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A2 noun #5,000 most common 7 min read

देनदारी

dendari
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips देनदारी in 30 Seconds
Explanation देनदारी in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'देनदारी' (Dendari) yet. Instead, you would use simple words like 'पैसे देना' (giving money) or 'कर्ज' (debt). However, it is good to know that this word comes from 'देना' (to give). Think of it as 'the thing I must give'. If you see it in a simple sentence like 'मेरी देनदारी है', just know it means 'I owe something'. At this stage, focus on the root 'देना' (to give) and how it changes into other words. You might hear it in very basic news headlines about money, but don't worry about using it in daily conversation. Just remember: Dendari = something you have to give back to someone else, usually money.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about your life and work in more detail. 'देनदारी' becomes useful when discussing basic finances. If you have a small loan or owe a friend money in a formal way, you might use this word. You should know that 'देनदारी' is feminine, so you say 'मेरी देनदारी' (my liability). You will likely see this word on bank statements or in simple news stories about companies. It's a step up from 'Karz' (debt) because it sounds more official. You can use it in sentences like 'मुझे अपनी देनदारी चुकानी है' (I have to pay my liability). It helps you describe financial situations more accurately than just saying 'I have to give money'.
At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'देनदारी' in professional and semi-formal contexts. You can discuss 'tax liability' (कर देनदारी) or 'legal liability' (कानूनी देनदारी). You understand that this word refers to the total sum of what is owed, not just a single loan. You can use it to talk about business problems, such as a company having too many liabilities. You should also be comfortable using the plural 'देनदारियाँ' (liabilities). For example, 'उसकी बहुत सारी देनदारियाँ हैं' (He has many liabilities). You are starting to see the difference between this word and 'Jimmedari' (responsibility), knowing that 'Dendari' is almost always about a 'debt' or 'due' that needs to be settled.
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At the B2 level, you use 'देनदारी' with nuance. You can participate in business meetings or read complex financial reports where this term is used frequently. You understand terms like 'असीमित देनदारी' (unlimited liability) in the context of business structures like partnerships. You can use the word metaphorically to describe a social or moral obligation that feels like a debt. You are also aware of the legal implications of the word—how 'Dendari' can be transferred or waived (माफ करना). Your sentences are more complex, such as: 'कंपनी की गिरती साख का मुख्य कारण उसकी बढ़ती हुई देनदारी है' (The main reason for the company's falling credit is its increasing liability).
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At the C1 level, 'देनदारी' is a natural part of your high-level vocabulary. You can discuss the macroeconomic effects of national 'Dendari' or the ethical dimensions of 'corporate liability'. You understand the subtle differences between 'Dendari', 'Dayitva', and 'Uttardayitva'. You can use the word in academic writing or formal legal arguments. You might analyze how a person's 'Dendari' affects their legal standing in a bankruptcy case. You also recognize the word in classical literature or high-register journalism, where it might be used to describe historical debts or complex social contracts. You can effortlessly switch between the singular and plural forms depending on the specificity of the context.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'देनदारी'. You can use it in philosophical discussions about what humans 'owe' to nature or society. You understand the etymological roots and how the Persian suffix '-dari' interacts with the Hindi root. You can critique legal documents or financial audits where the definition of 'Dendari' might be contested. You are comfortable with archaic or highly specialized uses of the word in different Indian dialects or older legal systems. You can use the word with irony or in complex metaphors in creative writing. To you, 'Dendari' is not just a word for debt, but a multifaceted concept representing the complex web of obligations that bind individuals and institutions.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

देनदारी in 30 Seconds

  • Dendari means liability or debt in a formal context.
  • It is a feminine noun derived from the verb 'dena' (to give).
  • Commonly used in finance, law, and official government documents.
  • Pair it with verbs like 'chukana' (to pay) or 'badhna' (to increase).

The Hindi word देनदारी (Dendari) is a feminine noun that serves as a cornerstone in both financial and legal discussions. At its core, it refers to the state of being responsible for a payment or an obligation. While English speakers might use the single word 'liability' to cover a vast range of meanings, 'Dendari' specifically emphasizes the 'giving' aspect, derived from the Hindi verb 'देना' (dena), meaning 'to give'. In a financial context, it represents the debts or financial obligations a person or company owes to others. However, its usage extends beyond just money; it can describe legal responsibility or a moral obligation to rectify a situation.

Financial Context
In accounting, this word is the direct translation for 'Liabilities'. It appears on balance sheets to denote loans, accounts payable, and mortgages. If a business has high 'Dendari', it means they owe significant sums to creditors.
Legal Context
In the courtroom, it refers to legal liability. For instance, if a driver causes an accident, the 'Dendari' for the damages falls upon them. It signifies the legal requirement to compensate for loss or injury.
Moral/Social Context
While less common than 'jimmedari' (responsibility), 'Dendari' can be used to describe a debt of gratitude or a social obligation that must be 'paid back' through actions or service.

"कंपनी की कुल देनदारी उसकी संपत्ति से अधिक है।" (The company's total liability is more than its assets.)

Understanding 'Dendari' requires recognizing the suffix '-dari'. In Hindi and Urdu, this suffix often denotes a state of possession or holding (like in 'zamindari' or 'imandari'). Therefore, 'Dendari' is literally the 'holding of a giving-requirement'. It is a formal word, rarely used in casual slang but ubiquitous in news, business meetings, and official documents. When you hear a news anchor discussing the national debt, they will almost certainly use this term to describe the government's financial obligations to international banks or internal stakeholders.

"दुर्घटना के बाद, मुआवजे की देनदारी बीमा कंपनी की होगी।" (After the accident, the liability for compensation will be the insurance company's.)

Register
Formal, Professional, Legal, Financial.

"अपनी देनदारियों को समय पर चुकाना एक अच्छे नागरिक का कर्तव्य है।" (Paying off your liabilities on time is the duty of a good citizen.)

Using 'देनदारी' correctly involves pairing it with specific verbs and understanding its gender. Since it is a feminine noun, any adjectives or verbs modifying it must reflect this (e.g., 'बड़ी देनदारी' not 'बड़ा देनदारी'). The most common verbs used with this word are 'चुकाना' (to pay off/clear), 'बढ़ना' (to increase), 'कम करना' (to reduce), and 'स्वीकार करना' (to accept/acknowledge).

With 'चुकाना' (To Clear/Pay)
This is the standard way to talk about settling a debt. 'मैंने अपनी सारी देनदारी चुका दी है' (I have paid off all my liabilities).
With 'निर्धारण' (Assessment)
Often used in tax contexts. 'कर देनदारी का निर्धारण' means the assessment of tax liability.

"बैंक ने उसकी देनदारी को माफ करने से मना कर दिया।" (The bank refused to waive his liability.)

In complex sentences, 'Dendari' often acts as the subject that 'increases' or 'decreases'. For example, during an economic recession, one might say 'बाजार में कंपनियों की देनदारी बढ़ रही है' (Companies' liabilities are increasing in the market). It is also frequently used in the plural form 'देनदारियाँ' (Dendariyan) when referring to multiple distinct debts or obligations. When translating from English, if you are looking for a word that sounds professional—like 'financial commitment'—'Dendari' is your best bet.

"क्या आप अपनी कानूनी देनदारी से अवगत हैं?" (Are you aware of your legal liability?)

Common Adjectives
वित्तीय (Financial), कानूनी (Legal), असीमित (Unlimited), सीमित (Limited).

"साझेदारी फर्म में पार्टनर्स की देनदारी असीमित होती है।" (In a partnership firm, the liability of partners is unlimited.)

'देनदारी' is not typically a word you would use while buying vegetables at a local market, but it is everywhere in the professional world. If you open a Hindi newspaper like 'Dainik Bhaskar' or 'Navbharat Times', specifically the business section (Arth-Jagat), you will see this word in almost every article regarding corporate earnings or government budgets. It is the standard term used by news anchors on channels like Zee Business or CNBC Awaaz when discussing the fiscal health of the nation.

At the Bank
When applying for a loan, the manager might discuss your 'existing liabilities' (मौजूदा देनदारियाँ) to determine your repayment capacity.
In Legal Dramas
Courtroom scenes in movies or TV shows often feature lawyers arguing about who bears the 'Dendari' for a specific loss or crime.

"समाचार: सरकार ने अपनी विदेशी देनदारी को कम करने का लक्ष्य रखा है।" (News: The government has set a goal to reduce its foreign liability.)

You will also encounter this word in official government forms, especially those related to Income Tax (आयकर). The section where you declare what you owe to others will be labeled as 'देनदारियाँ'. In a corporate environment, during an annual general meeting (AGM), the CEO might explain why the company's 'Dendari' has spiked, perhaps due to expansion or new acquisitions. It carries a weight of seriousness and accountability that simpler words like 'dena' or 'paisa' lack.

"ऑडिट रिपोर्ट में कई छिपी हुई देनदारियाँ पाई गईं।" (Several hidden liabilities were found in the audit report.)

Formal Documents
Contracts, Loan Agreements, Insurance Policies, Tax Filings.

Even for intermediate learners, 'देनदारी' can be tricky because of its proximity to other words related to debt and responsibility. The most frequent mistake is using it interchangeably with 'Karz' (loan). While they are related, 'Karz' is the specific amount of money borrowed, whereas 'Dendari' is the broader obligation or the state of owing. You can have a 'Karz' which creates a 'Dendari'.

Mistake: Gender Confusion
Learners often say 'मेरा देनदारी' (masculine). Correct: 'मेरी देनदारी' (feminine). The '-dari' suffix almost always indicates a feminine noun in Hindi.
Mistake: Confusion with 'Jimmedari'
'Jimmedari' means general responsibility (like taking care of a child). 'Dendari' is specifically about 'giving' or 'paying back'. You wouldn't say it's your 'Dendari' to clean your room.

"गलत: उसने अपना देनदारी चुकाया। (He paid his liability - Masculine) सही: उसने अपनी देनदारी चुकाई। (He paid his liability - Feminine)"

Another error is using 'Dendari' when you actually mean 'Dendaar' (debtor). 'Dendaar' is the person who owes money; 'Dendari' is the obligation itself. Mixing these up can lead to confusing sentences like 'I am a Dendari' (I am a liability) instead of 'I have a Dendari' (I have an obligation). Additionally, in very formal Hindi, some might confuse it with 'Uttardayitva' (Accountability). While similar, 'Uttardayitva' is more about answering for one's actions, whereas 'Dendari' is about the tangible or legal debt arising from those actions.

"सावधान: 'देनदारी' का उपयोग केवल वित्तीय या कानूनी संदर्भों में ही करें।" (Caution: Use 'Dendari' only in financial or legal contexts.)

To truly master 'देनदारी', you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. Hindi has a rich vocabulary for debt and responsibility, ranging from Persian-derived terms to Sanskrit-based ones. Depending on whether you are in a bank, a court, or a home, the 'correct' word might shift slightly.

Karz (कर्ज) vs. Dendari
'Karz' is the most common word for 'debt'. It is used in daily life (e.g., 'मैंने उससे कर्ज लिया'). 'Dendari' is more technical and refers to the total liability. Use 'Karz' for the money, 'Dendari' for the balance sheet item.
Uttardayitva (उत्तरदायित्व) vs. Dendari
'Uttardayitva' is a high-register Sanskrit word for 'responsibility' or 'accountability'. It is broader and more abstract. 'Dendari' is specifically about what is 'due' to be given back.
Rinn (ऋण) vs. Dendari
'Rinn' is the formal Sanskrit word for debt. You will see it in terms like 'Rinn-maafi' (debt waiver). While 'Rinn' is the debt itself, 'Dendari' is the obligation to pay it.

"तुलना: 'कर्ज' व्यक्तिगत है, 'देनदारी' पेशेवर है।" (Comparison: 'Karz' is personal, 'Dendari' is professional.)

In business contexts, you might also hear 'Dayitva' (दायित्व), which is a very close synonym to 'Dendari'. 'Dayitva' is often used for 'duty' or 'obligation' in a general sense, while 'Dendari' keeps the focus on the act of giving or paying. For instance, 'Social Responsibility' is 'Samajik Uttardayitva', but 'Tax Liability' is 'Kar Dendari'. Understanding these shades of meaning allows you to sound more like a native speaker and less like a translation app.

"पर्यायवाची शब्द: दायित्व, ऋण, कर्ज, जवाबदेही।" (Synonyms: Obligation, Debt, Loan, Accountability.)

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"कंपनी की वित्तीय देनदारी का पूर्ण विवरण ऑडिट रिपोर्ट में उपलब्ध है।"

Neutral

"मेरी देनदारी पिछले महीने से कम हो गई है।"

Informal

"भाई, अपनी देनदारी जल्दी चुका दे।"

Child friendly

"अगर आप किसी से कुछ लेते हैं, तो उसे वापस करना आपकी देनदारी है।"

Slang

"उसकी देनदारी तो आसमान छू रही है! (His debt is touching the sky!)"

Fun Fact

The suffix '-dari' is incredibly productive in Hindi. It turns an action or a noun into an abstract concept of 'holding' that quality, such as 'Iman' (faith) becoming 'Imandari' (honesty).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /d̪eːn.d̪ɑː.riː/
US /deɪn.dɑː.riː/
Primary stress is on the second syllable 'da'.
Rhymes With
जिम्मेदारी (Jimmedari) ईमानदारी (Imandari) समझदारी (Samajhdari) दुकानदारी (Dukandari) वफादारी (Wafadari) हिस्सेदारी (Hissedari) किरायेदारी (Kirayedari) साझेदारी (Sajhedari)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing the 'd' as a hard retroflex 'D' (like in 'Dog'). It should be dental (like in 'The').
  • Shortening the final 'i' to a quick 'ih' sound. It must be a long 'ee'.
  • Skipping the 'n' sound in the middle.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'dena', but requires understanding of formal suffixes.

Writing 4/5

Spelling 'देनदारी' correctly is easy, but using it in the correct feminine form is tricky.

Speaking 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but rarely used in casual speech.

Listening 4/5

Frequently heard in news and business contexts, often spoken quickly.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

देना (To give) पैसे (Money) काम (Work) बैंक (Bank) कर्ज (Debt)

Learn Next

परिसंपत्ति (Asset) बजट (Budget) निवेश (Investment) मुनाफा (Profit) घाटा (Loss)

Advanced

दिवालियापन (Bankruptcy) राजकोषीय घाटा (Fiscal Deficit) परिसमापन (Liquidation) बंधक (Mortgage) प्रतिभूति (Security)

Grammar to Know

Feminine Noun Agreement

मेरी (F) देनदारी (F) बहुत बड़ी (F) है।

Plural Formation (-i to -iyan)

देनदारी -> देनदारियाँ

Compound Verbs with 'Chukana'

उसने अपनी देनदारी चुका (Root) दी (Auxiliary).

Possessive Case with 'ki'

सरकार की (F) देनदारी (F).

Oblique Plural with 'on'

अपनी देनदारियों (Oblique Plural) पर ध्यान दें।

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Examples by Level

1

मेरी थोड़ी देनदारी है।

I have a little liability.

Simple subject + noun + verb.

2

क्या यह आपकी देनदारी है?

Is this your liability?

Interrogative sentence.

3

देनदारी अच्छी नहीं होती।

Liability is not good.

General statement.

4

उसकी देनदारी कम है।

His liability is low.

Using 'kam' (less) as an adjective.

5

मुझे देनदारी देनी है।

I have to give the liability.

Use of 'deni hai' for obligation.

6

यह मेरी देनदारी नहीं है।

This is not my liability.

Negative sentence.

7

देनदारी का मतलब कर्ज है।

Liability means debt.

Defining a term.

8

राम की देनदारी बड़ी है।

Ram's liability is big.

Possessive 'ki' with feminine noun.

1

आपको अपनी देनदारी चुकानी चाहिए।

You should pay off your liability.

Use of 'chahiye' for suggestion.

2

बैंक की देनदारी बहुत ज्यादा है।

The bank's liability is very high.

Adverb 'bahut' modifying 'jyada'.

3

क्या आपने देनदारी की लिस्ट बनाई?

Did you make a list of liabilities?

Past tense 'banai'.

4

मेरी कुल देनदारी दस हजार रुपये है।

My total liability is ten thousand rupees.

Using 'kul' for total.

5

वह अपनी देनदारी से डरता है।

He is afraid of his liability.

Verb 'darna' with 'se'.

6

हमें अपनी देनदारी कम करनी होगी।

We will have to reduce our liability.

Future obligation 'hogi'.

7

यह देनदारी पिछले साल की है।

This liability is from last year.

Temporal reference.

8

व्यापार में देनदारी होती ही है।

There is always liability in business.

General truth with 'hi'.

1

कंपनी अपनी देनदारी चुकाने में असमर्थ है।

The company is unable to pay its liability.

Use of 'asamarth' (unable).

2

आयकर विभाग ने मेरी देनदारी तय की है।

The Income Tax department has fixed my liability.

Perfect tense 'tay ki hai'.

3

बिना सोचे-समझे देनदारी नहीं लेनी चाहिए।

One should not take on liability without thinking.

Compound verb 'soche-samjhe'.

4

उसकी देनदारियां दिन-ब-दिन बढ़ रही हैं।

His liabilities are increasing day by day.

Plural 'denidariyan' with continuous tense.

5

क्या इस अनुबंध में कोई छिपी हुई देनदारी है?

Is there any hidden liability in this contract?

Adjective 'chhipi hui' (hidden).

6

कोर्ट ने दुर्घटना के लिए उसकी देनदारी तय की।

The court fixed his liability for the accident.

Simple past 'tay ki'.

7

पार्टनरशिप में देनदारी सबकी होती है।

In a partnership, the liability belongs to everyone.

Pronoun 'sabki' (everyone's).

8

अपनी वित्तीय देनदारी का प्रबंधन करना सीखें।

Learn to manage your financial liability.

Imperative 'seekhen'.

1

लिमिटेड कंपनी में मालिकों की देनदारी सीमित होती है।

In a limited company, the liability of the owners is limited.

Technical terminology.

2

सरकार अपनी विदेशी देनदारियों को पुनर्गठित कर रही है।

The government is restructuring its foreign liabilities.

Advanced verb 'punargathit karna'.

3

क्या बीमा कंपनी इस देनदारी को कवर करेगी?

Will the insurance company cover this liability?

Future tense interrogative.

4

उसने अपनी सारी संपत्ति बेचकर देनदारी चुकाई।

He paid the liability by selling all his property.

Participle 'bechkar' (by selling).

5

ऑडिट के दौरान कई अनपेक्षित देनदारियां सामने आईं।

Several unexpected liabilities came to light during the audit.

Adjective 'anapekshit' (unexpected).

6

नैतिक रूप से भी आपकी कुछ देनदारी बनती है।

Morally too, you have some liability.

Adverb 'naitik roop se' (morally).

7

बैंक ने देनदारी की वसूली के लिए कानूनी नोटिस भेजा है।

The bank has sent a legal notice for the recovery of the liability.

Noun 'vasooli' (recovery).

8

बढ़ती देनदारी के कारण कंपनी दिवालिया हो गई।

The company went bankrupt due to increasing liability.

Reasoning with 'ke karan'.

1

पर्यावरणीय नुकसान के लिए कॉर्पोरेट देनदारी एक गंभीर मुद्दा है।

Corporate liability for environmental damage is a serious issue.

Complex subject phrase.

2

इस कानून के तहत, उत्पादक की देनदारी असीमित हो सकती है।

Under this law, the producer's liability can be unlimited.

Modal 'ho sakti hai'.

3

विदेशी मुद्रा में उतार-चढ़ाव देनदारी के बोझ को बढ़ा सकता है।

Fluctuations in foreign currency can increase the burden of liability.

Abstract noun 'utar-chadhav'.

4

न्यायालय ने स्पष्ट किया कि यह देनदारी व्यक्तिगत नहीं है।

The court clarified that this liability is not personal.

Subordinate clause with 'ki'.

5

ऋण संकट के समय देनदारियों का मूल्यांकन करना कठिन होता है।

It is difficult to evaluate liabilities during a debt crisis.

Gerund 'mulyankan karna'.

6

उसने अपनी सामाजिक देनदारी को पहचानते हुए दान दिया।

Recognizing his social liability, he gave a donation.

Present participle 'pahchantey hue'.

7

क्या आप जानते हैं कि देनदारी का हस्तांतरण कैसे होता है?

Do you know how the transfer of liability happens?

Noun 'hastantaran' (transfer).

8

सरकारी नीतियों ने निजी क्षेत्र की देनदारी को प्रभावित किया है।

Government policies have affected the liability of the private sector.

Perfect tense 'prabhavit kiya hai'.

1

सभ्यता के प्रति हमारी देनदारी का ऋण कभी नहीं चुकाया जा सकता।

The debt of our liability toward civilization can never be repaid.

Metaphorical usage.

2

दार्शनिक दृष्टिकोण से, अस्तित्व स्वयं एक देनदारी है।

From a philosophical perspective, existence itself is a liability.

High-level abstract thought.

3

संधि की शर्तों ने राष्ट्र पर भारी वित्तीय देनदारी थोप दी।

The terms of the treaty imposed a heavy financial liability on the nation.

Verb 'thop dena' (to impose).

4

विधिक सूक्ष्मताओं के कारण देनदारी का निर्धारण पेचीदा हो गया।

Due to legal subtleties, the determination of liability became complicated.

Noun 'sookshmataon' (subtleties).

5

क्या मानवता की देनदारी केवल वर्तमान पीढ़ी तक सीमित है?

Is humanity's liability limited only to the current generation?

Rhetorical question.

6

कंपनी के विखंडन के बाद देनदारियों का बँटवारा विवादित रहा।

The distribution of liabilities after the company's fragmentation remained disputed.

Noun 'vikhandan' (fragmentation).

7

देनदारी की इस अवधारणा ने आधुनिक बैंकिंग की नींव रखी।

This concept of liability laid the foundation of modern banking.

Historical context.

8

उसने अपनी कृतियों के माध्यम से अपनी बौद्धिक देनदारी को व्यक्त किया।

He expressed his intellectual liability through his works.

Adjective 'bauddhik' (intellectual).

Common Collocations

कुल देनदारी
कानूनी देनदारी
देनदारी चुकाना
कर देनदारी
देनदारी का निर्धारण
विदेशी देनदारी
सीमित देनदारी
असीमित देनदारी
देनदारी से मुक्ति
छिपी हुई देनदारी

Common Phrases

देनदारी का बोझ

— The burden of debt/liability.

वह देनदारी के बोझ तले दबा है।

देनदारी स्वीकार करना

— To accept or acknowledge a liability.

उसने अपनी गलती और देनदारी स्वीकार की।

देनदारी से बचना

— To avoid or evade a liability.

देनदारी से बचना कानूनी अपराध है।

देनदारी कम करना

— To reduce one's obligations.

कंपनी अपनी देनदारी कम करने की कोशिश कर रही है।

देनदारी का भुगतान

— Payment of liability.

देनदारी का भुगतान समय पर करें।

देनदारी का हस्तांतरण

— Transfer of liability to another party.

देनदारी का हस्तांतरण संभव नहीं है।

देनदारी की सीमा

— The limit of liability.

बीमा में देनदारी की सीमा होती है।

साझा देनदारी

— Shared or joint liability.

यह हम दोनों की साझा देनदारी है।

देनदारी का हिसाब

— The account or calculation of liabilities.

अपना देनदारी का हिसाब साफ रखें।

अल्पकालिक देनदारी

— Short-term liability.

अल्पकालिक देनदारी को जल्दी चुकाना चाहिए।

Often Confused With

देनदारी vs देनदार (Dendaar)

Dendaar is the person (debtor), while Dendari is the debt (liability).

देनदारी vs लेनदारी (Lendari)

Lendari means 'receivables' (money others owe you), the exact opposite of Dendari.

देनदारी vs जिम्मेदारी (Jimmedari)

Jimmedari is general responsibility, whereas Dendari is specifically about owing or paying.

Idioms & Expressions

"देनदारी के जाल में फँसना"

— To be caught in a trap of debt.

वह अपनी फिजूलखर्ची के कारण देनदारी के जाल में फँस गया।

Informal
"सिर पर देनदारी होना"

— To have the weight of debt on one's head.

मेरे सिर पर बहुत देनदारी है।

Neutral
"देनदारी उतारना"

— To take off the burden of debt (to pay off).

उसने कड़ी मेहनत करके अपनी देनदारी उतारी।

Neutral
"देनदारी का पहाड़"

— A mountain of debt (huge liability).

उसके सामने देनदारी का पहाड़ खड़ा है।

Informal
"देनदारी से हाथ धोना"

— To lose the ability to pay or be freed from it (rare).

दिवालिया घोषित होने पर वह देनदारी से हाथ धो बैठा।

Informal
"देनदारी को गले लगाना"

— To knowingly take on a liability.

नया बिजनेस शुरू करना देनदारी को गले लगाने जैसा है।

Informal
"देनदारी का साया"

— The shadow of debt (constant worry).

उसका जीवन देनदारी के साये में बीत रहा है।

Literary
"देनदारी चुकता करना"

— To settle accounts fully.

उसने पाई-पाई देनदारी चुकता कर दी।

Neutral
"देनदारी की आग"

— The fire of debt (destructive liability).

देनदारी की आग घर बर्बाद कर देती है।

Literary
"देनदारी से आँखें मूँदना"

— To ignore one's liabilities.

देनदारी से आँखें मूँदने से समस्या हल नहीं होगी।

Informal

Easily Confused

देनदारी vs कर्ज

Both mean debt.

'Karz' is the borrowed money; 'Dendari' is the legal or financial obligation to pay.

मैंने 5 लाख का कर्ज लिया, अब मेरी देनदारी बढ़ गई है।

देनदारी vs ऋण

Both are formal words for debt.

'Rinn' is a Sanskritized word for a loan; 'Dendari' is a Persian-Hindi hybrid for liability.

बैंक ऋण की देनदारी चुकानी होगी।

देनदारी vs दायित्व

Both mean obligation.

'Dayitva' is broader (duty/responsibility); 'Dendari' is narrower (financial/legal due).

बच्चों को पालना दायित्व है, बिल भरना देनदारी है।

देनदारी vs बकाया

Both refer to money owed.

'Bakaya' is the 'remaining balance'; 'Dendari' is the 'state of owing'.

पिछले महीने का बकाया मेरी देनदारी में शामिल है।

देनदारी vs किस्त

Both relate to paying back.

'Kist' is the 'installment' (part of the payment); 'Dendari' is the 'total liability'.

किस्त चुकाने से देनदारी कम होती है।

Sentence Patterns

A2

मेरी [Amount] देनदारी है।

मेरी 500 रुपये देनदारी है।

A2

क्या आपकी देनदारी [Adjective] है?

क्या आपकी देनदारी बड़ी है?

B1

[Subject] अपनी देनदारी चुका रहा है।

वह अपनी देनदारी चुका रहा है।

B1

[Adjective] देनदारी से बचें।

भारी देनदारी से बचें।

B2

कंपनी की [Category] देनदारी बढ़ गई है।

कंपनी की कुल देनदारी बढ़ गई है।

B2

[Reason] के कारण देनदारी हुई।

गलती के कारण देनदारी हुई।

C1

देनदारी का निर्धारण [Authority] करेगा।

देनदारी का निर्धारण कोर्ट करेगा।

C2

देनदारी के इस चक्र को तोड़ना [Adjective] है।

देनदारी के इस चक्र को तोड़ना कठिन है।

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Related

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How to Use It

frequency

High in news, business, and law; Low in casual street talk.

Common Mistakes
  • मेरा देनदारी → मेरी देनदारी

    देनदारी is a feminine noun, so it requires the feminine possessive pronoun.

  • मैं देनदारी हूँ → मुझ पर देनदारी है

    You are not the liability; you have the liability. Use 'Dendaar' if you want to say 'I am a debtor'.

  • देनदारी चुकाया → देनदारी चुकाई

    The verb must agree with the feminine noun 'देनदारी'.

  • बहुत सारे देनदारी → बहुत सारी देनदारियाँ

    If there are many, use the feminine plural form.

  • जिम्मेदारी and देनदारी interchanged → Depends on context

    Using 'Dendari' for household chores is incorrect; that is 'Jimmedari'.

Tips

Feminine Suffix

Words ending in '-dari' like 'देनदारी' are almost always feminine in Hindi. Always check your adjective agreement!

Root Recognition

Connect it to 'देना' (to give). If you have a 'Dendari', you have a 'giving-requirement'.

Business Hindi

This is a key word for anyone working in finance or law in India. Master it to sound professional.

Karz vs Dendari

Use 'Karz' for the cash you borrowed, 'Dendari' for the entry on your balance sheet.

Dental D

Keep the 'D' soft. Don't let it sound like the 'D' in 'Door'. It's more like the 'th' in 'This'.

Plural Spelling

When making it plural, the long 'i' (ी) becomes a short 'i' (ि) before adding 'ियाँ'. So, देनदारियाँ.

Debt-Diary

Think of a 'Debt-Diary' where you write your 'Dendari'.

Avoid Slang

Avoid using this in very casual settings with friends; it might sound too stiff or overly dramatic.

Kar Dendari

Every year in March (India's tax month), you will hear 'Kar Dendari' (Tax liability) everywhere. Watch the news then!

Persian Influence

The suffix '-dari' is a remnant of Persian influence on Hindi, similar to 'Zamindari'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'DEN' (giving) + 'DARI' (daily). You have a 'DEN-DARI' if you have to 'give' something 'daily' (like an installment).

Visual Association

Imagine a balance sheet where the 'Liabilities' column is labeled 'DEN-DARI' with an arrow pointing away from the person, showing money going out.

Word Web

Finance Law Debt Responsibility Payment Balance Sheet Obligation Dena

Challenge

Write three sentences about a company's financial health using the word 'देनदारी' and its plural form 'देनदारियाँ'.

Word Origin

Derived from the Hindi/Sanskrit root 'देना' (dena - to give) combined with the Persian suffix '-दारी' (-dari - state of holding/possession).

Original meaning: The state of being a giver or having something that must be given.

Indo-Aryan (with Persian influence).

Cultural Context

Be careful when discussing someone's 'Dendari' as it can be a sensitive topic related to their financial stability.

In English-speaking cultures, 'liability' is often a cold, corporate term. In Hindi, 'Dendari' can feel more personal and weighty.

Used frequently in the 'Budget Speech' by the Indian Finance Minister. A common term in Hindi business news channels like CNBC Awaaz. Appears in legal documents in Bollywood courtroom dramas.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Banking

  • ऋण देनदारी (Loan liability)
  • ब्याज की देनदारी (Interest liability)
  • देनदारी का निपटान (Settlement of liability)
  • मासिक देनदारी (Monthly liability)

Law

  • कानूनी देनदारी (Legal liability)
  • क्षतिपूर्ति की देनदारी (Liability for compensation)
  • देनदारी का खंडन (Denial of liability)
  • साझा देनदारी (Joint liability)

Taxes

  • आयकर देनदारी (Income tax liability)
  • जीएसटी देनदारी (GST liability)
  • देनदारी की गणना (Calculation of liability)
  • अतिरिक्त देनदारी (Additional liability)

Business

  • कॉर्पोरेट देनदारी (Corporate liability)
  • देनदारी का प्रबंधन (Liability management)
  • देनदारी का बोझ (Debt burden)
  • देनदारियों का विवरण (Statement of liabilities)

Personal Life

  • पुरानी देनदारी (Old debt)
  • देनदारी से डर (Fear of debt)
  • देनदारी चुकाना (To pay back)
  • पारिवारिक देनदारी (Family liability)

Conversation Starters

"क्या आपकी कंपनी की देनदारी इस साल बढ़ी है?"

"आप अपनी कर देनदारी को कैसे कम करते हैं?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि देनदारी लेना हमेशा बुरा होता है?"

"दुर्घटना के मामले में, देनदारी किसकी होनी चाहिए?"

"क्या आपने अपनी सारी देनदारियां चुका दी हैं?"

Journal Prompts

आज अपनी सभी वित्तीय देनदारियों की एक सूची बनाएं और उन्हें चुकाने की योजना लिखें।

क्या आप पर कोई ऐसी 'नैतिक देनदारी' है जिसे आप चुकाना चाहते हैं? विस्तार से लिखें।

देनदारी और संपत्ति (Asset) के बीच के संतुलन पर अपने विचार लिखें।

एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जब आपने अपनी देनदारी समय पर चुकाई और आपको कैसा महसूस हुआ।

यदि किसी देश की देनदारी बहुत बढ़ जाए, तो उसके नागरिकों पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

It is a feminine noun. You should use 'मेरी', 'अपनी', 'बड़ी' with it. Example: 'उसकी देनदारी खत्म हो गई।'

Yes, but it is less common than 'जिम्मेदारी' or 'कर्तव्य'. It implies a sense of 'owing' something back to society or a person. Example: 'समाज के प्रति मेरी भी कुछ देनदारी है।'

In accounting, the opposite is 'परिसंपत्ति' (Asset). In general terms, it could be 'लेनदारी' (Receivables).

It is called 'कर देनदारी' (Kar Dendari).

Not exactly. 'Karz' is the loan itself. 'Dendari' is the total amount you are liable to pay, which might include the loan plus interest and other fees.

It means 'Limited Liability', a term used for companies where the owners are not personally responsible for the company's debts beyond their investment.

No, that means 'I am a liability'. You should say 'मुझ पर देनदारी है' (I have a liability) or 'मैं देनदार हूँ' (I am a debtor).

The plural is 'देनदारियाँ' (Dendariyan).

Use 'देनदारी' in formal settings, business reports, or when talking about legal obligations. Use 'कर्ज' in daily conversation.

Yes, it can apply to legal responsibilities, like being liable for damages in a car accident.

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Test Yourself 99 questions

writing

Write a sentence in Hindi: 'I have a small liability.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Translate: 'Pay your liability.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
writing

Write a sentence using 'देनदारियाँ' (plural).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
speaking

Say 'Meri dendari' (My liability) out loud.

Read this aloud:

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer:
listening

Identify the word: 'देनदारी' in the sentence: 'अपनी देनदारी समय पर चुकाएं।'

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