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B1 noun #1,500 सबसे आम 10 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

به اضافه

be ezâfe शीर्ष 1,500

At the A1 level, learners encounter 'be ezāfe' primarily as a mathematical term. It is one of the first 'functional' phrases learned when studying numbers. At this stage, the focus is on simple addition: 1 + 1 = 2. The learner should understand that 'be ezāfe' represents the plus sign. They might also use it in very basic shopping scenarios, such as 'One tea plus one cake.' The grammar is kept simple, usually without the formal 'ezafe' vowel, focusing instead on the literal connection of two nouns or numbers. The goal is to build a foundation for basic arithmetic and simple lists in Persian.

At the A2 level, the use of 'be ezāfe' expands into more descriptive lists. Learners begin to use it to describe what they have or what they need. For example, 'I have a car plus a bicycle.' The learner starts to distinguish between 'va' (and) and 'be ezāfe' (plus), using the latter when they want to emphasize that something is an extra or separate item. They also become more comfortable with the pronunciation, ensuring the 'z' sound in 'ezāfe' is clear. They might hear it in recipes (e.g., 'sugar plus water') and should be able to follow such instructions.

At the B1 level (the target level for this word), learners should use 'be ezāfe' with more precision and frequency. They are expected to use the formal 'be ezāfe-ye' construction when appropriate. B1 learners use the phrase to connect abstract concepts, not just physical objects or numbers. For instance, 'Success requires talent plus hard work.' They also begin to recognize the difference between 'be ezāfe' and its synonyms like 'be-alāve' and 'alāve bar,' understanding that 'be ezāfe' is best suited for internal sentence addition rather than starting a new thought. This level marks the transition from literal math to logical aggregation.

At the B2 level, 'be ezāfe' is used fluently in professional and academic contexts. The learner can use it to discuss complex statistics, financial reports, and logical arguments. They understand the nuance that 'be ezāfe' can imply a secondary or supplementary status to the second item. In a B2 level discussion, one might say, 'The project's budget is 100 million, plus a contingency fund for unexpected costs.' The learner is also expected to have perfect spelling and use the correct 'ezafe' link consistently in formal writing.

At the C1 level, the learner uses 'be ezāfe' as part of a sophisticated vocabulary. They can contrast it with more formal terms like 'be enzemām' or 'be zamime-ye' depending on the register. A C1 speaker might use 'be ezāfe' rhetorically to build a list of arguments that lead to a powerful conclusion. They are also aware of its use in classical-style modern prose and can identify when a writer uses it to create a specific rhythmic or logical effect. Their understanding of the word is deeply integrated into their grasp of Persian syntax and logic.

At the C2 level, 'be ezāfe' is a tool for stylistic precision. The speaker or writer uses it with an innate sense of the 'weight' it adds to a sentence. They can use it in legal drafting, high-level scientific papers, or literary analysis. At this level, the distinction between 'be ezāfe' and its many synonyms is handled with complete mastery, ensuring that the chosen word perfectly fits the tone, rhythm, and legal or logical requirements of the text. The C2 learner might even explore the etymological roots of 'ezāfe' and how its meaning has shifted over centuries in Persian literature.

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

به اضافه 30 सेकंड में

به اضافه means 'plus' or 'in addition to' in Persian.
It is the standard term for the mathematical '+' operator.
It connects two nouns or numbers to show accumulation.
In formal speech, it often becomes 'be ezāfe-ye'.

The Persian phrase به اضافه (be ezāfe) is a fundamental linguistic building block used to denote addition, inclusion, and the mathematical operation of 'plus'. At its core, it is composed of the preposition be (meaning 'to' or 'at') and the noun ezāfe (meaning 'addition', 'extra', or 'increase'). When combined, they function as a compound preposition or conjunction that signals the joining of two or more entities. In the realm of mathematics, it is the literal name for the '+' sign, used in every classroom from Tehran to Shiraz to solve basic arithmetic. However, its utility extends far beyond the chalkboard. In everyday conversation, it acts as a more emphatic version of 'and' (va), often used when the speaker wants to highlight that an extra item or condition is being appended to an existing list. It implies a process of accumulation.

Literal Meaning: To the addition; plus.

پنج به اضافه پنج می‌شود ده.
Five plus five equals ten.

In linguistic terms, be ezāfe often requires the 'ezafe' vowel (the short -e sound) when followed by a noun in formal contexts, becoming be ezāfe-ye. This construction is vital for B1 learners to master because it bridges the gap between simple coordination and more complex logical structuring. It allows a speaker to present information as a primary set followed by supplementary data. For instance, when discussing costs, one might say 'the price of the room plus tax,' where the tax is an additional, distinct component. This distinction is subtle but important for clarity in professional and academic Persian.

حقوق پایه به اضافه پاداش.
Base salary plus bonus.

Grammatical Role: Compound Preposition / Conjunction

Historically, the word ezāfe comes from Arabic roots (Z-Y-D) relating to increase, but its usage in this specific compound is uniquely Persian in its syntactic application. It is synonymous with plus in English, plus in French, and más in Spanish. Understanding this word is the first step toward understanding how Persian speakers categorize and aggregate information. It is not just about numbers; it is about the logic of 'more'.

این خانه سه اتاق دارد به اضافه یک حیاط بزرگ.
This house has three rooms plus a large yard.

چای به اضافه کمی شکر.
Tea plus a little sugar.

Register: Neutral to Formal (used in all contexts from math to law).

هزینه سفر به اضافه بیمه.
Travel cost plus insurance.

Using به اضافه correctly involves understanding its syntactic placement and its relationship with the 'Ezafe' construction. In its simplest form, it sits between two nouns or numbers. For example, 'A be ezāfe B'. In mathematical contexts, it is static and straightforward. However, when used in descriptive sentences, it often takes the Ezafe vowel (short -e) to link it to the following noun: be ezāfe-ye.... This is particularly true in formal writing and careful speech. For instance, 'man be ezāfe-ye barādaram' (Me plus my brother). Without the -e, it can sound slightly clipped or purely mathematical.

Mathematical Usage: Used as the operator '+'. Example: 'Do be ezāfe-ye do mishavad chahār'.

او ده کتاب دارد به اضافه چندین مجله.
He has ten books plus several magazines.

When constructing sentences at a B1 level, you should use be ezāfe to add complexity to your lists. Instead of using 'va' (and) repeatedly, which can make your Persian sound repetitive and elementary, be ezāfe allows you to group items logically. It suggests that the first item is the primary focus, and the subsequent items are additions. This is very common in business Persian when discussing contracts, invoices, or project requirements. For example, 'The project requires a designer plus a developer.' Using be ezāfe here makes the requirement sound more precise.

قیمت بلیط به اضافه مالیات بر ارزش افزوده.
Ticket price plus VAT.

Another nuance is its use in 'if' clauses or conditional logic in more advanced Persian. While B1 students mostly use it for addition, knowing that it can imply 'with the addition of' helps in reading comprehension. It is also important to note that be ezāfe is never used to start a sentence in the way 'In addition' is used in English. For 'In addition,' Persian speakers use alāve bar in or be-alāve. This is a common point of confusion. Be ezāfe is almost always internal to the sentence, connecting two parts.

Sentence Placement: Usually placed between the items being added; rarely at the start of a sentence.

من شیر به اضافه عسل می‌خورم.
I drink milk plus honey.

تلاش به اضافه شانس مساوی است با موفقیت.
Effort plus luck equals success.

Common Pairing: Often paired with 'mishavad' (becomes) or 'mosāvi ast bā' (is equal to) in math.

یک به اضافه یک می‌شود دو.
One plus one equals two.

The most common place to hear به اضافه is in educational settings. From the first grade, Iranian children learn the four basic operations: jam' (addition), tafriq (subtraction), zarb (multiplication), and taqsim (division). In the context of jam', the operator is always called be ezāfe. If you are watching a Persian educational video or sitting in a math class, you will hear this phrase repeatedly. It is the verbal equivalent of the '+' sign. However, its use is not restricted to children. Engineers, accountants, and scientists use it daily when discussing formulas and calculations.

Setting 1: The Classroom: Teachers explaining math problems or students reciting sums.

بچه‌ها، صد به اضافه دویست چقدر می‌شود؟
Children, how much is one hundred plus two hundred?

Beyond math, you will hear it in commercial environments. When shopping in a bazaar or a modern mall, if a price is quoted as 'base price plus tax' or 'item plus accessory,' the salesperson will use be ezāfe. It provides a clear distinction between the main product and the add-ons. In restaurants, you might hear it when a customer asks for a dish 'plus extra sauce' or 'plus a side of fries.' It is a functional, pragmatic word that ensures everyone understands exactly what is being included in a transaction.

قیمت این لپ‌تاپ بیست میلیون است به اضافه هزینه گارانتی.
The price of this laptop is 20 million plus the warranty fee.

In the media, news anchors and financial analysts use be ezāfe when reporting on statistics. For example, 'The population of the city is 5 million plus the suburban areas.' It is also common in legal or bureaucratic language. When a government official lists the requirements for a visa or a permit, they might say 'Form A plus Form B plus a photo.' In these contexts, be ezāfe sounds more professional and precise than the simple 'va' (and), which can sometimes feel too informal for official lists.

Setting 2: News & Finance: Reporting growth rates, population stats, or budget allocations.

رشد اقتصادی امسال دو درصد بود به اضافه افزایش صادرات.
Economic growth this year was 2 percent plus an increase in exports.

مدارک لازم: شناسنامه به اضافه دو قطعه عکس.
Required documents: ID card plus two photos.

Setting 3: Everyday Logistics: Giving directions or explaining a recipe.

دو پیمانه برنج به اضافه سه پیمانه آب.
Two cups of rice plus three cups of water.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is confusing به اضافه (be ezāfe) with به‌علاوه (be-alāve). While they both mean 'plus' or 'in addition,' their usage differs slightly. Be-alāve is more commonly used at the beginning of a sentence to mean 'Furthermore' or 'Moreover,' whereas be ezāfe is almost exclusively used as a preposition between two items. Using be ezāfe to start a sentence like 'In addition, I like apples' would sound unnatural in Persian. You should use alāve bar in for that purpose.

Mistake 1: Starting Sentences: Incorrect: 'Be ezāfe, man gorsneh hastam.' Correct: 'Be-alāve, man gorsneh hastam.'

غلط: به اضافه، او دیر آمد.
درست: علاوه بر این، او دیر آمد.
Wrong: Plus, he came late. Right: In addition, he came late.

Another common mistake is omitting the 'Ezafe' vowel (-e) in formal speech. While in quick math (e.g., 'do be ezāfe do'), the vowel might be swallowed, in a formal sentence like 'The book plus the pen,' you should say ketāb be ezāfe-ye khodkār. Forgetting that '-ye' makes the sentence sound disjointed. Furthermore, learners often confuse the noun ezāfe (addition) with the verb ezāfe kardan (to add). Remember that be ezāfe is a fixed phrase; you cannot replace it with the verb form and expect the same meaning.

من سیب به اضافه پرتقال خریدم.
Correct usage: I bought apples plus oranges.

A third mistake is using be ezāfe when bā (with) or va (and) is more appropriate. Use be ezāfe when you want to emphasize the mathematical or additive nature of the items. If you are just saying 'I went with my friend,' use bā. If you say 'I went plus my friend,' it sounds like you are counting people for a ticket rather than describing a social outing. Precision in choice of conjunction is what separates a B1 learner from a beginner.

Mistake 2: Overuse: Don't use it for social accompaniment. Use 'bā' (with) instead.

غلط: من به اضافه دوستم رفتیم.
درست: من با دوستم رفتم.
Wrong: I plus my friend went. Right: I went with my friend.

ده به اضافه بیست می‌شود سی.
Ten plus twenty equals thirty. (Correct Math)

Mistake 3: Spelling: Ensure 'ezāfe' is spelled with 'ض' (zad), not 'ز' (ze) or 'ذ' (zal).

املا: اضافه (درست) / ازافه (غلط)
Spelling: Ezāfe (Correct) / Ezafe (Wrong spelling)

Persian has several ways to express addition and inclusion, and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific context. The most common alternative to به اضافه is به‌علاوه (be-alāve). In many cases, they are interchangeable, especially in mathematics. However, be-alāve is slightly more formal and is frequently used as a sentence starter (meaning 'Furthermore'). If you are writing an essay, be-alāve is often the better choice for transitioning between points, while be ezāfe remains the king of literal addition.

Comparison: Be Ezāfe vs. Be-alāve: Be Ezāfe: Literal, mathematical, common in lists.
Be-alāve: Formal, versatile, can start sentences.

او خسته بود، به‌علاوه گرسنه هم بود.
He was tired; furthermore, he was also hungry.

Another similar word is علاوه بر (alāve bar), which means 'in addition to' or 'besides'. Unlike be ezāfe, which usually comes between two things, alāve bar often comes at the beginning of a phrase. For example, 'Alāve bar sib, man moz ham kharidam' (In addition to apples, I also bought bananas). This construction is very useful for B1 and B2 students to vary their sentence structure. While be ezāfe is additive, alāve bar is inclusive and comparative.

علاوه بر فارسی، او انگلیسی هم بلد است.
In addition to Persian, he also knows English.

Finally, we have به انضمام (be enzemām), which is a highly formal, legalistic term meaning 'including' or 'annexed with'. You will see this in contracts or official documents. It is the 'heavyweight' version of be ezāfe. For instance, 'The contract be enzemām-e appendices.' As a B1 student, you don't need to use this in daily speech, but recognizing it in formal reading is a sign of progress. In summary, use va for simple 'and', be ezāfe for 'plus', alāve bar for 'in addition to', and be enzemām for formal inclusion.

Comparison Table

و (va): Basic 'and'.
به اضافه (be ezāfe): Mathematical 'plus'.
به‌علاوه (be-alāve): 'Furthermore' / 'Plus'.
افزون بر (afzun bar): Literary 'in addition to'.

مدارک به انضمام کپی کارت ملی.
Documents annexed with a copy of the national ID card.

هوش به اضافه پشتکار.
Intelligence plus perseverance.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

अनौपचारिक

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

یک به اضافه یک می‌شود دو.

One plus one equals two.

Simple mathematical addition.

دو به اضافه سه می‌شود پنج.

Two plus three equals five.

Basic number addition.

چای به اضافه شکر.

Tea plus sugar.

Using plus for food items.

نان به اضافه پنیر.

Bread plus cheese.

Simple list.

من به اضافه تو.

Me plus you.

Using plus with pronouns.

آبی به اضافه زرد می‌شود سبز.

Blue plus yellow becomes green.

Describing results of mixing.

کتاب به اضافه مداد.

Book plus pencil.

Basic object list.

ده به اضافه ده می‌شود بیست.

Ten plus ten equals twenty.

Higher number addition.

من یک پیراهن خریدم به اضافه یک شلوار.

I bought a shirt plus a pair of pants.

Adding items in a shopping context.

او شیر می‌خواهد به اضافه کمی عسل.

He wants milk plus a little honey.

Specifying additions to a drink.

این اتاق دو پنجره دارد به اضافه یک در.

This room has two windows plus one door.

Describing features of a space.

هزینه هتل به اضافه صبحانه است.

The hotel cost is plus breakfast.

Discussing inclusions.

ما به پارک رفتیم به اضافه برادرم.

We went to the park plus my brother.

Adding a person to a group.

او فارسی بلد است به اضافه کمی انگلیسی.

He knows Persian plus a little English.

Listing skills.

این غذا تند است به اضافه نمک زیاد.

This food is spicy plus lots of salt.

Describing qualities.

ساعت پنج به اضافه ده دقیقه.

Five o'clock plus ten minutes.

Telling time precisely.

قیمت نهایی شامل هزینه کالا به اضافه مالیات است.

The final price includes the item cost plus tax.

Using 'be ezāfe' in a financial context.

موفقیت یعنی تلاش به اضافه صبر.

Success means effort plus patience.

Abstract concept combination.

او یک خانه بزرگ دارد به اضافه یک باغ زیبا.

He has a large house plus a beautiful garden.

Describing possessions with emphasis.

برای ثبت‌نام، شناسنامه به اضافه دو عکس لازم است.

For registration, an ID card plus two photos are required.

Listing requirements.

این لپ‌تاپ قدرت زیادی دارد به اضافه وزن کم.

This laptop has great power plus low weight.

Listing features/benefits.

او مهربان است به اضافه اینکه بسیار باهوش است.

He is kind plus he is very intelligent.

Connecting adjectives and clauses.

سفر ما سه روز طول کشید به اضافه دو روز در راه.

Our trip took three days plus two days on the road.

Adding time durations.

او قهوه می‌نوشد به اضافه مقدار زیادی شکر.

He drinks coffee plus a large amount of sugar.

Specifying quantity.

حقوق ماهانه شما پایه به اضافه پاداش عملکرد خواهد بود.

Your monthly salary will be base plus performance bonus.

Formal business usage.

جمعیت شهر هشت میلیون نفر است به اضافه حومه‌نشینان.

The city's population is eight million plus suburbanites.

Statistical reporting.

این نظریه بر پایه شواهد علمی به اضافه فرضیات جدید است.

This theory is based on scientific evidence plus new hypotheses.

Academic/Scientific usage.

او به اتهام سرقت به اضافه کلاهبرداری دستگیر شد.

He was arrested on charges of theft plus fraud.

Legal context.

پروژه به بودجه بیشتری نیاز دارد به اضافه نیروی انسانی متخصص.

The project needs more budget plus specialized human resources.

Resource allocation.

زیبایی این شعر در سادگی به اضافه عمق معنای آن است.

The beauty of this poem lies in its simplicity plus the depth of its meaning.

Literary analysis.

ما باید هزینه حمل و نقل را به اضافه بیمه کالا محاسبه کنیم.

We must calculate the shipping cost plus the cargo insurance.

Logistics and accounting.

او دارای مدرک دکترا به اضافه ده سال سابقه کار است.

He has a PhD plus ten years of work experience.

Listing qualifications.

تحلیل نهایی بر اساس داده‌های خام به اضافه متغیرهای کیفی انجام شد.

The final analysis was conducted based on raw data plus qualitative variables.

Advanced analytical language.

ساختار سیاسی کشور بر پایه قانون اساسی به اضافه عرف جامعه است.

The country's political structure is based on the constitution plus societal norms.

Sociopolitical discourse.

او با تکیه بر نبوغ ذاتی به اضافه پشتکاری مثال‌زدنی به اینجا رسید.

He reached here by relying on innate genius plus exemplary perseverance.

Elevated biographical description.

هزینه تمام‌شده محصول شامل مواد اولیه به اضافه سربار تولید است.

The total cost of the product includes raw materials plus production overhead.

Advanced accounting/manufacturing.

این توافق‌نامه شامل متن اصلی به اضافه ده پیوست فنی می‌باشد.

This agreement includes the main text plus ten technical appendices.

Formal diplomatic/legal language.

رشد پایدار مستلزم مدیریت منابع به اضافه نوآوری مداوم است.

Sustainable growth requires resource management plus constant innovation.

Economic theory.

او از منظر تاریخی به اضافه دیدگاه جامعه‌شناختی به موضوع نگریست.

He looked at the subject from a historical perspective plus a sociological viewpoint.

Interdisciplinary analysis.

اعتبار او ناشی از صداقت به اضافه تخصص بی‌نظیرش در این حوزه است.

His credibility stems from honesty plus his unique expertise in this field.

Character assessment.

هستی‌شناسی او بر مبنای اصالت وجود به اضافه تجلیات گوناگون آن شکل گرفته است.

His ontology is formed based on the primacy of existence plus its various manifestations.

Philosophical/Metaphysical discourse.

این اثر هنری، تلفیقی از سنت‌های کهن به اضافه تکنیک‌های آوانگارد است.

This artwork is a fusion of ancient traditions plus avant-garde techniques.

Art criticism.

سیاست خارجی باید بر اساس منافع ملی به اضافه واقع‌گرایی سیاسی تدوین شود.

Foreign policy must be formulated based on national interests plus political realism.

High-level political strategy.

تفسیر متن مستلزم دانش زبانی به اضافه درک عمیق از بافت تاریخی است.

Interpreting the text requires linguistic knowledge plus a deep understanding of the historical context.

Hermeneutics/Literary theory.

قدرت نرم یک کشور ناشی از فرهنگ به اضافه ارزش‌های دموکراتیک آن است.

A country's soft power stems from its culture plus its democratic values.

International relations theory.

پایداری اکوسیستم به تنوع زیستی به اضافه تعاملات پیچیده میان گونه‌ها وابسته است.

Ecosystem stability depends on biodiversity plus complex interactions between species.

Advanced biological science.

عدالت اجتماعی در گرو توزیع عادلانه ثروت به اضافه برابری فرصت‌هاست.

Social justice depends on the fair distribution of wealth plus equality of opportunity.

Political philosophy.

معماری این بنا، بازتابی از هویت بومی به اضافه تاثیرات جهانی‌سازی است.

The architecture of this building is a reflection of local identity plus the influences of globalization.

Architectural theory.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

دو به اضافه دو

هزینه به اضافه مالیات

حقوق به اضافه پاداش

تلاش به اضافه هوش

اصل به اضافه سود

متن به اضافه پیوست

قیمت به اضافه تخفیف

غذا به اضافه نوشیدنی

سفر به اضافه اقامت

نام به اضافه نام خانوادگی

सामान्य वाक्यांश

به اضافه اینکه

به اضافه موارد فوق

به اضافه مالیات بر ارزش افزوده

به اضافه هزینه حمل و نقل

به اضافه حق سرویس

به اضافه بیمه

به اضافه سود بانکی

به اضافه جریمه دیرکرد

به اضافه سایر متعلقات

به اضافه توضیحات لازم

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

به اضافه vs به‌علاوه

Be-alāve can start a sentence; be ezāfe usually cannot.

به اضافه vs علاوه بر

Alāve bar means 'in addition to' and usually starts the phrase.

به اضافه vs با

Bā means 'with' (social); be ezāfe is 'plus' (additive).

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

به اضافه vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

logical

Used to add an item to a set.

mathematical

Used for the '+' operator.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using 'be ezāfe' to start a sentence like 'Plus, I went there.'
Spelling 'ezāfe' with the wrong 'z' letter.
Forgetting the ezafe-ye link in formal Persian.
Using 'be ezāfe' instead of 'bā' for social accompaniment.
Confusing 'be ezāfe' with the verb 'ezāfe kardan'.

सुझाव

The Ezafe Link

Always remember the short 'e' sound when connecting to a noun in formal speech.

Math Operator

This is the standard word for the '+' sign. Use it in all calculations.

Synonym Choice

Use 'be ezāfe' for lists and 'be-alāve' for transitions.

Letter Zad

Don't confuse 'ض' with other 'z' sounds in Persian.

Emphasis

Use 'be ezāfe' when you want to highlight that the second item is an add-on.

News Context

Listen for this word during economic segments on Persian news.

Professionalism

Using 'be ezāfe' instead of 'va' makes your writing sound more precise.

Bazaar Talk

Use it when asking about what is included in a price.

Logical Sum

Use it to combine abstract qualities like 'Talent plus Luck'.

Visual Aid

Visualize the word 'Ezafe' as 'Extra' to remember its meaning.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Persian 'be' (to) + Arabic 'ezāfe' (addition).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

In business, clearly stating 'be ezāfe' prevents misunderstandings about costs.

Iranians take math education seriously, and 'be ezāfe' is a core part of early literacy.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"دو به اضافه دو چند می‌شود؟"

"قیمت این کالا به اضافه مالیات چقدر است؟"

"آیا این اتاق به اضافه صبحانه است؟"

"مدارک لازم برای ثبت‌نام چیست؟ (شناسنامه به اضافه...)"

"چه چیزی به اضافه تلاش برای موفقیت لازم است؟"

डायरी विषय

Write about your daily routine: Work plus exercise plus reading.

List the ingredients of your favorite food using 'be ezāfe'.

Discuss what qualities a good friend should have (Kindness plus...).

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

It is not common. Use 'be-alāve' or 'alāve bar in' instead.

It is neutral and used in both contexts, though 'be-alāve' is slightly more formal.

The opposite is 'menhā-ye' (minus).

Usually yes, 'mishavad' (becomes) or 'mosāvi ast bā' (is equal to).

In formal Persian, 'be ezāfe-ye' is correct when followed by a noun.

Yes, but 'bā' (with) is more common for social situations.

It is spelled with 'zad' (ض): اضافه.

Yes, very frequently for adding ingredients.

It means 'addition', 'extra', or 'increase'.

In very casual speech, people just use 'va' (and).