A2 Determiners 1 min read आसान

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Бұл' for things near you, 'Сол' for things nearby or mentioned, and 'Ол' for things far away.

  • Бұл (this): Use for items within arm's reach. Example: Бұл - кітап (This is a book).
  • Сол (that): Use for items previously mentioned or near the listener. Example: Сол - қалам (That pen).
  • Ол (that over there): Use for distant objects. Example: Ол - үй (That house over there).
Demonstrative + Noun + (optional copula)

Meanings

Demonstratives are used to identify specific objects or people based on their physical distance from the speaker or their presence in the conversation.

1

Spatial Proximity

Indicating physical distance.

“Бұл - алма.”

“Сол - есік.”

2

Discourse Reference

Referring to something previously mentioned.

“Сол кітапты оқыдым.”

“Ол адамды танимын.”

Demonstrative Usage Table

Demonstrative Meaning Distance Example
Бұл This Near Бұл - қалам
Сол That Mid/Context Сол - қалам
Ол That (over there) Far Ол - қалам

Reference Table

Reference table for Demonstrative Usage
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Бұл + Noun Бұл - үй
Negative Бұл + Noun + емес Бұл - үй емес
Question Бұл + Noun + ба? Бұл - үй ме?
Plural Бұлар + Noun Бұлар - үйлер
Distant Ол + Noun Ол - үй
Contextual Сол + Noun Сол - үй

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
Бұл - менің үйім.

Бұл - менің үйім. (Introduction)

तटस्थ
Бұл - менің үйім.

Бұл - менің үйім. (Introduction)

अनौपचारिक
Бұл - менің үйім.

Бұл - менің үйім. (Introduction)

बोलचाल
Мынау - менің үйім.

Мынау - менің үйім. (Introduction)

Distance Scale

Speaker

Close

  • Бұл This

Mid

  • Сол That

Far

  • Ол That over there

Examples by Level

1

Бұл - алма.

This is an apple.

2

Ол - үй.

That is a house.

3

Бұл - менің досым.

This is my friend.

4

Ол - мектеп.

That is a school.

1

Сол - менің кітабым.

That is my book.

2

Бұл - жақсы күн.

This is a good day.

3

Ол - үлкен қала.

That is a big city.

4

Сол - сенің сөмкең бе?

Is that your bag?

1

Сол оқиғадан кейін бәрі өзгерді.

After that event, everything changed.

2

Бұл мәселені шешу керек.

This problem must be solved.

3

Ол жақта ауа райы қандай?

What is the weather like over there?

4

Сол адамды танисың ба?

Do you know that person?

1

Бұл жобаның мақсаты - сапаны арттыру.

The goal of this project is to increase quality.

2

Сол кезде біз басқа қалада едік.

At that time, we were in another city.

3

Ол - менің ең сүйікті фильмім.

That is my favorite movie.

4

Сол айтқан сөздерің есімде.

I remember those words you said.

1

Бұл тұрғыдан алғанда, шешім дұрыс.

From this perspective, the decision is correct.

2

Сол уақыттан бері ол өзгерген жоқ.

Since that time, he hasn't changed.

3

Ол - тарихтың маңызды бөлігі.

That is an important part of history.

4

Бұл - өте күрделі мәселе.

This is a very complex issue.

1

Сол кезеңдегі әдебиет өте бай болды.

The literature of that period was very rich.

2

Бұл - біздің мәдени мұрамыз.

This is our cultural heritage.

3

Ол - алыс болашақтың еншісі.

That belongs to the distant future.

4

Сол сәтте бәрі тынышталды.

At that moment, everything became quiet.

Easily Confused

Demonstrative Usage बनाम Бұл vs Мынау

Both mean 'this', but 'Мынау' is more colloquial.

Demonstrative Usage बनाम Сол vs Анау

Both refer to things away from the speaker.

Demonstrative Usage बनाम Ол vs Ана

Both mean 'that'.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Ол - кітап (holding it)

Бұл - кітап

Use Бұл for items near you.

Бұл - тау (far away)

Ол - тау

Use Ол for distant objects.

Сол - алма (my apple)

Бұл - алма

Use Бұл for your own items.

Бұл - кітаптар (plural)

Бұлар - кітаптар

Use plural form for plural nouns.

Ол - менің досым емес

Ол - менің досым емес

Wait, this is correct, but check the context.

Бұл - кешегі күн

Сол - кешегі күн

Use Сол for past references.

Сол - үй ма?

Сол - үй ме?

Check vowel harmony.

Бұл адамды танисың ба?

Сол адамды танисың ба?

Use Сол for someone previously mentioned.

Ол - менің ойымша

Бұл - менің ойымша

Use Бұл for your own opinion.

Бұлар - олар

Бұлар - олар

Technically correct but awkward.

Бұл - тарих

Сол - тарих

Use Сол for historical context.

Ол - маңызды

Бұл - маңызды

Use Бұл for current topics.

Сол - менің үйім

Бұл - менің үйім

Use Бұл for your own home.

Бұл - ешкім емес

Ол - ешкім емес

Use Ол for distant people.

Sentence Patterns

Бұл ___.

Сол ___ менікі емес.

Ол ___ өте алыс.

Бұл ___ туралы не ойлайсың?

Real World Usage

Shopping very common

Бұл қанша тұрады?

Texting constant

Сол жерде кездесеміз.

Job Interview common

Бұл жоба маған ұнайды.

Travel common

Ол - біздің қонақ үй.

Food Delivery common

Сол мекенжайға апарыңыз.

Social Media constant

Бұл - менің жаңа суретім.

💡

Use your hands

When learning, physically point to objects to reinforce the distance concept.
⚠️

Don't over-use Ол

Only use Ол for things far away. If it's near, use Бұл.
🎯

Context is key

Use Сол for anything you mentioned in the last sentence.
💬

Respectful pointing

In Kazakh culture, pointing with one finger can be rude; use your whole hand.

Smart Tips

If you are holding it, use Бұл. If you are pointing at it, use Ол.

Ол - менің қаламым (holding it) Бұл - менің қаламым (holding it)

Always use Сол for things discussed earlier.

Ол оқиға қызық болды. Сол оқиға қызық болды.

Use Мына кісі for respect.

Бұл - менің атам. Мына кісі - менің атам.

Ensure your intonation rises.

Бұл үй ме. Бұл үй ме?

उच्चारण

Бұл - үй (ü), Сол - қалам (a)

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the copula matches the noun's vowels.

Question

Бұл - үй ме? ↑

Rising intonation at the end.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Бұл is near, Сол is there, Ол is far, you're doing great!

Visual Association

Imagine holding an apple (Бұл), pointing to a friend's apple (Сол), and looking at an apple tree far away (Ол).

Rhyme

Бұл is near, Сол is near-ish, Ол is far, that's the wish!

Story

I hold this pen (Бұл). I point to your pen (Сол). I see a pen on the mountain (Ол).

Word Web

БұлСолОлБұларСоларОлар

चैलेंज

Point to 3 things in your room and name them using Бұл, Сол, and Ол.

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

Using 'Бұл' for elders is polite, but 'Мына кісі' is more respectful.

These demonstratives are Proto-Turkic in origin.

Conversation Starters

Бұл не?

Сол кітап сенікі ме?

Ол жақта не бар?

Сол оқиғаны естідің бе?

Journal Prompts

Describe three things on your desk using Бұл.
Describe a place you visited using Ол.
Discuss a recent conversation using Сол.
Compare your current city with a distant one.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ - менің үйім (near).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Бұл is for near objects.
Choose the correct word. बहुविकल्पी

___ - тау (far away).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ол
Ол is for far objects.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ол - менің қаламым (holding it).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл - менің қаламым
Use Бұл for items in hand.
Rearrange the words. Sentence Building

кітап / бұл / менің

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл менің кітабым
Standard order is Demonstrative + Possessive + Noun.
Match the demonstrative to the distance. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Near, Mid, Far
Correct distance mapping.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Бұл не? B: ___ - кітап.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Answer should mirror the question.
Make negative. Sentence Transformation

Бұл - үй.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл - үй емес
Add емес for negation.
True or False? True False Rule

Сол is used for distant objects.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Ол is for distant objects.

Score: /8

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ - менің үйім (near).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Бұл is for near objects.
Choose the correct word. बहुविकल्पी

___ - тау (far away).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ол
Ол is for far objects.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ол - менің қаламым (holding it).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл - менің қаламым
Use Бұл for items in hand.
Rearrange the words. Sentence Building

кітап / бұл / менің

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл менің кітабым
Standard order is Demonstrative + Possessive + Noun.
Match the demonstrative to the distance. Match Pairs

Match: Бұл, Сол, Ол

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Near, Mid, Far
Correct distance mapping.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Бұл не? B: ___ - кітап.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Answer should mirror the question.
Make negative. Sentence Transformation

Бұл - үй.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл - үй емес
Add емес for negation.
True or False? True False Rule

Сол is used for distant objects.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Ол is for distant objects.

Score: /8

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

Yes, but it's more polite to use 'Мына кісі'.

Бұл is standard; Мынау is colloquial.

Yes, they take case endings like any other noun.

Yes: Бұлар, Солар, Олар.

When referring to something already mentioned.

Yes, they modify nouns directly.

Yes, they can stand alone as pronouns.

It affects the copula and case endings.

In Other Languages

Spanish high

este/ese/aquel

Spanish has gender agreement, Kazakh does not.

Japanese high

kore/sore/are

Japanese particles are more complex.

German moderate

dieser/jener

German requires case and gender agreement.

French moderate

ce/cette/celui-ci

French is gender-based.

Arabic moderate

hatha/thalika

Arabic has dual and plural forms.

Chinese low

zhe/na

Chinese lacks the mid-distance 'Сол' equivalent.

Was this helpful?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!