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B1 noun #4,000 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

اعتیاد

e'tiyad Top 4,000

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At the A1 level, you should think of 'اعتیاد' (e'tiyad) simply as a 'very bad habit' that is hard to stop. While you might not use this word in your first few weeks of learning Persian, you will see it in health posters or hear it in basic news. At this level, just remember that it means 'addiction'. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'اعتیاد بد است' (Addiction is bad). You don't need to worry about the complex medical or social meanings yet. Just focus on the fact that it starts with the letter 'Alef' and has a long 'aa' sound in the middle. Think of it as the opposite of 'سلامتی' (health). If you remember that 'اعتیاد' is a problem people have with things like cigarettes or too much phone use, you have a solid A1 understanding. In simple conversations, if someone talks about 'اعتیاد', they are talking about a serious problem. It is a noun, so it acts like a 'thing'. You 'have' it (داشتن). That is the most important part for a beginner.

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At the A2 level, you can start to use 'اعتیاد' in slightly more complex sentences. You should know that it is often followed by the preposition 'به' (to). For example, 'اعتیاد به سیگار' (addiction to cigarettes). You should also be able to recognize the difference between the noun 'اعتیاد' and the adjective 'معتاد' (addict). At A2, you might describe someone's habits using this word. You can say things like 'او اعتیاد دارد' (He has an addiction) or 'اعتیاد خطرناک است' (Addiction is dangerous). You are beginning to see this word in short reading passages about health or social issues. You should also understand that it's not just for drugs; it can be for 'بازی‌های کامپیوتری' (computer games) or 'اینترنت' (internet). Understanding the basic verb 'ترک کردن' (to quit) in combination with 'اعتیاد' is also helpful at this stage. You might say 'او می‌خواهد اعتیادش را ترک کند' (He wants to quit his addiction). This level is about connecting the word to daily life and basic health topics.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the social and personal implications of 'اعتیاد'. This is the level where you can discuss the causes and effects of addiction in a simple way. You should be able to use the word in sentences that describe social problems, such as 'اعتیاد یکی از بزرگترین مشکلات جامعه است' (Addiction is one of the biggest problems of society). You should also be familiar with common collocations like 'ترک اعتیاد' (quitting addiction/rehab) and 'پیشگیری از اعتیاد' (prevention of addiction). At B1, you can distinguish between a 'habit' (عادت) and an 'addiction' (اعتیاد). You can explain that an addiction is a habit that has become uncontrollable. You might participate in a classroom discussion about the pros and cons of technology and use the term 'اعتیاد به فضای مجازی' (addiction to cyberspace). Your vocabulary is expanding to include related words like 'وابستگی' (dependency). You should be able to read a news article about addiction and understand the main points, including the government's efforts or the medical community's view.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'اعتیاد' in a variety of formal and informal contexts with nuance. You can discuss the psychological and physiological aspects of addiction. For instance, you can talk about 'اعتیاد جسمی' (physical addiction) versus 'اعتیاد روانی' (psychological addiction). You should be comfortable using the word in debates about public policy, healthcare, and social welfare. You can use more advanced verbs like 'دچار شدن' (to be afflicted with) or 'مبتلا بودن' (to be suffering from) in relation to addiction. You should also understand the nuances of the word 'معتاد' and how it can be used both as a noun and an adjective. At this level, you can follow more complex media reports and documentaries about addiction in Iran, understanding the cultural stigma and the movements to reduce it. You might use the word metaphorically in a sophisticated way, such as 'اعتیاد به قدرت' (addiction to power). Your ability to use the word with appropriate prepositions and in complex sentence structures is now quite high.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'اعتیاد' including its etymological roots and its place in Persian literature and academic discourse. You can discuss the word's Arabic origin from the root 'A-W-D' and how that influences its meaning of 'repetition' and 'habit'. You can write essays or give presentations on the 'اپیدمی اعتیاد' (addiction epidemic) and analyze its root causes in economic or social factors. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'اعتیاد', 'خوگیری', and 'تولرانس' (tolerance). You can understand and use the term in legal contexts, such as 'جرایم مرتبط با اعتیاد' (crimes related to addiction). Your understanding of the word is also culturally informed; you know how the concept of addiction is portrayed in Iranian cinema and how that reflects societal changes. You can use the word in highly formal academic papers, discussing the 'نوروبیولوژی اعتیاد' (neurobiology of addiction). At this stage, your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, including the use of idioms and high-level collocations.

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At the C2 level, you possess a mastery of 'اعتیاد' that allows you to use it in the most complex and abstract ways. You can explore the philosophical dimensions of addiction—how it relates to the concept of 'اراده' (willpower) and 'آزادی' (freedom). You can engage in high-level debates about the 'جرم‌انگاری' (criminalization) versus 'قضاوت‌زدایی' (decriminalization) of addiction. You can appreciate the use of dependency metaphors in classical and modern Persian poetry, even if the specific word 'اعتیاد' isn't used, by understanding the underlying concepts of 'بندگی' (servitude) and 'اسارت' (captivity). You can critique government reports on addiction statistics, identifying linguistic biases. You are familiar with the jargon used in specialized fields like addiction psychiatry or social work. Your command of the word includes an awareness of its historical evolution in the Persian language, from a general term for habit to a specific medical and social diagnosis. You can use the word to construct complex arguments about the human condition, habituation, and the nature of desire itself.

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اعتیاد in 30 Sekunden

اعتیاد means addiction in Persian, referring to physical or psychological dependency.
It is a noun derived from the Arabic root meaning habit or return.
Commonly used with the preposition 'به' (to) and verbs like 'داشتن' or 'ترک کردن'.
Covers both substance abuse (drugs) and behavioral issues (internet, gambling).

The Persian word اعتیاد (pronounced as e'tiyād) is a substantive noun that translates directly to 'addiction' in English. At its core, it describes a physiological or psychological dependency on a substance, activity, or behavior that typically results in negative consequences but is difficult to stop. In the Iranian socio-cultural context, the term carries significant weight, often discussed in medical, social, and even spiritual frameworks. While historically it was heavily associated with narcotics, its modern usage has expanded significantly to include behavioral dependencies such as 'اعتیاد به اینترنت' (internet addiction) or 'اعتیاد به کار' (workaholism). Understanding this word requires looking past the simple clinical definition and seeing how it functions as a label for lost agency and the struggle for recovery.

Medical Context: In medical and psychological discourse in Iran, اعتیاد is treated as a chronic disease of the brain's reward system. Doctors use this term to diagnose patients who exhibit compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse effects. It is often paired with the word 'درمان' (treatment) to discuss the path to sobriety.

بسیاری از پزشکان معتقدند که اعتیاد یک بیماری است، نه یک ضعف اخلاقی.

(Many doctors believe that addiction is a disease, not a moral failing.)

Social Context: Socially, the word can carry a stigma. However, in recent decades, there has been a massive push by NGOs like 'Congress 60' or 'NA' (Narcotics Anonymous) in Iran to redefine اعتیاد as a social issue requiring empathy and systematic support rather than just criminal punishment. It is a frequent topic in Iranian cinema and literature, symbolizing internal conflict and social decay.

دولت برای مبارزه با اعتیاد برنامه‌های جدیدی تدوین کرده است.

(The government has formulated new programs to combat addiction.)

Furthermore, the word is derived from the Arabic root 'A-W-D' (ع-و-د), which relates to 'returning' or 'habit.' This linguistic root suggests that addiction is something one returns to repeatedly, a cycle of behavior that becomes a fixed habit. In Persian poetry, you might see the concept of being 'addicted' to a beloved's gaze, though more often the word 'خوگرفتن' (becoming accustomed) or 'دلبستگی' (attachment) is used for romantic contexts, while اعتیاد is reserved for the more destructive, compulsive side of dependency.

Modern Usage: In the digital age, you will hear اعتیاد به شبکه‌های اجتماعی (addiction to social networks). This shows the word's versatility—it is no longer just about substances like opium or heroin, but about any behavior that consumes a person's life and autonomy.

اعتیاد به بازی‌های ویدئویی در میان نوجوانان در حال افزایش است.

(Addiction to video games is increasing among teenagers.)

او توانست اعتیاد خود را ترک کند و زندگی جدیدی بسازد.

(He was able to quit his addiction and build a new life.)

In summary, اعتیاد is a versatile and essential noun for discussing one of the most significant social and health challenges in the modern world. Whether you are reading a news report, a medical journal, or a social commentary, this word will appear frequently to describe the complex relationship between a human and a compulsive habit.

Using اعتیاد in a sentence requires an understanding of its grammatical partners, specifically the preposition 'به' (to) and common verbs like 'داشتن' (to have) or 'پیدا کردن' (to develop/find). Unlike English where you might say 'I am addicted,' in Persian you more commonly say 'I have an addiction to...' or use the adjective form 'معتاد' (addict/addicted). However, when focusing on the condition itself as a noun, اعتیاد is the star of the sentence. Let's explore the various syntactic structures where this word thrives.

Possession Structure: The most straightforward way to use the word is with the verb 'داشتن' (to have). This is used to state the existence of the condition. For example: 'او اعتیاد دارد' (He/She has an addiction). To specify the substance, add 'به' before the substance.

برادرم به قهوه اعتیاد شدیدی دارد.

(My brother has a severe addiction to coffee.)

Inception and Development: To describe the process of becoming addicted, Persians use 'پیدا کردن' (to find/develop) or 'دچار شدن' (to be afflicted by). 'دچار شدن' is more formal and carries a tone of misfortune or illness.

بسیاری از جوانان به دلیل تنهایی به فضای مجازی اعتیاد پیدا می‌کنند.

(Many young people develop an addiction to cyberspace due to loneliness.)

او پس از سال‌ها موفق شد اعتیاد خود را به سیگار ترک کند.

(After years, he succeeded in quitting his addiction to cigarettes.)

Abstract and Metaphorical Use: While often negative, اعتیاد can be used metaphorically to describe a harmless but intense passion. However, be careful; it still sounds quite strong. For instance, 'اعتیاد به مطالعه' (addiction to reading) implies someone who cannot stop reading for a single moment.

عشق او به موسیقی فراتر از یک علاقه ساده، نوعی اعتیاد است.

(His love for music is more than a simple interest; it is a kind of addiction.)

One must also consider the adjective form 'معتاد' (mo'tād). When you want to describe a person, you say 'او معتاد است' (He is an addict). But when discussing the phenomenon, the noun 'اعتیاد' is required. For example, 'بیماری اعتیاد' (the disease of addiction). In academic writing, you might see 'اعتیادآوری' (addictiveness), referring to how addictive a substance is. For example, 'نیکوتین قدرت اعتیادآوری بالایی دارد' (Nicotine has a high power of addictiveness). Understanding these variations allows for a more nuanced and accurate use of the word in complex discussions about health and society.

پیشگیری از اعتیاد باید از دوران مدرسه آغاز شود.

(Prevention of addiction should start from school years.)

In contemporary Iran, اعتیاد is a word that echoes through various layers of society, from the somber tones of news broadcasts to the sterile hallways of clinics and the heated debates in family living rooms. It is a word that carries both a cry for help and a policy challenge. Understanding where you hear it helps you grasp its social weight and the urgency often associated with it. Unlike some words that are confined to specific registers, 'اعتیاد' is ubiquitous.

News and Media: Iranian state media and independent outlets frequently report on 'مبارزه با مواد مخدر' (the fight against narcotics). You will hear phrases like 'ریشه‌کنی اعتیاد' (the eradication of addiction) or 'آمار اعتیاد' (addiction statistics). It is presented as a major national security and public health issue.

اخبار ساعت نه گزارشی درباره افزایش اعتیاد به مواد صنعتی پخش کرد.

(The nine o'clock news aired a report about the increase in addiction to industrial drugs.)

Cinematic and Literary Themes: Iranian cinema is world-renowned for its gritty realism, and addiction is a recurring theme. Films like 'Metri Shesh-o Nim' (Just 6.5) or 'Santouri' explore the devastating effects of اعتیاد on individuals and families. In these contexts, the word is used with deep emotional resonance, highlighting the human struggle behind the clinical term.

این فیلم به خوبی توانسته است چهره زشت اعتیاد را به تصویر بکشد.

(This film has successfully managed to portray the ugly face of addiction.)

Everyday Conversations and Warnings: Parents often use the word as a warning to their children. It’s not just about drugs; they might say 'اعتیاد به گوشی' (addiction to the phone) to scold a teenager. In this sense, اعتیاد is used to describe any habit that has gone too far and is wasting time or harming health.

مادرش همیشه نگران اعتیاد او به بازی‌های کامپیوتری بود.

(His mother was always worried about his addiction to computer games.)

You will also encounter the word in medical environments. If you go to a pharmacy or a doctor, they might discuss the 'اعتیادآوری' (addictive potential) of certain painkillers. In academic circles, researchers discuss 'اعتیاد رفتاری' (behavioral addiction) versus 'اعتیاد شیمیایی' (chemical addiction). Regardless of the setting, the word carries a sense of gravity and the need for intervention. It is a word that demands attention and action.

در همایش امروز، جنبه‌های روانی اعتیاد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

(In today's conference, the psychological aspects of addiction were examined.)

When learning Persian, nuances between similar words can lead to common errors. For اعتیاد, the most frequent mistakes involve confusing it with its related adjective 'معتاد', its root-cousin 'عادت', or using the wrong prepositions. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise. Let's break down the most common errors learners make when navigating the vocabulary of dependency.

Confusing Noun and Adjective: Many learners say 'من اعتیاد هستم' (I am addiction) when they mean 'من معتاد هستم' (I am an addict/addicted). Remember: اعتیاد is the name of the condition, while 'معتاد' is the person who has it. Use 'اعتیاد دارم' (I have addiction) or 'معتاد هستم' (I am an addict).

غلط: او یک اعتیاد است. درست: او یک معتاد است.

(Wrong: He is an addiction. Right: He is an addict.)

Addiction vs. Habit: The word 'عادت' (ādat) means 'habit'. While addiction is a form of habit, in Persian, 'عادت' is usually neutral or mildly negative (like biting nails), whereas اعتیاد is clinical and severe. Don't use 'اعتیاد' for simple daily routines like 'اعتیاد به مسواک زدن' (addiction to brushing teeth); use 'عادت' instead.

غلط: من به ورزش اعتیاد دارم (unless it's pathological). درست: من به ورزش عادت دارم.

(Wrong: I have an addiction to exercise. Right: I have a habit of exercising.)

Preposition Errors: Learners often use 'با' (with) or 'در' (in) instead of 'به' (to). In Persian, you always have an addiction to something. 'اعتیاد به مواد' is correct. 'اعتیاد با مواد' is incorrect.

غلط: اعتیاد در قمار. درست: اعتیاد به قمار.

(Wrong: Addiction in gambling. Right: Addiction to gambling.)

Another subtle mistake is the word order in compound sentences. When using 'ترک اعتیاد' (quitting addiction), it functions as a single concept. You don't usually put an adjective between 'ترک' and 'اعتیاد'. For example, say 'ترک اعتیادِ موفق' (a successful quitting of addiction) rather than 'ترکِ موفقِ اعتیاد'. Finally, be careful with the intensity markers. We say 'اعتیاد شدید' (severe addiction), not 'اعتیاد بزرگ' (big addiction). 'شدید' (severe/intense) is the standard collocated adjective for this noun.

او از اعتیاد شدید رنج می‌برد.

(He suffers from a severe addiction.)

While اعتیاد is the most common term for addiction, Persian offers several other words that capture different shades of dependency, habit, and attachment. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about a clinical condition, a psychological need, or a simple routine. Understanding these alternatives will help you navigate the spectrum between 'liking something' and 'being unable to live without it.' Let's compare the most relevant synonyms and related terms.

وابستگی (Vābastagi): Meaning 'dependency' or 'attachment'. While اعتیاد is usually negative and clinical, 'وابستگی' can be emotional. You can have a 'وابستگی عاطفی' (emotional dependency) on your parents, which is not necessarily an 'addiction'. In a medical sense, 'وابستگی دارویی' is often used interchangeably with addiction to drugs.

بین اعتیاد جسمی و وابستگی روانی تفاوت وجود دارد.

(There is a difference between physical addiction and psychological dependency.)

عادت (Ādat): Meaning 'habit'. This is the most common alternative. Most people start with a 'عادت' and it turns into an اعتیاد. If you want to sound less harsh or if the behavior is not truly compulsive, use 'عادت'. For example, 'عادت به دیر بیدار شدن' (the habit of waking up late).

خوگیری (Khugiri): This is a more formal, almost biological term for 'habituation' or 'becoming accustomed'. It is often used in psychology or biology to describe how an organism stops responding to a stimulus after repeated exposure. It is less common in daily speech than اعتیاد.

بدن انسان به سرعت به داروهای مسکن خوگیری پیدا می‌کند.

(The human body quickly develops habituation to painkiller drugs.)

شیفتگی (Shiftagi): Meaning 'infatuation' or 'fascination'. If someone is 'addicted' to a hobby in a positive, passionate way, 'شیفتگی' is a much more poetic and complimentary word. While اعتیاد implies a loss of control, 'شیفتگی' implies a deep love or attraction.

In summary, use اعتیاد for serious, compulsive, and usually harmful dependencies. Use وابستگی for emotional or systematic dependencies. Use عادت for daily routines and habits. And use شیفتگی or علاقه شدید for positive passions. Understanding these distinctions will help you express yourself with the appropriate level of intensity and emotional tone in Persian.

او به جای اعتیاد به کار، باید تعادل را در زندگی‌اش پیدا کند.

(Instead of work addiction, he should find balance in his life.)

How Formal Is It?

Formell

"پدیده اعتیاد نیازمند بررسی‌های همه‌جانبه جامعه‌شناختی است."

Neutral

"او برای درمان اعتیاد خود به پزشک مراجعه کرد."

Informell

"بیچاره اعتیاد داره، زندگیش خراب شده."

Child friendly

"نباید زیاد با گوشی بازی کنی چون ممکنه بهش عادت بد (اعتیاد) پیدا کنی."

Umgangssprache

"طرف بدجوری تو لک اعتیاده."

Wusstest du?

The word 'Eid' (عید) comes from the same root (A-W-D) because a festival is something that 'returns' every year. So, linguistically, addiction and festivals both share the concept of something that comes back again and again!

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ɛʔtiːˈjɒːd/

US /ɛʔtiːˈjɑːd/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: e'ti-YAD.

Reimt sich auf

اعتماد (E'temad - Trust) اقتصاد (Eghtesad - Economy) انتقاد (Enteghad - Criticism) امتداد (Emtedad - Extension) اتحاد (Ettehad - Union) ایجاد (Ijad - Creation) استعداد (Estedad - Talent) انسداد (Ensedad - Blockage)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing it without the glottal stop (e-ti-yad), which sounds less authentic.
Confusing the 'ti' sound with 'te'.
Shortening the final 'aa' sound.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the last.
Pronouncing the 'd' too softly at the end.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize because it appears often in news and social texts.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'Ayn' and 'Te' and 'Ye' combination.

Sprechen 3/5

The glottal stop 'Ayn' can be tricky for English speakers but is manageable.

Hören 3/5

Distinct sound, but can be confused with 'E'temad' (trust) if heard quickly.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

عادت (Habit) بیماری (Disease) مواد (Materials/Substances) ترک (Quitting) بد (Bad)

Als Nächstes lernen

بهبودی (Recovery) پیشگیری (Prevention) روانشناسی (Psychology) وابستگی (Dependency) مخدر (Narcotic)

Fortgeschritten

نوروتراسمیتر (Neurotransmitter) دوپامین (Dopamine) وسواس (Compulsion/Obsession) ساختار عصبی (Neural structure) آسیب‌شناسی (Pathology)

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe Construction with Nouns

اعتیادِ او (His addiction) - The 'e' sound links the noun to the possessor.

Preposition 'به' for Direction/Target

اعتیاد به قمار (Addiction to gambling) - 'به' always points to the object of addiction.

Compound Verbs with 'داشتن'

او اعتیاد دارد (He has an addiction) - 'داشتن' is the auxiliary verb.

Compound Verbs with 'کردن' for Action

ترک کردن (To quit) - Used to show the action of leaving the addiction.

Subjunctive Mood with 'باید'

ما باید اعتیاد را درمان کنیم (We must treat addiction) - 'درمان کنیم' is in the subjunctive.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

اعتیاد برای بدن بد است.

Addiction is bad for the body.

Simple subject + prepositional phrase + adjective.

او به قند اعتیاد دارد.

He has an addiction to sugar.

Using 'have' (داشتن) to show addiction.

اعتیاد یک مشکل بزرگ است.

Addiction is a big problem.

Noun as the subject of a simple state sentence.

آیا اعتیاد بیماری است؟

Is addiction a disease?

Basic question structure.

من اعتیاد ندارم.

I don't have an addiction.

Negative form of 'داشتن'.

اعتیاد به اینترنت چیست؟

What is internet addiction?

Question using 'چیست' (what is).

سیگار باعث اعتیاد می‌شود.

Smoking causes addiction.

Using 'باعث شدن' (to cause).

ما باید درباره اعتیاد حرف بزنیم.

We must talk about addiction.

Using 'باید' (must) + infinitive.

او می‌خواهد اعتیادش را ترک کند.

He wants to quit his addiction.

Possessive suffix + object marker 'ra'.

اعتیاد به تلویزیون وقت را تلف می‌کند.

Addiction to TV wastes time.

Compound verb 'تلف کردن' (to waste).

پزشک درباره خطرات اعتیاد توضیح داد.

The doctor explained the dangers of addiction.

Simple past tense of 'توضیح دادن'.

او به بازی‌های موبایل اعتیاد پیدا کرده است.

He has developed an addiction to mobile games.

Present perfect tense of 'اعتیاد پیدا کردن'.

خانواده‌ها باید مراقب اعتیاد فرزندان باشند.

Families must be careful of their children's addiction.

Modal 'باید' + subjunctive 'باشند'.

اعتیاد می‌تواند زندگی را نابود کند.

Addiction can destroy life.

Modal 'توانستن' (can) + infinitive.

بسیاری از مردم از اعتیاد می‌ترسند.

Many people are afraid of addiction.

Verb 'ترسیدن' with preposition 'از' (from/of).

کتاب‌های زیادی درباره درمان اعتیاد وجود دارد.

There are many books about treating addiction.

Plural subject with 'وجود دارد'.

اعتیاد به مواد مخدر یک بحران جهانی است.

Drug addiction is a global crisis.

Using 'بحران' (crisis) as a predicate.

او برای درمان اعتیاد به کلینیک رفت.

He went to the clinic for addiction treatment.

Prepositional phrase 'برای درمان اعتیاد'.

ورزش کردن راه خوبی برای جلوگیری از اعتیاد است.

Exercising is a good way to prevent addiction.

Gerund 'ورزش کردن' as the subject.

او به خاطر اعتیاد شغلش را از دست داد.

He lost his job because of addiction.

Compound preposition 'به خاطر' (because of).

ما باید آگاهی جامعه را درباره اعتیاد بالا ببریم.

We must raise society's awareness about addiction.

Compound verb 'بالا بردن' (to raise).

اعتیاد نه تنها فرد، بلکه خانواده را هم درگیر می‌کند.

Addiction involves not only the individual but also the family.

Correlative conjunction 'نه تنها... بلکه...'.

آیا اعتیاد به کار هم نوعی بیماری است؟

Is work addiction also a type of disease?

Using 'نوعی' (a type of).

او سال‌هاست که از بند اعتیاد رها شده است.

It has been years since he was freed from the bonds of addiction.

Metaphorical phrase 'بند اعتیاد' (bonds of addiction).

ریشه‌های اعتیاد اغلب در مشکلات روانی نهفته است.

The roots of addiction are often hidden in psychological problems.

Passive/stative construction 'نهفته است' (is hidden).

دولت بودجه زیادی را صرف مبارزه با اعتیاد می‌کند.

The government spends a large budget on fighting addiction.

Verb 'صرف کردن' (to spend/allocate).

اعتیاد رفتاری، پدیده‌ای است که در سال‌های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.

Behavioral addiction is a phenomenon that has received more attention in recent years.

Complex relative clause using 'که'.

بسیاری از کارشناسان معتقدند که فقر با اعتیاد رابطه مستقیم دارد.

Many experts believe that poverty has a direct relationship with addiction.

Noun phrase 'رابطه مستقیم' (direct relationship).

او در حال تحقیق بر روی جنبه‌های فیزیولوژیک اعتیاد است.

He is researching the physiological aspects of addiction.

Continuous present tense 'در حال تحقیق'.

کمپ‌های ترک اعتیاد باید استانداردهای بهداشتی را رعایت کنند.

Addiction rehab camps must observe health standards.

Compound verb 'رعایت کردن' (to observe/follow).

تاثیرات مخرب اعتیاد بر مغز غیرقابل انکار است.

The destructive effects of addiction on the brain are undeniable.

Adjective 'غیرقابل انکار' (undeniable).

او با قدرت اراده توانست بر اعتیاد خود غلبه کند.

He was able to overcome his addiction with the power of will.

Prepositional phrase 'با قدرت اراده'.

تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی اعتیاد نشان‌دهنده گسست‌های عمیق اجتماعی است.

Sociological analysis of addiction indicates deep social ruptures.

Formal present participle 'نشان‌دهنده' (indicating).

برخی از فیلسوفان اعتیاد را نوعی زوال اراده توصیف کرده‌اند.

Some philosophers have described addiction as a kind of decay of the will.

Present perfect tense for reporting views.

سیاست‌های کاهش آسیب در مدیریت اعتیاد بسیار موثر بوده‌اند.

Harm reduction policies have been very effective in addiction management.

Compound noun 'سیاست‌های کاهش آسیب'.

اعتیاد به مثابه یک ساختار دفاعی در برابر تروما عمل می‌کند.

Addiction functions as a defense structure against trauma.

Formal prepositional phrase 'به مثابه' (as/like).

پیچیدگی‌های حقوقی مرتبط با اعتیاد نیازمند بازنگری در قوانین است.

Legal complexities associated with addiction require a revision of the laws.

Adjective 'مرتبط با' (associated with).

رسانه‌ها در کلیشه‌سازی از چهره اعتیاد نقش پررنگی ایفا می‌کنند.

Media play a significant role in stereotyping the face of addiction.

Idiomatic expression 'نقش ایفا کردن' (to play a role).

بیماری‌انگاری اعتیاد منجر به تغییر رویکرد از پلیسی به درمانی شد.

The pathologization of addiction led to a shift in approach from policing to treatment.

Verbal noun 'بیماری‌انگاری' (pathologization).

اعتیاد دیجیتال در عصر پسا-حقیقت به یک چالش جدی بدل شده است.

Digital addiction has become a serious challenge in the post-truth era.

Verb 'بدل شدن' (to turn into/become).

واکاوی پدیدارشناسانه اعتیاد مستلزم درک زیست‌جهان فرد معتاد است.

Phenomenological analysis of addiction requires understanding the life-world of the addict.

Academic vocabulary: 'واکاوی' (analysis), 'زیست‌جهان' (life-world).

اعتیاد در این اثر ادبی، نمادی از اسارت انسان در چنبره تکرار است.

In this literary work, addiction is a symbol of human captivity in the clutches of repetition.

Metaphorical use of 'چنبره' (clutches/coil).

تقابل میان لذت آنی و پیامد آتی در بطن مفهوم اعتیاد نهفته است.

The contrast between immediate pleasure and future consequence lies at the heart of the concept of addiction.

Formal phrase 'در بطنِ' (at the heart/core of).

سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان در حوزه اعتیاد باید مبتنی بر شواهد علمی باشند.

Macro-policies in the field of addiction must be based on scientific evidence.

Adjective 'مبتنی بر' (based on).

اعتیاد به مثابه یک گسست در پیوستار هویت فردی تلقی می‌شود.

Addiction is regarded as a rupture in the continuum of individual identity.

Philosophical term 'پیوستار هویت' (identity continuum).

پارادایم‌های درمانی اعتیاد در دهه‌های اخیر دستخوش تحولات بنیادین شده‌اند.

Addiction treatment paradigms have undergone fundamental transformations in recent decades.

Idiom 'دستخوشِ تحول شدن' (to undergo transformation).

انگ‌زدایی از اعتیاد پیش‌شرط لازم برای ادغام مجدد بهبودیافتگان در جامعه است.

Destigmatization of addiction is a necessary precondition for the reintegration of recovered individuals into society.

Compound nouns: 'انگ‌زدایی' (destigmatization), 'ادغام مجدد' (reintegration).

اعتیاد، دیالکتیک میان میل و انزجار را به غایت خود می‌رساند.

Addiction brings the dialectic between desire and disgust to its ultimate point.

Abstract philosophical construction.

Häufige Kollokationen

ترک اعتیاد

اعتیاد شدید

مبارزه با اعتیاد

پیشگیری از اعتیاد

اعتیاد به مواد مخدر

اعتیاد اینترنتی

درمان اعتیاد

عوارض اعتیاد

ریشه‌کنی اعتیاد

اعتیاد تزریقی

Häufige Phrasen

اعتیاد جرم نیست، بیماری است

— A social slogan meaning addiction is a disease, not a crime.

همه باید باور کنند که اعتیاد جرم نیست، بیماری است.

در دام اعتیاد افتادن

— To fall into the trap of addiction.

او خیلی زود در دام اعتیاد افتاد.

کمپ ترک اعتیاد

— Addiction rehabilitation center/camp.

او سه ماه در کمپ ترک اعتیاد بود.

اعتیاد به فضای مجازی

— Addiction to cyberspace or social media.

اعتیاد به فضای مجازی باعث انزوای او شده است.

اعتیاد خانمان‌سوز

— Family-destroying addiction (devastating).

مواد مخدر یک اعتیاد خانمان‌سوز است.

پیشگیری از اعتیاد

— Prevention of addiction.

آموزش بهترین راه پیشگیری از اعتیاد است.

اعتیاد به قمار

— Gambling addiction.

اعتیاد به قمار تمام سرمایه‌اش را بر باد داد.

اعتیاد به الکل

— Alcoholism/Alcohol addiction.

او سال‌ها با اعتیاد به الکل مبارزه کرد.

اعتیاد به کار

— Workaholism.

اعتیاد به کار باعث شد او خانواده‌اش را فراموش کند.

علائم اعتیاد

— Symptoms of addiction.

والدین باید علائم اعتیاد را بشناسند.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

اعتیاد vs عادت (Habit)

Habit is general and can be good or bad. Addiction is specific, negative, and compulsive.

اعتیاد vs اعتماد (Trust)

Sounds similar but means trust/confidence. Don't mix 'e'tiyad' with 'e'temad'.

اعتیاد vs اعتقاد (Belief)

Sounds similar but means belief/faith. 'E'teghad' vs 'E'tiyad'.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"به چیزی معتاد شدن"

— To become addicted to something (common usage).

او به بازی‌های کامپیوتری معتاد شده است.

Neutral

"دودمان کسی را به باد دادن"

— To destroy someone's lineage/family (often used regarding addiction's effects).

اعتیاد دودمان او را به باد داد.

Informal/Emphatic

"در گل فرو رفتن"

— To be stuck in the mud (metaphor for being deep in addiction).

او با این اعتیاد، هر روز بیشتر در گل فرو می‌رود.

Literary/Informal

"بند را آب دادن"

— To mess up/expose a secret (sometimes used when an addict is caught).

بالاخره بند را آب داد و همه فهمیدند اعتیاد دارد.

Slang

"از چاله به چاه افتادن"

— From the frying pan into the fire (switching one addiction for a worse one).

او سیگار را ترک کرد اما به قمار رو آورد؛ از چاله به چاه افتاد.

Informal

"افسار گسیخته"

— Unbridled/Uncontrolled (used for severe addiction).

اعتیاد افسار گسیخته او همه را نگران کرده است.

Formal

"کمر کسی را شکستن"

— To break someone's back (to devastate someone, like a family member of an addict).

اعتیاد پسرش کمر او را شکست.

Informal/Emphatic

"دست و پا زدن"

— To struggle/flounder (trying to quit addiction).

او برای ترک اعتیاد خیلی دست و پا زد.

Neutral

"به سیم آخر زدن"

— To go to extremes (often when an addict gives up on recovery).

او به سیم آخر زده و دیگر به فکر درمان نیست.

Slang

"چشم و گوش بسته"

— Naïve/Ignorant (people who fall into addiction without knowing the risks).

جوانان چشم و گوش بسته زودتر معتاد می‌شوند.

Informal

Leicht verwechselbar

اعتیاد vs معتاد

It is the adjective/noun for the person.

E'tiyad is the condition (Addiction), Mo'tad is the person (Addict). You have E'tiyad, you are Mo'tad.

او معتاد است و اعتیاد سختی دارد.

اعتیاد vs عادت

Both involve repetition.

Adat (Habit) is usually controllable and not necessarily harmful. E'tiyad (Addiction) is uncontrollable and harmful.

مسواک زدن یک عادت است، اما قمار می‌تواند یک اعتیاد باشد.

اعتیاد vs وابستگی

Both mean needing something.

Vabastagi (Dependency) is broader and can be healthy (like children depending on parents). E'tiyad is specifically pathological.

وابستگی عاطفی با اعتیاد فرق دارد.

اعتیاد vs خوگیری

Scientific synonym.

Khugiri is the biological process of adapting to a stimulus. E'tiyad is the whole social/psychological condition.

خوگیری به دارو بخشی از فرآیند اعتیاد است.

اعتیاد vs تمایل

Both involve wanting something.

Tamayol (Inclination/Tendency) is a weak desire. E'tiyad is an overwhelming compulsion.

او تمایل به شیرینی دارد، اما اعتیاد ندارد.

Satzmuster

[Noun] + اعتیاد + است.

سیگار اعتیاد است. (Cigarettes are addiction - simplified).

[Person] + به + [Something] + اعتیاد + دارد.

او به قهوه اعتیاد دارد.

[Person] + باید + اعتیادش + را + ترک کند.

علی باید اعتیادش را ترک کند.

اعتیاد + به + [Something] + باعث + [Consequence] + می‌شود.

اعتیاد به الکل باعث بیماری کبد می‌شود.

درمان + اعتیاد + مستلزم + [Requirement] + است.

درمان اعتیاد مستلزم صبر و حوصله است.

اعتیاد + به مثابه + [Metaphor] + تلقی می‌شود.

اعتیاد به مثابه نوعی بردگی مدرن تلقی می‌شود.

Any

پیشگیری از + اعتیاد

راه‌های پیشگیری از اعتیاد چیست؟

Any

عوارض + اعتیاد

عوارض اعتیاد بسیار زیاد است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely frequent in social, medical, and news contexts in Iran.

Häufige Fehler

من اعتیاد هستم. → من معتاد هستم. / من اعتیاد دارم.
You cannot 'be' addiction; you can only 'have' it or 'be' an addict. This is a common noun-adjective confusion.
اعتیاد با اینترنت. → اعتیاد به اینترنت.
The preposition 'با' (with) is incorrect here. In Persian, you have an addiction 'to' (به) something.
او عادت به هروئین دارد. → او اعتیاد به هروئین دارد.
While 'عادت' means habit, it is too weak for substances like heroin. Using 'اعتیاد' is medically and socially more accurate.
ترکِ خوبِ اعتیاد. → ترکِ اعتیادِ موفق.
Adjectives describing the quitting process usually follow the whole phrase 'ترک اعتیاد'.
اعتیاد بزرگ. → اعتیاد شدید.
We don't use 'big' (بزرگ) for addiction in Persian; we use 'severe' or 'intense' (شدید).

Tipps

Preposition Match

Always pair 'اعتیاد' with 'به'. Using any other preposition like 'با' or 'در' is a common mistake for learners. Think of it as being 'bound TO' something.

Noun vs Person

Distinguish between 'اعتیاد' (the noun) and 'معتاد' (the person). You 'have' اعتیاد, but you 'are' a معتاد. Using them correctly shows high proficiency.

Sensitivity

In Iran, addiction is a serious social topic. Use the word with respect and avoid using it as a light joke unless you are in a very close and informal circle.

The Ayn Sound

Don't skip the 'Ayn' at the beginning. It's not just 'etiyaad'; it's 'e'tiyaad'. That glottal stop is what makes the word sound Persian.

Beyond Drugs

Don't limit the word to narcotics. Use it for 'اعتیاد به گوشی' or 'اعتیاد به کار' to sound like a modern, natural speaker.

Root Connection

Connect it to the word 'عادت' (habit). Both share the same root. Addiction is just a 'habit' that has become a monster.

Formal Writing

In formal essays, use 'پدیده اعتیاد' (the phenomenon of addiction) to introduce the topic. It sounds very professional.

Intensity

Use 'شدید' (severe) to describe a serious addiction. It’s the most natural-sounding adjective for this noun.

News Keywords

When listening to Persian news, 'اعتیاد' is often grouped with 'مواد مخدر' (narcotics) and 'مبارزه' (fight/combat). Listen for these together.

Word Family

Learn 'ترک اعتیاد' as a single phrase. It is used much more often than just 'ترک' or 'اعتیاد' alone in the context of recovery.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'E-Tea-Add'. You drink 'E-Tea' (Electronic Tea) and you are 'Add'-icted to it. 'E-ti-yad'. It sounds like someone who keeps adding ('add') a habit until they can't stop.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person tied with a rope to a giant cigarette or a smartphone. The rope is shaped like the Persian letter 'ع' (Ayn) which starts the word 'اعتیاد'.

Word Web

Drug (مواد) Habit (عادت) Addict (معتاد) Cigarette (سیگار) Rehab (کمپ) Dependency (وابستگی) Psychology (روانشناسی) Quit (ترک)

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences using 'اعتیاد': one about a substance, one about a behavior (like the internet), and one about the concept of 'quitting' (ترک کردن).

Wortherkunft

The word 'اعتیاد' (e'tiyad) is an Arabic loanword in Persian. It is the 'If'ti'al' (افتعال) form of the root 'A-W-D' (ع-و-د). This root is fundamental in Semitic languages and primarily means 'to return' or 'to repeat'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Originally, it meant 'to make something a habit' or 'to return to a behavior repeatedly'. Over time, it evolved from a neutral term for habituation to a specific medical and social term for harmful dependency.

Semitic (Arabic) root, adapted into Indo-European (Persian) grammar and usage.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when using this word around people who may have family members struggling with the condition. It is a heavy word and can be triggering or offensive if used as a joke.

In English-speaking countries, 'addiction' is often used casually ('I'm addicted to this show'). In Persian, 'اعتیاد' is usually more serious. For casual things, Persians prefer 'عادت' (habit) or 'کشته‌مرده' (dying for something).

The movie 'Santouri' (2007) about a musician's struggle with heroin. The film 'Just 6.5' (Metri Shesh-o Nim) which depicts the drug war in Tehran. Social campaigns by the 'Iranian Anti-Narcotics Force'.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Medical Clinic

درمان اعتیاد (Addiction treatment)
سم‌زدایی (Detoxification)
مشاوره اعتیاد (Addiction counseling)
پروتکل درمانی (Treatment protocol)

News/Politics

ستاد مبارزه با مواد مخدر (Anti-Narcotics Headquarters)
کشف مواد مخدر (Drug seizure)
آمار معتادان (Addict statistics)
قاچاق مواد (Drug trafficking)

Social Support

گروه‌های خودیاری (Self-help groups)
پاک ماندن (Staying clean)
لغزش (Relapse/Slip)
حمایت اجتماعی (Social support)

Family Warning

مراقب باش معتاد نشی (Be careful not to get addicted)
رفیق ناباب (Bad companion - often blamed for addiction)
آینده‌ات خراب می‌شه (Your future will be ruined)
عاقبت اعتیاد (The end/result of addiction)

Academic Research

عوامل خطرساز (Risk factors)
زمینه ژنتیکی (Genetic background)
اختلال مصرف مواد (Substance use disorder)
تاثیرات شناختی (Cognitive effects)

Gesprächseinstiege

"به نظر شما اعتیاد به اینترنت جدی‌تر از اعتیاد به سیگار است؟ (Do you think internet addiction is more serious than cigarette addiction?)"

"چگونه می‌توان از اعتیاد در بین نوجوانان پیشگیری کرد؟ (How can we prevent addiction among teenagers?)"

"آیا اعتیاد یک انتخاب است یا یک بیماری؟ (Is addiction a choice or a disease?)"

"نقش خانواده در درمان اعتیاد چیست؟ (What is the role of the family in treating addiction?)"

"چرا برخی افراد بیشتر از دیگران مستعد اعتیاد هستند؟ (Why are some people more prone to addiction than others?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره یک عادت بنویسید که فکر می‌کنید نزدیک به اعتیاد است و چگونه می‌خواهید آن را تغییر دهید. (Write about a habit you think is close to addiction and how you want to change it.)

تاثیرات تکنولوژی بر اعتیاد رفتاری انسان مدرن را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the effects of technology on the behavioral addiction of modern humans.)

اگر دوستی داشته باشید که دچار اعتیاد شده است، چگونه به او کمک می‌کنید؟ (If you had a friend who became addicted, how would you help them?)

نقش فیلم‌ها و رسانه‌ها را در شکل‌گیری تصویر ذهنی ما از اعتیاد بنویسید. (Write about the role of movies and media in shaping our mental image of addiction.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید جامعه با افراد دارای اعتیاد به درستی رفتار می‌کند؟ (Do you think society treats people with addiction correctly?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, in modern Persian, 'اعتیاد' is used for any compulsive behavior. This includes 'اعتیاد اینترنتی' (internet addiction), 'اعتیاد به قمار' (gambling addiction), and even 'اعتیاد به کار' (workaholism). While it historically referred to narcotics, its usage has expanded significantly.

The main difference is control and consequence. 'عادت' (Habit) is a routine behavior that you can usually change with effort and doesn't necessarily harm you. 'اعتیاد' (Addiction) is a compulsive state where you lose control and continue the behavior despite negative consequences to your health or life.

You can say 'من معتاد هستم' (I am an addict) or more commonly 'من اعتیاد دارم' (I have an addiction). If you want to specify what you are addicted to, use 'به': 'من به شکلات اعتیاد دارم' (I am addicted to chocolate).

It is a neutral to formal word. It is used in medical journals and news reports, but also in daily conversation. It is the standard term for the condition of addiction across all levels of Persian speech.

The most common verb is 'ترک کردن' (to quit/leave). You say 'ترک اعتیاد' for the act of quitting addiction. For example: 'او اعتیادش را ترک کرد' (He quit his addiction).

It comes from the Arabic root ع-و-د (A-W-D), which means 'to return' or 'to repeat'. This reflects the nature of addiction as a behavior that a person returns to over and over again.

Rarely. It almost always carries a negative connotation of being out of control. If you want to describe a positive passion, words like 'شیفتگی' (infatuation) or 'علاقه شدید' (intense interest) are much better choices.

It is a glottal stop. For English speakers, it sounds like a slight catch in the throat before the 'e' sound. Think of the start of the English word 'uh-oh' – that little break is similar to the sound of 'Ayn' in 'e'tiyad'.

The most common are 'شدید' (severe), 'مخرب' (destructive), 'خانمان‌سوز' (family-destroying/devastating), and 'روانی' (psychological) or 'جسمی' (physical).

While 'اعتیاد' is standard, slang terms exist for being 'hooked', like 'گیر کردن' (being stuck) or using specific drug-related jargon, but 'اعتیاد' remains the most understood and used term in all social circles.

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