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A2 noun #1,500 most common 13 min read

모양

moyang Top 1,500

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 모양 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 모양 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '모양' is introduced primarily as a simple noun meaning 'shape'. When you are just starting to learn Korean, you need basic vocabulary to describe the world around you, and '모양' is essential for this. You will learn it alongside basic geometric terms like '동그라미' (circle), '네모' (square), and '세모' (triangle). To describe an object's shape, you simply combine the shape word with '모양'. For example, '동그라미 모양' means 'circle shape'. You can use this to describe everyday items. If you see a round clock, you can say '시계가 동그라미 모양이에요' (The clock is a circle shape). You will also learn to use '모양' with descriptive verbs like '예쁘다' (to be pretty) or '이상하다' (to be strange). For instance, '이 가방은 모양이 예뻐요' (This bag's shape is pretty). At this stage, the focus is entirely on the literal, physical appearance of concrete objects. You don't need to worry about the complex grammatical patterns or metaphorical uses yet. Just practice identifying objects and describing their basic shapes using '모양'. It is a very straightforward and highly useful word for beginners navigating daily life, shopping, or simply pointing things out. Remember that '모양' is a noun, so it takes noun particles like '이/가' or '은/는' depending on its role in the sentence. Keep practicing by looking around your room and describing the shapes of the things you see. '책상은 네모 모양이에요' (The desk is a square shape). '공은 동그라미 모양이에요' (The ball is a circle shape). This foundational understanding will prepare you for the more advanced uses of the word in later levels.

At the A2 level, your understanding of '모양' expands significantly. While you continue to use it to describe physical shapes, you now start applying it to more complex objects and designs. You can describe the cut of clothing, the design of furniture, or the style of someone's hair. For example, '머리 모양' (hairstyle) becomes a very useful phrase. You might say '새로운 머리 모양이 마음에 들어요' (I like your new hairstyle). More importantly, at the A2 level, you are introduced to the crucial grammatical pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'. This pattern elevates '모양' from a simple noun to a functional grammatical tool used for making inferences. It translates to 'it seems that...' or 'it looks like...'. You learn to use this when you observe a situation and make a logical guess based on that observation. For example, if you see your friend yawning, you can say '피곤한 모양이에요' (It seems like you are tired). If you see people carrying umbrellas, you say '비가 오는 모양이에요' (It seems like it is raining). This is a major step forward in your conversational ability, allowing you to express thoughts beyond simple facts. You must learn the conjugation rules: '-는 모양이다' for present tense action verbs, '-(으)ㄴ 모양이다' for past tense action verbs and present tense descriptive verbs. Practice is key here. Try observing people or situations around you and forming sentences using this pattern. This dual usage—as a noun for physical appearance and as a bound noun for logical inference—makes '모양' one of the most important words to master at the A2 level. It bridges the gap between basic description and intermediate conversational skills.

At the B1 level, you refine your use of '모양' and begin to understand its nuances compared to similar words. You are now comfortable with the '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' pattern, but you must learn to distinguish it clearly from '-(으)ㄹ 것 같다'. You learn that '모양이다' requires objective, visual, or contextual evidence, whereas '것 같다' can be used for subjective feelings or predictions without hard evidence. This distinction is crucial for sounding natural. Furthermore, you start exploring the metaphorical uses of '모양' as an independent noun. You learn that '모양' can describe the 'state' or 'situation' of something, not just its physical geometry. For example, if a project is a mess, someone might say '일의 모양이 이상하게 돌아간다' (The state of the work is turning strange). You also begin to learn common idiomatic expressions. '모양을 내다' (to dress up/decorate) becomes a useful phrase for describing someone who has put effort into their appearance. '오늘 데이트가 있어서 모양을 좀 냈어요' (I dressed up a bit because I have a date today). You also learn the negative idiom '모양이 빠지다' (to lose face/look bad). '거기서 화를 내면 모양이 빠져요' (If you get angry there, you will lose face). Additionally, you must master the difference between '모양' and '모습'. You learn that '모양' is strictly for objects and geometric forms, while '모습' is used for the appearance or figure of people and living scenes. Correcting the common mistake of using '모양' to describe a person's general look is a key objective at this level. Your vocabulary becomes more precise and culturally attuned.

At the B2 level, '모양' is fully integrated into your active vocabulary, and you use it with high fluency in both its literal and grammatical forms. You are expected to use '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' effortlessly in complex sentences, combining it with various verb tenses and irregular conjugations. You also encounter the word in more formal and abstract contexts. You learn the derivative word '모양새', which emphasizes the overall look, state, or presentation of a situation or object, often used in professional or critical contexts. For example, '이 보고서는 모양새가 갖춰지지 않았다' (This report lacks proper formatting/presentation). You also learn to use '모양' in conjunction with other advanced grammar patterns. You understand how '모양' relates to social dignity and face in Korean culture, deeply grasping idioms like '모양 빠지다' and using them appropriately in conversation. At this level, you also start encountering '모양' in written texts, such as news articles or essays, where it might describe the 'shape' of an economic recovery or the 'form' of a new social trend. The word '형태' (form/structure) becomes a more frequent alternative in these formal contexts, and you must know exactly when to choose '형태' over '모양'. Your understanding of '모양' is no longer just about geometry or simple guesses; it encompasses a broad spectrum of meanings related to appearance, state, presentation, and logical deduction based on complex evidence. You can engage in debates or discussions where you critique the '모양' (state/appearance) of a policy or a public figure's actions.

At the C1 level, your command of '모양' is near-native. You understand its subtle connotations and can use it in highly sophisticated and idiomatic ways. You are comfortable with the colloquial and sometimes derogatory alternative '꼴', knowing exactly when it is appropriate to use it for rhetorical effect to criticize a situation (e.g., '이게 무슨 꼴이냐' vs '이게 무슨 모양이냐'). You use '모양' effortlessly in complex, multi-clause sentences to make nuanced inferences. You are also familiar with less common idioms and proverbs that feature the word. In professional and academic settings, you skillfully navigate the use of '모양', '모양새', '형태', and '형식', choosing the precise word that fits the register and specific meaning required. You can analyze literature or media where '모양' is used metaphorically to describe the human condition or societal structures. You understand that '모양' can sometimes imply a superficial appearance as opposed to inner substance, and you can discuss these philosophical nuances in Korean. For instance, you might discuss how someone is '모양만 그럴싸하다' (only looks plausible on the outside/is all show and no substance). Your use of the word is characterized by precision, cultural depth, and an intuitive grasp of its stylistic variations. You don't just know what the word means; you know how it feels to a native speaker and can wield it to express irony, criticism, or subtle observation.

At the C2 level, '모양' is a seamless part of your linguistic repertoire. You possess a complete, intuitive mastery of the word in all its forms, registers, and historical contexts. You can effortlessly comprehend and produce classical or literary uses of '모양'. You understand how the concept of '모양' (appearance/face) is deeply intertwined with Korean social philosophy and interpersonal dynamics, and you can articulate these concepts fluently. You can play with the word, using it in puns or creative writing. You recognize regional variations or generational differences in how '모양' and its related idioms are used. When reading complex academic papers, legal documents, or classic literature, you instantly grasp the specific nuance of '모양' intended by the author. You can write persuasive essays or deliver speeches where you manipulate the concept of '모양' to critique societal norms or advocate for change. Your understanding transcends the dictionary definition; it is a deep, cultural comprehension of how Koreans perceive form, appearance, and inference. You can effortlessly explain the subtle differences between '모양', '모습', '형태', '형상', and '외관' to a lower-level learner, demonstrating your absolute command of the Korean vocabulary spectrum related to appearance and form.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

모양 in 30 Seconds

Physical shape or form
Appearance or look
State of a situation
Grammar: 'It seems that...'

The Korean word '모양' is an incredibly versatile and fundamental noun that every learner must master to achieve fluency. At its most basic level, it translates to 'shape,' 'form,' or 'appearance' in English. When you look at an object, the physical outline or the geometric structure you perceive is its '모양'. For instance, if you are holding a round apple, the roundness is its '모양'. This concept extends beyond simple geometry to encompass the overall visual impression something gives off. When people use this word in daily conversation, they might be describing the design of a new piece of furniture, the cut of a piece of clothing, or even the way a person's hair is styled.

Physical Shape: Used to describe the geometric or physical outline of an object, such as a circle, square, or the specific design of a product.

The utility of '모양' is not limited to physical objects. It is frequently employed to describe the state of affairs or the situation at hand. If a project is going poorly, a native speaker might describe the 'shape' of the situation using this word, implying that the current state is less than ideal.

이 구름은 강아지 모양입니다.

Furthermore, '모양' plays a crucial grammatical role in the Korean language. It is used in the highly common pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다', which translates to 'it seems that...' or 'it appears that...'. In this context, '모양' acts as a bound noun, relying on the preceding modifying clause to give it meaning. This grammatical structure is essential for expressing conjecture or inference based on observable evidence. For example, if you see someone carrying an umbrella and wearing a raincoat, you might infer that it is raining outside. You would express this inference using the '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' pattern. The word '모양' therefore bridges the gap between concrete physical description and abstract logical deduction. Understanding when and how to use '모양' will significantly enhance your ability to communicate nuanced thoughts and observations in Korean. Native speakers use it effortlessly in a wide variety of contexts, from casual chats about the weather to formal presentations about product design.

State of Affairs: Used metaphorically to describe how a situation looks or is unfolding, often with a slightly negative or critical tone.

It is a word that carries both literal and figurative weight, making it a cornerstone of expressive Korean communication. As you continue to study and practice, you will notice '모양' appearing in numerous idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. For example, the phrase '모양을 내다' means to dress up or to make something look nice, highlighting the connection between '모양' and aesthetic appeal.

비가 오는 모양이에요.

Conversely, the phrase '모양이 빠지다' translates literally to 'the shape falls out', but it is used idiomatically to mean 'to lose face' or 'to look bad' in a social context. This demonstrates how deeply ingrained the concept of '모양' is in Korean culture and social dynamics. Your appearance and the 'shape' you present to the world are considered important, and this word encapsulates that cultural value. In summary, '모양' is much more than just a simple translation of 'shape'. It is a multifaceted word that serves as a descriptive tool, a grammatical building block, and a cultural touchstone. By mastering its various meanings and applications, you will unlock a deeper understanding of the Korean language and the way native speakers perceive and describe the world around them.

Social Appearance: Refers to one's dignity, face, or how one is perceived by others in society, often used in idioms.

그렇게 행동하면 모양이 빠져요.

별 모양 쿠키를 만들었어요.

회의 모양새가 좋지 않다.

Using '모양' correctly in sentences requires an understanding of its dual nature as both an independent noun and a bound noun within specific grammatical structures. When used as an independent noun meaning 'shape' or 'appearance', it functions like any other noun in Korean. You can attach subject markers (이/가), topic markers (은/는), or object markers (을/를) to it.

Independent Noun Usage: When referring to the physical form of something, '모양' stands alone and takes standard noun particles.

For example, to say 'The shape is pretty', you would say '모양이 예뻐요'. Here, '모양' is the subject of the sentence, marked by the particle '이', and '예뻐요' is the descriptive verb. You can also use it to describe the shape of a specific object by placing the object's name before '모양'. For instance, '하트 모양' means 'heart shape', and '별 모양' means 'star shape'.

이 케이크는 하트 모양입니다.

This is incredibly useful when shopping, cooking, or describing things you see. However, the most complex and frequently tested usage of '모양' for learners is its role in the grammatical pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'. This pattern is used to express a guess, inference, or assumption based on some observable fact or situation. It translates roughly to 'it seems that...' or 'it looks like...'. The conjugation depends on the tense and the type of verb preceding it. For present tense action verbs, you attach '-는' to the verb stem, followed by '모양이다'. For example, '비가 오는 모양이다' means 'It seems like it is raining'.

Action Verbs (Present): Verb stem + 는 모양이다. Example: 먹는 모양이다 (It seems they are eating).

For past tense action verbs, you use '-(으)ㄴ 모양이다'. For example, '비가 온 모양이다' means 'It seems like it rained'. For descriptive verbs (adjectives) in the present tense, you also use '-(으)ㄴ 모양이다'. For example, '바쁜 모양이다' means 'It seems like they are busy'.

사람들이 우산을 쓰는 걸 보니 비가 오는 모양이에요.

It is crucial to remember that this pattern is used when you have some basis for your guess. You shouldn't use it for pure speculation without any evidence. If you are just guessing without seeing anything, patterns like '-(으)ㄹ 것 같다' are more appropriate. Another important usage is in idiomatic expressions. '모양을 내다' means to dress up or decorate. '모양이 빠지다' means to lose face or look undignified.

Descriptive Verbs: Adjective stem + (으)ㄴ 모양이다. Example: 예쁜 모양이다 (It seems to be pretty).

These idioms treat '모양' as a representation of one's social standing or aesthetic value. When using these, '모양' is typically followed by the object marker '을/를' or the subject marker '이/가'.

오늘 데이트가 있어서 모양을 좀 냈어요.

Mastering these different sentence structures will greatly improve your fluency. You will move from simply pointing out shapes to making complex inferences and understanding subtle social nuances in Korean conversations. Practice combining '모양' with different adjectives to describe objects, and practice the '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' pattern with various verbs to express your observations about the world around you.

그가 화가 난 모양입니다.

학생들이 열심히 공부하는 모양이에요.

You will encounter the word '모양' in a vast array of everyday situations in Korea, making it an indispensable part of your vocabulary. One of the most common places you'll hear it is in retail environments, particularly clothing stores, furniture shops, and bakeries. When shopping for clothes, a salesperson might describe the cut or silhouette of a dress by saying '이 옷은 모양이 아주 예쁘게 나왔어요' (This dress has a very pretty shape).

Shopping & Retail: Frequently used to describe the design, cut, or physical form of products being sold.

In a bakery, you might ask for a pastry based on its shape, such as '저기 곰돌이 모양 빵 주세요' (Please give me that bear-shaped bread over there).

이 안경은 모양이 독특하네요.

Another frequent context is at the hair salon. When discussing how you want your hair cut or styled, you might use '모양' to describe the overall look. For example, '머리 모양을 좀 바꾸고 싶어요' (I want to change my hairstyle). Here, '머리 모양' translates directly to 'hair shape' but means 'hairstyle'. Beyond physical descriptions, you will hear the grammatical pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' constantly in daily conversations, news broadcasts, and dramas. When people are gossiping or making observations about others, this pattern is the go-to structure.

Daily Conversations: Used extensively to make inferences about people's actions, feelings, or the weather.

For instance, if a coworker is yawning repeatedly, someone might say '어제 늦게 잔 모양이에요' (It seems like they slept late yesterday). In weather forecasts or casual chats about the weather, if the sky is dark and cloudy, you'll hear '곧 비가 올 모양입니다' (It looks like it will rain soon).

두 사람이 싸운 모양이에요.

Furthermore, in professional or formal settings, the word '모양새' (a variation of 모양 emphasizing the state or appearance of a situation) is often used. A manager might criticize a poorly organized report by saying '보고서 모양새가 이게 뭡니까?' (What is the state of this report?).

Professional Settings: Used to critique the organization, presentation, or overall 'look' of a project or document.

You will also hear idioms involving '모양' in social situations. If someone trips and falls in public, they might mutter '아, 모양 빠지네' (Ah, I look so uncool / I lost face). This shows how the word is tied to social dignity.

길에서 넘어지다니 정말 모양 빠진다.

In educational settings, teachers use '모양' to teach children about geometry, asking them to identify circles (동그라미 모양), squares (네모 모양), and triangles (세모 모양). Therefore, whether you are buying a cake, gossiping with a friend, attending a business meeting, or watching a Korean drama, '모양' is a word that will constantly pop up, proving its status as a high-frequency, essential vocabulary item.

이 종이를 세모 모양으로 접으세요.

구두 모양이 마음에 들어요.

When learning the word '모양', English speakers often make several predictable mistakes, primarily stemming from confusing it with similar words or misapplying its grammatical structures. One of the most frequent errors is confusing '모양' with '모습'. While both can translate to 'appearance' or 'shape', they are used differently. '모양' typically refers to the physical, geometric outline or design of an inanimate object.

모양 vs 모습: '모양' is for objects and geometric shapes. '모습' is for the figure, image, or state of a person or a living scene.

For example, you would say '사과 모양' (apple shape), but you would not usually say '사람 모양' to describe a person's general appearance unless you are talking about a doll or a cookie shaped like a person. For a person's appearance, figure, or the way they look while doing something, '모습' is the correct word. Saying '그 사람의 모양이 멋있어요' sounds unnatural; instead, you should say '그 사람의 모습이 멋있어요'.

공부하는 모습이 보기 좋아요. (Not 모양)

Another common mistake occurs with the grammatical pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'. Learners often confuse this with '-(으)ㄹ 것 같다', which also means 'it seems like' or 'I think'. The key difference lies in the basis of the guess. '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' must be based on objective, observable evidence. You see something, and based on that, you make an inference. '-(으)ㄹ 것 같다' is much broader and can be used for subjective feelings, gut instincts, or predictions without hard evidence. If you say '내일 비가 올 모양이다', it implies you saw a weather forecast or dark clouds. If you just have a feeling it might rain, '내일 비가 올 것 같다' is better.

Conjugation Errors: Mixing up the present and past tense modifiers before '모양이다' is a frequent mistake.

Furthermore, learners often struggle with the conjugation rules for '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'. They might attach '-는' to descriptive verbs (adjectives) instead of '-(으)ㄴ'. For example, saying '예쁘는 모양이다' is incorrect; it must be '예쁜 모양이다'. Similarly, for past tense action verbs, they might mistakenly use '-는' instead of '-(으)ㄴ'.

밥을 다 먹은 모양이에요. (Correct past tense)

Lastly, learners sometimes try to use '모양' as an adjective directly, saying things like '이것은 아주 모양해요' (This is very shape-y). '모양' is strictly a noun. To describe something as having a good shape, you must use a descriptive verb alongside it, such as '모양이 예쁘다' (the shape is pretty) or '모양이 독특하다' (the shape is unique). By being aware of these distinctions—especially the difference between '모양' and '모습', and the specific evidentiary requirement for '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'—you can avoid the most common pitfalls and sound much more natural in your Korean expression.

그녀가 피곤한 모양입니다. (Not 피곤하는)

상자 모양이 이상해요.

비싼 모양이네요. (Correct adjective conjugation)

The Korean language is rich with vocabulary related to appearance, form, and shape, and understanding the nuances between '모양' and its synonyms is key to advanced proficiency. Several words can be translated as 'shape' or 'appearance', but they are not always interchangeable.

모습 (Figure / Image): Refers to the overall figure, image, or appearance of a person, animal, or a dynamic scene. It has a more lively, human element than 모양.

As discussed in the common mistakes section, '모습' is the most frequent point of confusion. While '모양' focuses on the static, physical outline of an object (like a square box or a round ball), '모습' captures the essence, figure, or state of a living being or a scene. For example, '아이들이 뛰어노는 모습' (the sight/image of children playing) is correct, whereas using '모양' here would be wrong.

그의 뒷모습이 쓸쓸해 보였다.

Another highly related word is '형태' (形態). This is a more formal, Sino-Korean word that translates to 'form' or 'structure'. While '모양' is an everyday word used for simple shapes, '형태' is used in more academic, technical, or abstract contexts.

형태 (Form / Structure): A formal, often academic term referring to the structural form or configuration of something, both physical and abstract.

For instance, you might discuss the '형태' of a new government policy or the structural '형태' of a molecule. You wouldn't typically use '형태' to describe the shape of a cookie; '모양' is much more natural there.

이 건물은 독특한 형태를 가지고 있다.

Then there is '형식' (形式), which means 'format', 'formality', or 'style'. This word is entirely abstract. It refers to the established way of doing things, the format of a document, or the formalities of a ceremony. It does not refer to physical shape at all. For example, '이메일 형식' means 'email format'. Lastly, there is the native Korean word '꼴'. This word also means 'shape' or 'state', but it often carries a negative, derogatory, or colloquial nuance.

꼴 (State / Sight - Negative): A colloquial and often derogatory term for the state or appearance of something, usually implying it looks bad or pathetic.

If someone is dressed messily, you might say '그 꼴이 뭐야?' (What's with that look/state?). It is similar to '모양' when '모양' is used to describe a bad situation, but '꼴' is much harsher.

방 꼴이 말이 아니네.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact right word for the context. Use '모양' for everyday physical shapes and objective inferences. Use '모습' for the appearance of people and living scenes. Use '형태' for formal structures, '형식' for formats and formalities, and reserve '꼴' for when you want to strongly criticize the state of something.

다양한 형태의 예술이 존재합니다.

이력서 형식에 맞춰 작성하세요.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

Because '모양' comes from characters meaning 'model' and 'shape', it inherently carries the idea of an observable pattern, which is why it is used in the grammar pattern for making logical inferences based on observable patterns.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mo.jaŋ/

US /mo.jaŋ/

mo-YANG

Rhymes With

고양 태양 해양 다양 분양 교양 사양 동양

Common Errors

Pronouncing '양' like the English word 'yang' (with an 'ae' sound). It should be an 'ah' sound.
Failing to pronounce the final 'ㅇ' (ng) clearly.
Saying 'mu-yang' instead of 'mo-yang'.
Over-stressing the first syllable.
Confusing it with '고양이' (cat) due to the similar ending.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize as a noun, but identifying it as a grammar pattern in long sentences takes practice.

Writing 4/5

Conjugating verbs correctly before '모양이다' is a common challenge for learners.

Speaking 3/5

Very common in daily speech. Pronunciation is straightforward.

Listening 3/5

Easy to hear, but you must listen to the preceding verb to understand the tense of the inference.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

동그라미 (circle) 네모 (square) 예쁘다 (pretty) 같다 (to be like) 보다 (to see)

Learn Next

모습 (figure/appearance) 형태 (form/structure) -(으)ㄹ 것 같다 (it seems like - subjective) -(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 (tend to be) 추측하다 (to guess)

Advanced

모양새 (appearance/presentation) 형상 (shape/image) 외관 (exterior) 체면 (face/honor) 점입가경 (getting more and more interesting/intense)

Grammar to Know

Action Verb + 는 모양이다 (Present tense inference)

비가 오는 모양이다. (It seems to be raining.)

Action Verb + (으)ㄴ 모양이다 (Past tense inference)

비가 온 모양이다. (It seems to have rained.)

Descriptive Verb + (으)ㄴ 모양이다 (Present tense state inference)

바쁜 모양이다. (It seems they are busy.)

Noun + 인 모양이다 (Noun inference)

학생인 모양이다. (It seems they are a student.)

-(으)ㄹ 것 같다 vs -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 (Subjective guess vs Objective inference)

비가 올 것 같다 (I feel it will rain) vs 비가 오는 모양이다 (I see umbrellas, so it seems to be raining).

Examples by Level

이것은 별 모양입니다.

This is a star shape.

Noun + 모양 (shape)

시계가 동그라미 모양이에요.

The clock is a circle shape.

동그라미 (circle) + 모양

상자는 네모 모양입니다.

The box is a square shape.

네모 (square) + 모양

가방 모양이 예뻐요.

The bag's shape is pretty.

Subject marker 이/가 attached to 모양

하트 모양 초콜릿을 샀어요.

I bought heart-shaped chocolate.

하트 (heart) + 모양 modifying a noun

구름 모양이 이상해요.

The cloud's shape is strange.

모양 + descriptive verb (이상하다)

무슨 모양을 좋아해요?

What shape do you like?

Question word 무슨 + 모양

달 모양이 바뀌어요.

The moon's shape changes.

모양 as the subject of an action verb

비가 오는 모양이에요.

It seems like it is raining.

Action verb stem + 는 모양이다 (present inference)

그 사람이 피곤한 모양입니다.

It seems like that person is tired.

Descriptive verb stem + (으)ㄴ 모양이다

머리 모양을 바꿨어요.

I changed my hairstyle.

머리 모양 means hairstyle.

손님이 많이 온 모양이에요.

It seems like many guests came.

Action verb past tense + (으)ㄴ 모양이다

이 신발은 모양이 독특해요.

These shoes have a unique shape.

모양 + 독특하다 (to be unique)

학생들이 열심히 공부하는 모양입니다.

It seems the students are studying hard.

Present continuous inference

곰 모양 쿠키를 만들었어요.

I made bear-shaped cookies.

Noun + 모양 modifying another noun

회의가 끝난 모양이에요.

It seems the meeting has ended.

Past tense inference

오늘 파티가 있어서 모양을 좀 냈어요.

I dressed up a bit because there is a party today.

Idiom: 모양을 내다 (to dress up)

길에서 넘어지다니 정말 모양 빠지네요.

Falling on the street really makes me lose face.

Idiom: 모양(이) 빠지다 (to lose face/look bad)

두 사람이 크게 싸운 모양이에요.

It seems the two people had a big fight.

Adverb + past tense inference

이 옷은 세탁하면 모양이 변할 수 있어요.

This clothes' shape might change if you wash it.

모양이 변하다 (shape changes)

일이 이상한 모양으로 흘러가고 있습니다.

The work is flowing in a strange direction/state.

모양 used metaphorically for 'state of affairs'

그 식당은 항상 사람이 많은 걸 보니 맛있는 모양입니다.

Seeing that the restaurant always has many people, it seems to be delicious.

Providing the basis for inference before 모양이다

글씨 모양이 아주 예쁘네요.

Your handwriting shape is very pretty.

글씨 모양 (handwriting style/shape)

그가 전화를 안 받는 걸 보니 바쁜 모양이에요.

Seeing that he isn't answering the phone, it seems he is busy.

Contextual evidence + 바쁜 모양이다

보고서의 모양새가 전혀 갖춰지지 않았습니다.

The format/presentation of the report is not established at all.

모양새 (appearance/format) + 갖춰지다

경제가 회복되는 모양새를 보이고 있습니다.

The economy is showing signs (the appearance) of recovery.

모양새를 보이다 (to show signs/appearance of)

그런 식으로 행동하는 것은 어른으로서 모양이 좋지 않다.

Acting like that does not look good as an adult.

모양이 좋지 않다 (does not look good/proper)

건축물의 외관 모양이 도시의 분위기를 결정합니다.

The exterior shape of the buildings determines the city's atmosphere.

외관 모양 (exterior shape)

협상이 결렬될 모양입니다.

It seems the negotiations will break down.

Future tense modifier -(으)ㄹ 모양이다 (less common but possible for strong predictions based on current state)

그는 겉모양만 번지르르하고 실속이 없어요.

He only looks good on the outside and has no substance.

겉모양 (outward appearance)

사건의 전반적인 모양을 파악하는 것이 우선입니다.

Grasping the overall shape (picture) of the incident is the priority.

Metaphorical use of 모양 for 'overall picture'

아무리 급해도 모양은 갖추고 손님을 맞아야지.

No matter how urgent, we must maintain proper appearance when greeting guests.

모양을 갖추다 (to maintain proper form/appearance)

정치권의 싸움이 점입가경인 모양새다.

The political fight seems to be getting more and more intense (interesting).

Advanced vocabulary (점입가경) + 모양새다

그의 변명은 궁색하기 짝이 없는 모양이었다.

His excuse appeared to be incredibly pathetic.

Descriptive phrase + 모양이었다

사태가 걷잡을 수 없는 모양으로 번지고 있다.

The situation is spreading in an uncontrollable manner.

모양으로 (in a manner/state)

남의 눈을 의식해서 억지로 모양을 꾸밀 필요는 없다.

There is no need to force an appearance just being conscious of others' eyes.

모양을 꾸미다 (to fake/decorate an appearance)

이번 정책은 그럴싸한 모양만 갖췄을 뿐 실효성이 의심된다.

This policy only has a plausible appearance, and its effectiveness is doubtful.

모양만 갖추다 (to only have the appearance of)

그 회사는 파산 직전의 모양새를 띠고 있다.

The company is taking on the appearance of being on the verge of bankruptcy.

모양새를 띠다 (to take on an appearance)

어설프게 아는 척하다가 오히려 모양만 우스워졌다.

By clumsily pretending to know, I only ended up looking ridiculous.

모양이 우스워지다 (appearance becomes ridiculous)

전통 가옥의 본래 모양을 훼손하지 않고 보존해야 한다.

We must preserve the original shape of traditional houses without damaging them.

본래 모양 (original shape)

인간의 탐욕이 빚어낸 참혹한 모양이다.

It is a gruesome state created by human greed.

Literary/philosophical use of 모양

시대의 흐름에 따라 가족의 모양도 다양하게 변모해 왔다.

Following the flow of the times, the shape of the family has also transformed diversely.

Metaphorical 'shape' of a social construct

그는 겉모양의 화려함 뒤에 감춰진 허무를 꿰뚫어 보았다.

He saw through the emptiness hidden behind the splendor of the outward appearance.

겉모양 (outward appearance) in a literary context

권력의 향배가 묘한 모양새로 흘러가고 있어 귀추가 주목된다.

The direction of power is flowing in a peculiar manner, drawing attention to the outcome.

Highly formal/journalistic use of 모양새

아무리 허울 좋은 명분을 내세워도 결국은 제 밥그릇 챙기기인 모양이다.

No matter how good a justification they put forward, it seems it's ultimately just looking out for their own interests.

Complex sentence structure ending with inference 모양이다

예술은 현실의 모방이 아니라 현실을 새로운 모양으로 재창조하는 것이다.

Art is not an imitation of reality, but a recreation of reality into a new form.

모양 as 'form' in aesthetic theory

그의 글은 일정한 모양의 틀에 얽매이지 않는 자유로움이 있다.

His writing has a freedom that is not bound by a fixed framework of form.

모양의 틀 (framework of form)

사회의 부조리한 모양새를 고발하는 다큐멘터리가 방영되었다.

A documentary exposing the absurd state of society was broadcast.

부조리한 모양새 (absurd state/appearance)

Common Collocations

모양이 예쁘다

모양이 이상하다

모양을 내다

모양이 빠지다

머리 모양

별 모양

하트 모양

모양을 갖추다

모양이 변하다

겉모양

Common Phrases

비가 오는 모양이다

— It seems like it is raining. Used when you see evidence of rain.

사람들이 우산을 쓴 걸 보니 비가 오는 모양이다.

피곤한 모양이다

— It seems like they are tired. Used when observing someone looking exhausted.

계속 하품을 하는 걸 보니 피곤한 모양이다.

모양새가 좋다

— The appearance or presentation is good.

이번 행사는 모양새가 아주 좋았다.

무슨 모양이에요?

— What shape is it?

그 상자는 무슨 모양이에요?

모양만 그럴싸하다

— It only looks plausible/good on the outside.

그 계획은 모양만 그럴싸하지 실현 불가능하다.

동그라미 모양

— Circle shape.

동그라미 모양으로 잘라주세요.

네모 모양

— Square shape.

네모 모양 상자가 필요해요.

세모 모양

— Triangle shape.

세모 모양 표지판.

모양이 망가지다

— The shape is ruined/destroyed.

가방이 눌려서 모양이 망가졌다.

모양을 잡다

— To form a shape / to set the shape.

머리 모양을 예쁘게 잡았다.

Often Confused With

모양 vs 모습

Use '모양' for objects/geometry. Use '모습' for people/living scenes.

모양 vs 형태

Use '모양' for everyday shapes. Use '형태' for formal, structural, or academic forms.

모양 vs -(으)ㄹ 것 같다

Use '모양이다' when you have visual evidence. Use '것 같다' for subjective feelings or predictions.

Idioms & Expressions

"모양을 내다"

— To dress up nicely; to decorate something to look good.

파티에 가려고 한껏 모양을 냈다.

neutral

"모양(이) 빠지다"

— To lose face; to look undignified or uncool.

사람들 앞에서 넘어지다니 정말 모양 빠진다.

informal

"모양을 갖추다"

— To take proper form; to be properly equipped or organized.

우리 팀도 이제 제법 모양을 갖췄다.

neutral

"겉모양만 번지르르하다"

— To only look good on the outside (but lack substance inside).

그 식당은 겉모양만 번지르르하고 맛은 없다.

neutral

"모양새를 구기다"

— To damage one's reputation or appearance; to lose face.

이번 사건으로 회사의 모양새를 크게 구겼다.

formal

"사람 모양을 하다"

— To look like a decent human being (often used when someone finally cleans up).

머리를 자르니 이제야 사람 모양을 하네.

informal

"모양이 아니다"

— It is not a good look; it is inappropriate.

어른에게 그렇게 대드는 것은 모양이 아니다.

neutral

"그 모양 그 꼴"

— In that terrible state (used to strongly criticize a bad situation that hasn't changed).

십 년이 지나도 여전히 그 모양 그 꼴이다.

informal/derogatory

"모양을 내다 (food)"

— To garnish or make food look visually appealing.

음식 위에 잣을 올려 모양을 냈다.

neutral

"모양새가 사납다"

— The situation looks ugly or aggressive.

둘이 길에서 싸우는 모양새가 사납다.

neutral

Easily Confused

모양 vs 모습

Both translate to 'appearance'.

'모양' is for inanimate objects and geometric shapes (a square box). '모습' is for the figure or image of a living being or a dynamic scene (a person studying).

사과 모양 (O), 사과 모습 (X). 사람의 모습 (O), 사람의 모양 (X - unless it's a doll).

모양 vs 형태

Both translate to 'form' or 'shape'.

'모양' is casual and used for physical outlines. '형태' is formal, academic, and used for structures or abstract forms.

별 모양 쿠키 (O), 별 형태 쿠키 (Unnatural). 정부의 형태 (O), 정부의 모양 (Unnatural).

모양 vs 형식

Translates to 'form' or 'format'.

'형식' refers to abstract formats, rules, or formalities, not physical shapes.

이메일 형식 (Email format). 이메일 모양 (Unnatural).

모양 vs 꼴

Translates to 'shape' or 'state'.

'꼴' is a derogatory or highly informal way to describe a negative state or appearance.

방 꼴이 더럽다 (The state of the room is dirty - negative). 방 모양이 더럽다 (Unnatural).

모양 vs 생김새

Translates to 'appearance' or 'looks'.

'생김새' focuses specifically on how features are formed or put together, often used for faces or specific animal features.

그 사람의 생김새 (His facial features). 그 사람의 모양 (Unnatural).

Sentence Patterns

[Noun] 모양입니다.

이것은 별 모양입니다.

[Noun] 모양이 [Adjective]아/어요.

가방 모양이 예뻐요.

[Action Verb]는 모양이에요.

비가 오는 모양이에요.

[Descriptive Verb](으)ㄴ 모양이에요.

피곤한 모양이에요.

[Evidence] 걸 보니 [Verb] 모양이다.

우산을 쓴 걸 보니 비가 오는 모양이다.

모양을 내다

오늘 데이트가 있어서 모양을 냈어요.

모양새가 [Adjective]

보고서 모양새가 엉망입니다.

[Noun]의 모양새를 띠다

사건이 심각한 모양새를 띠고 있다.

Word Family

Nouns

모양새 (appearance/look)

겉모양 (outward appearance)

머리 모양 (hairstyle)

얼굴 모양 (face shape)

Verbs

모양내다 (to dress up)

모습 (figure/appearance)

형태 (form)

형식 (format)

꼴 (state/shape)

외관 (exterior)

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely High. Top 1000 most common words in Korean.

Common Mistakes

그 사람 모양이 멋있어요. → 그 사람 모습이 멋있어요.
'모양' is for objects. For a person's appearance or figure, you must use '모습'.
내일 비가 올 모양이에요. (Without seeing a forecast) → 내일 비가 올 것 같아요.
'모양이다' requires objective evidence. If you are just predicting the future without seeing dark clouds or a forecast, use '것 같다'.
이 가방은 아주 모양해요. → 이 가방은 모양이 아주 예뻐요.
'모양' is a noun, not an adjective. You cannot attach '하다' to it to mean 'shapely'. You must use a descriptive verb.
그녀가 예쁘는 모양이에요. → 그녀가 예쁜 모양이에요.
'예쁘다' is a descriptive verb (adjective). Adjectives take '-(으)ㄴ' before '모양이다', not '-는'.
내가 피곤한 모양이다. → 나는 피곤하다. / 내가 피곤한 것 같다.
You cannot use '모양이다' to infer your own state or actions. It is only used for observing others or external situations.

Tips

Adjective vs Verb Conjugation

Always double-check if the word before '모양이다' is an action verb or an adjective. Action verbs take '-는' (present), adjectives take '-(으)ㄴ' (present).

Shapes Vocabulary

Learn basic shapes to pair with '모양': 동그라미 (circle), 네모 (square), 세모 (triangle), 별 (star), 하트 (heart).

Saving Face

Remember the idiom '모양 빠지다' when watching K-dramas. It perfectly captures the cultural nuance of feeling embarrassed in public.

State the Evidence

When speaking, try to state your evidence before using '모양이다'. Use the pattern '~는 걸 보니 ~는 모양이다' (Seeing that..., it seems...).

모양 vs 모습

Never use '모양' to describe a person's general appearance. Always use '모습' for people.

Formal Writing

In academic writing, swap '모양' for '형태' when discussing abstract concepts or structures.

Catch the Tense

Listen carefully to the sound before '모양'. '는 모양' = happening now. '은/ㄴ 모양' = happened already.

Dressing Up

Use '모양을 내다' when complimenting someone who dressed up nicely for an event.

At the Salon

Use '머리 모양' instead of English loanwords like '스타일' to sound more natural at a Korean hair salon.

Objective Guessing

Only use '모양이다' when you have visual proof. If you are just guessing blindly, use '것 같다'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine you want MORE (모) of that YANG (양) symbol because its SHAPE is so cool.

Visual Association

Visualize the Yin-Yang symbol. Focus on its distinct SHAPE. 'Mo-yang' = More Yang shape.

Word Web

모양 (Shape/Appearance) -> 동그라미 (Circle) -> 네모 (Square) -> 예쁘다 (Pretty) -> 머리 모양 (Hairstyle) -> -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 (It seems that) -> 겉모양 (Outward appearance) -> 모양이 빠지다 (Lose face)

Challenge

Look at three objects around you right now. Say their shape in Korean using '모양' (e.g., 핸드폰은 네모 모양입니다). Then, look out the window and make a guess about the weather using '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'.

Word Origin

Sino-Korean word from 模 (모 - model/pattern) and 樣 (양 - shape/form).

Original meaning: Originally referred to a pattern, model, or the specific form something takes.

Sino-Korean

Cultural Context

Be careful not to use '꼴' (the derogatory synonym for 모양) unless you are intentionally trying to be harsh or are speaking very casually with close friends about a frustrating situation.

English speakers might just say 'It looks bad' for a situation, but Koreans specifically use the word for 'shape' (모양이 빠지다) to describe losing social dignity.

Many Korean pop songs use '모양' to describe the shape of a heart or the state of a broken relationship. In K-dramas, you will frequently hear '모양 빠지게 왜 그래?' (Why are you acting like that and losing face?). Educational children's songs in Korea heavily feature '모양' when teaching circles, squares, and triangles.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Shopping for clothes or accessories

모양이 예뻐요
다른 모양은 없나요?
이 가방 모양이 마음에 들어요
독특한 모양이네요

At a hair salon

머리 모양을 바꾸고 싶어요
이 사진과 같은 모양으로 해주세요
모양을 좀 다듬어 주세요
요즘 유행하는 머리 모양이 뭐예요?

Making observations/gossiping

피곤한 모양이에요
화가 난 모양이에요
둘이 사귀는 모양이에요
돈이 많은 모양이에요

Baking or cooking

별 모양으로 찍어주세요
모양을 예쁘게 빚으세요
하트 모양 케이크
모양이 망가졌어요

Discussing a situation (Professional)

모양새가 좋지 않습니다
회의 모양새가 이상합니다
모양을 갖춰서 보고하세요
일이 잘 풀리는 모양입니다

Conversation Starters

"새로 산 가방 모양이 정말 특이하네요. 어디서 샀어요?"

"오늘 날씨가 흐린 걸 보니 곧 비가 올 모양이에요. 우산 챙겼어요?"

"머리 모양을 바꾸셨네요! 정말 잘 어울려요."

"저 두 사람 계속 웃고 있는 걸 보니 좋은 일이 있는 모양이에요."

"이 쿠키 모양이 너무 귀여워요. 직접 만드셨어요?"

Journal Prompts

Look around your room and describe the shapes (모양) of five different objects in Korean.

Think about a time you felt embarrassed. Write a sentence using the idiom '모양이 빠지다'.

Observe someone (a friend, family member, or a stranger). Write three guesses about them using '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다'.

Describe your favorite hairstyle using the phrase '머리 모양'.

What is the difference between '모양' and '모습'? Write a short explanation with examples.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Generally, no. If you say '얼굴 모양', you are specifically talking about the geometric shape of the face (e.g., round, square). If you want to say someone has a good appearance or looks handsome/pretty, you should use '모습' or '생김새', or simply say '얼굴이 잘생겼다'.

'비가 오는 모양이다' means 'It seems to be raining' based on evidence you see right now, like people walking with wet umbrellas. '비가 올 것 같다' means 'I think it will rain' based on a feeling, looking at dark clouds, or a prediction.

It literally means 'the shape falls out'. In Korean culture, maintaining a proper social image or 'face' is important. When you do something embarrassing, your dignified 'shape' is ruined. So, '모양 빠지다' is a common idiom for losing face or looking uncool.

For descriptive verbs (adjectives) in the present tense, you use '-(으)ㄴ 모양이다'. For example, '예쁘다' becomes '예쁜 모양이다' (It seems pretty). '작다' becomes '작은 모양이다' (It seems small). Do not use '-는' with adjectives.

No, '모양' is strictly a noun. You cannot say '이것은 모양하다'. You must use it with a descriptive verb, like '모양이 예쁘다' (The shape is pretty) or '모양이 독특하다' (The shape is unique).

It literally translates to 'head shape' or 'hair shape', but it is the standard Korean phrase for 'hairstyle'. If you go to a salon, you can say '머리 모양을 바꾸고 싶어요' (I want to change my hairstyle).

'모양새' is a derivative of '모양'. While '모양' is just the shape, '모양새' emphasizes the overall presentation, state, or 'look' of a situation or object. It is often used in professional contexts to critique how something is presented.

No. '-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다' is used to make inferences about third parties or situations based on observation. You cannot guess about your own current intentional actions. Saying '내가 밥을 먹는 모양이다' (It seems I am eating) sounds very unnatural.

You simply put the noun '하트' (heart) before '모양'. So, '하트 모양' means 'heart shape'. You can use this for any shape: '별 모양' (star shape), '달 모양' (moon shape), etc.

To say 'It seems like it rained' (past action), you change the verb conjugation to '-(으)ㄴ'. So it becomes '비가 온 모양이다'. You observe wet roads and infer that rain happened in the past.