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C1 verb 13 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

podważać

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव podważać 30 सेकंड में
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इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

podważać 30 सेकंड में

  • Podważać means to weaken, erode, or cast doubt on something.
  • It implies a gradual process of diminishing strength or credibility.
  • Used for abstract concepts like ideas, beliefs, and authority.
  • Often contrasted with strengthening or confirming.
The Polish verb "podważać" is a versatile word that, at its core, means to weaken, erode, or cast doubt on something. It implies a gradual process of diminishing the strength, credibility, or validity of an idea, argument, authority, or even a physical object. It's not about outright destruction, but rather a subtle or persistent undermining that can lead to collapse or disbelief. Think of it as chipping away at something, making it less stable and more questionable. It can be used in a wide range of contexts, from discussing political stability and economic policies to questioning scientific findings or personal beliefs. The nuance lies in the idea of making something less firm, less reliable, or less accepted than it once was. It suggests a process where the foundations are being weakened, making the entire structure vulnerable. This can happen through direct criticism, by presenting counter-evidence, or by persistently highlighting flaws and inconsistencies. In essence, "podważać" describes the act of making something less secure, less trusted, or less authoritative. It’s a word that often appears when discussing debates, investigations, or situations where established truths or positions are being challenged. The feeling it conveys is one of gradual erosion, where the strength or certainty of something is being systematically reduced. It's a key term for understanding discussions about credibility, trust, and the challenges to established norms or beliefs. The act of "podważanie" can be intentional and malicious, or it can be an unintentional consequence of scrutiny and questioning. The impact of "podważać" can range from minor skepticism to complete disillusionment, depending on the object being undermined and the persistence of the action. It’s a dynamic verb that captures the ongoing process of questioning and weakening.
Literal Meaning
To pry under, to lever up, to loosen from below. This physical sense is the origin of the more abstract meanings.
Abstract Meanings
To weaken, to undermine, to erode, to cast doubt on, to question the validity of, to challenge the credibility of.
Contexts of Use
Discussions about politics, economics, science, law, personal beliefs, relationships, and any situation where authority or certainty is being questioned.

Nowe dowody zaczęły podważać wcześniejsze ustalenia śledztwa.

New evidence began to undermine the earlier findings of the investigation.

Jego ciągłe krytykowanie podważa autorytet nauczyciela w oczach uczniów.

His constant criticism undermines the teacher's authority in the eyes of the students.
The verb "podważać" is typically used with a direct object, which is the thing being undermined or questioned. The most common structure is Subject + podważać + Object. The object can be abstract, like an idea, a belief, a reputation, or a theory, or it can be more concrete, like the stability of a structure or the validity of evidence. It's often used in the imperfective aspect (podważać) to describe an ongoing process or a repeated action, and in the perfective aspect (podważyć) to describe a completed action or a single instance of undermining. For example, "Jego argumenty podważają naszą dotychczasową wiedzę" (His arguments undermine our current knowledge) uses the imperfective to show a continuous effect. On the other hand, "Jedno zdanie podważyło całą jego teorię" (One sentence undermined his entire theory) uses the perfective to indicate a decisive moment. You will frequently encounter "podważać" in discussions about journalism, where the media might be accused of undermining public trust, or in legal contexts, where evidence might be used to undermine a witness's testimony. In academic settings, research findings can be used to podważać existing theories. It’s also common to hear it in political discourse, where one party might accuse another of trying to podważać the government's authority or the nation's stability. The verb can also be used reflexively with 'się', meaning to undermine oneself, though this is less common. For instance, "Nie powinienem podważać własnych decyzji" (I shouldn't undermine my own decisions). When discussing physical objects, it might refer to weakening the foundations of a building or loosening a bolt, though this is a more literal and less frequent usage in everyday conversation compared to its abstract meanings. The key is to identify what is being made less secure or less credible. Pay attention to the context to understand the specific nuance of 'undermining' being conveyed. The choice between imperfective and perfective aspect is crucial for conveying the temporal aspect of the action, whether it's a gradual process or a single, impactful event. The object of 'podważać' is typically in the accusative case.

Naukowcy próbują podważać stare hipotezy nowymi badaniami.

Scientists are trying to undermine old hypotheses with new research.

Jego obrona była tak słaba, że zaczęła podważać jego niewinność.

His defense was so weak that it began to cast doubt on his innocence.

Plotki zaczęły podważać zaufanie do lokalnych władz.

Rumors began to undermine trust in the local authorities.

Niektórzy uważają, że ta ustawa podważa podstawowe prawa obywatelskie.

Some believe that this law undermines basic civil rights.
Subject-Verb-Object Structure
The most common grammatical construction is: [Subject] + podważać/podważyć + [Object in Accusative Case]. This highlights the agent performing the action and the thing being affected.
Aspects: Imperfective vs. Perfective
Use 'podważać' (imperfective) for ongoing, repeated, or incomplete actions of undermining. Use 'podważyć' (perfective) for a single, completed action that successfully undermines something.
You'll frequently encounter "podważać" in news reports, political debates, and academic discussions. In journalism, it's common to hear about how certain actions or statements might "podważać" public trust or the credibility of institutions. For example, a news anchor might say, "Te doniesienia mogą podważać zaufanie obywateli do rządu" (These reports could undermine citizens' trust in the government). In political arenas, politicians often accuse their opponents of trying to "podważać" their authority, their policies, or the national interest. A politician might declare, "Próby podważenia naszej suwerenności są nie do przyjęcia" (Attempts to undermine our sovereignty are unacceptable). Academic circles use "podważać" when discussing research that challenges existing theories or findings. A professor might explain, "Nasze najnowsze odkrycia podważają dotychczasowe rozumienie tego zjawiska" (Our latest discoveries undermine the current understanding of this phenomenon). Legal professionals might use it to describe how evidence is being used to "podważać" the testimony of a witness or the validity of a contract. For instance, a lawyer might argue, "Przedstawione dowody podważają wiarygodność świadka" (The presented evidence undermines the witness's credibility). Beyond formal settings, you might hear it in everyday conversations when people discuss questioning someone's motives, doubting a friend's story, or expressing skepticism about a new trend. For example, someone might say, "Jego dziwne zachowanie zaczęło podważać moje zaufanie do niego" (His strange behavior started to undermine my trust in him). It's a word that signifies a challenge to stability, certainty, or authority, making it a staple in discussions about critique, skepticism, and the erosion of established beliefs or structures. The contexts are broad, but the core meaning of weakening or casting doubt remains consistent. The verb is particularly prevalent in discussions related to institutions, policies, and intellectual endeavors where the concept of established truth or authority is central.

Dziennikarz zapytał, czy nowe przepisy nie podważą niezależność sądownictwa.

The journalist asked if the new regulations would not undermine the independence of the judiciary.

Politycy często zarzucają sobie nawzajem próby podważania autorytetu rządu.

Politicians often accuse each other of attempts to undermine the government's authority.

W dyskusji akademickiej pojawiły się argumenty, które zaczęły podważać tę teorię.

In the academic discussion, arguments emerged that began to undermine this theory.

Nawet drobne błędy w zeznaniach mogą podważyć całą sprawę.

Even minor errors in testimony can undermine the entire case.
Media and Public Discourse
Commonly used when discussing the impact of news, social media, or public opinion on trust and credibility of individuals or institutions.
Academic and Scientific Contexts
Appears in discussions about challenging established theories, research findings, and scientific paradigms.
Legal and Political Settings
Used to describe the weakening of arguments, evidence, authority, or legitimacy.
A common mistake for learners is confusing "podważać" with words that imply direct destruction or outright denial, rather than gradual weakening or casting doubt. For example, mistaking it for "niszczyć" (to destroy) or "obalac" (to overthrow) would miss the subtle nuance of "podważać." While "podważać" can lead to destruction or overthrow, its primary meaning is the process of weakening or making questionable. Another pitfall is misusing the aspect. Using the perfective "podważyć" when an ongoing process is meant, or vice versa, can significantly alter the meaning. For instance, saying "On podważył moje zaufanie" (He undermined my trust - a completed action) is different from "On podważa moje zaufanie" (He is undermining my trust - an ongoing process). Learners might also struggle with the correct case for the object. "Podważać" typically takes the accusative case, so forgetting to decline the noun or pronoun correctly can lead to grammatical errors. For example, it should be "podważać teorię" (accusative), not "podważać teoria" (nominative). Overuse of the literal meaning (prying something open) in abstract contexts can also be a mistake. While the word originates from a physical action, its most frequent use is metaphorical. Relying too heavily on the physical sense might lead to awkward or incorrect phrasing in abstract discussions. Finally, learners might confuse it with similar-sounding verbs that have different meanings, such as "podawać" (to give, to serve) or "podważać" (which is the same word, but learners might confuse it with a different verb entirely due to similar prefixes or roots). Always consider the context to ensure you are using the word appropriately. The key is to remember that "podważać" is about reducing strength, credibility, or certainty, not about direct elimination.

BŁĄD: Jego słowa zniszczyły moją reputację.

MISTAKE: His words destroyed my reputation. (Too strong, implies complete ruin rather than casting doubt).

POPRAWNIE: Jego słowa zaczęły podważać moją reputację.

CORRECT: His words began to undermine my reputation. (More accurate for gradual doubt).

BŁĄD: On podważył ich wszystkie decyzje wczoraj.

MISTAKE: He undermined all their decisions yesterday. (Implies a single, decisive action when an ongoing process might be intended).

POPRAWNIE: On podważał ich wszystkie decyzje wczoraj.

CORRECT: He was undermining all their decisions yesterday. (Suggests a repeated or continuous action).
Confusion with Destruction Verbs
Mistaking "podważać" for verbs like "niszczyć" (to destroy) or "obalac" (to overthrow) is common. "Podważać" implies weakening or casting doubt, not necessarily complete annihilation.
Incorrect Aspect Usage
Using the perfective aspect ('podważyć') for an ongoing process or the imperfective ('podważać') for a single completed action can change the intended meaning significantly.
Grammatical Case Errors
Forgetting that the object of "podważać" requires the accusative case (e.g., "podważać zasady" instead of "podważać zasady") is a frequent grammatical error.
When "podważać" feels too strong or not quite right, several alternatives can be used, each with its own subtle shades of meaning. If you want to express a more direct challenge or opposition, "kwestionować" (to question) is a good choice. It focuses on raising doubts or challenging the validity of something, often through direct inquiry or argument. For example, "Kwestionuję jego motywy" (I question his motives) is similar to "Podważam jego motywy" but might imply a more direct confrontation of those motives. To express outright denial or refutation, "zaprzeczać" (to deny) is used. This is a stronger word than "podważać" and implies a firm rejection of a statement or claim. If the focus is on weakening the foundation or structure of something, "osłabiać" (to weaken) is a suitable alternative. This can apply to both physical structures and abstract concepts like an argument or a position. For instance, "Osłabiać argument" (to weaken an argument) is closely related to "podważać argument." When the intent is to discredit or damage someone's reputation, "dyskwalifikować" (to disqualify) or "szkodzić" (to harm) might be used, though "podważać" often precedes these stronger actions. "Podważać zaufanie" (to undermine trust) is a common phrase, and alternatives could include "niszczyć zaufanie" (to destroy trust) which is more severe, or "wzbudzać nieufność" (to arouse distrust), which is similar in effect. In a more formal or academic context, "podkopywać" can be used, often with a sense of secret or insidious undermining, similar to "undermine" in English. For example, "podkopywać autorytet" (to undermine authority). It's important to distinguish "podważać" from verbs that imply direct destruction. "Niszczyć" (to destroy) means to cause something to cease to exist. "Obalać" (to overthrow) implies a forceful removal from power or a position. "Podważać" is about the process of making something less stable or credible, which may or may not lead to its destruction. When in doubt, consider the degree of impact: is it a subtle erosion of credibility, a direct challenge to validity, or outright destruction?
Kwestionować (to question)
Similar to "podważać" but often implies a more direct challenge or inquiry into the validity of something. Example: "Kwestionuję jego wersję wydarzeń." (I question his version of events.)
Osłabiać (to weaken)
Focuses on reducing the strength or force of something, whether physical or abstract. Example: "Ta strategia osłabia naszą pozycję na rynku." (This strategy weakens our market position.)
Zaprzeczać (to deny)
A stronger term indicating a firm rejection or contradiction of a statement or claim. Example: "Zaprzeczył wszystkim zarzutom." (He denied all accusations.)
Podkopywać (to undermine, often insidiously)
Suggests a more covert or subtle process of weakening, often with negative intent. Example: "Próbowali podkopać jego autorytet." (They tried to undermine his authority.)
Wzbudzać nieufność (to arouse distrust)
Focuses on the emotional or psychological effect of causing suspicion or doubt. Example: "Jego milczenie wzbudza nieufność." (His silence arouses distrust.)

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The prefix 'pod-' is common in Polish and often indicates a position 'under' or 'below', or a secondary or lesser degree of something. Combined with 'ważać' (related to weight or importance), 'podważać' literally suggests reducing the weight or importance from below, thus weakening it.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /pɔdˈva.ʐat͡ɕ/
US /pɔdˈva.ʐat͡ɕ/
The stress is on the second to last syllable: po-DVA-zhać.
तुकबंदी
podważać podważać podważać podważać podważać podważać podważać podważać
आम गलतियाँ
  • Mispronouncing the 'rz' sound, often as a simple 'r' or 'z'.
  • Not softening the final 'ć' sound, making it too harsh.
  • Incorrect stress placement, often on the first syllable.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 4.5/5

CEFR C1 level. Understanding 'podważać' requires grasping abstract concepts and nuances of weakening or casting doubt. It's frequently used in complex discussions about politics, science, and ethics, making it challenging for lower-level learners.

लिखना 4.5/5

Accurate use of 'podważać' in writing demands understanding of aspect (imperfective vs. perfective), correct case usage for the object, and appropriate contextual application to avoid confusion with stronger verbs like 'niszczyć'.

बोलना 4/5

Producing 'podważać' spontaneously in speech requires quick recall and accurate application of its abstract meanings and grammatical requirements, especially in nuanced discussions.

श्रवण 4/5

Recognizing 'podważać' in spoken Polish requires familiarity with its pronunciation and the ability to infer its meaning from context, as it often appears in complex sentences discussing abstract topics.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

słowo znaczenie siła wątpliwość krytyka argument zasada autorytet zaufanie teoria

आगे सीखें

kwestionować osłabiać podkopywać dyskwalifikować zaprzeczać wzmacniać potwierdzać umacniać budować

उन्नत

destabilizować rewizjonizm skeptycyzm demontować dekonstrukcja

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Accusative Case for Direct Objects

When 'podważać' takes a direct object, that object must be in the accusative case. For example, 'podważać teorię' (undermine the theory), not 'podważać teoria'.

Aspects: Imperfective vs. Perfective

Use 'podważać' (imperfective) for ongoing or repeated actions (e.g., 'On podważał moje decyzje') and 'podważyć' (perfective) for a single, completed action (e.g., 'Jego jedno słowo podważyło wszystko').

Use of Genitive Case with Certain Nouns

Phrases like 'podważać podstawy czegoś' or 'podważać ustalenia śledztwa' require the genitive case for the noun following 'podstawy' or 'ustalenia'.

Reflexive Verb 'Podważać się'

Less common, but 'podważać się' means to undermine oneself. 'Nie powinienem podważać własnych decyzji.' (I shouldn't undermine my own decisions.)

Conjugation Patterns

'Podważać' follows the typical conjugation pattern for verbs ending in '-ać', with variations in person, number, tense, and aspect.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

1

1

1

Nowe dowody zaczęły podważać wcześniejsze ustalenia śledztwa.

New evidence began to undermine the earlier findings of the investigation.

Imperfective aspect 'podważać' used to describe an ongoing process.

2

Jego ciągłe krytykowanie podważa autorytet nauczyciela w oczach uczniów.

His constant criticism undermines the teacher's authority in the eyes of the students.

'Autorytet' (authority) is in the accusative case, the direct object of 'podważa'.

3

Plotki zaczęły podważać zaufanie do lokalnych władz.

Rumors began to undermine trust in the local authorities.

'Zaufanie' (trust) is the direct object of 'podważać'.

4

Niektórzy uważają, że ta ustawa podważa podstawowe prawa obywatelskie.

Some believe that this law undermines basic civil rights.

'Prawa obywatelskie' (civil rights) is in the accusative case.

5

Dziennikarz zapytał, czy nowe przepisy nie podważą niezależności sądownictwa.

The journalist asked if the new regulations would not undermine the independence of the judiciary.

Perfective aspect 'podważą' used to inquire about a potential future completed action.

6

Politycy często zarzucają sobie nawzajem próby podważania autorytetu rządu.

Politicians often accuse each other of attempts to undermine the government's authority.

'Podważania' is a gerund form used after 'próby' (attempts).

7

W dyskusji akademickiej pojawiły się argumenty, które zaczęły podważać tę teorię.

In the academic discussion, arguments emerged that began to undermine this theory.

'Tę teorię' (this theory) is in the accusative case.

8

Nawet drobne błędy w zeznaniach mogą podważyć całą sprawę.

Even minor errors in testimony can undermine the entire case.

Perfective aspect 'podważyć' used for a potential single impactful event.

1

समानार्थी शब्द

kwestionować osłabiać podkopywać dyskwalifikować zaprzeczać wzbudzać wątpliwości rozmywać podważać zaufanie

विलोम शब्द

wzmacniać potwierdzać umacniać budować

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

podważać zaufanie
podważać autorytet
podważać teorię
podważać argument
podważać podstawy
podważać ustalenia
podważać wiarygodność
podważać sens
podważać morale
podważać zasady

सामान्य वाक्यांश

podważać czyjeś zaufanie

— To cause someone to lose trust in a person or entity.

Jego nieuczciwość podważyła moje zaufanie do niego na zawsze.

podważać fundamenty

— To weaken the basic principles or core elements of something, often metaphorically.

Te zmiany podważają fundamenty naszej kultury.

podważać sens istnienia

— To question the purpose or meaning of life or existence.

Po tej tragedii zaczął podważać sens istnienia.

podważać ustalony porządek

— To challenge or disrupt the existing system or established order.

Ruchy rewolucyjne często próbują podważyć ustalony porządek.

podważać wiarygodność świadka

— To discredit a witness's testimony in a legal context.

Adwokat starał się podważyć wiarygodność świadka poprzez zadawanie podchwytliwych pytań.

podważać czyjąś reputację

— To damage or tarnish someone's good name or standing.

Plotki i oszczerstwa mają na celu podważenie jego reputacji.

podważać znaczenie czegoś

— To reduce the importance or significance of something.

Ignorowanie problemu zaczęło podważać jego znaczenie.

podważać czyjąś pozycję

— To weaken someone's standing, power, or influence.

Konkurencja stara się podważyć pozycję naszej firmy na rynku.

podważać ustalenia śledztwa

— To cast doubt on the conclusions reached by an investigation.

Nowe dowody mogą podważyć ustalenia śledztwa.

podważać podstawowe założenia

— To question the fundamental assumptions upon which something is based.

Ta nowa teoria podważa podstawowe założenia fizyki klasycznej.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

podważać vs niszczyć

'Niszczyć' means to destroy completely, to annihilate. 'Podważać' is about weakening or casting doubt, which might lead to destruction but is not destruction itself.

podważać vs obalac

'Obalac' means to overthrow, often a government or a system, implying a forceful removal. 'Podważać' is a more gradual process of weakening that can lead to overthrow.

podważać vs kwestionować

While similar, 'kwestionować' often implies a direct challenge or raising of a question, whereas 'podważać' focuses more on the effect of weakening or eroding credibility.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"podważać grunt pod nogami"

— To make someone feel insecure or unstable by undermining their foundation of support, beliefs, or confidence.

Jego ciągłe wątpliwości podważały grunt pod moimi nogami.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać czyjeś dobre imię"

— To damage someone's reputation or good name.

Plotki często służą do podważania czyjegoś dobrego imienia.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać sens pracy"

— To make someone question the value or purpose of their work.

Brak docenienia szybko zaczął podważać sens jego pracy.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać czyjeś przekonania"

— To cause someone to doubt their deeply held beliefs.

Spotkanie z ludźmi o odmiennych poglądach może podważać czyjeś przekonania.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać stabilność"

— To threaten the security or steadiness of a system, government, or situation.

Napięcia polityczne podważały stabilność rządu.

Figurative, Formal
"podważać czyjąś pozycję (w hierarchii)"

— To weaken someone's status or rank within a hierarchy.

Nowy menedżer próbował podważyć pozycję doświadczonych pracowników.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać fundamenty czegoś"

— To attack or weaken the basic principles or core elements of an idea, system, or institution.

Ta rewolucyjna myśl podważała fundamenty tradycyjnej nauki.

Figurative, Formal
"podważać czyjeś zaufanie"

— To make someone lose faith or trust in another person or entity.

Jego ciągłe zmiany zdania podważały moje zaufanie do niego.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać znaczenie słów"

— To make words lose their impact or significance, often by overuse or contradiction.

Ciągłe obietnice bez pokrycia zaczęły podważać znaczenie jego słów.

Figurative, Neutral
"podważać czyjeś prawo"

— To question or challenge someone's right to do something.

Nie miał prawa podważać mojego wyboru.

Figurative, Neutral

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

podważać vs podkopywać

Both verbs involve undermining and weakening, often with negative connotations.

'Podkopywać' suggests a more insidious, hidden, or gradual process of weakening from beneath, like digging away at foundations secretly. 'Podważać' can be more direct or overt, focusing on the act of questioning or making something less stable, and doesn't necessarily imply secrecy.

Oni próbowali podkopać jego autorytet (They tried to secretly undermine his authority). Wczorajsze wypowiedzi podważyły jego autorytet (Yesterday's statements undermined his authority).

podważać vs osłabiać

Both verbs relate to making something less strong.

'Osłabiać' is a more general term for weakening or reducing strength, applicable to physical objects, arguments, or positions. 'Podważać' specifically refers to weakening by introducing doubt, questioning validity, or eroding credibility, often in abstract contexts like theories, trust, or authority.

Deszcz osłabił fortyfikacje (The rain weakened the fortifications). Jego argumenty podważyły teorię (His arguments undermined the theory).

podważać vs rozmywać

Both can imply making something less clear or distinct, or weakening its impact.

'Rozmywać' literally means to blur or dilute, and metaphorically it's used to make something less distinct, less accountable, or less impactful. 'Podważać' is specifically about weakening credibility, validity, or stability by introducing doubt or negative evidence.

Politycy często rozmywają odpowiedzialność (Politicians often blur responsibility). Te dowody podważyły jego niewinność (These pieces of evidence undermined his innocence).

podważać vs dyskwalifikować

Both can lead to a negative outcome for the subject.

'Dyskwalifikować' means to make something or someone ineligible, invalid, or unworthy, often based on specific rules or criteria. 'Podważać' is the process of weakening or casting doubt that might *lead* to disqualification, but it is not the disqualification itself.

Jego błędy dyskwalifikują go z konkursu (His mistakes disqualify him from the competition). Te błędy podważyły jego szanse na wygraną (These mistakes undermined his chances of winning).

podważać vs zaprzeczać

Both involve challenging a statement or claim.

'Zaprzeczać' is a direct denial; it states that something is not true. 'Podważać' is more about weakening the basis or credibility of something, making it less believable, without necessarily a direct denial.

On zaprzecza wszystkim zarzutom (He denies all the accusations). Jego niekonsekwencja podważała jego zeznania (His inconsistency undermined his testimony).

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

B2

Subject + podważa/podważał/podważyła + Object (Accusative)

Jego ostatnie wypowiedzi podważyły zaufanie do niego.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + podstawy + Czegoś (Genitive)

Te rewelacje podważają podstawy całej teorii.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + ustalenia + Czegoś (Genitive)

Śledczy próbowali podważyć ustalenia poprzedniego dochodzenia.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + wiarygodność + Kogoś/Czegoś (Genitive)

Niewłaściwe zachowanie podważyło jego wiarygodność jako świadka.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + autorytet + Kogoś/Czegoś (Genitive)

Opozycja stale podważa autorytet rządu.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + argument + Czegoś (Genitive)

Przedstawione fakty podważyły główny argument obrony.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + reputację + Kogoś (Genitive)

Plotki podważyły jego reputację w oczach przyjaciół.

C1

Podmiot + podważać/podważyć + sens + Czegoś (Genitive)

Ciągłe zmiany podważały sens całego projektu.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

podważenie

क्रिया

podważyć

संबंधित

podkop
podważyć
podważenie
kwestionować
osłabiać
सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

High

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using 'podważać' when 'niszczyć' (to destroy) is more appropriate. → Use 'podważać' for weakening or casting doubt, and 'niszczyć' for complete destruction.

    'Podważać' implies a gradual process of erosion or making something less credible. 'Niszczyć' means to cause something to cease to exist. For example, 'Plotki podważyły jego reputację' (Rumors undermined his reputation) is correct, but 'Plotki zniszczyły jego reputację' might be too strong unless the reputation was completely ruined.

  • Incorrectly using the perfective aspect 'podważyć' for an ongoing action. → Use 'podważać' for ongoing or repeated actions and 'podważyć' for a single, completed action.

    Saying 'On podważył moje zaufanie' implies a single event that destroyed trust. If the trust was eroded over time through multiple actions, 'On podważał moje zaufanie' (imperfective) is more accurate.

  • Forgetting the accusative case for the direct object. → Ensure the object of 'podważać' is in the accusative case.

    For example, it should be 'podważać teorię' (accusative), not 'podważać teoria' (nominative). This applies to pronouns and noun phrases as well.

  • Confusing 'podważać' with 'podkopywać' without understanding the nuance. → Use 'podkopywać' for insidious or secret undermining, and 'podważać' for more general weakening or casting doubt.

    'Podkopywać' suggests a hidden, gradual action from below, like digging. 'Podważać' is broader and can be more direct. For example, 'Próbowali podkopać jego autorytet' (They tried to secretly undermine his authority) vs. 'Jego wypowiedzi podważyły jego autorytet' (His statements undermined his authority).

  • Overusing the literal meaning of 'prying' in abstract contexts. → Recognize that 'podważać' is predominantly used metaphorically for abstract concepts.

    While the word originates from physical prying, its most frequent and important usage is in abstract contexts like undermining trust, theories, or authority. Relying too much on the literal sense can lead to awkward phrasing.

सुझाव

Focus on Gradual Erosion

Remember that 'podważać' often implies a gradual process of weakening or casting doubt, rather than a sudden, decisive blow. Think of it as chipping away at something's foundation or credibility over time.

Mastering Aspect

The choice between the imperfective 'podważać' (ongoing process) and the perfective 'podważyć' (completed action) is crucial for conveying the correct meaning. Practice using both in sentences describing different scenarios.

The 'rz' Sound

Practice the 'rz' sound, which is similar to the 's' in 'measure' or the 'zh' in 'azure'. This sound is key to correctly pronouncing 'podważać'.

Active Recall Practice

When you encounter 'podważać', try to immediately think of its antonyms ('wzmacniać', 'potwierdzać') and related verbs ('kwestionować', 'osłabiać') to solidify its meaning and usage.

Identify the Target

Always ask yourself: 'What is being undermined?' Is it trust, authority, a theory, a reputation, or something else? Identifying the direct object helps clarify the specific sense of 'podważać'.

Case Agreement

Be meticulous with grammatical cases. The object of 'podważać' is usually in the accusative, but be aware of constructions that require the genitive case, such as 'podważać podstawy czegoś'.

Visual Mnemonic

Imagine a tent with its ropes being cut from underneath. The tent represents the thing being undermined, and the cutting action from below is 'podważać'.

Distinguish from Destruction

Remember that 'podważać' is about weakening or casting doubt, not outright destruction. Use stronger verbs like 'niszczyć' or 'obalac' when complete annihilation is meant.

Common Collocations

Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'podważać zaufanie' and 'podważać autorytet'. Using these established collocations will make your Polish sound more natural.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Imagine someone trying to 'podważać' a strong belief by pushing a small 'wedge' underneath it. The wedge represents the doubt or weak argument, and the belief is the thing being undermined.

दृश्य संबंध

Picture a building with its foundation being slowly chipped away from underneath by a crowbar. The crowbar represents the action of 'podważać', and the crumbling foundation signifies the weakening of the structure.

Word Web

Undermine Weaken Erode Question Doubt Challenge Discredit Subvert

चैलेंज

Try to use 'podważać' in three different sentences today, each time focusing on a different abstract concept like trust, authority, or a theory. Make sure to use the correct aspect (imperfective or perfective) based on the context.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The verb 'podważać' is derived from the prefix 'pod-' (under, beneath) and the root 'ważać', which is related to 'waga' (weight, importance) and 'ważyć' (to weigh). The original physical meaning was to pry something loose from underneath, to lever it up, or to loosen it from below. This physical action of loosening or making something unstable evolved into the metaphorical sense of weakening or undermining abstract concepts.

मूल अर्थ: To pry under, to lever up, to loosen from below.

Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic, Polish

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

While questioning and critical thinking are valued, 'podważać' can sometimes be seen as disrespectful or destructive if used carelessly, especially when referring to respected elders, institutions, or traditions.

The English word 'undermine' is a very close equivalent, often used in similar contexts regarding trust, authority, and foundations.

Discussions about historical revisionism often involve 'podważanie' established narratives. Political science frequently analyzes how opposition parties 'podważają' the legitimacy of the ruling government. Philosophical debates often revolve around 'podważanie' fundamental assumptions about reality or knowledge.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Political debates and analysis

  • podważać autorytet rządu
  • podważać decyzje polityczne
  • podważać podstawy demokracji
  • podważać wiarygodność polityka

Academic and scientific discussions

  • podważać teorię naukową
  • podważać ustalenia badań
  • podważać stare paradygmaty
  • podważać fundamentalne założenia

Legal proceedings and investigations

  • podważać ustalenia śledztwa
  • podważać zeznania świadka
  • podważać dowody
  • podważać wiarygodność oskarżonego

Discussions about trust and reputation

  • podważać zaufanie
  • podważać czyjąś reputację
  • podważać dobre imię
  • podważać wizerunek firmy

Critique of societal norms and values

  • podważać tradycyjne wartości
  • podważać ustalone normy
  • podważać sens życia
  • podważać dominującą ideologię

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"Do you think it's always good to question authority, or can it sometimes undermine necessary structures?"

"How do you react when someone tries to undermine your confidence in something you believe in?"

"Can you think of a time when new evidence significantly undermined a previously accepted theory?"

"What are some ways a government might try to undermine the opposition, and vice versa?"

"When discussing sensitive topics, how can one express disagreement without unnecessarily undermining the other person's perspective?"

डायरी विषय

Reflect on a time you felt your trust was undermined. What were the circumstances, and how did it affect you?

Write about a belief you once held strongly. Have any experiences or information since then begun to undermine that belief?

Describe a situation where you had to critique something or someone. Did your critique aim to undermine, or to strengthen through constructive feedback?

Consider a societal norm or value. In what ways might it be considered to be undermined in modern times?

If you were to write a fictional story where a character's reputation is systematically undermined, what methods would they use, and what would be the consequences?

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

The literal meaning of 'podważać' comes from the prefix 'pod-' (under) and the root related to 'weight' or 'importance'. It originally meant to pry something loose from underneath, to lever it up, or to loosen it from below. This physical action evolved into its more common abstract meaning of weakening or undermining.

'Podważać' means to weaken, erode, or cast doubt on something, making it less credible or stable. 'Niszczyć' means to destroy completely, to annihilate. 'Podważać' is a process that can lead to destruction, but it is not destruction itself. For example, you can 'podważać' someone's reputation without completely destroying it, but 'niszczyć' reputation implies ruin.

Use the imperfective 'podważać' to describe an ongoing, repeated, or incomplete action of undermining. Use the perfective 'podważyć' to describe a single, completed action of undermining that had a definite result. For instance, 'On podważał moje zaufanie przez lata' (He was undermining my trust for years - ongoing) versus 'Jego jedno kłamstwo podważyło moje zaufanie' (His one lie undermined my trust - completed action).

Yes, although less commonly than its abstract meanings, 'podważać' can refer to the physical act of loosening or prying something from underneath, making it unstable. For example, one might 'podważać' a loose tile or a jammed door. However, in most contexts, it refers to abstract concepts.

The most common objects are abstract concepts such as 'zaufanie' (trust), 'autorytet' (authority), 'teoria' (theory), 'argument' (argument), 'reputacja' (reputation), 'wiarygodność' (credibility), 'podstawy' (foundations), and 'ustalenia' (findings).

The verb itself is neutral, but its connotation depends heavily on the context and intent. Undermining can be seen negatively if it's malicious or destructive, but it can also be positive if it's part of critical thinking, scientific inquiry, or holding power accountable. For example, 'podważać niesprawiedliwe prawo' (to undermine an unjust law) could be seen positively.

'Kwestionować' means to question or challenge the validity of something, often through direct inquiry or argument. 'Podważać' is about the effect of that questioning – the weakening or erosion of credibility or stability. You might 'kwestionować' an argument, and that act of questioning 'podważa' the argument's strength.

Typically, the direct object of 'podważać' is in the accusative case. For example, 'podważać teorię' (accusative). However, when used with nouns like 'podstawy' or 'ustalenia', the object of those nouns will be in the genitive case, e.g., 'podważać podstawy demokracji' (genitive).

Yes, the reflexive form 'podważać się' exists and means 'to undermine oneself'. For example, 'Nie powinienem podważać własnych decyzji.' (I shouldn't undermine my own decisions.) This usage is less common than the transitive form.

Very common collocations include 'podważać zaufanie' (undermine trust), 'podważać autorytet' (undermine authority), 'podważać teorię' (undermine a theory), 'podważać ustalenia' (undermine findings), and 'podważać wiarygodność' (undermine credibility).

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

खुद को परखो 10 सवाल

/ 10 correct

Perfect score!

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

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