معلوم 30 सेकंड में
- Ma'lum means 'known' or 'clear' and is used for facts, identities, and obvious situations in daily Persian speech.
- It is commonly paired with 'shodan' (to become) to indicate something has been discovered or clarified.
- The phrase 'Ma'lume ke...' is a very common way to say 'Of course' or 'It's obvious that' in informal conversation.
- In grammar and math, it refers to the active voice and known variables, respectively, contrasting with 'majhul'.
The Persian word معلوم (ma'lum) is a foundational adjective derived from the Arabic root 'a-la-ma (ع-ل-م), which pertains to knowledge, science, and information. At its core, معلوم signifies something that has been brought into the light of understanding—something that is no longer hidden, ambiguous, or unknown. In a basic A1 context, it translates to 'known' or 'clear,' but its semantic range expands significantly as one progresses through the CEFR levels. It describes facts that are established, identities that are recognized, and situations that have become evident through observation or logic.
- Literal Meaning
- That which is known or identified.
- Grammatical Function
- Primarily functions as an adjective, often paired with the auxiliary verbs 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).
- Semantic Field
- Epistemology, daily communication, mathematics (known variables), and legal terminology.
هنوز نتیجه امتحان معلوم نیست.
— The exam result is not yet known.
In everyday Persian, معلوم is frequently used to express certainty or to point out the obvious. When someone says 'Ma'lum ast!' (It's obvious!), they are asserting that the information is so clear that it requires no further explanation. This word bridges the gap between simple identification and the philosophical concept of 'the manifest.' It is the opposite of majhul (unknown/passive), a pairing that is essential in Persian grammar (Active vs. Passive voice).
اسم او برای همه معلوم شد.
— His name became known to everyone.
The word also carries a weight of 'determination.' In mathematics, a 'ma'lum' is a known quantity, whereas an 'unknown' is 'majhul.' This distinction is taught to every Iranian student from a young age, embedding the word in the logic of problem-solving. Furthermore, in legal contexts, a 'ma'lum' person is one whose identity is legally verified. The versatility of this word allows it to function in a casual conversation about the weather ('Ma'lum nist baran biayad' - It's not clear if it will rain) just as easily as in a high-level academic discourse on phenomenology.
با این شواهد، حقیقت معلوم است.
— With this evidence, the truth is clear.
- Synonym Note
- 'Moshakhas' is often used interchangeably, but 'ma'lum' implies a state of being known rather than just being specified.
تکلیف من هنوز معلوم نشده است.
— My duty/situation has not been clarified yet.
از قیافهاش معلوم است که خسته است.
— It is clear from his face that he is tired.
Using معلوم correctly requires understanding its relationship with auxiliary verbs. The most common construction is [Subject] + معلوم + [Verb]. For example, 'Haghigat ma'lum shod' (The truth became known). It is also used as an impersonal predicate: 'Ma'lum ast ke...' (It is clear that...).
- As a Predicate: 'In mozu ma'lum ast.' (This matter is clear.)
- With 'Shodan': To describe the process of discovery. 'Dozd ma'lum shod.' (The thief was identified.)
- With 'Kardan': To clarify or identify something. 'Lotfan vafte jalase ra ma'lum konid.' (Please clarify/set the meeting time.)
In formal writing, معلوم appears in the phrase 'vajebe-al-ma'lum' (necessary to be known), though this is rare in modern speech. In grammar, 'Fe'l-e Ma'lum' refers to the Active Voice, where the doer of the action is known and specified in the sentence. This is a crucial concept for students of Persian linguistics.
You will encounter معلوم in various settings:
- Daily Conversations: Used to express 'Of course' (Ma'lume!) or 'It's obvious.' It's the go-to word for reacting to something self-evident.
- News and Media: Reporters use it when discussing investigation results. 'Hanooz ellat-e hadese ma'lum nist.' (The cause of the accident is not yet known.)
- Classrooms: Teachers use it in math (knowns vs. unknowns) and grammar (active voice).
- Legal/Official Settings: Used to describe identified suspects or clear contractual terms.
In Persian cinema and literature, the word often carries a dramatic weight—the moment of 'ma'lum shodan' is the climax where secrets are revealed.
One common mistake for learners is confusing معلوم with مشخص (moshakhas). While they overlap, moshakhas implies something has been 'specified' or 'pointed out,' whereas ma'lum implies it has become 'known' or 'evident.' For example, you 'moshakhas' a date for a party, but the winner of a race 'ma'lum' becomes known.
Another error is using معلوم to mean 'transparent' (like glass). For physical transparency, use shaffaf. معلوم is for information and facts. Lastly, avoid overusing 'Ma'lume!' in formal settings as it can sound slightly dismissive, as if you are saying 'Duh, obviously!'
Several words share the semantic space with معلوم:
- آشکار (Ashkar): Manifest, visible, overt. Used for things that are physically or clearly visible.
- واضح (Vazeh): Clear, distinct. Often used for sounds, images, or explanations.
- بدیهی (Badihi): Self-evident, axiomatic. Used for logical truths that need no proof.
- پیدا (Peyda): Found, visible. More colloquial than 'ma'lum.'
- هویدا (Hoveyda): Apparent, conspicuous. A more poetic and formal synonym.
Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about a fact (ma'lum), a physical sight (ashkar/peyda), or a logical necessity (badihi).
How Formal Is It?
कठिनाई स्तर
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
Active vs Passive Voice
Impersonal constructions (It is...)
Adjective-Noun agreement (Ezafe)
Subjunctive mood after uncertainty
Auxiliary verb conjugation
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
اسم او معلوم است.
His name is known.
Simple adjective use with 'ast'.
ساعت کلاس معلوم نیست.
The class time is not known.
Negative form 'ma'lum nist'.
آیا نتیجه معلوم شد؟
Is the result known (now)?
Use with 'shodan' in past tense.
همه چیز معلوم است.
Everything is clear.
Subject 'hame chiz' (everything).
معلوم نیست کجاست.
It's not known where he/it is.
Impersonal use.
این موضوع معلوم بود.
This matter was known/obvious.
Past tense 'bud'.
معلومه که میام!
Of course I'm coming!
Colloquial 'ma'lume' (ma'lum ast).
قیمت غذا معلوم است.
The food price is known.
Noun phrase subject.
بالاخره برنده معلوم شد.
Finally, the winner became known.
Adverb 'belakhare' (finally).
معلوم است که تو خستهای.
It's obvious that you are tired.
Ma'lum ast ke + clause.
هنوز معلوم نیست کی میآید.
It's not yet known when he is coming.
Adverb 'hanooz' (yet).
آیا جای نشستن معلوم است؟
Is the seating place identified?
Compound subject 'jay-e neshastan'.
معلوم شد که او دروغ میگفت.
It became clear that he was lying.
Past continuous in the sub-clause.
از حرفهایش معلوم بود که ناراحت است.
It was clear from his words that he was upset.
Prepositional phrase 'az harf-hayash'.
تکلیف خانه برای فردا معلوم است.
The homework for tomorrow is known.
Specific noun 'taklif-e khane'.
معلوم نیست چرا رفت.
It's not known why he left.
Question word 'chera' in sub-clause.
باید علت اصلی مشکل معلوم شود.
The main cause of the problem must be identified.
Subjunctive 'shavad' after 'bayad'.
تا فردا همه چیز معلوم خواهد شد.
By tomorrow, everything will become known.
Future tense 'khahad shod'.
معلوم نیست که آیا او پیشنهاد را میپذیرد یا نه.
It is not known whether he will accept the offer or not.
Whether... or not (aya... ya na).
در این کتاب، حقایق زیادی معلوم شده است.
In this book, many truths have been revealed.
Present perfect 'ma'lum shode ast'.
از شواهد معلوم است که او بیگناه است.
From the evidence, it is clear that he is innocent.
Evidence-based reasoning.
هنوز معلوم نکردهاند که چه کسی رئیس است.
They haven't clarified yet who the boss is.
Active 'ma'lum kardan' (to clarify).
معلوم بود که او از قبل خبر داشت.
It was obvious that he knew beforehand.
Past perfect implication.
با یک نگاه معلوم میشود که این فرش قدیمی است.
With one look, it becomes clear that this carpet is old.
Instrumental 'ba yek negah'.
سرنوشت این پروژه هنوز معلوم نیست.
The fate of this project is not yet known.
Abstract subject 'sarnevesht'.
معلوم نیست که این سیاستها چه نتیجهای خواهند داشت.
It's not clear what results these policies will have.
Complex sub-clause.
او سعی کرد حقیقت را معلوم کند.
He tried to make the truth known.
Infinitive 'ma'lum kardan'.
از طرز برخوردش معلوم بود که حرفم را باور نکرده است.
It was clear from his behavior that he hadn't believed my word.
Past perfect in sub-clause.
معلوم شدنِ این راز، زندگی او را تغییر داد.
The revealing of this secret changed his life.
Gerund 'ma'lum shodan-e'.
در ریاضیات، باید مجهول را از روی معلوم پیدا کرد.
In mathematics, one must find the unknown from the known.
Technical terminology.
معلوم نیست چرا دولت این تصمیم را گرفت.
It's not clear why the government made this decision.
Political context.
اگر حقیقت معلوم شود، همه خوشحال میشوند.
If the truth becomes known, everyone will be happy.
Conditional type 1.
ابعاد گسترده این فاجعه هنوز به طور کامل معلوم نشده است.
The vast dimensions of this catastrophe are not yet fully known.
Adverbial phrase 'be towr-e kamel'.
معلوم نیست که آیا این نظریه در عمل هم پاسخگو باشد.
It is not clear whether this theory will be effective in practice.
Subjunctive 'bashad' expressing doubt.
نویسنده با ظرافت، نیت اصلی قهرمان را معلوم میکند.
The author subtly makes the hero's main intention known.
Literary analysis.
معلوم بودنِ اهداف، اولین قدم برای موفقیت است.
The clarity of goals is the first step to success.
Noun form of the adjective phrase.
از قراین و شواهد معلوم میگردد که جرمی رخ داده است.
From the circumstances and evidence, it becomes clear that a crime has occurred.
Formal verb 'ma'lum migardad'.
معلوم نیست که این بحران تا کی ادامه یابد.
It is not clear how long this crisis will continue.
Subjunctive for future uncertainty.
او با ادله محکم، اشتباهات رقیب را معلوم ساخت.
With strong arguments, he made the rival's mistakes known.
Formal 'ma'lum sakht'.
در متون کلاسیک، تمایز بین معلوم و مجهول بسیار ظریف است.
In classical texts, the distinction between the known and the unknown is very subtle.
Philosophical context.
معلوم نیست که آیا اراده آزاد در یک جهان قانونمند معنا دارد یا خیر.
It is not clear whether free will has meaning in a deterministic universe or not.
Philosophical inquiry.
تبیینِ امرِ معلوم در فلسفه اشراق، جایگاه ویژهای دارد.
The explanation of the 'known' has a special place in Illuminationist philosophy.
Highly academic terminology.
معلوم گشتنِ حقایقِ پنهان، مستلزمِ شهودِ قلبی است.
The becoming known of hidden truths requires spiritual intuition.
Archaic/Poetic 'gashtan'.
او با تحلیلِ ساختاری، لایههایِ معلومِ متن را به چالش کشید.
With structural analysis, he challenged the known layers of the text.
Literary criticism.
معلوم نیست که غایتِ نهاییِ این تحولاتِ تاریخی چه خواهد بود.
It is not clear what the ultimate end of these historical developments will be.
Teleological discussion.
در فقه، مالِ معلوم باید از نظرِ مقدار و کیفیت مشخص باشد.
In jurisprudence, 'known property' must be specified in terms of quantity and quality.
Legal/Religious jargon.
معلوم نیست که مرزِ بینِ واقعیت و خیال در این اثر کجاست.
It is not clear where the boundary between reality and fantasy lies in this work.
Aesthetic analysis.
او با استدلالهایِ اپیستمولوژیک، چیستیِ معلوم را زیرِ سؤال برد.
With epistemological arguments, he questioned the nature of the 'known'.
Epistemology.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
In modern Tehran dialect, the 'u' in 'ma'lum' is sometimes shortened or the 'ayn' is dropped entirely, sounding like 'maloom'.
- Using 'ma'lum' instead of 'shaffaf' for physical transparency.
- Confusing 'ma'lum' with 'ma'ruf' (famous).
- Forgetting to use 'ke' after 'ma'lum ast' when followed by a clause.
- Using 'ma'lum' to mean 'certain' in the sense of 'confident' (use 'motma'en' instead).
- Pronouncing it without the slight glottal stop, making it sound like 'maloom' (though common in slang, it's better to learn the standard).
सुझाव
Using with Shodan
When you use 'ma'lum shodan', you are describing a change from unknown to known. It is very common in news reports about investigations. Always conjugate 'shodan' to match the tense of the discovery.
The 'Of Course' reaction
If someone asks you a question with an obvious answer, say 'Ma'lume!' with a smile. It makes you sound like a native speaker. Just be careful not to sound sarcastic.
The Root Connection
Connecting 'ma'lum' to 'elm' (science) and 'mo'allem' (teacher) helps you remember it. A teacher makes things 'ma'lum' for students. Science is the study of the 'ma'lum' world.
Formal Alternatives
In academic writing, instead of 'ma'lum ast', try using 'moshakhas migardad' or 'vazeh ast'. This elevates the register of your Persian essay.
Catching the Glottal Stop
The 'ayn' in the middle of 'ma'lum' is a slight break. Practice saying 'ma-loom' with a tiny pause in the middle to sound more authentic.
Not for Glass
Never use 'ma'lum' to describe a window or clear water. Use 'shaffaf'. 'Ma'lum' is for the mind, 'shaffaf' is for the eyes.
Math Link
If you like math, remember 'ma'lum' as the numbers you already have in the equation. They are 'known' to you.
Legal Context
In legal Persian, 'ma'lum' is used to describe items or persons that have been officially identified. It is a very precise term in that context.
Poetic Contrast
In poetry, use 'ma'lum' to contrast with 'asrar' (secrets). It creates a nice balance between the seen and the unseen.
Household Use
Use it when looking for things: 'Hanooz ma'lum nist kelyidha kojast' (It's not yet known where the keys are).
याद करें
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Arabic loanword
सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
Using 'Ma'lume' can sometimes be perceived as slightly aggressive or impatient depending on the tone.
Every Iranian student learns 'Ma'lum vs Majhul' in the 4th or 5th grade.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"آیا معلوم است که فردا چه ساعتی میرسیم؟"
"معلوم نیست چرا هوا اینقدر گرم شده، نه؟"
"به نظر تو نتیجه انتخابات از قبل معلوم بود؟"
"معلوم هست داری چیکار میکنی؟"
"کی معلوم میشود که قبول شدهایم؟"
डायरी विषय
امروز چه چیزی برایت معلوم شد که قبلاً نمیدانستی؟
درباره زمانی بنویس که حقیقت برایت معلوم شد.
آیا ترجیح میدهی آیندهات معلوم باشد یا مجهول؟
یک لیست از چیزهایی که در زندگیات معلوم هستند تهیه کن.
چگونه میتوان معلوم کرد که کسی راست میگوید؟
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालMa'lum refers to something being known or evident, often as a result of discovery. Moshakhas refers to something being specifically designated or defined. You 'moshakhas' a date, but the truth 'ma'lum' becomes known.
It is better to use 'safi' or 'pak' for a clear sky. Ma'lum is used for information or facts, not usually for physical transparency or weather clarity unless you mean 'it is clear that it will rain'.
It is common in daily speech but can be slightly informal or even blunt. In a very formal setting, 'Ma'lum ast' or 'Vazeh ast' is preferred over the shortened 'Ma'lume'.
In Persian grammar, the active voice is called 'Fe'l-e Ma'lum' (the known verb), because the doer of the action is known.
The direct opposite is 'Majhul' (unknown/passive) or 'Namalum' (uncertain/not known).
No, for 'famous' you should use 'ma'ruf' or 'mashhur'. Ma'lum just means identified or known as a fact.
Yes, it is an Arabic loanword from the root ع-ل-م, but it is used very naturally in Persian and is considered a core word.
In an equation like x + 2 = 5, '2' and '5' are 'ma'lum' (knowns) and 'x' is 'majhul' (the unknown).
Yes, 'Ma'lum ast' is the most common way to say 'It is obvious' in Persian.
Yes, 'Hoviyat-e u ma'lum shod' means 'His identity was identified/became known'.
खुद को परखो 180 सवाल
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Ma'lum is a versatile Persian adjective that moves from simple 'known' facts to expressing 'obviousness' and 'clarity.' It is essential for both basic communication and technical fields like math and grammar.
- Ma'lum means 'known' or 'clear' and is used for facts, identities, and obvious situations in daily Persian speech.
- It is commonly paired with 'shodan' (to become) to indicate something has been discovered or clarified.
- The phrase 'Ma'lume ke...' is a very common way to say 'Of course' or 'It's obvious that' in informal conversation.
- In grammar and math, it refers to the active voice and known variables, respectively, contrasting with 'majhul'.
Using with Shodan
When you use 'ma'lum shodan', you are describing a change from unknown to known. It is very common in news reports about investigations. Always conjugate 'shodan' to match the tense of the discovery.
The 'Of Course' reaction
If someone asks you a question with an obvious answer, say 'Ma'lume!' with a smile. It makes you sound like a native speaker. Just be careful not to sound sarcastic.
The Root Connection
Connecting 'ma'lum' to 'elm' (science) and 'mo'allem' (teacher) helps you remember it. A teacher makes things 'ma'lum' for students. Science is the study of the 'ma'lum' world.
Formal Alternatives
In academic writing, instead of 'ma'lum ast', try using 'moshakhas migardad' or 'vazeh ast'. This elevates the register of your Persian essay.
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
संबंधित ग्रामर रूल्स
संबंधित मुहावरे
general के और शब्द
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1'عادی' शब्द का अर्थ 'सामान्य' या 'साधारण' है। उदाहरण: 'एक सामान्य दिन' (یک روز عادی)।
عافیت
B2कल्याण, कुशलता; स्वास्थ्य और सुरक्षा की स्थिति। छींकने के बाद अक्सर आशीर्वाद के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है।
عاجل
B2अति आवश्यक; जिसे तत्काल ध्यान या कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता हो। जैसे: 'ताज़ा समाचार' या 'शीघ्र स्वस्थ होना' ।
عاقبت
C1परिणाम या अंत। 'عاقبت उसे सफलता मिली।' (अंततः उसे सफलता मिली।)
عاقل
A1बुद्धिमान, समझदार। वह व्यक्ति जो विवेकपूर्ण निर्णय लेता है।
عالمگیر
C1विश्वव्यापी या सार्वभौमिक; जो पूरी दुनिया में फैला हो।
عالی
A1फारसी में 'Aali' का अर्थ है 'उत्कृष्ट' या 'बहुत बढ़िया' ।
عام
B1'Am' शब्द का अर्थ है 'सामान्य' या 'सार्वजनिक' ।
اعم از
B2सहित; चाहे वह... या... (विकल्पों को पेश करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है)।
