Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The 'Thanh Ngã' is a unique Vietnamese tone that starts mid-high, dips abruptly with a glottal stop, and rises sharply.
- Start at a mid-high pitch.
- Interrupt the sound suddenly with a glottal stop (like a hiccup).
- Finish with a sharp, quick rise in pitch.
Tonal Contour of Thanh Ngã
| Stage | Action | Pitch Level |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
Onset
|
Mid-High
|
|
2
|
Glottal Stop
|
Interrupted
|
|
3
|
Release
|
Sharp Rise
|
Meanings
The 'Thanh Ngã' (tilde tone) is one of the six tones in Vietnamese, characterized by a glottalized, interrupted rising contour.
Tonal Marker
Indicates the specific pitch contour for a syllable marked with a tilde (~).
“Mỗi ngày tôi đều học tiếng Việt.”
“Hãy vẽ một bức tranh đẹp.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Verb + Object
|
Tôi ngã.
|
|
Negative
|
Subject + không + Verb
|
Tôi không ngã.
|
|
Question
|
Subject + Verb + không?
|
Bạn ngã không?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Có / Không
|
Có, tôi ngã.
|
|
Variation
|
Adjective + quá
|
Dễ quá!
|
|
Plural
|
Mỗi + Noun
|
Mỗi ngày.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Mỗi cá nhân. (Describing individuals.)
Mỗi người. (Describing individuals.)
Mỗi đứa. (Describing individuals.)
Mỗi thằng. (Describing individuals.)
Thanh Ngã Components
Physical
- Glottal Stop Throat closure
Pitch
- Rising High pitch end
レベル別の例文
Tôi ngã.
I fall.
Cái này dễ.
This is easy.
Mỗi ngày.
Every day.
Bão to.
Big storm.
Anh ấy ngã xe.
He fell off his bike.
Bài tập này dễ quá.
This exercise is too easy.
Mỗi người một ý.
Each person has an opinion.
Cơn bão đang đến.
The storm is coming.
Đừng ngã nhé.
Don't fall, okay?
Tiếng Việt không dễ học.
Vietnamese is not easy to learn.
Mỗi lần tôi đến, anh ấy đều vắng.
Every time I come, he is absent.
Bão lũ gây thiệt hại lớn.
Storms and floods cause great damage.
Anh ta ngã quỵ vì mệt.
He collapsed from exhaustion.
Việc này không dễ giải quyết.
This matter is not easy to resolve.
Mỗi cá nhân đều có quyền riêng.
Each individual has their own rights.
Dự báo thời tiết có bão.
The weather forecast predicts a storm.
Sự nghiệp của anh ấy ngã ngũ.
His career has been decided.
Dễ gì mà họ đồng ý.
It's not easy for them to agree.
Mỗi một chi tiết đều quan trọng.
Every single detail is important.
Bão tố cuộc đời.
The storms of life.
Ngã lòng trước khó khăn.
To lose heart in the face of difficulty.
Dễ như trở bàn tay.
As easy as turning one's hand.
Mỗi người một vẻ.
Each person has their own charm.
Bão táp mưa sa.
Storms and heavy rain.
間違えやすい
Both involve a rise in pitch, leading learners to ignore the glottal stop in Thanh Ngã.
In Southern dialects, they sound very similar.
Both have a 'stop' quality, but Nặng is low and short.
よくある間違い
nga
ngã
ngá
ngã
ngà
ngã
ngạ
ngã
môi
mỗi
de
dễ
bao
bão
ngã (no break)
ngã (with break)
dễ (too long)
dễ (quick)
mỗi (flat)
mỗi (rising)
ngã (too much constriction)
ngã (subtle constriction)
bão (wrong pitch start)
bão (mid-high start)
hãy (no rise)
hãy (sharp rise)
文型パターン
Tôi thấy ___ rất dễ.
___ ngày tôi đều học bài.
Cẩn thận, đừng để bị ___.
Dự báo thời tiết nói có ___.
Real World Usage
Dễ quá!
Cảnh báo bão.
Mỗi ngày một niềm vui.
Tôi dễ thích nghi.
Mỗi món một giá.
Đường đi dễ tìm.
Use a mirror
Don't over-constrict
Record and compare
Listen to Northern speakers
Smart Tips
Focus on the break first, then the rise.
Start higher than you think.
Ensure the break is sharp.
Make the glottal stop shorter.
発音
Glottal Stop
A sudden closure of the vocal cords.
Pitch Rise
The pitch must jump up after the break.
Broken Rise
ngã ↗ ⏸ ↗
The standard contour for Thanh Ngã.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of a 'hiccup' that makes your voice jump up.
視覚的連想
Imagine a person walking on a flat path, tripping over a rock (the glottal stop), and then jumping up in surprise.
Rhyme
Tilde mark, a little break, then a rise for goodness sake.
Story
I was walking (flat tone) when I tripped (glottal stop). I jumped up (rising tone) and shouted 'Ngã!'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Record yourself saying 'ngã' 10 times, focusing on the break in the middle.
文化メモ
The Thanh Ngã is most distinct here. It is a hallmark of the Hanoi accent.
In the South, the Thanh Ngã often merges with the Thanh Hỏi (dipping tone).
Central dialects have their own unique tonal variations.
The Thanh Ngã originated from the merger of final glottal consonants with tonal contours.
会話のきっかけ
Bạn thấy tiếng Việt có dễ không?
Mỗi ngày bạn làm gì?
Bạn đã bao giờ ngã xe chưa?
Bạn có sợ bão không?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
a) ma, b) má, c) mã, d) mạ
Tôi ___ xe.
Find and fix the mistake:
Tôi thích ăn bún cha.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
a) Thanh Sắc, b) Thanh Ngã, c) Thanh Hỏi, d) Thanh Nặng
___ ngày tôi đều đi làm.
Find and fix the mistake:
Anh ấy ngá xe.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesa) ma, b) má, c) mã, d) mạ
Tôi ___ xe.
Find and fix the mistake:
Tôi thích ăn bún cha.
dễ / tiếng Việt / không
ngã - fall, dễ - easy, bão - storm, mỗi - each
a) Thanh Sắc, b) Thanh Ngã, c) Thanh Hỏi, d) Thanh Nặng
___ ngày tôi đều đi làm.
Find and fix the mistake:
Anh ấy ngá xe.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
It is a Vietnamese tone marked with a tilde (~). It sounds like a broken rise.
Close your throat briefly like you are saying 'uh-oh'.
No, Thanh Sắc is a smooth rise, while Thanh Ngã is broken.
Yes, but it is most distinct in the North.
Practice 'uh-oh' repeatedly until you feel the closure.
Yes, it appears in many high-frequency words.
Because it requires a physical action in the throat that is not common in many languages.
No, you will be misunderstood.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tone 3 (dipping)
Thanh Ngã has a glottal stop; Chinese Tone 3 does not.
Pitch accent
Vietnamese is a tonal language; Japanese is pitch-accent.
None
Spanish uses stress, not tone.
None
French intonation is sentence-level.
None
German is non-tonal.
None
Arabic is non-tonal.
