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A2 noun #3,300 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

بخاری

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At the A1 level, 'Bokhāri' is introduced as a basic household noun. Students learn to identify the object in a room. The focus is on simple sentences like 'This is a heater' (In bokhāri ast) or 'The heater is hot' (Bokhāri dāgh ast). Learners at this stage should simply recognize that this is the device that provides warmth during the winter. They might learn it alongside other basic furniture like 'miz' (table) and 'sandali' (chair). The emphasis is on the physical presence of the object and the basic state of being 'on' or 'off'. Vocabulary is limited to the most frequent and necessary terms to survive a basic conversation about the weather or home environment.

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At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'Bokhāri' with functional verbs. They learn how to ask someone to turn the heater on or off ('Bokhāri rā roshan kon'). This level introduces the concept of different types of heaters, such as 'Bokhāri-ye gāzi' (gas heater) and 'Bokhāri-ye barghi' (electric heater). Students can describe their needs, such as 'I am cold, please turn up the heater'. They also start to learn basic safety words like 'looleh' (pipe) and 'dood' (smoke). The context expands from just naming the object to interacting with it in a daily routine. This is the stage where the word becomes a 'tool' for communication rather than just a label.

At the B1 level, the learner can discuss the 'Bokhāri' in the context of maintenance and problems. They can explain that a heater is broken ('Bokhāri kharāb ast') and describe the symptoms, such as a strange smell or the flame being the wrong color. They can understand simple instructions on how to install a heater or change its location. The conversation might involve talking about energy bills ('Pool-e gāz') and how the heater affects the household budget. Learners at this level can also understand the cultural transition from the traditional 'Korsi' to the modern 'Bokhāri' and can participate in a simple discussion about how people stayed warm in the past versus today.

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At the B2 level, 'Bokhāri' is used in more complex social and technical discussions. The learner can understand news reports about gas consumption during a cold snap or safety warnings from the fire department regarding 'Marg-e khāmoosh' (carbon monoxide poisoning). They can express opinions on the environmental impact of different heating systems, comparing the efficiency of a gas Bokhāri to central heating. Their vocabulary includes more technical parts like 'termostāt' (thermostat) and 'regolātor' (regulator). They can read and understand a manual for a heater or a newspaper article discussing energy shortages in the winter. The word is now part of a larger socio-economic context.

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At the C1 level, the learner recognizes 'Bokhāri' in literary and metaphorical contexts. In Persian literature or high-level journalism, the heater might be used as a symbol of domesticity, security, or the contrast between the private and public spheres. The learner can appreciate nuances in register, such as the difference between calling it a 'bokhāri' in a poem versus 'vasāyel-e garmāyeshi' in a technical report. They can engage in detailed debates about urban planning and the history of infrastructure in Iran, including the expansion of the gas network that made the gas Bokhāri a national standard. They understand the idiomatic and cultural baggage the word carries in the Iranian collective memory.

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At the C2 level, the learner has a masterly command of the word and its various connotations. They can analyze the linguistic evolution of the term and its relationship to 'Bokhārā' or other historical heating methods. They can draft technical specifications or policy documents related to heating standards. They understand the subtle social cues involved when someone mentions their heater—for instance, in some contexts, having a 'wood-burning heater' might signal a rustic, aesthetic choice in a villa, whereas in another, it might signal a lack of access to the gas grid. The learner can navigate these social complexities with ease, using the word with the same precision and cultural depth as a native speaker.

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بخاری in 30 Sekunden

A standard Persian noun for any standalone heater (gas, electric, or wood).
Essential vocabulary for winter and household life in Persian-speaking regions.
Commonly paired with verbs like 'roshan kardan' (on) and 'khāmoush kardan' (off).
Culturally significant as the center of family gatherings during cold months.

The word بخاری (Bokhāri) is one of the most essential household terms in the Persian-speaking world, particularly in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, where winters can be biting and snowy. At its core, it refers to any standalone device designed to generate heat for an indoor space. Unlike central heating systems which are often referred to as 'shoofāzh' (radiators), a Bokhāri is typically a prominent piece of furniture-like equipment sitting in the corner of a room, connected to a wall vent by a long, often silver, cylindrical pipe. The term itself is linguistically linked to the word 'Bokhār' meaning vapor or steam, though modern heaters rarely use steam; the name has stuck as a general term for the source of warmth.

The Gas Heater (Bokhāri-ye Gāzi): In urban Iran, the most common type is the gas heater. These are connected to the city's natural gas grid. They are known for their efficiency and the distinct clicking sound of the piezo-electric igniter. When a Persian speaker says 'Bokhāri rā roshan kon' (Turn on the heater), they are usually referring to this device.
The Electric Heater (Bokhāri-ye Barghi): Often used as a secondary heat source or in smaller offices, these are portable and convenient but consume significant electricity. They are frequently used during the 'transition seasons' of late autumn or early spring before the main heating system is activated.

بچه‌ها دور بخاری جمع شده بودند تا دست‌هایشان را گرم کنند.
(The children gathered around the heater to warm their hands.)

Culturally, the Bokhāri is more than just an appliance; it is the heart of the home during the cold months. Historically, Iranians used a 'Korsi' (a low table with a heater underneath and a large quilt over it), but the Bokhāri replaced the Korsi in most modern homes. However, the social habit of 'gathering around the heat' remains. Families will place their 'poshti' (cushions) near the heater, drink tea, and talk. The smell of a heater being turned on for the first time in autumn—the scent of burning dust particles—is a nostalgic marker of the changing seasons for many Iranians.

شعله‌ی بخاری باید همیشه آبی بسوزد.
(The heater's flame must always burn blue.)

In rural areas, you might still find the 'Bokhāri-ye Heezomi' (wood-burning stove) or 'Bokhāri-ye Nafti' (oil/kerosene heater). These require more maintenance but provide a very intense, dry heat that is cherished in mountain villages. The word 'Bokhāri' encompasses all these variations, making it a versatile and indispensable part of the Persian vocabulary related to the home and survival in temperate climates.

Using the word بخاری in a sentence requires understanding the common verbs and adjectives that accompany it. In Persian, we don't just 'turn on' a heater; we 'light' it (roshan kardan) or 'extinguish' it (khāmoush kardan). Because many heaters are gas-powered, the vocabulary of fire and gas is closely linked to this noun.

Common Verbs with Bokhāri

Roshan kardan (روشن کردن): To turn on/light. 'Lotfan bokhāri rā roshan kon.'
Khāmoush kardan (خاموش کردن): To turn off. 'Ghabl az khorooj, bokhāri rā khāmoush konid.'
Ziyād kardan (زیاد کردن): To turn up the heat. 'Havā kheyli sard ast, bokhāri rā ziyād kon.'
Kam kardan (کم کردن): To turn down the heat. 'Otāgh garm shod, bokhāri rā kam kon.'

آیا بخاری را برای زمستان سرویس کرده‌اید؟
(Have you serviced the heater for winter?)

Adjectives also play a key role. You might describe a heater as 'Gāzi' (gas), 'Barghi' (electric), 'Nafti' (oil), or 'Heezomi' (wood). If a heater isn't working well, you might say it is 'Kharāb' (broken) or 'Nime-suz' (partially burning/malfunctioning). A very efficient heater is often called 'Garm-konandeh' (warming/effective).

کنار بخاری ننشین، لباس‌هایت می‌سوزد!
(Don't sit right next to the heater, your clothes will burn!)

When talking about the physical parts of the heater, you will hear words like 'Looleh-ye bokhāri' (heater pipe/chimney), 'Shilang-e gāz' (gas hose), and 'Fandak' (igniter). Mastering these allows you to handle practical situations, like asking a landlord to fix the heating or buying a new unit at a store like 'Shahr-e Vatan' or specialized appliance shops in the 'Amin-Hozour' district of Tehran.

The word بخاری is ubiquitous in various social and professional settings across Iran. You will hear it in domestic conversations, news broadcasts, safety announcements, and even in literature. Understanding the context of where you hear it helps in grasping the cultural weight the word carries.

At Home: This is the most common context. 'Bokhāri rā roshan konim?' (Shall we turn on the heater?) marks the unofficial start of winter. Parents often warn children: 'Be bokhāri dast nazan, dāgh ast!' (Don't touch the heater, it's hot!).
In the News and Media: Every winter, the Iranian national TV (IRIB) runs safety campaigns. You will hear announcers talk about 'Nasb-e standard-e looleh-ye bokhāri' (Standard installation of the heater pipe). Unfortunately, you might also hear about 'Hādeseh-ye bokhāri' (Heater accident) in schools or old buildings, which is a significant public concern.

سازمان هواشناسی هشدار داد که مردم بخاری‌های خود را آماده کنند.
(The meteorological organization warned people to get their heaters ready.)

In commercial spaces, like the Grand Bazaar of Tehran, you'll see shopkeepers sitting next to small 'Bokhāri-ye Barghi' (electric heaters) to stay warm in their open-fronted stalls. If you are looking to buy one, you would go to a 'Lavāzem-e Khānegi' (home appliance) store and ask for the latest 'Bokhāri-ye gāzi-ye bedoone doodkesh' (ventless gas heater), though these are often debated for their safety.

تعمیرکار آمد تا بخاری را درست کند.
(The repairman came to fix the heater.)

Finally, in schools, the 'Bokhāri' is a central part of winter memories. Generations of Iranians remember the smell of wet coats drying on the heater guards after a snowy walk to school. The word evokes a sense of shared hardship and shared warmth that is deeply ingrained in the collective Iranian psyche.

For English speakers learning Persian, the word بخاری seems straightforward, but there are several linguistic and cultural traps to avoid. These range from mispronunciation to confusing the word with its root components.

Confusion with 'Bokhār': The root word 'Bokhār' (بخار) means steam or vapor. Beginners sometimes use 'Bokhār' when they mean 'Bokhāri'. Remember: 'Bokhār' is what comes out of a boiling kettle; 'Bokhāri' is the machine that keeps you warm. You cannot 'light' a bokhār.
Confusion with 'Shoofāzh': In modern apartments, you might see metal panels on the wall. These are 'Shoofāzh' (radiators) or 'Radiātor'. While they both provide heat, a Persian speaker specifically uses 'Bokhāri' for a standalone unit (gas or electric). Calling a radiator a 'bokhāri' sounds slightly uneducated or old-fashioned.

Mistake: من بخار را روشن کردم.
Correct: من بخاری را روشن کردم.

Another common mistake is related to the verb 'to turn on'. English speakers often want to use 'bāz kardan' (to open) because they are 'opening' the gas valve. While you do 'bāz kardan' the gas valve, the act of starting the heater is always 'roshan kardan' (to light/turn on). Conversely, for turning it off, use 'khāmoush kardan', not 'bastan' (to close), unless you are specifically talking about the gas pipe valve.

اشتباه: بخاری را باز کن. (Wrong context for 'turn on')
درست: بخاری را روشن کن.

Lastly, don't confuse 'Bokhāri' with the city of 'Bokhārā' (Bukhara). While the words are related historically (some suggest the style of heater or the word itself had origins or associations with the region), in modern Persian, they are distinct. You live in Bukhara, but you warm yourself with a Bokhāri.

While بخاری is the standard term for a heater, Persian has a rich vocabulary for different types of heating methods, reflecting the country's transition from traditional to modern life. Knowing these alternatives will help you navigate different types of Iranian homes.

شوفاژ (Shoofāzh) / رادیاتور (Radiātor): Used in modern apartments with central heating. Unlike a Bokhāri, which you light with a match or igniter, a Shoofāzh is controlled by a central boiler (pakej) and usually just has a knob to adjust the water flow.
شومینه (Shoomineh): The Persian word for a fireplace. These are often considered luxury items or aesthetic features in newer homes. They can be gas or wood-burning.
کرسی (Korsi): The traditional Iranian heating system. It consists of a low table with a heater (historically charcoal, now often electric) underneath, covered by a massive blanket. People sit around it with their legs tucked inside.
هیتر (Heater): The English loanword 'Heater' is sometimes used in industrial or very modern technical contexts (e.g., 'Heater-e san'ati'), but for home use, Bokhāri remains dominant.

در خانه‌های قدیمی از کرسی استفاده می‌شد، اما حالا همه بخاری دارند.
(In old houses, Korsi was used, but now everyone has a heater.)

When comparing these, remember that a Bokhāri is usually more powerful than a Shoofāzh for a single room but requires more safety precautions (ventilation). A Shoomineh is beautiful but often loses a lot of heat up the chimney. Understanding these nuances allows you to describe your living conditions accurately to Persian speakers.

فرق بخاری و شوفاژ در این است که بخاری شعله دارد.
(The difference between a heater and a radiator is that a heater has a flame.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

While the word looks like the name of the city 'Bukhara', most linguists treat them as separate etymological paths in modern usage, though some historical heaters might have been associated with the region.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /bo.xɒː.riː/

US /boʊ.xɑː.riː/

The stress is typically on the final syllable: bo-khā-RĪ.

Reimt sich auf

سواری (Savāri) بهاری (Bahāri) کاری (Kāri) جاری (Jāri) یاری (Yāri) قناری (Ghanāri) فراری (Farāri) داری (Dāri)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (Bokāri).
Pronouncing 'ā' as a short 'a' (Bokhări).
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the end sound with 'eh' (Bokhāreh).
Missing the 'h' sound in the 'kh' cluster.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

The word is short and phonetic. Easy to recognize in text.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires the 'kh' (خ) and 'ā' (ا) and 'r' (ر). Moderate for beginners.

Sprechen 4/5

The 'kh' sound can be difficult for English speakers to master.

Hören 2/5

Distinctive sound, usually clear in conversation.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

گرم (Warm) سرد (Cold) خانه (House) اتاق (Room) آتش (Fire)

Als Nächstes lernen

شوفاژ (Radiator) دودکش (Chimney) ایمنی (Safety) گاز (Gas) زمستان (Winter)

Fortgeschritten

مونوکسید کربن (Carbon Monoxide) احتراق (Combustion) ترموکوپل (Thermocouple) تأسیسات (Facilities/Infrastructure) برودت (Extreme cold)

Wichtige Grammatik

Direct Object Marker 'rā'

بخاری را روشن کن. (Turn on the heater.)

Ezafe Construction

لوله بخاری (The heater's pipe.)

Compound Verbs

استفاده کردن از بخاری (To use the heater.)

Adjective Agreement

بخاری‌های بزرگ (Big heaters.)

Imperative Mood

بخاری را خاموش کن! (Turn off the heater!)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این یک بخاری است.

This is a heater.

Basic 'Subject + Noun + Verb' structure.

بخاری گرم است.

The heater is hot.

Adjective 'garm' describing the noun.

بخاری در اتاق است.

The heater is in the room.

Prepositional phrase 'dar otāgh'.

من بخاری دارم.

I have a heater.

Verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

بخاری کجاست؟

Where is the heater?

Interrogative 'kojāst'.

بخاری خاموش است.

The heater is off.

Adjective 'khāmoush' (off/extinguished).

بخاری بزرگ است.

The heater is big.

Adjective 'bozorg' (big).

این بخاری سیاه است.

This heater is black.

Color adjective following the noun.

لطفا بخاری را روشن کن.

Please turn on the heater.

Imperative form of 'roshan kardan'.

بخاری را کمی زیاد کن.

Turn up the heater a little.

Adverb 'kami' (a little) with 'ziyād kardan'.

ما در زمستان از بخاری استفاده می‌کنیم.

We use a heater in winter.

Present continuous use of 'estefādeh kardan'.

بخاری برقی خیلی مصرف دارد.

The electric heater consumes a lot (of power).

Noun 'masraf' (consumption).

آیا بخاری شما گازی است؟

Is your heater gas-powered?

Possessive 'shomā' and adjective 'gāzi'.

لوله بخاری خیلی داغ است.

The heater pipe is very hot.

Compound noun 'looleh bokhāri'.

بخاری را خاموش کردی؟

Did you turn off the heater?

Past tense question.

من باید یک بخاری جدید بخرم.

I must buy a new heater.

Modal 'bāyad' (must) with 'kharidan'.

اگر بخاری خراب شود، خانه خیلی سرد می‌شود.

If the heater breaks, the house will become very cold.

Conditional 'agar' sentence.

بوی گاز از بخاری می‌آید، آن را سریع ببند.

The smell of gas is coming from the heater, close it quickly.

Verb 'āmadan' used for smells.

او تمام شب را کنار بخاری خوابید.

He slept next to the heater all night.

Preposition 'kenār' (beside).

تعمیرکار برای سرویس بخاری به خانه ما آمد.

The repairman came to our house to service the heater.

Noun 'service' used as a loanword/verb.

بخاری‌های هیزمی حس خیلی خوبی دارند.

Wood-burning heaters have a very good feel.

Plural 'bokhāri-hā'.

همیشه قبل از خواب چک کن که بخاری سالم باشد.

Always check that the heater is safe/healthy before sleeping.

Subjunctive 'bāshad' after 'chek kon'.

نصب بخاری در حمام بسیار خطرناک است.

Installing a heater in the bathroom is very dangerous.

Gerund 'nasb' (installing).

این بخاری فضای زیادی را اشغال می‌کند.

This heater occupies a lot of space.

Verb 'eshghāl kardan'.

به دلیل سرمای شدید، مصرف گاز بخاری‌ها افزایش یافته است.

Due to extreme cold, the gas consumption of heaters has increased.

Formal 'afzāyesh yāfteh ast' (has increased).

نشت گاز مونوکسید کربن از بخاری باعث مسمومیت می‌شود.

Carbon monoxide leakage from the heater causes poisoning.

Technical term 'masmoomiyat'.

دولت از مردم خواست در مصرف بخاری صرفه‌جویی کنند.

The government asked people to save (economize) on heater usage.

Verb 'sarfeh-jooyi kardan'.

بخاری‌های بدون دودکش برای فضاهای بسته مناسب نیستند.

Ventless heaters are not suitable for enclosed spaces.

Compound adjective 'bedoone doodkesh'.

راندمان این مدل بخاری نسبت به مدل‌های قدیمی بالاتر است.

The efficiency of this heater model is higher than older models.

Noun 'rāndemān' (efficiency).

او بخاری را طوری تنظیم کرد که دمای اتاق ثابت بماند.

He adjusted the heater so that the room temperature would remain constant.

Adverbial 'tori ke' (in a way that).

در بسیاری از روستاهای دورافتاده، هنوز از بخاری نفتی استفاده می‌شود.

In many remote villages, oil heaters are still used.

Passive-like construction 'estefādeh mishavad'.

دودکش بخاری باید دارای کلاهک اچ (H) باشد.

The heater chimney must have an H-shaped cap.

Technical requirement 'kolāhak-e H'.

گرمای مطبوع بخاری در آن شب برفی، خاطرات کودکی را زنده کرد.

The pleasant warmth of the heater on that snowy night brought childhood memories back to life.

Literary 'zendeh kardan' (to revive/bring to life).

صدای تیک‌تیک بخاری تنها صدایی بود که در سکوت شب شنیده می‌شد.

The ticking sound of the heater was the only sound heard in the silence of the night.

Onomatopoeia 'tik-tik'.

او چنان به بخاری تکیه داده بود که گویی پناهگاهی امن یافته است.

He leaned against the heater as if he had found a safe haven.

Conjunction 'gooyi' (as if).

جایگزینی بخاری با سیستم‌های حرارت مرکزی، سبک زندگی شهری را تغییر داد.

Replacing the heater with central heating systems changed the urban lifestyle.

Formal noun 'jāygozini' (replacement).

در اشعار مدرن، بخاری گاه نمادی از انزوا و تنهایی در آپارتمان‌های سرد است.

In modern poetry, the heater is sometimes a symbol of isolation and loneliness in cold apartments.

Noun 'namād' (symbol).

شعله‌های رقصان بخاری، سایه‌های عجیبی بر دیوارهای اتاق می‌انداخت.

The dancing flames of the heater cast strange shadows on the room walls.

Participial adjective 'raghsān' (dancing).

فرهنگ 'نشستن دور بخاری' در حال کمرنگ شدن در میان نسل جدید است.

The culture of 'sitting around the heater' is fading among the new generation.

Idiomatic 'kamrang shodan' (fading/losing color).

ایمنی بخاری‌های گازی همواره دغدغه‌ای جدی برای کارشناسان بوده است.

The safety of gas heaters has always been a serious concern for experts.

Noun 'daghdagheh' (concern/preoccupation).

تکنولوژی ساخت بخاری‌های هوشمند با قابلیت کنترل از راه دور در حال گسترش است.

The technology for manufacturing smart heaters with remote control capabilities is expanding.

Complex compound noun 'ghābiliyat-e kontrol az rāh-e door'.

تحلیل آماری حوادث ناشی از بخاری نشان‌دهنده ضرورت ارتقای استانداردهای تولید است.

Statistical analysis of heater-related accidents indicates the necessity of upgrading production standards.

Academic 'neshān-dahandeh' (indicating).

بهینه‌سازی مصرف سوخت در بخاری‌های خانگی نقشی کلیدی در تراز انرژی کشور دارد.

Optimizing fuel consumption in domestic heaters plays a key role in the country's energy balance.

Technical term 'tarāz-e enerzhi'.

تضاد میان گرمای صمیمی بخاری و سرمای استخوان‌سوز بیرون، مضمونی مکرر در ادبیات داستانی است.

The contrast between the intimate warmth of the heater and the bone-chilling cold outside is a recurring theme in fiction.

Adjective 'estokhān-sooz' (bone-burning/chilling).

بررسی تطبیقی راندمان حرارتی بخاری‌های تابشی و جابه‌جایی در محیط‌های صنعتی.

A comparative study of the thermal efficiency of radiant and convective heaters in industrial environments.

Technical physics terms.

پدیده 'وارونگی دما' در زمستان، استفاده از بخاری‌های با آلایندگی کمتر را الزامی می‌کند.

The 'temperature inversion' phenomenon in winter makes the use of lower-emission heaters mandatory.

Scientific term 'vāroonegi-ye damā'.

نوستالژی بخاری‌های نفتی قدیمی با آن بوی خاص، بخشی جدایی‌ناپذیر از هویت جمعی دهه‌های گذشته است.

The nostalgia for old oil heaters with that specific smell is an inseparable part of the collective identity of past decades.

Philosophical 'hoviyat-e jam'i' (collective identity).

تدوین ضوابط سخت‌گیرانه برای نصب بخاری در فضاهای عمومی، از اولویت‌های سازمان نظام مهندسی است.

Formulating strict regulations for heater installation in public spaces is among the priorities of the Engineering Regulatory Organization.

Formal administrative language.

Synonyme

گرم‌کن اجاق آتش‌دان شوفاژ رادیاتور شومینه وسیله گرمایشی هیتر

Gegenteile

کولر پنکه یخچال اسپیلت (در حالت سرمایش)

Häufige Kollokationen

بخاری گازی

بخاری برقی

لوله بخاری

روشن کردن بخاری

خاموش کردن بخاری

سرویس بخاری

بخاری نفتی

بخاری هیزمی

نصب بخاری

شعله بخاری

Häufige Phrasen

بخاری را زیاد کن

— Turn up the heat. Used when someone is feeling cold.

یخ کردم، لطفا بخاری را زیاد کن.

بخاری را کم کن

— Turn down the heat. Used when the room is too warm.

اتاق خیلی گرم شده، بخاری را کم کن.

لوله بخاری را چک کن

— Check the heater pipe. A common safety warning in Iran.

برای اطمینان، برو لوله بخاری را چک کن که داغ باشد.

بخاری خراب است

— The heater is broken. A common complaint in winter.

امشب باید پتو اضافه برداریم چون بخاری خراب است.

بخاری سوت می‌زند

— The heater is making a whistling sound. Usually indicates a gas flow issue.

چرا بخاری سوت می‌زند؟ خطرناک نباشد؟

کنار بخاری نشستن

— To sit by the heater. A cozy winter activity.

نشستن کنار بخاری و خوردن انار لذت‌بخش است.

بخاری برقی پرمصرف

— A high-consumption electric heater.

این بخاری برقی پرمصرف است و پول برق را زیاد می‌کند.

بخاری بدون دودکش

— Ventless heater. Often debated for safety.

بخاری بدون دودکش را در اتاق خواب نگذارید.

فصل بخاری

— Heater season. Informal term for late autumn and winter.

دوباره فصل بخاری و چای داغ رسید.

دودکش بخاری

— Heater chimney/vent.

پرنده‌ها در دودکش بخاری لانه کرده بودند.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

بخاری vs بخار (Bokhār)

Means steam/vapor. You can't sit next to 'steam' to warm a whole room like a 'heater'.

بخاری vs بخارا (Bokhārā)

The city in Uzbekistan. Related name, totally different meaning.

بخاری vs بخور (Bokhoor)

A humidifier or incense burner. Sounds similar but serves a different purpose.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"بخاری از کسی بلند نشدن"

— Literally 'no heat/steam rises from someone'. It means someone is useless, lacks initiative, or won't help.

امیدی به او نداشته باش، از او بخاری بلند نمی‌شود.

informal/idiomatic

"دم بخاری نشستن"

— To stay close to the heat. Metaphorically, staying in one's comfort zone.

او همیشه دم بخاری نشسته و از سختی‌ها فرار می‌کند.

informal

"گرمای بخاری"

— Used metaphorically to describe a small, localized comfort in a harsh situation.

محبت او مثل گرمای بخاری در یک کلبه برفی بود.

literary

"مثل بخاری سوختن"

— To burn like a heater. Used to describe someone working very hard or consuming themselves with passion/worry.

مادر برای بچه‌هایش مثل بخاری می‌سوزد و گرمای زندگی را فراهم می‌کند.

poetic

"بخاری را به توپ بستن"

— To over-rely on the heater (slang). Turning it to the maximum setting constantly.

زمستان که می‌شود، بخاری را به توپ می‌بندد!

slang

"دود از بخاری بلند شدن"

— Literally 'smoke rising from the heater'. Indicates something is active or working, but can also mean trouble is brewing.

بالاخره دودی از بخاری بلند شد و طرح شروع شد.

informal

"دلش مثل بخاری گرم است"

— His/her heart is as warm as a heater. Describes a very kind and hospitable person.

پدربزرگ دلش مثل بخاری گرم است.

poetic

"بخاری سرد"

— A cold heater. Symbol of a desolate or abandoned home.

خانه سوت و کور بود و بخاری سرد.

literary

"باد بخاری"

— The 'wind' or air from a heater. Often used when describing the dry air that can cause headaches.

باد بخاری چشم‌هایم را خشک کرد.

neutral

"بخاری‌دیواری"

— Wall-mounted heater. Often used to describe something that is fixed and unchanging.

اخلاقش مثل بخاری‌دیواری ثابت است.

informal/metaphorical

Leicht verwechselbar

بخاری vs شوفاژ

Both are heating devices.

Shoofāzh is central heating/radiator; Bokhāri is a standalone unit.

در آپارتمان ما شوفاژ هست، نه بخاری.

بخاری vs شومینه

Both provide fire-based heat.

Shoomineh is a fireplace built into the wall structure.

شومینه قشنگ است اما بخاری گرم‌تر است.

بخاری vs اجاق

Both involve burners.

Oghāgh is for cooking; Bokhāri is for heating the room.

روی اجاق غذا می‌پزیم، با بخاری گرم می‌شویم.

بخاری vs کرسی

Both are traditional heaters.

Korsi is a specific table-blanket setup; Bokhāri is the modern appliance.

قدیم‌ها کرسی داشتند، حالا بخاری دارند.

بخاری vs پکیج

Related to heating.

Pakej is the boiler unit that feeds the radiators (shoofāzh).

پکیج را روشن کن تا شوفاژها گرم شوند.

Satzmuster

[Subject] [Bokhāri] [Verb].

این بخاری است.

Lotfan [Bokhāri] rā [Verb].

لطفا بخاری را روشن کن.

Agar [Bokhāri] [Verb], [Result].

اگر بخاری خراب شود، سردمان می‌شود.

Be dalil-e [Reason], [Bokhāri] [Verb].

به دلیل سرما، بخاری را زیاد کردیم.

[Metaphorical Bokhāri Phrase].

از او بخاری بلند نمی‌شود.

[Technical/Formal Bokhāri Clause].

بهینه‌سازی بخاری الزامی است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

بخار (Vapor/Steam)

بخارشو (Steam cleaner)

بخارپز (Steamer/Steam cooker)

Verben

بخار کردن (To steam/fog up)

تبخیر شدن (To evaporate)

Adjektive

بخارآلود (Steamy/Foggy)

تبخیری (Evaporative)

Verwandt

گرما (Heat)

آتش (Fire)

دودکش (Chimney)

گاز (Gas)

سرما (Cold)

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frequency

Extremely high during winter months (November to March).

Häufige Fehler

Using 'Bokhār' instead of 'Bokhāri'. → Bokhāri
Bokhār means steam. Bokhāri means the heater.
Saying 'Bokhāri rā bāz kon' to turn it on. → Bokhāri rā roshan kon.
Bāz kardan means to physically open a door or a valve, not to turn on an appliance.
Pronouncing it 'Bokāri' (with a K). → Bokhāri
The 'KH' sound is essential for being understood.
Confusing 'Bokhāri' with 'Shoofāzh'. → Use 'Bokhāri' for standalone units.
Shoofāzh is central heating. They are different systems.
Forgetting the 'rā' after Bokhāri in direct objects. → Bokhāri rā خاموش کن.
Since Bokhāri is a specific direct object here, 'rā' is required.

Tipps

Check the Pipe

Always touch the heater pipe (looleh). If it's cold while the heater is on, turn it off immediately! It means the CO gas is staying inside.

Types of Fuel

Learn the adjectives: Gāzi (Gas), Barghi (Electric), Nafti (Oil), Heezomi (Wood). This helps you specify what you need.

Verbs Matter

Remember 'Roshan kardan' for ON and 'Khāmoush kardan' for OFF. Don't use 'open' or 'close' for the appliance itself.

Social Center

In winter, the Bokhāri is the social hub. If you visit an Iranian home, you'll likely be invited to sit near it.

The 'KH' Sound

Don't be shy with the 'KH'. It should sound like you're clearing your throat gently. Practice with 'Bokhāri'.

Service Early

In Iran, people 'service' their heaters in Mehr (September/October) before the cold starts in Aban (October/November).

Brands

Famous Iranian heater brands include 'Azmayesh', 'Arj', and 'Polar'. You might see these names on the heaters.

Energy Saving

During peak winter, the government may ask to turn down the Bokhāri. Use the phrase 'Sarfeh-jooyi dar masraf-e gāz'.

Useless People

If someone says 'Az oo bokhāri boland nemishavad', they mean that person won't help or isn't capable.

The Final 'i'

The final 'i' (ی) is part of the word, not just an ending. It's 'Bokhāri', not 'Bokhār'.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Bukhara' (the famous warm city) and add an 'i' - the Bokhāri is what brings the warmth of the sun into your house.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a silver pipe (looleh) snaking up a wall from a black box with a blue flame (shole-ye ābi). That is your Bokhāri.

Word Web

Gas Heat Winter Chimney Fire Warmth Home Safety

Herausforderung

Try to describe your favorite type of heater (electric, gas, or wood) using the word 'Bokhāri' and two adjectives.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Persian word 'بخار' (Bokhār) meaning 'vapor' or 'steam', plus the suffix '-i'. The suffix '-i' often denotes a tool or a relationship.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Something related to steam or a device that produces vapor.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Kultureller Kontext

Always mention safety when discussing gas heaters in Iran, as it is a major public health topic.

Unlike the UK or US where 'radiators' or 'furnaces' are hidden or central, the Persian Bokhāri is a visible, standalone appliance.

The movie 'The Children of Heaven' shows humble Iranian homes where the heater is a focal point. Safety campaigns featuring the character 'Mr. Safety' (Aghaye Imany) often talk about Bokhāri pipes. Contemporary Persian novels often use the 'clicking' of the heater to set a quiet, domestic mood.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

At a home appliance store

قیمت این بخاری چند است؟
آیا این بخاری گارانتی دارد؟
مصرف گاز این بخاری چقدر است؟
این بخاری برای چند متر مربع مناسب است؟

With a repairman

بخاری ما روشن نمی‌شود.
فندک بخاری خراب شده است.
بخاری بوی گاز می‌دهد.
شعله بخاری زرد می‌سوزد.

Winter safety warning

لوله بخاری را چک کنید.
راه خروج دود را باز بگذارید.
از کلاهک اچ استفاده کنید.
بخاری بدون دودکش خطرناک است.

Family conversation

برو کنار بخاری گرم شو.
بخاری را کمی کم کن، گرممان شد.
پشت بخاری لباس‌ها را خشک کن.
امسال بخاری را زود روشن کردیم.

At school

کنار بخاری ندوید.
بخاری کلاس خراب است.
دست‌هایم را روی بخاری گرم کردم.
ناظم گفت بخاری را دست نزنید.

Gesprächseinstiege

"شما در خانه از بخاری استفاده می‌کنید یا شوفاژ؟"

"به نظر شما بخاری گازی بهتر است یا برقی؟"

"آیا تا به حال بخاری هیزمی از نزدیک دیده‌اید؟"

"در کشور شما مردم چطور خانه‌هایشان را گرم می‌کنند؟"

"خاطره‌ای از نشستن دور بخاری در زمستان دارید؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

توصیف کنید که یک شب سرد زمستانی کنار بخاری چه حسی دارد.

درباره تفاوت‌های بخاری و سیستم‌های گرمایشی مدرن بنویسید.

اگر بخاری خانه‌تان در یک روز خیلی سرد خراب شود، چه کار می‌کنید؟

اهمیت ایمنی بخاری در خانه‌های ایرانی را تحلیل کنید.

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کودکی که برای اولین بار بخاری را می‌بیند بنویسید.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, while gas heaters are the most common in Iran, 'Bokhāri' is a general term. You can have a 'Bokhāri-ye barghi' (electric), 'Bokhāri-ye heezomi' (wood), or 'Bokhāri-ye nafti' (oil).

If it is a gas Bokhāri with a proper chimney and a blue flame, it is generally safe. However, many people prefer to turn it down. Ventless heaters should never be left on in small, unventilated rooms at night.

It's usually in the negative idiom 'Az oo bokhāri boland nemishavad', meaning the person is useless or lacks energy/initiative.

You say 'Bokhāri kharāb ast'. This is a very useful phrase if you are renting a place in Iran during winter.

It is called 'looleh-ye bokhāri'. It is the exhaust pipe that carries dangerous gases out of the house.

Yes! The heater in a car is also called 'bokhāri'. You can say 'Bokhāri-ye māshin rā roshan kon'.

It is a ventless heater. It doesn't have a pipe. They are portable but require careful monitoring of oxygen levels in the room.

Say 'Bokhāri rā ziyād kon'. 'Ziyād' means 'much' or 'more'.

Persian does not have grammatical gender, so 'Bokhāri' is neutral.

The plural is 'Bokhāri-hā'. For example: 'Bokhāri-hā-ye madreseh' (The school's heaters).

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