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B1 adverb 10 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

内疚地

nei4 jiu4 de

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 内疚地 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 内疚地 in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of '内疚地' (nèijiù de) as a very strong way to say you are doing something while feeling 'sorry.' While A1 students usually learn '对不起' (duìbuqǐ) first, '内疚地' helps you describe *how* someone says sorry. Imagine you broke your friend's toy. You don't just say sorry; you feel bad inside. If you say sorry while feeling that bad feeling, you are speaking '内疚地.' In Chinese, we put this word before the action. For example, 'I (内疚地) say sorry.' It is like having a little 'ouch' in your heart because you did something not nice. You can use it when you forget to do your homework or when you eat someone else's snacks by mistake. It shows you have a good heart and you care about others' feelings. Even though it is a B1 word, understanding that '内' means 'inside' helps you remember it's an 'inside sorry' feeling. Just remember: always put it before the verb!

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

For A2 learners, '内疚地' (nèijiù de) is an adverb that describes the feeling of a 'guilty conscience.' At this level, you are starting to describe people's emotions and reactions more deeply. You know words like '高兴地' (happily) and '生气地' (angrily). '内疚地' fits into this same pattern. Use it when someone does an action because they feel they have failed a duty or hurt a friend. For instance, if you forgot your mom's birthday, you might '内疚地' buy her a gift. The '地' at the end tells us it's an adverb. A common mistake at this level is using it for small things like being one minute late. Try to save '内疚地' for when you truly feel you've done something wrong. It is very common in stories. If you see a character in a book '内疚地低下了头' (guiltily lowered their head), you know they feel bad about something they did. This word helps you move beyond basic sentences and start describing the 'why' and 'how' of people's behavior in social situations.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B1 level, you should master '内疚地' (nèijiù de) as a key adverb for expressing complex social emotions. This word is essential for narrating stories or discussing interpersonal relationships. It specifically denotes 'guiltily' or 'remorsefully.' The key distinction you need to understand now is the difference between '内疚' (the feeling) and '内疚地' (the manner of an action). As a B1 student, you should be able to use it in sentences like '他内疚地承认了错误' (He guiltily admitted his mistake). You should also begin to distinguish it from '后悔' (regret). '后悔' is about your own choices, while '内疚' is about your impact on others. In Chinese culture, '内疚' is tied to the concept of 'responsibility.' If you don't fulfill your role as a friend, student, or child, you feel '内疚.' Using this adverb correctly shows that you understand the moral nuances of Chinese social interaction. It often appears with 'communication' verbs like '说' (say), '道歉' (apologize), and '解释' (explain), or 'body language' verbs like '低头' (lower head) and '叹气' (sigh).

At the B2 level, '内疚地' (nèijiù de) should be used to add psychological depth to your descriptions. You should understand its nuance compared to '惭愧地' (shamefully) and '羞愧地' (abashedly). '内疚地' is specifically focused on the 'internal' (内) moral ache. It doesn't necessarily require an audience; you can feel '内疚地' reflect on your actions even when you are alone. B2 learners should use this word in more complex grammatical structures, such as in 'vivid' descriptions: '他内疚地避开了朋友询问的目光' (He guiltily avoided his friend's inquiring gaze). You should also be aware of its collocations with resultative complements. Furthermore, recognize that '内疚' can be a long-term state. Someone might '内疚地过了很多年' (lived guiltily for many years). At this level, you should also be able to use it in formal writing, such as in an essay about ethics or a character analysis in literature, to describe the internal conflict of a person who has compromised their values.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

For C1 learners, '内疚地' (nèijiù de) is a tool for nuanced characterization and sophisticated discourse. You should explore the etymological roots—the character '疚' (jiù) implying a lingering illness or distress—to understand why this word carries more weight than a simple apology. In C1 level writing, you can use '内疚地' to explore themes of moral debt and existential responsibility. It is often used in literary criticism to describe a character's 'moral awakening.' You should also be comfortable using its synonyms like '负疚地' (carrying guilt) or '愧疚地' (shamefully and guiltily combined) to avoid repetition and add precision. For example, '他内疚地审视着自己过去的行为' (He guiltily scrutinized his past actions). At this level, you should also understand the cultural context of 'guilt' in a 'shame-culture' vs. 'guilt-culture' framework, and how '内疚地' represents the internalized aspect of Chinese morality. Your usage should be flawless, correctly placing the adverbial marker and choosing the most evocative verbs to pair with it.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you should treat '内疚地' (nèijiù de) as a philosophical and psychological descriptor. You are expected to use it in high-level literary analysis, legal discussions, or philosophical debates regarding the nature of conscience. You might discuss the '内疚地' self-reflection of a historical figure or a protagonist in a complex novel. At this level, you can appreciate the subtle differences between '内疚地' and '忏悔地' (penitently/confessingly), where the latter implies a more formal or religious act of seeking forgiveness. Your mastery should allow you to use '内疚地' to describe not just individual actions, but entire modes of being—how a person might '内疚地' interact with the world after a significant moral failure. You should also be able to analyze how the use of '内疚地' in a text functions to elicit empathy from the reader. In your own writing, the word should be used sparingly and precisely, ensuring that the emotional intensity of 'nèijiù' matches the gravity of the situation described, demonstrating a profound grasp of both Chinese language and the human condition.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

内疚地 30 सेकंड में

An adverb meaning 'guiltily' or 'remorsefully,' used when an action is driven by an internal sense of having done wrong.
It is formed by '内' (inside), '疚' (remorse), and '地' (adverbial marker), emphasizing a deep, internal ache of conscience.
Typically used with verbs like '低头' (lower head), '道歉' (apologize), or '避开' (avoid) to show the physical or verbal signs of guilt.
Essential for expressing sincere regret in social and personal contexts in Chinese culture, moving beyond a simple 'sorry'.

The Chinese adverb 内疚地 (nèijiù de) is a powerful emotional descriptor that translates most accurately to 'guiltily' or 'remorsefully' in English. It is composed of three distinct characters: 内 (nèi) meaning 'inside' or 'internal,' 疚 (jiù) which historically refers to a chronic illness or a lingering ache of the spirit, and the adverbial marker 地 (de). When combined, they describe an action performed while the individual is suffering from an internal sense of moral failure or regret. This isn't just a simple 'sorry'; it is a deep-seated feeling that one has done something wrong, failed a responsibility, or hurt someone else's feelings. You will encounter this word frequently in literature, heartfelt conversations, and psychological descriptions where the internal state of the character is being emphasized.

Emotional Depth: Unlike '惭愧地' (shamefully), which often involves a loss of face in front of others, '内疚地' focuses on the internal conscience. It is the feeling of being unable to face oneself. It is used when a person realizes their mistake has caused harm or inconvenience to others, leading to a heavy heart.

他内疚地低下了头，不敢直视母亲的眼睛。(He guiltily lowered his head, not daring to look directly into his mother's eyes.)

In daily life, you might use this word when describing someone's reaction after they've broken a promise or forgotten an important event. It implies a level of sincerity in the regret. In Chinese culture, where social harmony and interpersonal obligations are paramount, feeling 'nèijiù' is seen as a sign of a person with a strong moral compass. If you don't feel 'nèijiù' after doing something wrong, you might be described as '没良心' (having no conscience). Therefore, using '内疚地' to describe an action shows that the subject is aware of their moral debt.

Typical Scenarios: Commonly used when apologizing for being late, admitting to a lie, or realizing one has been selfish. It often pairs with verbs of looking, speaking, or physical gestures like sighing or bowing.

她内疚地看着那只被她摔坏的花瓶。(She guiltily looked at the vase she had broken.)

Furthermore, the word carries a weight of time. The character '疚' suggests a long-term distress. This means '内疚地' often describes actions resulting from a guilt that has been brewing for a while, perhaps after keeping a secret or realizing a mistake years later. It is a sophisticated word that adds significant emotional texture to your Chinese communication, moving beyond the basic '对不起' (sorry) into the realm of psychological depth.

Using 内疚地 correctly requires an understanding of Chinese adverbial placement. In Chinese, the adverbial phrase (Adjective + 地) almost always precedes the verb it modifies. This structure mirrors the English 'guiltily [verb],' but it is more rigid in its positioning. You cannot place '内疚地' at the end of a sentence like you might sometimes do in English. It serves as a preamble to the action, setting the emotional tone for what the subject does next.

The Basic Pattern: Subject + [内疚地] + Verb + Object. For example: '我内疚地关上了门' (I guiltily closed the door). This tells the listener that the act of closing the door was heavy with regret.

听到这个消息，他内疚地叹了口气。(Hearing this news, he sighed guiltily.)

One interesting nuance is that '内疚地' is often used with 'resultative' or 'directional' verbs. For instance, '内疚地低下了头' (guiltily lowered the head) or '内疚地走开了' (guiltily walked away). These combinations create a vivid mental image of the person's physical response to their internal guilt. Because '内疚' is a strong emotion, the verbs it modifies are often subtle—sighing, looking away, whispering—rather than loud or aggressive actions. It is rarely used with positive or energetic verbs unless the contrast is intentional (e.g., 'guiltily enjoying a meal' while others are hungry).

Complex Sentences: In more complex structures, you might see '感到' (feel) used before '内疚'. Example: '他因为没能帮忙而感到内疚地向朋友道歉。' (He apologized to his friend, feeling guilty because he couldn't help.) Here, the feeling and the action are linked sequentially.

他内疚地把最后一块蛋糕让给了妹妹。(He guiltily let his younger sister have the last piece of cake.)

When writing, remember that '内疚地' adds a layer of 'internal motivation.' It answers the question 'How did they do it?' while also answering 'Why did they do it?' (out of guilt). This dual function makes it a favorite for novelists who want to show, rather than tell, a character's internal struggle. By using this adverb, you provide a window into the character's soul, suggesting they have a conscience and are currently being pricked by it.

In the real world, 内疚地 is a staple of emotional storytelling. You will hear it most frequently in TV dramas (C-Dramas), movies, and audiobooks. In these contexts, the narrator or a character might use it to describe a scene of confession or a moment of realization. For example, in a family drama, a father might '内疚地' admit that he spent too much time at work and missed his children's growth. The word carries a specific weight that signals to the audience that the character is undergoing a moral reckoning.

Media and Literature: Novels often use '内疚地' to describe a character's body language. '他内疚地避开了她的目光' (He guiltily avoided her gaze) is a classic line. In news reports involving legal confessions or public apologies, you might hear a more formal variation, but '内疚' remains the core emotional descriptor for personal remorse.

在采访中，那位官员内疚地谈到了他的失职。(In the interview, that official guiltily talked about his dereliction of duty.)

In social settings, while people might not say '我内疚地...' about themselves in casual speech (they would just say '我觉得很内疚'), you will hear others use it to describe a third person. For instance, '看他内疚地坐在那里，我就原谅他了' (Seeing him sitting there so guiltily, I forgave him). It is a way to acknowledge that someone's outward behavior reflects their internal state of regret. It is also common in psychological counseling or advice columns where the focus is on emotional intelligence and resolving 'internal conflict' (心理冲突).

Workplace and Professional Life: In a professional context, if someone fails to meet a deadline and it affects the whole team, they might '内疚地' offer to work overtime to make up for it. It shows a sense of responsibility and care for the collective.

经理内疚地承认，是他记错了会议时间。(The manager guiltily admitted that he had misremembered the meeting time.)

Finally, in the realm of parenting and education, teachers and parents often discuss how to help children act '内疚地'—not to shame them, but to encourage the development of empathy. When a child '内疚地' shares their toys after previously being selfish, it is seen as a positive step in moral development. Thus, the word is deeply embedded in the Chinese discourse on ethics and personal growth.

Even intermediate learners often stumble when using 内疚地. The most frequent error is confusing the adverb with the adjective or noun forms. Remember that adding '地' makes it an adverb that *must* describe an action. You cannot say '我很内疚地' (I am very guiltily); instead, you should say '我很内疚' (I am very guilty/remorseful). The '地' version is for when you are doing something *while* feeling that way.

Mistake 1: Wrong Particle: Using '的' instead of '地'. While they sound the same (de), '内疚的' is an adjective (e.g., '内疚的心情' - a guilty mood), whereas '内疚地' is an adverb (e.g., '内疚地笑' - to laugh guiltily).

Incorrect: 他内疚的低下了头。
Correct: 他内疚地低下了头。

Another common mistake is confusing '内疚' with '后悔' (hòuhuǐ - regret). '后悔' is about wishing you had made a different choice for your own sake (e.g., 'I regret not buying that stock'). '内疚' is about the moral weight of having wronged someone else. You wouldn't usually say '内疚地' about a personal financial mistake; you would use it when your actions hurt another person. For example, if you forgot to call your mom on her birthday, you feel '内疚'; if you bought a bad car, you feel '后悔'.

Mistake 2: Overusing it for Minor Things: Using '内疚地' for very trivial things like accidentally stepping on someone's toe. For minor accidents, '抱歉地' (apologetically) is more appropriate. '内疚地' implies a deeper, more painful internal struggle.

Incorrect: 我内疚地说：“对不起，我没带笔。”
Correct: 我抱歉地说：“对不起，我没带笔。”

Finally, watch out for redundancy. Avoid saying '心里感到内疚地道歉' (Feeling guilty in the heart guiltily apologizing). Simply '内疚地道歉' already implies the feeling is in the heart. In Chinese, brevity often adds more weight to the emotion. Keep your sentences clean to let the power of '内疚' shine through.

To truly master 内疚地, you must know how it compares to its synonyms. Chinese has a rich vocabulary for regret and shame, and choosing the wrong one can change the tone of your sentence significantly. The most common alternatives are 惭愧地 (cánkuì de), 抱歉地 (bàoqiàn de), and 羞愧地 (xiūkuì de). Each carries a slightly different 'flavor' of apology.

内疚地 vs. 惭愧地: '内疚地' is purely internal—it's between you and your conscience. '惭愧地' (shamefully) often implies that you feel you have fallen short of a standard or that others are looking down on you. If you fail an exam your parents paid for, you might feel '惭愧地' look at them. If you lied to them about the exam, you feel '内疚地' look at them.

他惭愧地承认自己没努力学习。(He shamefully admitted he didn't study hard.)

Another close relative is 抱歉地 (bàoqiàn de). This is the most common word for a polite apology. It is social rather than deeply emotional. You use '抱歉地' when you are five minutes late or when you can't attend a party. Using '内疚地' in those situations would sound overly dramatic, as if you are suffering a soul-crushing crisis over a minor scheduling conflict. Conversely, using '抱歉地' when you've betrayed a best friend's trust would sound cold and dismissive.

羞愧地 (xiūkuì de): This word adds a layer of 'shame' (羞) and 'embarrassment.' It's often used when one's wrongdoings are exposed publicly. While '内疚地' can be felt in private, '羞愧地' usually involves the burning sensation of being caught or being seen as inferior.

小偷被抓到后，羞愧地低下了头。(After being caught, the thief shamefully lowered his head.)

Lastly, for very formal or literary contexts, you might see 负疚地 (fùjiù de). The '负' means 'to carry.' This suggests carrying the burden of guilt like a heavy weight. It is essentially a more poetic and formal synonym for '内疚地.' Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact emotional frequency required for your conversation or writing, making your Chinese sound much more natural and empathetic.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The character '疚' contains the 'sickness' radical (疒), suggesting that the Chinese view of guilt is that it is a literal 'illness' of the soul that makes one feel unwell until it is resolved.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK nèijiù de

US nèijiù de

Stress is placed equally on 'nèi' and 'jiù'.

तुकबंदी

内 (nèi) rhymes with 类 (lèi), 妹 (mèi). 疚 (jiù) rhymes with 旧 (jiù), 救 (jiù), 酒 (jiǔ). 地 (de) rhymes with 的 (de), 得 (de).

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing 'jiù' as 'jiǔ' (3rd tone).
Confusing the particle 'de' (地) with 'de' (的).
Failing to drop the tone sufficiently on 'nèi'.
Pronouncing 'nèi' like 'něi' (which means 'which').
Running 'jiù' and 'de' together without a clear break.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

Requires recognizing the 'sickness' radical and understanding the adverbial structure.

लिखना 4/5

Easy to confuse with synonyms or use the wrong 'de' particle.

बोलना 3/5

The tones are straightforward but require emotional nuance in delivery.

श्रवण 3/5

Common in media, usually easy to pick up from context.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

内 (nèi) 心 (xīn) 地 (de) 对不起 (duìbuqǐ) 错误 (cuòwù)

आगे सीखें

惭愧 (cánkuì) 后悔 (hòuhuǐ) 良心 (liángxīn) 责任 (zérèn) 宽恕 (kuānshù)

उन्नत

忏悔 (chànhuǐ) 自省 (zìxǐng) 道德准则 (dàodé zhǔnzé) 心理契约 (xīnlǐ qìyuē) 赎罪 (shúzuì)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Adverbial Marker '地'

内疚地 + Verb (e.g., 内疚地笑)

Cause and Effect with '因为'

因为没带礼物，他内疚地站在门口。

Resultative Complements

内疚地低下了头 (Lowered head).

Placement of Adverbs

Adverbs always go before the verb in Mandarin.

State of Being vs. Action

我很内疚 (I am guilty) vs. 我内疚地说 (I guiltily say).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

他内疚地对我说：“对不起。”

He guiltily said 'Sorry' to me.

Adverb '内疚地' placed before the verb '说'.

我内疚地看着妈妈。

I looked at my mom guiltily.

Describes the manner of looking.

他内疚地低下了头。

He guiltily lowered his head.

Common physical reaction to guilt.

她内疚地给了我一块糖。

She guiltily gave me a candy.

Using a gift to show remorse.

我因为迟到而内疚地笑了。

I laughed guiltily because I was late.

Shows the cause of the guilt.

他内疚地关上了门。

He guiltily closed the door.

Simple action modified by emotion.

她内疚地小声说话。

She spoke guiltily in a low voice.

Modifying the volume and manner of speech.

我内疚地看着坏了的玩具。

I guiltily looked at the broken toy.

Object of guilt is the broken item.

他内疚地想起了昨天的事。

He guiltily remembered what happened yesterday.

Modifying a mental action.

她内疚地买了一份礼物送给朋友。

She guiltily bought a gift for her friend.

Action taken to compensate for guilt.

我内疚地承认我忘记了你的生日。

I guiltily admitted that I forgot your birthday.

Verb '承认' (admit) is often used with this adverb.

他内疚地避开了老师的目光。

He guiltily avoided the teacher's gaze.

Classic behavioral sign of guilt.

她内疚地把最后一块面包让给了弟弟。

She guiltily let her brother have the last piece of bread.

Shows self-sacrifice due to guilt.

我内疚地发现我弄丢了他的书。

I guiltily discovered that I lost his book.

Internal realization of a mistake.

他内疚地给爸爸打了个电话。

He guiltily gave his dad a phone call.

Initiating contact out of remorse.

她内疚地叹了口气，不知道该怎么办。

She sighed guiltily, not knowing what to do.

Sighing as an expression of internal weight.

他内疚地向大家解释了事情的经过。

He guiltily explained the whole story to everyone.

Explaining a mistake to a group.

因为没有帮上忙，她内疚地低声道歉。

Because she couldn't help, she guiltily apologized in a low voice.

Reason provided using '因为'.

他内疚地发现自己错怪了最好的朋友。

He guiltily found that he had wrongly accused his best friend.

Realization of a moral error.

她内疚地看着被自己弄乱的房间。

She guiltily looked at the room she had made a mess of.

Directly links emotion to the physical state of the environment.

他内疚地想，如果自己早点到就好了。

He thought guiltily that it would have been better if he had arrived earlier.

Modifying the verb '想' (think) to show internal monologue.

她内疚地拒绝了朋友的邀请，因为她还没完成工作。

She guiltily refused her friend's invitation because she hadn't finished her work.

Refusal based on a sense of duty.

他内疚地收下了这份他不该拿的奖金。

He guiltily accepted the bonus he shouldn't have taken.

Accepting something while feeling undeserving.

她内疚地握着病床上奶奶的手。

She guiltily held her grandmother's hand on the hospital bed.

Physical touch modified by deep emotional regret.

每当想起那次争吵，他都会内疚地闭上眼睛。

Whenever he thinks of that argument, he guiltily closes his eyes.

Habitual action triggered by a memory.

她内疚地意识到，自己的自私伤害了最亲近的人。

She guiltily realized that her selfishness had hurt those closest to her.

Profound realization of personal flaws.

他内疚地决定要把真相告诉所有人。

He guiltily decided to tell everyone the truth.

Decision-making driven by a guilty conscience.

她内疚地在日记里写下了自己的反思。

She guiltily wrote down her reflections in her diary.

Private expression of guilt.

他内疚地看着那些因他的失误而受苦的人。

He guiltily looked at the people suffering because of his mistake.

Observing the consequences of one's actions.

她内疚地推开了那扇沉重的大门，准备去道歉。

She guiltily pushed open the heavy door, prepared to apologize.

Metaphorical and physical weight combined.

他内疚地承认，自己在利益面前动摇了。

He guiltily admitted that he had wavered in the face of profit.

Admission of moral weakness in a professional setting.

她内疚地想补偿那些被她忽视的孩子们。

She guiltily wanted to compensate the children she had neglected.

Desire for restitution.

他在法庭上内疚地陈述了自己的罪行。

He guiltily stated his crimes in court.

Formal verb '陈述' (state/narrate) used in a legal context.

她内疚地审视着镜中的自己，感到陌生而可憎。

She guiltily scrutinized herself in the mirror, feeling strange and detestable.

Deep psychological self-examination.

他内疚地回避了任何关于那个夜晚的话题。

He guiltily avoided any topic regarding that night.

Active avoidance as a symptom of guilt.

她内疚地把那封从未寄出的信烧掉了。

She guiltily burned the letter that was never sent.

Symbolic action to erase a source of guilt.

他内疚地发现，岁月的流逝并未减轻他的罪恶感。

He guiltily found that the passage of time had not lessened his sense of guilt.

Reflection on the persistence of guilt over time.

她内疚地承受着良心的谴责，彻夜难眠。

She guiltily endured the condemnation of her conscience, unable to sleep all night.

Describes a state of being rather than a single action.

他内疚地意识到，他所追求的成功是以牺牲他人为代价的。

He guiltily realized that the success he pursued was at the expense of others.

Complex realization of ethical compromise.

她内疚地试图修补那段早已破碎的关系。

She guiltily attempted to mend that long-broken relationship.

Effort to fix past wrongs.

在回忆录中，他内疚地剖析了自己当年的懦弱。

In his memoirs, he guiltily dissected his own cowardice from those years.

Highly formal verb '剖析' (dissect/analyze).

她内疚地背负着那个秘密，仿佛背负着一座大山。

She guiltily carried that secret as if carrying a great mountain.

Metaphorical description of the burden of guilt.

他内疚地反思着人类对自然环境的破坏。

He guiltily reflected on humanity's destruction of the natural environment.

Collective/existential guilt.

她内疚地察觉到，自己的沉默其实也是一种共谋。

She guiltily perceived that her silence was actually a form of complicity.

Sophisticated moral realization.

他内疚地在受害者的墓前久久伫立。

He stood guiltily for a long time before the victim's grave.

Solemn physical manifestation of remorse.

她内疚地承认，她从未真正理解过她所爱的人。

She guiltily admitted that she had never truly understood the person she loved.

Profound admission of failure in love/empathy.

他内疚地审视着权力如何腐蚀了他的初衷。

He guiltily examined how power had corrupted his original intentions.

Analysis of moral corruption.

她内疚地将余生都投入到了慈善事业中，以求赎罪。

She guiltily devoted the rest of her life to charity in order to seek atonement.

Lifelong action driven by a need for redemption.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

内疚地低头

内疚地道歉

内疚地叹息

内疚地避开

内疚地看着

内疚地承认

内疚地解释

内疚地反思

内疚地哭泣

内疚地补偿

सामान्य वाक्यांश

感到内疚

— To feel guilty. This is the base emotional state.

我对他感到非常内疚。

深感内疚

— To feel deeply guilty. A more formal and intense expression.

对于这次事故，我深感内疚。

问心有愧

— To have a guilty conscience. An idiom related to the feeling of nèijiù.

这件事让我问心有愧。

心怀内疚

— To carry guilt in one's heart.

他一直心怀内疚地生活着。

内疚不已

— To be endlessly guilty. '不已' means 'not stopping'.

想到那件事，我就内疚不已。

毫无内疚感

— To have zero sense of guilt. Used to describe someone cold-hearted.

他做错事后竟然毫无内疚感。

消除内疚

— To eliminate or get rid of guilt.

他想通过做好事来消除内疚。

带着内疚

— With guilt (adverbial phrase).

他带着内疚离开了家。

满怀内疚

— Full of guilt.

她满怀内疚地写了这封信。

产生内疚

— To develop a sense of guilt.

这种行为会让人产生内疚感。

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

内疚地 vs 后悔

Regret about a choice you made for yourself; 'nèijiù' is about hurting others.

内疚地 vs 惭愧

Shame about failing a standard or losing face; 'nèijiù' is internal conscience.

内疚地 vs 遗憾

Regret about something unfortunate that happened, often out of your control.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"耿耿于怀"

— To take something to heart and be unable to forget it, often due to guilt or resentment.

他对那件小事一直耿耿于怀。

Neutral

"负荆请罪"

— To offer a humble apology, literally 'carrying thorns to ask for punishment.'

他决定去负荆请罪，请求原谅。

Formal/Literary

"问心有愧"

— To feel that one's conscience is not clear.

做这种事，难道你不会问心有愧吗？

Neutral

"寝食难安"

— To be so worried or guilty that one cannot sleep or eat.

这件事让他寝食难安，内疚万分。

Literary

"痛心疾首"

— With extreme pain and deep regret.

他痛心疾首地反省了自己的错误。

Formal

"悔不当初"

— To deeply regret one's past actions.

他现在悔不当初，内疚得要命。

Literary

"闭门思过"

— To shut oneself away to reflect on one's mistakes.

他回到家，准备闭门思过。

Formal

"愧不敢当"

— To feel unworthy of praise or honor (often used as a polite expression).

您太客气了，我真是愧不敢当。

Formal

"汗颜无地"

— To be extremely ashamed, literally 'sweating with shame and having no place to hide.'

听了他的话，我真是汗颜无地。

Literary

"抱憾终生"

— To carry a regret for the rest of one's life.

没能见到母亲最后一面让他抱憾终生。

Literary

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

内疚地 vs 抱歉

Both involve apologizing.

抱歉 is a polite social apology; 内疚 is a deep internal moral regret.

他抱歉地笑了笑 (Polite) vs. 他内疚地低下了头 (Deep remorse).

内疚地 vs 自责

Both involve blaming oneself.

自责 is the act of blaming oneself; 内疚 is the feeling of guilt itself.

他自责地打了一拳墙壁 (Self-blame action).

内疚地 vs 羞愧

Both involve negative feelings about one's actions.

羞愧 includes a sense of embarrassment or being ashamed to be seen.

他羞愧得脸红了 (Embarrassment).

内疚地 vs 亏欠

Both involve feeling you owe someone.

亏欠 is often about a specific debt or lack of care over time.

他觉得对家人有很多亏欠。

内疚地 vs 忏悔

Both involve regret.

忏悔 is much stronger, often religious or involving a total change of heart.

他在上帝面前忏悔。

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

我内疚地对 [Person] 说 [Sorry].

我内疚地对老师说对不起。

他内疚地 [Verb] 了 [Object].

他内疚地买了一本书。

因为 [Reason]，她内疚地 [Verb].

因为迟到，她内疚地跑进了教室。

[Subject] 内疚地意识到 [Clause].

他内疚地意识到自己说错了话。

[Subject] 内疚地承受着 [Abstract Noun].

他内疚地承受着良心的折磨。

[Subject] 在 [Context] 下内疚地 [Verb].

他在众人的注视下内疚地低下了头。

[Subject] 内疚地避开 [Object].

他内疚地避开了朋友的目光。

[Subject] 内疚地想要 [Action] 来 [Goal].

她内疚地想要通过加班来弥补过错。

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

内疚 (nèijiù) - Guilt / Remorse

内疚感 (nèijiù gǎn) - Sense of guilt

क्रिया

感到内疚 (gǎndào nèijiù) - To feel guilty

विशेषण

内疚的 (nèijiù de) - Guilty / Remorseful (modifying a noun)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Common in written stories and emotional speech.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

我很内疚地。 → 我很内疚。
You don't use the adverbial '地' after '很' to describe a state; use the adjective form instead.
他内疚的低下了头。 → 他内疚地低下了头。
Use '地' for adverbs modifying verbs, not '的'.
我内疚买错了东西。 → 我后悔买错了东西。
'内疚' is for moral guilt; '后悔' is for personal regret about a choice.
他内疚地对老师说：‘我没带作业。’ → 他抱歉地对老师说：‘我没带作业。’
Unless the student feels a deep moral failure, '内疚地' is too strong for forgetting homework.
内疚地，他离开了。 → 他内疚地离开了。
In Chinese, the adverb usually comes after the subject and before the verb.

सुझाव

Context Matters

Only use '内疚地' when there is a moral element involved. If you just regret a purchase, use '后悔'.

Check your 'De'

Always use '地' before the verb. Using '的' is a common mistake for learners.

Sincerity

Using this word implies you are being very sincere. Don't use it sarcastically unless you are very advanced.

Pairing

Try pairing it with '低声' (low voice) to describe a quiet, remorseful apology.

Tone

Make sure your 4th tones are crisp. If you say 'jiǔ' instead of 'jiù', it sounds like 'alcohol'!

Show, Don't Tell

Instead of saying 'He felt guilty,' write 'He guiltily lowered his head' (他内疚地低下了头).

Emotional Cues

In TV shows, when you hear 'nèijiù', prepare for a serious conversation.

Radical Clue

The 'sickness' radical in '疚' tells you it's an internal pain.

Relationships

Use it to show you value a relationship you might have damaged.

Internal vs. External

Remember: 内疚 is internal; 惭愧 is often external.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'Nèi' as 'Inside' and 'Jiù' as 'Ache'. When you act 'Nèijiù de', you are acting while your 'Inside is Aching'.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a person looking into a mirror and seeing their heart with a small bandage on it. They are doing an action with that bandaged heart.

Word Web

良心 (Conscience) 道德 (Morality) 道歉 (Apology) 后悔 (Regret) 内心 (Inner heart) 错误 (Mistake) 宽恕 (Forgiveness) 责任 (Responsibility)

चैलेंज

Try to write three sentences using '内疚地' describing three different ways someone might react after lying to a parent.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The term '内疚' originates from classical Chinese texts. '内' (nèi) means 'inside' or 'the heart/mind.' '疚' (jiù) is a character representing a lingering sickness or distress of the spirit.

मूल अर्थ: Originally, it described a chronic internal suffering caused by a moral failing.

Sino-Tibetan / Chinese.

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful not to confuse it with 'shame' (惭愧), which is about public face. '内疚' is more private and sincere.

English speakers might use 'guiltily' more broadly, but '内疚地' is specifically for moral/relational remorse.

Confucian texts often discuss the importance of 'self-reflection' (内省) which leads to a sense of 'nèijiù' when one fails. Modern Chinese literature (e.g., Lu Xun) often explores the 'nèijiù' of the intellectual class. C-Dramas frequently use '内疚地' in climactic confession scenes.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Apologizing for a mistake

内疚地道歉
内疚地解释
内疚地低头
内疚地看着对方

Realizing one has been selfish

内疚地分享
内疚地让出
内疚地反思
内疚地意识到

Breaking a promise

内疚地打电话
内疚地发信息
内疚地说明情况
内疚地推迟

Accidentally hurting someone

内疚地询问
内疚地照顾
内疚地安慰
内疚地哭泣

Professional failure

内疚地辞职
内疚地承担责任
内疚地汇报
内疚地加班

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"你曾经因为忘记别人的生日而内疚地做过什么吗？"

"如果你不小心打破了朋友最喜欢的杯子，你会内疚地道歉吗？"

"在电影里，你见过角色内疚地承认错误的情节吗？"

"当你感到内疚地时候，你会避开别人的目光吗？"

"你觉得‘内疚地’和‘抱歉地’有什么区别？"

डायरी विषय

写一写你曾经内疚地对某人说‘对不起’的一次经历。

描述一个你内疚地意识到自己犯了错的瞬间。

如果一个角色内疚地离开了家，你觉得他可能做了什么？

讨论为什么在人际关系中，‘内疚地’表达情感很重要。

写一段对话，其中一个人内疚地解释为什么他没能遵守诺言。

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

It's usually too strong for very minor things. Use '抱歉地' instead unless you feel truly terrible about it.

'内疚的' is an adjective for nouns (e.g., a guilty heart), while '内疚地' is an adverb for verbs (e.g., to say guiltily).

No, it is an adjective or noun. You say '感到内疚' (feel guilty) or '我很内疚' (I am guilty).

No, you cannot use '地' with '很' in this way. Just say '我很内疚'.

It is neutral but leans towards formal or literary when written. In spoken Chinese, people often just say '我觉得内疚'.

Physical reactions like '低头', '叹气', '避开', and speech acts like '道歉', '解释', '承认'.

It involves a form of internal shame, but focuses more on the 'hurt' caused to others rather than one's own reputation.

Yes, to express sincere regret for a professional error that affected the team.

It is 'jiù' (4th tone), like the word for 'old' (旧).

Yes, it is very common to describe how someone else looks or acts: '他内疚地坐在那里'.

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