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B2 verb 10 Min. Lesezeit

انتقاد‌کردن

enteghad kardan
Beispiele انتقاد‌کردن in 30 Sekunden
Erklärung انتقاد‌کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'enteghād kardan' in complex sentences. Just know that it means 'to say something is bad' or 'to criticize'. You might hear it in very simple contexts like 'He says my food is bad'. At this stage, focus on the fact that it's a compound verb. You 'do' (kardan) criticism (enteghād). You can use it to express simple dislikes in a slightly more formal way than just saying 'I don't like'. For example, 'Man az in film enteghād mikonam' (I criticize this movie) is a big step up from 'In film bad ast' (This movie is bad). Just remember the 'az' (from) part!
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'enteghād kardan' to give basic feedback. You can use it in the past tense ('enteghād kardam') and the present tense ('enteghād mikonam'). You should also be aware that it's a bit more 'serious' than just complaining. If you complain to a friend, you might use 'shekāyat kardan', but if you are talking about a teacher or a boss, 'enteghād kardan' is better. Practice sentences like 'My father criticized my grades' or 'The teacher criticized my homework'. This helps you build the 'az' preposition habit, which is essential for higher levels.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'enteghād kardan' in various tenses, including the future and the present continuous. You should also understand the difference between 'constructive' (sāzande) and 'destructive' (mokharreb) criticism. You might start using it to discuss social issues or news topics. For example, 'People criticize the high prices'. You should also learn the noun 'enteghād' (criticism) and how it can be used as a subject: 'Enteghād-e shomā dorost ast' (Your criticism is correct). This level is where you start to see the word in newspapers and on the news.
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At the B2 level (your current level), you should use 'enteghād kardan' with precision. You understand that it requires the preposition 'az' and you can use it with adverbs like 'be-shoddat' (severely) or 'be-narm-i' (softly). You are aware of the cultural nuances, such as using softening phrases before criticizing someone older. You can also use the passive form 'mored-e enteghād gharār gereftan' (to be criticized) in formal writing. You should be able to participate in a debate and say, 'I criticize your logic because...' (Man az mantegh-e shomā enteghād mikonam chon...). This shows you can handle abstract concepts.
At the C1 level, you should be able to distinguish 'enteghād kardan' from its literary synonyms like 'nekuhesh kardan' or 'malāmat kardan'. You use it in academic writing to evaluate theories or historical events. You also understand the root 'n-q-d' and how it relates to 'naqd-e adabi' (literary criticism). You can use the verb in complex conditional and subjunctive structures effortlessly. Your criticism is nuanced; you might say, 'While I criticize the execution of this project, I praise its initial vision'. You are also familiar with idiomatic expressions involving the word and can use it in professional negotiations.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'enteghād kardan'. You can use it to express subtle irony or sarcasm. You are familiar with classical Persian texts where the root 'naqd' is used and can discuss the evolution of the word. You can write a full 'naqd' (critique) of a philosophical work using the verb to point out logical fallacies. You understand the deep cultural implications of criticism in Iranian society and can navigate even the most sensitive topics with the appropriate linguistic 'softeners' and 'honorifics'. You don't just use the word; you understand its power to shape discourse.
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Beispiele

انتقاد‌کردن in 30 Sekunden

  • Enteghād kardan means to criticize and is a compound verb.
  • It always requires the preposition 'az' (from) before the object.
  • It is common in news, academic, and professional Persian contexts.
  • It differs from 'naqd kardan' which is used for cashing checks.

The Persian verb انتقاد‌کردن (enteghād kardan) is a compound verb that serves as the primary way to express the act of criticizing, reviewing, or evaluating something with a focus on its shortcomings. In the Persian linguistic landscape, this word carries significant weight, as it bridges the gap between everyday social interactions and high-level academic or political discourse. Derived from the Arabic root 'n-q-d' (نقد), which historically referred to the process of testing coins to distinguish genuine gold from counterfeit, the modern Persian usage retains this essence of 'discerning quality' or 'separating the good from the bad.'

Formal Context
In formal settings, such as journalism or literary theory, it refers to the analytical process of evaluating a work or a policy. It is used to describe a structured critique that aims for improvement or accountability.
Social Context
In daily life, it often refers to pointing out someone's mistakes. Depending on the tone, it can range from helpful feedback to harsh judgment. Iranians often use it with caution to maintain social harmony (Ta'arof).

استاد از نحوه نگارش مقاله من انتقاد‌کرد اما پیشنهادات خوبی هم داد.
(The professor criticized my essay writing style but also gave good suggestions.)

Understanding the nuances of enteghād kardan requires recognizing its two main types in Persian culture: enteghād-e sāzande (constructive criticism) and enteghād-e mokharreb (destructive criticism). When you use this verb, you are often expected to clarify your intention. Is the goal to build up or to tear down? In political spheres, news anchors frequently use this verb to describe the opposition's reaction to government decisions, making it a staple of the evening news.

بسیاری از مردم از وضعیت اقتصادی انتقاد‌ می‌کنند.
(Many people criticize the economic situation.)

Academic Usage
In philosophy and literature, the root 'naqd' is used for 'criticism' as a field of study. However, the verb 'enteghād kardan' is specifically used for the act of voicing that critique.

او همیشه بدون فکر از دیگران انتقاد‌ می‌کند.
(He always criticizes others without thinking.)

Furthermore, the word is often associated with the concept of 'Enteghād-paziri' (receptiveness to criticism). In a professional Persian environment, being someone who can accept criticism (enteghād-pazir) is highly valued. Conversely, someone who cannot handle it is described as enteghād-napazir. Using the verb correctly involves knowing these surrounding concepts to convey a sophisticated level of Persian proficiency.

نویسنده از سانسور در جامعه انتقاد‌ کرد.
(The author criticized censorship in society.)

Psychological Aspect
In therapy or self-help contexts in Iran, you might hear about 'enteghād az khod' (self-criticism), which is a common topic for personal growth discussions.

لطفاً به جای انتقاد‌کردن، راه حل پیشنهاد بدهید.
(Please suggest a solution instead of criticizing.)

Mastering the usage of انتقاد‌کردن involves more than just knowing its meaning; it requires understanding its grammatical structure and the prepositions that accompany it. The most important rule is that this verb always takes the preposition از (az). In English, we 'criticize someone,' but in Persian, we 'criticize FROM someone.' This 'from' implies that the critique is being drawn out of the person's actions or the object's qualities.

Basic Structure
[Subject] + [az] + [Object] + [Conjugated form of انتقاد کردن]. For example: 'Man az in film enteghād kardam' (I criticized this movie).

او از رفتار سرد دوستش انتقاد‌ کرد.
(He criticized his friend's cold behavior.)

When using this verb in the present tense, remember that it is a compound verb. The noun part (انتقاد) remains stationary, while the helper verb (کردن) changes. The present stem of 'kardan' is 'kon,' so the present continuous would be 'dāram enteghād mikonam' (I am criticizing). This distinction is vital for B2 learners who are moving toward fluid conversation.

چرا همیشه از غذاهای من انتقاد‌ می‌کنی؟
(Why do you always criticize my food?)

Using Adverbs
You can modify the intensity of the criticism using adverbs like 'be-shoddat' (severely) or 'be-narm-i' (softly). 'U be-shoddat az dowlat enteghād kard' (He severely criticized the government).

مدیر به شدت از تأخیر کارمندان انتقاد‌ کرد.
(The manager severely criticized the employees' lateness.)

In complex sentences, you might want to specify the *reason* for the criticism. You can do this by adding 'be dalil-e' (because of) after the object. For example: 'U az man be dalil-e tanbali enteghād kard' (He criticized me because of laziness). This structure allows you to build more descriptive and professional-sounding sentences, which is a hallmark of the B2 level.

هیچ‌کس دوست ندارد مورد انتقاد‌ قرار بگیرد.
(No one likes to be criticized.)

Conditional Usage
When using 'if' (agar), the verb often moves to the subjunctive: 'Agar az man enteghād koni, nārāhat mishavam' (If you criticize me, I will get upset).

اگر از او انتقاد‌ کنی، شاید گوش ندهد.
(If you criticize him, he might not listen.)

If you tune into any Persian-language news broadcast, whether it is BBC Persian, Iran International, or IRIB, you will encounter انتقاد‌کردن almost immediately. It is the bread and butter of political reporting. Journalists use it to describe the tension between different political factions, the public's reaction to new laws, or international responses to diplomatic events. In this context, it sounds very formal and objective.

The Newsroom
'Namāyandegān-e majles az vazir-e behdāsht enteghād kardand' (The parliament members criticized the health minister). This is a classic headline structure.

سازمان ملل از نقض حقوق بشر در آن کشور انتقاد‌ کرد.
(The United Nations criticized the violation of human rights in that country.)

Beyond the news, you will hear it in academic settings—universities and seminars. Persian intellectual culture has a long history of 'Naqd' (criticism). Professors will 'enteghād' the theories of their predecessors, and students are encouraged to 'enteghād' texts during literature or sociology classes. Here, the word takes on a more analytical and less personal tone, focusing on the logic and evidence rather than the individual.

منتقد معروف از فیلم جدید کارگردان انتقاد‌ کرد.
(The famous critic criticized the director's new film.)

Daily Conversations
While it's a bit formal for a casual chat with friends, it is common in serious discussions about relationships or work performance. 'Nemikhām enteghād konam, vali...' (I don't want to criticize, but...) is a common way to soften a blow.

خواهرش همیشه از طرز لباس پوشیدن او انتقاد‌ می‌کند.
(His sister always criticizes the way he dresses.)

In the workplace, 'enteghād kardan' appears in performance reviews and feedback sessions. An Iranian boss might say, 'Man az kār-e shomā enteghād nadāram' (I have no criticism of your work), which is a high form of praise. You'll also see it in social media comments, where users 'enteghād' celebrities or influencers, often quite bluntly. Knowing this word helps you navigate the 'comment section' culture of the Persian-speaking internet.

مردم در شبکه‌های اجتماعی از کیفیت اینترنت انتقاد‌ کردند.
(People on social media criticized the internet quality.)

One of the most frequent pitfalls for English speakers learning Persian is the confusion between انتقاد‌کردن (criticizing) and نقد کردن (cashing a check or literary criticism). While they share the same root, their usage in modern Persian has diverged. If you tell a banker you want to 'enteghād' your check, they will be very confused! 'Naqd kardan' is for money; 'Enteghād kardan' is for opinions.

The Preposition Error
As mentioned, using 'rā' (direct object marker) instead of 'az' is a common B1-B2 error. You cannot say 'Man to rā enteghād mikonam'. It must be 'Man az to enteghād mikonam'.

غلط: من مقاله را انتقاد‌کردم.
درست: من از مقاله انتقاد‌کردم.
(Wrong: I criticized the article [direct object]. Correct: I criticized from the article.)

Another mistake is confusing 'enteghād kardan' with 'sarzanesh kardan' (to blame/scold). While they are similar, 'sarzanesh' is much more personal and emotional. If a child breaks a vase, you 'sarzanesh' them. If a politician makes a bad policy, you 'enteghād' them. Using 'enteghād' in a situation that calls for 'sarzanesh' can make you sound overly formal or detached.

مادرش او را سرزنش کرد (نه انتقاد‌).
(His mother scolded him [not criticized - in a formal sense].)

Tone Misjudgment
Using 'enteghād kardan' with an elder without a polite preamble can be seen as disrespectful in Iranian culture. It's not just a grammatical mistake, but a social one.

ببخشید که انتقاد‌ می‌کنم، اما این کار درست نیست.
(Forgive me for criticizing, but this is not right.)

Lastly, don't confuse 'enteghād kardan' with 're'y dādan' (to vote) or 'e'terāz kardan' (to protest). While protesting often involves criticism, 'e'terāz' is the act of physical or vocal opposition, whereas 'enteghād' is the verbal or written expression of the fault. You 'enteghād' the law, and then you 'e'terāz' in the streets. Keeping these distinctions clear will help you sound like a native speaker.

دانشجویان به جای انتقاد‌کردن، اعتراض کردند.
(The students protested instead of [just] criticizing.)

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, each with its own specific flavor. While انتقاد‌کردن is the most standard term, you might choose another verb depending on whether you want to sound more poetic, more aggressive, or more casual.

خرده گرفتن (Khorde Gereftan)
Literally 'to take small pieces'. This means to nitpick or find small faults. It's less formal than 'enteghād' and often implies the person is being a bit annoying or overly detailed in their criticism.
نکوهش کردن (Nekuhesh Kardan)
A very literary and formal word. It implies a moral condemnation or strong reproach. You'll find this in classical poetry or high-level philosophical texts.

او همیشه از کارهای کوچک من خرده می‌گیرد.
(He always nitpicks at my small tasks.)

If you are looking for the opposite of enteghād kardan, the most common antonyms are تعریف کردن (ta'rif kardan - to praise/compliment) or تمجید کردن (tamjid kardan - to laud/extol). In a professional review, you might balance your 'enteghād' with some 'ta'rif' to keep the employee motivated.

استاد به جای انتقاد‌، از تلاش دانشجو تمجید کرد.
(The professor lauded the student's effort instead of criticizing.)

ملامت کردن (Malāmat Kardan)
This means 'to blame' or 'to reproach'. It is more emotional than 'enteghād' and focuses on the person's guilt or failure rather than an objective analysis of their work.

وجدانش او را برای آن اشتباه ملامت می‌کرد.
(His conscience was reproaching him for that mistake.)

In summary, choose 'enteghād kardan' for standard, objective criticism. Choose 'khorde gereftan' for nitpicking. Choose 'nekuhesh' for high-level moral judgment. And choose 'malāmat' for blaming. Understanding these subtle differences is what separates a B2 learner from a C1/C2 proficient speaker.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

او از من انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized me.

Uses 'az' before 'man' (me).

2

آیا تو انتقاد‌ می‌کنی؟

Do you criticize?

Present simple question.

3

من انتقاد‌ نمی‌کنم.

I do not criticize.

Negative present form.

4

او از غذا انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the food.

Past tense with 'az'.

5

انتقاد‌کردن خوب نیست.

Criticizing is not good.

Infinitive as a subject.

6

ما از فیلم انتقاد‌ کردیم.

We criticized the movie.

First person plural past.

7

چرا از من انتقاد‌ می‌کنی؟

Why do you criticize me?

Question with 'cherā'.

8

آن‌ها از کتاب انتقاد‌ کردند.

They criticized the book.

Third person plural past.

1

پدرم از نمره‌های من انتقاد‌ کرد.

My father criticized my grades.

Compound noun 'nomreh-hāye man' as object.

2

معلم از اشتباهات من انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

The teacher criticizes my mistakes.

Present continuous sense in Persian.

3

نباید همیشه از دیگران انتقاد‌ کرد.

One should not always criticize others.

Impersonal 'nabāyad' + shortened infinitive.

4

او از طرز کار من انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized my way of working.

Possessive construction 'tarz-e kār-e man'.

5

من از رفتار او انتقاد‌ کردم.

I criticized his behavior.

Past tense 'kardam'.

6

دوست داری از من انتقاد‌ کنی؟

Do you like to criticize me?

Infinitive 'enteghād kani' after 'dust dāri'.

7

او هرگز از کسی انتقاد‌ نمی‌کند.

He never criticizes anyone.

Use of 'hargez' for 'never'.

8

ما دیروز از آن رستوران انتقاد‌ کردیم.

We criticized that restaurant yesterday.

Time adverb 'diruz'.

1

بسیاری از مردم از دولت انتقاد‌ می‌کنند.

Many people criticize the government.

Collective subject 'basyāri az mardom'.

2

او از نحوه مدیریت شرکت انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the company's management style.

Complex object 'nahve-ye modiriyat-e sherkat'.

3

آیا می‌توانی از کار من انتقاد‌ سازنده کنی؟

Can you give me constructive criticism on my work?

Adjective 'sāzande' modifying the action.

4

نویسنده در کتاب جدیدش از جنگ انتقاد‌ کرده است.

The author has criticized war in his new book.

Present perfect 'enteghād karde ast'.

5

او همیشه از من به خاطر تنبلی انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

He always criticizes me because of laziness.

Phrase 'be khāter-e' to show reason.

6

من قصد ندارم از شما انتقاد‌ کنم.

I don't intend to criticize you.

Auxiliary 'ghasd dāshtan'.

7

او از کیفیت پایین محصولات انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the low quality of the products.

Adjective 'pāyin' (low).

8

چرا هیچ‌کس از این قانون انتقاد‌ نمی‌کند؟

Why does no one criticize this law?

Negative question with 'hich-kas'.

1

منتقد به شدت از کارگردان فیلم انتقاد‌ کرد.

The critic severely criticized the film's director.

Adverbial phrase 'be shoddat'.

2

او با احتیاط از پیشنهاد رئیس انتقاد‌ کرد.

He cautiously criticized the boss's proposal.

Adverbial phrase 'bā ehtiyāt'.

3

این طرح مورد انتقاد‌ بسیاری از کارشناسان قرار گرفت.

This plan was criticized by many experts.

Passive construction 'mored-e... gharār gereft'.

4

او از سیاست‌های اقتصادی جدید انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

He criticizes the new economic policies.

Plural noun 'siyāsat-hā'.

5

اگر از او انتقاد‌ کنی، ممکن است ناراحت شود.

If you criticize him, he might get upset.

Conditional type 1.

6

او از عدم شفافیت در سازمان انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the lack of transparency in the organization.

Abstract noun 'adam-e shaffāfiyat'.

7

باید یاد بگیریم که چگونه از خودمان انتقاد‌ کنیم.

We must learn how to criticize ourselves.

Reflexive 'khod-emān'.

8

او از تبعیض در محیط کار انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized discrimination in the workplace.

Noun 'tabyiz'.

1

فیلسوف از مبانی منطقی این نظریه انتقاد‌ کرد.

The philosopher criticized the logical foundations of this theory.

Academic vocabulary 'mabāni-ye manteghi'.

2

او از رویکرد تک‌بعدی رسانه‌ها انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

He criticizes the one-dimensional approach of the media.

Compound adjective 'tak-ba'di'.

3

منتقد ادبی از ساختار روایی رمان انتقاد‌ کرد.

The literary critic criticized the novel's narrative structure.

Specific term 'sākhtār-e ravāyi'.

4

او از بی‌تفاوتی جامعه نسبت به محیط زیست انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized society's indifference toward the environment.

Prepositional phrase 'nesbat be'.

5

گزارشگر از فساد سیستماتیک در ادارات انتقاد‌ کرد.

The reporter criticized systematic corruption in offices.

Adjective 'systematic'.

6

او از تقلیل‌گرایی در علوم انسانی انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

He criticizes reductionism in the humanities.

Technical term 'taghlil-garāyi'.

7

وی از برخورد دوگانه جوامع بین‌المللی انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the double standards of international societies.

Formal pronoun 'vey'.

8

او از رادیکالیسم در جریانات سیاسی انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized radicalism in political movements.

Political term 'radicalism'.

1

او با ظرافت از پارادایم‌های حاکم بر هنر انتقاد‌ کرد.

He delicately criticized the dominant paradigms in art.

Advanced adverb 'bā zerāfat'.

2

نویسنده از ازخودبیگانگی انسان مدرن انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

The author criticizes the alienation of modern man.

Philosophical term 'az-khod-bigānegi'.

3

او از جزم‌اندیشی در تفکرات مذهبی انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized dogmatism in religious thoughts.

Advanced noun 'jazm-andishi'.

4

وی از هژمونی فرهنگی غرب در منطقه انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized Western cultural hegemony in the region.

Political term 'hegemony'.

5

او از ابتذال در موسیقی پاپ امروز انتقاد‌ می‌کند.

He criticizes the banality in today's pop music.

Aesthetic term 'ebtezāl'.

6

او از پوپولیسم به عنوان ابزاری برای فریب انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized populism as a tool for deception.

Preposition 'be onvān-e'.

7

وی از ساختارشکنی‌های بی‌محتوا در ادبیات انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized empty deconstructions in literature.

Literary term 'sākhtār-shekani'.

8

او از فقدان اخلاق در روابط دیپلماتیک انتقاد‌ کرد.

He criticized the lack of ethics in diplomatic relations.

Noun 'faghdān' (lack).

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