prévu
prévu in 30 Sekunden
- Prévu means 'planned' or 'scheduled' and is essential for daily organization.
- It must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies (e.g., une fête prévue).
- Commonly used in phrases like 'comme prévu' (as planned) and 'rien de prévu' (nothing planned).
- It is the past participle of the verb 'prévoir' (to foresee).
The French word prévu is the past participle of the verb prévoir (to foresee or to plan), but it is most frequently encountered as an adjective. At its core, it describes something that has been arranged, anticipated, or intended to happen at a specific time or in a specific way. When you use prévu, you are signaling that an event is not accidental; it is part of a pre-existing schedule or mental map. This word is essential for navigating daily life in France, from understanding train schedules to confirming social appointments. It carries a sense of order and expectation, contrasting sharply with imprévu (unexpected).
- Core Concept
- The state of being organized or anticipated before the moment of occurrence.
Tout se passe comme prévu pour le moment.
In a broader sense, prévu can also refer to things that are legally or contractually required. For instance, if a benefit is prévu par la loi, it means the law has foreseen and established that benefit. This transition from simple planning to formal provision makes it a versatile tool in both casual conversation and professional documentation. It is often paired with the preposition pour to indicate a time or purpose, such as prévu pour demain (planned for tomorrow).
- Temporal Aspect
- It bridges the past (when the plan was made) with the future (when the event will happen).
La réunion est prévue à quatorze heures.
Furthermore, prévu is often used substantively in the phrase comme prévu (as planned/expected). This is perhaps the most common way you will hear it in everyday speech. If you tell a friend you will arrive at 8:00 PM and you do, you have arrived comme prévu. It reinforces reliability and the fulfillment of expectations. In professional contexts, it describes budget items (le budget prévu) or architectural features (l'espace prévu pour l'ascenseur), indicating that these elements were not afterthoughts but intentional parts of the design.
C'était prévu depuis longtemps.
- Agreement Check
- Always look at the noun. 'Une fête prévue' vs 'Un voyage prévu'.
Les travaux sont prévus pour durer trois mois.
Les changements prévus sont mineurs.
Using prévu correctly requires attention to its role as an adjective and its relationship with the verb prévoir. Unlike some English adjectives that remain static, prévu must dance with the noun it describes. If you are talking about a singular feminine noun like une sortie (an outing), you must add an 'e' to make it prévue. If it's plural, add an 's'. This grammatical harmony is vital for sounding natural in French. You will most often find it following the verb être (to be) or directly modifying a noun.
- Syntactic Position
- Usually placed after the noun or after the verb 'être'.
Est-ce que c'est prévu au programme ?
One of the most powerful constructions is il est prévu de + infinitive. This is an impersonal structure used to say 'it is planned to...' or 'it is intended to...'. For example, Il est prévu de rénover la mairie (It is planned to renovate the town hall). This sounds more formal and objective than saying Nous prévoyons de.... It shifts the focus from the person doing the planning to the plan itself. Additionally, when prévu is used with que, it requires the indicative mood, not the subjunctive, because it deals with a planned reality: Il est prévu que nous partions demain (though 'partions' here is subjunctive, it's often due to other triggers; generally, prévu implies a scheduled fact).
- Prepositional Use
- 'Prévu pour' + [Time/Purpose] is the standard way to indicate scheduling.
Le vol est prévu pour dix heures.
In business and project management, prévu is indispensable. You will talk about le coût prévu (the estimated/planned cost) and compare it with le coût réel (the actual cost). This comparison between the 'prévu' and the 'réel' is a cornerstone of professional French. When you are making plans with friends, you might ask Qu'est-ce qui est prévu ? (What's the plan?). This is a very common, slightly informal way to ask what activities have been organized. It avoids the more rigid Quel est le plan ? which can sometimes sound like a translation from English.
C'est plus difficile que prévu.
- Comparative Structures
- Used after 'que' in comparisons to mean 'than planned'.
Comme prévu, la boutique est fermée.
Rien n'était prévu pour ce soir.
You will encounter prévu in almost every facet of French life, from the mundane to the highly formal. In public transport, the SNCF (French National Railways) frequently uses it in announcements. You might hear: L'arrivée est prévue à quai numéro 4 (The arrival is planned at platform number 4). If there is a delay, the automated voice might say: Le train arrivera plus tard que prévu. In these contexts, prévu is the language of the timetable, the objective schedule that everyone is following. It provides a baseline of expectation against which reality is measured.
- Public Announcements
- Used for arrival times, platform changes, and service interruptions.
L'arrivée est prévue avec dix minutes de retard.
In the media, weather forecasts (la météo) are a prime location for this word. Meteorologists talk about les températures prévues (the forecast temperatures) or la pluie prévue pour l'après-midi. Here, prévu translates more closely to 'forecast' or 'predicted'. Similarly, in news reports about government actions or strikes, you will hear about les manifestations prévues (the planned protests). It indicates that the event is already on the calendar and is expected by the authorities and the public alike. It carries a weight of inevitability or at least strong intention.
- Social Context
- Commonly used to discuss social engagements and reservations.
Qu'est-ce qui est prévu pour le dîner ?
Socially, prévu is the go-to word for checking availability. A common casual question is Tu as quelque chose de prévu ce week-end ? (Do you have anything planned this weekend?). If you don't, you can reply Rien de prévu. It's much more common than using the verb planifier in this context. In workplace meetings, you'll hear about l'ordre du jour prévu (the planned agenda). If a colleague asks why you are doing something a certain way, you might simply say C'est ce qui était prévu (That's what was planned), which serves as a justification based on prior agreement.
Comme prévu, nous nous voyons à midi.
- Professional Use
- Essential for discussing agendas, deadlines, and project milestones.
Le budget prévu a été dépassé.
C'était prévu au contrat.
One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is failing to apply gender and number agreement. Because 'planned' in English never changes, it is easy to forget that prévu must match the noun. For example, saying La réunion est prévu is a common slip; it must be prévue. Another mistake is overusing the verb planifier when prévu is more natural. While planifier is correct for the act of planning, prévu is the natural choice to describe the state of being planned. If you say C'est planifié, it sounds a bit technical or robotic compared to the smoother C'est prévu.
- Agreement Errors
- Failing to add 'e' for feminine nouns or 's' for plural nouns.
Incorrect: La fête est prévu. Correct: La fête est prévue.
Confusion between prévu and attendu (expected) is also common. While they overlap, prévu implies a plan or schedule, whereas attendu implies a psychological expectation or a logical consequence. If a train is prévu at 10:00, that is its schedule. If a guest is attendu at 10:00, it means you are waiting for them. Another nuance is the use of comme prévu. Learners sometimes try to make prévu agree here (e.g., comme prévus), but in this specific adverbial phrase, it remains masculine singular regardless of what is being discussed.
- False Friend Alert
- 'Prévu' vs 'Prévenu'. One is about plans, the other about warnings.
Incorrect: J'ai prévu mon ami du danger. Correct: J'ai prévenu mon ami.
Finally, watch out for the preposition. Learners often say prévu pour samedi (planned for Saturday), which is correct, but they might mistakenly use sur or à in ways that don't fit the French idiom. Prévu au programme is correct, but prévu sur le programme is less common. Also, avoid using prévu when you mean 'provided' in the sense of 'giving' something (use fourni instead). Prévu means 'provided' only in the sense of 'stipulated' or 'foreseen' in a text or plan.
C'est prévu par la loi.
- Contextual Misuse
- Don't use 'prévu' for 'provided' (supplied). Use it for 'stipulated'.
Tout s'est passé comme prévu.
Les vacances prévues ont été annulées.
Understanding prévu becomes easier when you compare it to its synonyms and related terms. The most direct synonym is planifié. While planifié is technically correct, it often sounds more formal or bureaucratic, used in contexts like urban planning or large-scale industrial projects. Prévu is the warmer, more everyday term. Another close relative is organisé. While prévu focuses on the fact that something is on the schedule, organisé emphasizes the effort and logistics that went into making it happen. You might have a meeting prévue, but a party organisée.
- Prévu vs Planifié
- 'Prévu' is natural and common; 'planifié' is formal and technical.
Le voyage est prévu pour juin.
Then there is attendu. As mentioned before, attendu is about expectation. If a movie is très attendu, it means people are excited to see it. If it is prévu for Friday, that's just the release date. Another interesting comparison is with programmé. This is used specifically for things that follow a 'programme' or a sequence, like a television show, a computer task, or a concert series. Prévu is the umbrella term that can cover all of these, but programmé is more specific to the medium of the schedule.
- Prévu vs Programmé
- 'Programmé' implies a sequence or a formal listing; 'prévu' is more general.
C'est un événement programmé chaque année.
In legal or official contexts, you might see stipulé. This is much narrower than prévu. Stipulé refers specifically to what is written in a contract clause. While a contract might have des conditions prévues (planned/provided conditions), the specific wording is stipulé. Finally, consider envisagé. This means 'contemplated' or 'under consideration'. If something is envisagé, it's not quite prévu yet; it's still in the thinking phase. Moving from envisagé to prévu represents a firming up of intentions.
C'est une solution envisagée par la direction.
- The Spectrum of Planning
- Envisagé (Idea) → Prévu (Plan) → Programmé (Schedule) → Réalisé (Done).
Comme prévu, le projet avance bien.
Le budget prévu est suffisant.
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Past Participle as Adjective
Gender and Number Agreement
Impersonal Expressions
Comparative Adjectives
Prepositions of Time
Beispiele nach Niveau
C'est prévu.
It is planned.
Basic 'subject + verb + adjective' structure.
Rien de prévu pour ce soir.
Nothing planned for tonight.
Common informal expression.
Le dîner est prévu à 19h.
Dinner is planned for 7 PM.
Using 'à' to indicate time.
C'est comme prévu.
It's as planned.
Fixed expression 'comme prévu'.
Le bus est prévu.
The bus is scheduled.
Masculine singular agreement.
La leçon est prévue.
The lesson is planned.
Feminine singular agreement (prévue).
Qu'est-ce qui est prévu ?
What is planned?
Question using 'qu'est-ce qui'.
C'était prévu.
It was planned.
Using the imperfect tense.
La fête est prévue pour samedi.
The party is planned for Saturday.
Agreement with 'la fête' (f.s.).
Les vacances sont prévues en août.
The holidays are planned in August.
Agreement with 'les vacances' (f.p.).
Il est arrivé plus tard que prévu.
He arrived later than planned.
Comparative structure 'plus... que prévu'.
Le rendez-vous est prévu à la banque.
The meeting is planned at the bank.
Indicating location with 'à'.
Tout se passe comme prévu.
Everything is going as planned.
Invariable 'comme prévu'.
Ce n'était pas prévu au programme.
It wasn't planned in the program.
Negative construction with 'pas'.
Le vol est prévu à dix heures.
The flight is scheduled for ten o'clock.
Masculine singular agreement with 'le vol'.
Les travaux sont prévus pour demain.
The works are planned for tomorrow.
Masculine plural agreement with 'les travaux'.
Il est prévu de rénover le centre-ville.
It is planned to renovate the city center.
Impersonal 'il est prévu de + infinitive'.
Le budget prévu est de mille euros.
The planned budget is one thousand euros.
Adjective modifying 'le budget'.
Comme prévu, il a plu toute la journée.
As expected, it rained all day.
Using 'comme prévu' as a sentence starter.
La réunion a duré plus longtemps que prévu.
The meeting lasted longer than planned.
Comparative 'plus longtemps que prévu'.
C'est une étape prévue dans le projet.
It's a planned step in the project.
Agreement with 'une étape' (f.s.).
Rien n'était prévu pour gérer cette crise.
Nothing was planned to manage this crisis.
Using 'rien' as a subject.
Les changements prévus sont importants.
The planned changes are important.
Agreement with 'les changements' (m.p.).
Le départ est prévu pour l'aube.
The departure is planned for dawn.
Using 'pour' to indicate a future time.
Les conditions prévues au contrat sont claires.
The conditions provided in the contract are clear.
Formal use of 'prévu' meaning 'stipulated'.
L'impact prévu sur l'environnement est minime.
The planned impact on the environment is minimal.
Adjective modifying 'l'impact'.
Il est prévu que la loi change l'année prochaine.
It is expected that the law will change next year.
Impersonal 'il est prévu que + clause'.
Le succès était prévu par tous les experts.
The success was foreseen by all the experts.
Passive-like construction with 'par'.
C'est un investissement prévu sur le long terme.
It's a planned investment for the long term.
Using 'sur le long terme' as a timeframe.
Les mesures prévues visent à réduire le chômage.
The planned measures aim to reduce unemployment.
Agreement with 'les mesures' (f.p.).
Le trajet est plus court que prévu.
The journey is shorter than planned.
Comparative with 'plus court'.
Aucune exception n'est prévue dans ce cas.
No exception is provided in this case.
Negative 'aucune... n'est prévue'.
Le dispositif prévu s'est avéré inefficace.
The planned device/system proved to be ineffective.
Formal noun 'le dispositif'.
Malgré les précautions prévues, l'incident a eu lieu.
Despite the planned precautions, the incident occurred.
Using 'malgré' to show contrast.
L'évolution prévue du marché inquiète les analystes.
The planned/forecasted evolution of the market worries analysts.
Abstract use of 'évolution'.
C'est une clause prévue pour protéger les mineurs.
It is a clause provided to protect minors.
Specific legal context.
Les bénéfices prévus n'ont pas été atteints.
The planned profits were not achieved.
Agreement with 'les bénéfices' (m.p.).
Il n'était pas prévu que la situation dégénère ainsi.
It was not foreseen that the situation would escalate like this.
Impersonal negative with 'que' clause.
Le calendrier prévu doit être respecté scrupuleusement.
The planned schedule must be strictly respected.
Using 'scrupuleusement' for emphasis.
Les ressources prévues sont insuffisantes pour ce projet.
The planned resources are insufficient for this project.
Agreement with 'les ressources' (f.p.).
L'ordonnance prévue par le code civil est formelle.
The order provided by the civil code is formal.
Highly formal legal language.
Rien dans le destin n'est jamais vraiment prévu.
Nothing in destiny is ever truly planned.
Philosophical usage.
La configuration prévue optimise les flux de données.
The planned configuration optimizes data flows.
Technical/Scientific context.
Les modalités prévues feront l'objet d'un décret.
The planned modalities will be the subject of a decree.
Administrative 'faire l'objet de'.
L'issue prévue du conflit reste incertaine.
The planned/expected outcome of the conflict remains uncertain.
Using 'l'issue' (f.s.).
Les économies prévues ont été réallouées à la santé.
The planned savings were reallocated to healthcare.
Passive voice with 'ont été réallouées'.
Le scénario prévu s'est déroulé sans accroc.
The planned scenario unfolded without a hitch.
Idiom 'sans accroc'.
Les dispositions prévues s'appliquent à tous les citoyens.
The provisions provided apply to all citizens.
Legal 'dispositions'.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
So verwendest du es
Prévu implies a plan; Attendu implies an expectation.
Remember: Une réunion prévue, des travaux prévus.
'Comme prévu' never changes.
-
La fête est prévu.
Failing to agree with the feminine noun 'fête'.
-
Comme prévus, nous sommes là.
'Comme prévu' is an invariable phrase.
-
J'ai prévu mon ami.
Confusing 'prévu' (planned) with 'prévenu' (warned/informed).
-
C'est prévu sur samedi.
Using the wrong preposition for time.
-
Le planifié budget.
Using 'planifié' where 'prévu' is more natural, and placing the adjective before the noun.
Tipps
Agreement is Key
Always look at the noun. If you are talking about 'la réunion' (feminine), you must write 'prévue'. If you are talking about 'les cours' (masculine plural), write 'prévus'. This small detail makes a big difference in your fluency.
Casual Planning
Use 'Rien de prévu' when someone asks about your weekend. It's much more natural than saying 'Je n'ai pas de plans'. It sounds relaxed and native.
Opposites Attract
Learn 'prévu' and 'imprévu' together. An 'imprévu' is a noun meaning an unexpected event. 'Désolé, j'ai eu un imprévu' is a perfect way to apologize for being late.
The 'U' Sound
Don't let the 'u' sound like 'oo'. If you say 'pré-voo', it might be misunderstood. Keep your lips tight and the sound high.
Travel Tip
When traveling in France, watch the 'Départs' and 'Arrivées' screens. You will see 'Heure prévue' (Scheduled time) vs 'Heure réelle' (Actual time). It's a great real-world way to see the word in action.
Business French
In meetings, use 'Comme prévu' to confirm that you are following the agenda. It shows you are organized and reliable.
Impersonal Phrases
Try using 'Il est prévu de...' in your essays or emails. It sounds more objective and sophisticated than 'Je vais...' or 'Nous allons...'.
Expectation vs Plan
Remember that 'prévu' is for plans. If you are just expecting something to happen because it's logical, use 'attendu'. 'La pluie est prévue' (The rain is forecast/planned by nature).
Asking Questions
Ask 'Qu'est-ce qui est prévu ?' to find out the plan for a group outing. It's polite and shows you're interested in the collective activity.
Visual Association
Imagine a calendar with a big red circle. That circle is 'prévu'. Anything outside the circle is 'imprévu'.
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
From the Latin 'praevidere', meaning 'to see before'.
Kultureller Kontext
SNCF announcements are the most common source of this word for travelers.
Laws and rules are often described as 'prévu par l'article...'
Always confirm if something is 'prévu' before assuming.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"Qu'est-ce qui est prévu pour ce week-end ?"
"Est-ce que c'était prévu ?"
"Tu as quelque chose de prévu ce soir ?"
"Le train est-il arrivé comme prévu ?"
"Quels sont les changements prévus au bureau ?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Décrivez une journée où rien ne s'est passé comme prévu.
Qu'est-ce qui est prévu pour vos prochaines vacances ?
Est-il important pour vous que tout soit prévu à l'avance ?
Parlez d'un événement prévu que vous attendez avec impatience.
Comment gérez-vous les imprévus ?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenYes, when it acts as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'une fête prévue'). However, in the fixed phrase 'comme prévu', it remains masculine singular regardless of the context. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
'Prévu' is the most common, everyday word for 'planned'. 'Planifié' is more formal and often refers to large-scale or technical planning, like urban development or corporate strategy. In casual conversation, 'prévu' is almost always the better choice.
Usually, 'prévu' describes events or things. If you want to say a person is expected, 'attendu' is better (e.g., 'Il est attendu à midi'). However, you can say 'Vous étiez prévu pour ce créneau' in a professional context like a doctor's appointment.
The direct opposite of 'prévu' is 'imprévu'. It can be an adjective ('un événement imprévu') or a noun ('gérer les imprévus'). It's a very useful word for describing things that didn't go according to plan.
'Prévu pour' is usually followed by a duration or a general time (e.g., 'pour demain', 'pour deux heures'). 'Prévu à' is used for a specific point in time (e.g., 'à 15h', 'à midi'). Both are common but used slightly differently.
Yes, but only in a legal or formal sense, meaning 'stipulated' or 'foreseen' by a rule or contract. It does not mean 'provided' in the sense of 'giving' or 'supplying' a physical object.
It literally means 'nothing of planned' and is the standard way to say 'I have no plans' or 'Nothing is scheduled'. It's a very common response to 'Qu'est-ce que tu fais ce soir ?'
It is the past participle of the verb 'prévoir' (to foresee). While it can be used in compound tenses (e.g., 'J'ai prévu'), it is most frequently used on its own as an adjective.
The French 'u' is unique. Shape your lips as if you are going to whistle or say 'o', but then try to say the English 'ee' sound. It should be a sharp, high-pitched sound from the front of the mouth.
Yes, this is a slightly more formal way of saying 'as was planned'. It's perfectly correct and often used in writing or formal speech to add a bit of weight to the statement.
Teste dich selbst 180 Fragen
Write a sentence using 'prévu' to describe your plans for tomorrow.
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Translate: 'The meeting is planned for 10 AM.'
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Use 'comme prévu' in a sentence about the weather.
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Write a short dialogue asking a friend if they have plans.
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Translate: 'It was more difficult than planned.'
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Describe a project using 'le budget prévu'.
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Use 'il est prévu de' in a formal sentence.
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Translate: 'The planned changes are necessary.'
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Write a sentence about a train being late using 'prévu'.
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Translate: 'Everything is going as planned.'
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Explain why you were late using 'un imprévu'.
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Translate: 'The date planned for the party is Saturday.'
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Use 'prévu' in a sentence about a contract.
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Translate: 'Nothing was planned for today.'
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Write a sentence about a forecast using 'prévu'.
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Translate: 'The planned trip was great.'
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Use 'plus tôt que prévu' in a sentence.
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Translate: 'What is planned for dinner?'
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Write a sentence about a law using 'prévu'.
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Translate: 'As planned, we are meeting at noon.'
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Pronounce: 'C'est prévu.'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'Everything is going as planned.'
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Du hast gesagt:
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Ask: 'What is planned for this weekend?'
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Say: 'I have nothing planned.'
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Say: 'The party is planned for Saturday.'
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Say: 'It's later than planned.'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'As planned, I am here.'
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Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'It was planned.'
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Say: 'Is it planned in the budget?'
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Say: 'The trip is planned for August.'
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Say: 'Nothing was planned.'
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Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'It's sooner than planned.'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'The meeting is planned at noon.'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'What's planned for dinner?'
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Say: 'The planned changes are small.'
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Say: 'It's provided by the law.'
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Say: 'Everything went as planned.'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'The planned date is the 10th.'
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Say: 'I had an unexpected event.'
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Du hast gesagt:
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Say: 'Is there anything planned?'
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
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Listen to: 'Le train est prévu à 10h.' What time is the train?
Listen to: 'Comme prévu, il pleut.' What is the weather?
Listen to: 'Rien de prévu pour moi.' Does the speaker have plans?
Listen to: 'La fête est prévue samedi.' When is the party?
Listen to: 'C'est plus cher que prévu.' Is it cheap?
Listen to: 'Le budget prévu est de 100 euros.' What is the budget?
Listen to: 'L'arrivée est prévue à quai 3.' Which platform?
Listen to: 'Tout se passe comme prévu.' Is there a problem?
Listen to: 'Il est prévu de partir à l'aube.' When are they leaving?
Listen to: 'Les travaux sont prévus pour demain.' When are the works?
Listen to: 'Qu'est-ce qui est prévu ?' What is the person asking?
Listen to: 'C'était prévu au contrat.' Where was it mentioned?
Listen to: 'La réunion est prévue à midi.' When is the meeting?
Listen to: 'Rien n'était prévu.' Was something planned?
Listen to: 'Plus tôt que prévu.' What does it mean?
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'prévu' is your primary tool for discussing schedules and expectations in French. Whether you're checking a train time or making weekend plans, it conveys that an event is intentional. Example: 'La réunion est prévue à midi' (The meeting is planned for noon).
- Prévu means 'planned' or 'scheduled' and is essential for daily organization.
- It must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies (e.g., une fête prévue).
- Commonly used in phrases like 'comme prévu' (as planned) and 'rien de prévu' (nothing planned).
- It is the past participle of the verb 'prévoir' (to foresee).
Agreement is Key
Always look at the noun. If you are talking about 'la réunion' (feminine), you must write 'prévue'. If you are talking about 'les cours' (masculine plural), write 'prévus'. This small detail makes a big difference in your fluency.
Casual Planning
Use 'Rien de prévu' when someone asks about your weekend. It's much more natural than saying 'Je n'ai pas de plans'. It sounds relaxed and native.
Opposites Attract
Learn 'prévu' and 'imprévu' together. An 'imprévu' is a noun meaning an unexpected event. 'Désolé, j'ai eu un imprévu' is a perfect way to apologize for being late.
The 'U' Sound
Don't let the 'u' sound like 'oo'. If you say 'pré-voo', it might be misunderstood. Keep your lips tight and the sound high.
Beispiel
L'événement est prévu pour le mois de mai.
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à défaut de
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à jour
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à la fois...et
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à la suite de
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à l'exception de
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à l'export
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à l'ordre de
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à mon avis
A2Meiner Meinung nach; nach meiner Ansicht. Wird verwendet, um eine persönliche Perspektive oder Beurteilung auszudrücken.