چرا ابطال کردی؟
Why did you invalidate [it]?
Question form.
من ابطال نمیکنم.
I am not invalidating [it].
Present negative.
لطفاً این را ابطال کنید.
Please invalidate this.
Imperative formal.
او میخواهد ابطال کند.
He wants to invalidate.
Present continuous desire.
نامه ابطال شد.
The letter was invalidated.
Simple past passive.
ما ابطال کردیم.
We invalidated [it].
1st person plural past.
پلیس گواهینامه او را ابطال کرد.
The police invalidated his driver's license.
Subject + Object + Verb.
شما نباید این قرارداد را ابطال کنید.
You should not invalidate this contract.
Modal verb 'nabāyad'.
آیا این قانون ابطال میشود؟
Will this law be invalidated?
Future/Present passive question.
او مدارک قدیمی را ابطال کرد.
He invalidated the old documents.
Adjective 'ghadimi' modifying the object.
بانک چک را ابطال کرد.
The bank invalidated the check.
Standard SOV order.
من دیروز آن را ابطال کردم.
I invalidated it yesterday.
Adverb of time 'di-ruz'.
آنها سعی کردند ابطال کنند.
They tried to invalidate [it].
Compound verb with 'say kardan'.
این حکم باید ابطال شود.
This ruling must be invalidated.
Subjunctive passive.
شورای شهر مصوبه قبلی را ابطال کرد.
The city council invalidated the previous resolution.
Formal vocabulary 'mosavvabe'.
به دلیل تقلب، آرای این صندوق ابطال شد.
Due to fraud, the votes in this box were invalidated.
Passive voice with 'be dalile'.
وکیل به دنبال ابطال کردن قرارداد است.
The lawyer is seeking to invalidate the contract.
Present progressive with 'dar hāle'.
این نظریه با شواهد جدید ابطال میشود.
This theory is refuted by new evidence.
Passive voice.
او قصد دارد وصیتنامه را ابطال کند.
He intends to invalidate the will.
Noun 'ghasd' (intention).
ابطال کردن این سند کار سادهای نیست.
Invalidating this document is not an easy task.
Infinitive as a subject.
آیا دادگاه میتواند حکم را ابطال کند؟
Can the court invalidate the ruling?
Modal 'tavānestan'.
پس از بررسی، مجوز آنها ابطال شد.
After investigation, their license was invalidated.
Prepositional phrase 'pas az'.
فیلسوف سعی داشت فرضیه رقیب را ابطال کند.
The philosopher tried to refute the rival hypothesis.
Academic register.
دیوان عالی کشور مصوبه دولت را ابطال کرد.
The Supreme Court invalidated the government's resolution.
Political terminology.
ابطال کردن یک باور قدیمی زمانبر است.
Refuting an old belief is time-consuming.
Abstract usage.
او با ارائه مدارک جدید، ادعای آنها را ابطال کرد.
By presenting new documents, he refuted their claim.
Gerund-like structure 'bā erāye'.
این آزمایش میتواند کل نظریه را ابطال کند.
This experiment can refute the entire theory.
Scientific context.
مدعیالعموم خواستار ابطال معامله شد.
The prosecutor called for the invalidation of the transaction.
Legal term 'modda'i-ol-omum'.
هرگونه تغییر در قرارداد منجر به ابطال آن میشود.
Any change in the contract leads to its invalidation.
Conditional result phrase.
ابطال کردن نتایج انتخابات باعث اعتراضات شد.
The invalidation of election results caused protests.
Causal relationship.
پوپر معتقد بود که علم باید ابطالپذیر باشد.
Popper believed that science must be falsifiable.
Suffix '-pazir' for capability.
ابطال کردن این سند حقوقی مستلزم اثبات جعل است.
Invalidating this legal document requires proving forgery.
High-level legal Persian.
او با استدلالی قوی، مبانی فلسفی آنها را ابطال کرد.
With a strong argument, he refuted their philosophical foundations.
Intellectual register.
حکم صادره به دلیل عدم صلاحیت قاضی ابطال شد.
The issued ruling was invalidated due to the judge's lack of jurisdiction.
Complex causal phrase.
ابطال کردن یک قرارداد بینالمللی تبعات سنگینی دارد.
Invalidating an international treaty has heavy consequences.
Geopolitical context.
او در کتاب خود، نظریات پیشین را به کلی ابطال کرد.
In his book, he completely refuted previous theories.
Adverbial phrase 'be kolli'.
سازمان بازرسی خواستار ابطال مناقصه شد.
The Inspection Organization called for the invalidation of the tender.
Administrative terminology.
ابطال کردن این باور عمومی دههها به طول انجامید.
Refuting this public belief took decades.
Idiomatic 'be tul anjāmid'.
در فقه اسلامی، برخی عوامل موجب ابطال عبادات میشوند.
In Islamic jurisprudence, certain factors cause the nullification of acts of worship.
Theological context.
ابطال کردن پارادایمهای حاکم، جوهر پیشرفت علمی است.
Refuting dominant paradigms is the essence of scientific progress.
Epistemological usage.
دیوان عدالت اداری وظیفه ابطال مصوبات خلاف قانون را دارد.
The Court of Administrative Justice has the duty to invalidate resolutions contrary to the law.
Constitutional law terminology.
او کوشید تا با رهیافتی پدیدارشناسانه، آن ادعا را ابطال کند.
He sought to refute that claim using a phenomenological approach.
Highly academic 'rah-yaft'.
ابطال کردن یک عقد جایز با یک عقد لازم تفاوتهای بنیادین دارد.
Invalidating a revocable contract has fundamental differences from an irrevocable one.
Specific legal categories (aqd-e jāyez vs lāzem).
تجربه به تنهایی نمیتواند یک گزاره متافیزیکی را ابطال کند.
Experience alone cannot refute a metaphysical proposition.
Logical positivism context.
ابطال کردن این وصیتنامه مستند به شهادت شهود بود.
The invalidation of this will was based on the testimony of witnesses.
Passive construction with 'mostanad be'.
او در رساله خود به ابطال تسلسل در علل پرداخت.
In his treatise, he addressed the refutation of infinite regress in causes.
Classical Islamic philosophy (ابطال تسلسل).
समानार्थी शब्द
विलोम शब्द
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
Laghv is for meetings/plans; Ebtāl is for validity/laws.
Faskh is specifically for terminating a contract between two parties.
Takzib is for saying a rumor is false; Ebtāl is for making a status void.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
— To ruin plans, similar to invalidating someone's efforts.
او تمام نقشههای ما را نقش بر آب کرد.
Literary— To discredit someone or refute their status.
او با آن حرفها پنبه رقیبش را زد.
Informal— To draw a line of falsehood over something; to completely invalidate or reject.
او بر تمام فرضیات قبلی خط بطلان کشید.
Literary— To make something lose its credit or validity.
این رسوایی او را از اعتبار انداخت.
Neutral— To treat something as if it never existed (null and void).
این قرارداد کان لم یکن تلقی میشود.
Legal/Arabic-rooted— To lose value or validity (like an old coin).
این نظریه دیگر از سکه افتاده است.
Informal/Idiomatic— To call into question (a step toward invalidation).
او اعتبار شاهد را زیر سوال برد.
Neutralआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
It's the adjective form.
Bātel is 'void' (adj), while Ebtāl is the act of making it so (noun/verb).
این بلیط باطل است. (This ticket is void.)
Both mean 'stopping' something.
Ta'til is for closing a shop or holiday; Ebtāl is for legal validity.
مغازه تعطیل است.
Both involve overcoming something.
Shekast dādan is to defeat an opponent; Ebtāl is to refute an idea.
او تیم حریف را شکست داد.
Both 'remove' something.
Pāk kardan is physical cleaning/erasing; Ebtāl is abstract invalidation.
او تخته را پاک کرد.
Both involve ending something.
Tamām kardan is finishing a task; Ebtāl is nullifying a right.
او کارش را تمام کرد.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
[Subject] [Object] را ابطال کرد.
پلیس کارت را ابطال کرد.
[Object] به دلیل [Reason] ابطال شد.
چک به دلیل اشتباه ابطال شد.
[Subject] با ارائه [Evidence]، [Claim] را ابطال کرد.
او با ارائه مدرک، ادعا را ابطال کرد.
ابطال کردن [Noun] مستلزم [Requirement] است.
ابطال کردن حکم مستلزم زمان است.
رهیافت [Adjective] منجر به ابطال [Concept] گردید.
رهیافت علمی منجر به ابطال خرافات گردید.
آیا میتوان [Object] را ابطال کرد؟
آیا میتوان این سند را ابطال کرد؟
در صورت [Condition]، قرارداد ابطال میگردد.
در صورت تخلف، قرارداد ابطال میگردد.
نظریه مذکور از منظر [Perspective] ابطالپذیر است.
نظریه مذکور از منظر منطقی ابطالپذیر است.
शब्द परिवार
संज्ञा
क्रिया
विशेषण
संबंधित
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Common in news, legal, and academic writing; rare in casual slang.
-
من قرار ملاقات را ابطال کردم.
→
من قرار ملاقات را لغو کردم.
Meetings are 'laghv'ed, not 'ebtāl'ed.
-
او نظریه را ابطال داد.
→
او نظریه را ابطال کرد.
The auxiliary verb is 'kardan', not 'dādan'.
-
ابطال کردن بلیط سینما
→
باطل کردن بلیط سینما
'Ebtāl' is too formal for a movie ticket; 'bātel' is better.
-
او سند را ابطال شد.
→
سند ابطال شد.
'Ebtāl shodan' is passive; it doesn't take a subject doing the action directly with 'rā'.
-
ابطال کردن شایعات
→
تکذیب کردن شایعات
Rumors are 'takzib'ed (denied), not 'ebtāl'ed.
सुझाव
Direct Object
Always use 'rā' with the noun you are invalidating.
Be Formal
Save this word for professional emails, essays, or legal discussions.
The Root
Remember 'Bātel' (void) to remember 'Ebtāl' (invalidation).
Legal Use
If a judge is involved, the word is almost always 'ebtāl'.
Refutation
Use it to describe when an experiment proves a theory wrong.
Ebtāl vs Laghv
Laghv = Cancel (Event). Ebtāl = Invalidate (Status).
Passive Voice
Use 'ebtāl shodan' when the focus is on the document, not the person.
Sound
Ebtāl sounds like 'Ab-Tall'—a tall wave of water washing away a sandcastle.
Formal Suffix
Adding '-pazir' makes it 'falsifiable', a very high-level academic term.
Offices
When you hear this at a government office, it means your form or ID is no longer good.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Think of 'Ebtāl' as 'Exit-Ballot'. When a ballot box is 'ebtāl'ed, the votes 'exit' the count because they are invalid.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a giant red 'X' stamp coming down on a legal contract. The sound of the stamp is 'EB-TAL!'.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Try to find three things in your room that you could 'bātel' (like an old receipt) and then write a formal sentence using 'ebtāl kardan' as if you were a judge.
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Derived from the Arabic root B-T-L (بطل). In Arabic, 'ibtāl' is the Masdar (verbal noun) of the IV form (Af'ala), meaning 'to make void'.
मूल अर्थ: To make something 'bātil' (false, useless, or perished).
Semitic (Arabic) root integrated into Indo-European (Persian) verbal system.सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
No specific sensitivities, but using it in a casual social setting can make you sound overly stiff or 'robotic'.
English speakers use 'invalidate' or 'refute'. 'Ebtāl' covers both, depending on whether the object is a document or an idea.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
Law Court
- ابطال سند
- حکم ابطال
- ابطال معامله
- درخواست ابطال
Science/Philosophy
- ابطال فرضیه
- ابطالپذیری
- ابطال نظریه
- شواهد ابطالکننده
Elections
- ابطال آرا
- ابطال انتخابات
- صندوق ابطالشده
- تخلف و ابطال
Banking
- ابطال چک
- ابطال کارت
- ابطال حساب
- ابطال تراکنش
Administration
- ابطال مجوز
- ابطال شناسنامه
- ابطال پاسپورت
- ابطال فرم
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"آیا تا به حال مجبور شدهاید قراردادی را ابطال کنید؟"
"به نظر شما کدام نظریه علمی در آینده ابطال خواهد شد؟"
"اگر انتخاباتی ابطال شود، چه اتفاقی برای جامعه میافتد؟"
"چگونه میتوان یک سند جعلی را در دادگاه ابطال کرد؟"
"آیا ابطالپذیری بهترین راه برای تشخیص علم از شبهعلم است؟"
डायरी विषय
درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک باور قدیمی در ذهن شما ابطال شد.
اگر قدرت داشتید یک قانون را در کشور خود ابطال کنید، کدام را انتخاب میکردید؟
تفاوت بین ابطال کردن یک قرارداد و فسخ کردن آن را به زبان خود توضیح دهید.
چرا در علم، ابطال کردن یک نظریه به اندازه اثبات آن مهم است؟
یک داستان کوتاه درباره وکیلی بنویسید که تخصصش ابطال کردن وصیتنامههای ناعادلانه است.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालNo, it's better to use 'laghv kardan' or 'cancel kardan'. 'Ebtāl' sounds like you are legally challenging the existence of the hotel room.
'Ebtāl' often implies the thing was never valid or is being struck down by an authority. 'Faskh' is the termination of a valid contract by one or both parties.
Yes, it is the standard word for 'to refute' or 'to falsify' a theory or hypothesis.
In daily speech, no. In news, law, and university, yes, it's very common.
It is 'ebtāl-paziri' (ابطالپذیری).
Yes, in Fiqh (Islamic law), it refers to actions that make a prayer or fast invalid.
'اثبات' (esbāt - proof) or 'تایید' (ta'yid - confirmation).
The root 'B-T-L' is Arabic, but 'ebtāl kardan' is a Persian compound verb.
Yes, if the bank officially cancels it, they 'ebtāl' the card.
No, 'delete' is 'hazf kardan'. 'Ebtāl' is about validity, not just removal.
खुद को परखो 200 सवाल
Write a sentence using 'ابطال کردن' about a contract.
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Translate: 'The scientist refuted the old theory.'
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Explain the difference between 'ebtāl' and 'laghv' in Persian.
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Write a formal request to a bank to invalidate a lost check.
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Use 'ابطالپذیری' in a sentence about science.
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Write a sentence in the passive voice: 'The election was invalidated.'
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Translate: 'The court has the right to invalidate this law.'
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Write a short dialogue between a lawyer and a client about an invalid will.
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How do you use 'ebtāl' in a religious context? Write an example.
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Translate: 'Due to forgery, the document was invalidated.'
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Write a sentence using the present subjunctive of 'ebtāl kardan'.
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Describe a situation where a driver's license might be 'ebtāl'ed.
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Translate: 'Any mistake will lead to the invalidation of the form.'
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Write a sentence using 'خط بطلان کشیدن'.
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Translate: 'Why did the council invalidate the resolution?'
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Use 'ابطال' as a noun in a complex sentence.
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Write a headline for a newspaper about an election result.
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Translate: 'The falsifiability of a theory is important.'
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Write a sentence about invalidating a passport.
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Translate: 'He tried to refute my argument but failed.'
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Pronounce: ابطال کردن
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तुमने कहा:
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Explain the meaning of 'ابطال' in your own words.
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Say: 'The court invalidated the law.' in Persian.
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Describe a time you had to cancel something official.
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Discuss why falsifiability is important in science.
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Say: 'Please invalidate this check.' in a formal way.
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Explain the difference between 'ebtāl' and 'takzib'.
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How do you pronounce 'ebtāl-paziri'?
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Say: 'This theory was refuted by new evidence.'
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Roleplay: You are a lawyer telling a client their contract is void.
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Say: 'We must invalidate the results.'
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What happens when a passport is 'ebtāl'ed? Explain in Persian.
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Say: 'His claims were completely refuted.'
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Discuss the impact of election invalidation on a country.
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Say: 'I want to invalidate this document.'
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Explain 'khat-e botlān keshidan' to a friend.
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Say: 'The judge's decision was invalidated.'
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Describe the process of invalidating a lost ID card.
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Say: 'This is an invalid argument.' (using bātel)
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Explain why scientists try to 'ebtāl' theories.
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Listen to the sentence: 'دادگاه حکم را ابطال کرد.' What did the court do?
Identify the word 'ebtāl' in a news clip about elections.
Listen to a legal discussion. Who is requesting the 'ebtāl'?
Listen: 'این فرضیه ابطالپذیر نیست.' Is the hypothesis falsifiable?
Listen: 'قرارداد ابطال شد.' Is the contract still valid?
Identify the reason for invalidation in the audio: 'به دلیل نقص مدارک، ابطال شد.'
Listen: 'او خبر را تکذیب کرد اما سند را ابطال نکرد.' Did he invalidate the document?
Listen: 'هزینه ابطال بلیط چقدر است؟' What is the speaker asking for?
Listen to a lecture on Popper. What word is used for falsification?
Listen: 'مجوز آنها ابطال گردید.' What happened to the license?
Listen: 'باید بر این تفکر خط بطلان کشید.' What should be done to the thinking?
Identify the object in: 'بانک چک را ابطال کرد.'
Listen: 'ابطال آرا باعث آشوب شد.' What caused the chaos?
Listen to a sentence with 'ebtāl shodan' and 'ebtāl kardan'. Distinguish them.
Listen: 'این وصیتنامه ابطال قانونی ندارد.' Does the will have legal invalidation?
من مهمانی فردا را ابطال کردم.
Use 'laghv' for social events.
او نظریه را ابطال داد.
The auxiliary for 'ebtāl' is 'kardan'.
سند ابطال کرد.
Use passive voice when the document is the subject.
او شایعه را ابطال کرد.
Use 'takzib' for rumors/news.
ابطال کردن بلیط اتوبوس.
'Bātel' is better for physical tickets.
دادگاه حکم را ابطال شد.
Active voice requires 'kard' if the court is the subject.
این قانون ابطالپذیری است.
Use the adjective 'ebtāl-pazir' directly.
او قرارداد را لغو کرد (in a court context).
In court, 'ebtāl' or 'faskh' is more precise.
من ابطال میکنم به این سند.
Use 'rā' instead of 'be'.
ابطال شناسنامه به علت زنده بودن.
IDs are invalidated due to death, not life.
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
ابطال کردن is your 'power verb' for formal invalidation. Use it when a court cancels a law or a scientist disproves a theory. For example: دادگاه حکم را ابطال کرد (The court invalidated the ruling).
- ابطال کردن (ebtāl kardan) is a formal verb meaning to invalidate, nullify, or refute.
- It is used for legal documents, election results, and scientific or philosophical theories.
- It differs from 'laghv kardan', which is for canceling social events or appointments.
- As a compound verb with 'kardan', it is transitive and usually requires the object marker 'rā'.
Direct Object
Always use 'rā' with the noun you are invalidating.
Be Formal
Save this word for professional emails, essays, or legal discussions.
The Root
Remember 'Bātel' (void) to remember 'Ebtāl' (invalidation).
Legal Use
If a judge is involved, the word is almost always 'ebtāl'.
संबंधित सामग्री
academic के और शब्द
اعمال کردن
B2To apply, to implement; to put into operation or effect.
عامل شدن
B2किसी चीज़ का कारक या कारण बनना।
اعتبار علمی
B2शैक्षिक विश्वसनीयता या वैज्ञानिक प्रतिष्ठा।
اعتبار بخشیدن
B2किसी चीज़ को मान्य करना या आधिकारिक स्वीकृति देना।
اعتبار سنجی کردن
B2किसी चीज़ की वैधता या सटीकता की जाँच करना या उसे प्रमाणित करना।
اعتباربخشی
B2मान्यता वह आधिकारिक मान्यता है कि कोई व्यक्ति या संस्थान कुछ मानकों को पूरा करता है।
اعتمادپذیر
B2विश्वसनीय; भरोसेमंद।
اعتراف کردن
B2स्वीकार करना या स्वीकार करना; यह स्वीकार करना कि किसी ने अपराध किया है या कुछ गलत किया है। (उसे कबूल करना होगा कि उसने झूठ बोला था। उसने अपराध कबूल कर लिया।)
عضو هیئت علمی
B2A faculty member; a professional academic engaged in teaching and research at a university.
عقلانی
B2तार्किक; तर्क या विवेक पर आधारित।