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B1 adjective 12 Min. Lesezeit

सगोत्र

sagotra
Beispiele
Erklärung सगोत्र in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the deep historical or legal meanings of 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra). Think of it as a very special word for 'family member' or 'relative' that people use in India. In India, families are very large. Sometimes, people you have never met are still considered part of your big family because you share the same 'Gotra' (clan name). You might hear this word when people talk about their family tree or where their ancestors came from. For now, just remember that 'सगोत्र' means two people belong to the same big ancestral group. It's like having the same very old last name that goes back thousands of years. You won't use this word to buy food or ask for directions, but you might see it in a movie about a big Indian wedding. It's a 'culture word' more than a 'daily word'. If you meet someone and they say 'We are Sagotra', they are telling you that you are like a brother or sister to them because of your family history. It is a friendly way to show a deep connection through your roots.
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At the A2 level, you can start to understand 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra) as a specific adjective used to describe a relationship. The word is made of two parts: 'Sa' (same) and 'Gotra' (clan). So, it literally means 'of the same clan'. In India, your 'Gotra' is usually the name of a famous wise person from a long time ago. If you and another person have the same Gotra, you are 'Sagotra'. This is important in Indian culture because 'Sagotra' people are often treated like close family, even if they aren't living in the same house. You will mostly hear this word when people are talking about marriage or family history. For example, a grandmother might say, 'You cannot marry him because you both are Sagotra.' This means they believe you are too closely related through your ancestors. You can use this word in simple sentences like 'वे सगोत्र हैं' (They are of the same clan). It's a step up from just saying 'relatives' (rishtedar) because it explains *why* they are related—through their father's ancient lineage.
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At the B1 level, you should understand 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra) as a technical term used in social and matrimonial contexts. As an intermediate learner, you'll notice that this word appears frequently in discussions about traditional Indian values and marriage rules. The concept of 'Sagotra Vivah' (same-clan marriage) is a major topic in Hindi society. Many traditional families avoid these marriages because 'Sagotra' individuals are considered siblings by lineage. When using this word, remember it is an adjective that modifies nouns like 'bhai' (brother), 'behen' (sister), or 'vivah' (marriage). You might also see it in formal documents or on matrimonial websites. It’s important to distinguish 'Sagotra' from 'Sajatiya' (same caste). While 'Sajatiya' refers to the broader social group, 'Sagotra' refers to the specific ancestral line. Understanding this distinction is key to navigating social conversations in India. You can use it to describe complex relationships: 'हालांकि वे दूर के रिश्तेदार हैं, लेकिन वे सगोत्र हैं' (Although they are distant relatives, they are of the same clan).
At the B2 level, 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra) should be understood within its legal and sociological framework. You should be aware of the 'Hindu Marriage Act' and how the concept of 'Sagotra' has been debated in Indian courts. While the law now permits 'Sagotra' marriages, many social groups (like Khap Panchayats) still strongly oppose them. As a B2 learner, you can use this word to discuss social issues, traditions, and the tension between modern law and ancient customs. You should also be comfortable using it in more formal writing. For instance, you might analyze why 'Sagotra' identity remains so strong in rural India compared to urban areas. The word carries a sense of 'patrilineal heritage,' and you can use it to explain how identity is passed down through generations in the Hindu system. It's also useful for understanding historical texts or high-level news reports about community decisions. You should be able to explain the concept to others, noting that it traces back to the 'Sapta Rishis' (seven sages) and acts as a marker of genetic and spiritual lineage.
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At the C1 level, you should have a comprehensive grasp of the nuances surrounding 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra), including its etymological roots in Sanskrit and its implications in anthropology. You should be able to discuss the 'exogamy' and 'endogamy' rules associated with the Gotra system with precision. 'Sagotra' isn't just a word; it's a social institution. You should understand how 'Sagotra' identity intersects with 'Sapinda' relationships (bilateral kinship) and how these definitions affect inheritance and ritual purity. In high-level discourse, you can use 'Sagotra' to critique or defend traditional social structures, using sophisticated vocabulary. You might encounter this word in academic papers on Indian sociology or in complex legal judgments where the 'customary law' of a particular community is being evaluated against constitutional rights. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's gravity—it's a term that defines boundaries of belonging and exclusion. You should also be able to recognize its use in classical poetry or literature, where 'Sagotra' might be used metaphorically to describe a deep, soul-level connection or a shared destiny based on common origins.
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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native understanding of 'सगोत्र' (Sagotra), recognizing its deepest cultural, spiritual, and historical resonances. You can effortlessly navigate the most complex discussions involving this term, from the biological theories of Y-chromosome inheritance in 'Sagotra' lineages to the philosophical implications of tracing one's identity back to the Vedic Rishis. You understand that 'Sagotra' is a pillar of the 'Varna-Ashrama' system and can discuss its evolution from ancient pastoral 'cow-pens' to modern-day political and social identities. Your mastery allows you to use the word with perfect register, whether you are engaging in a scholarly debate about the 'Manusmriti' or interpreting the subtle social cues in a high-stakes family negotiation. You are aware of the regional variations in how 'Sagotra' rules are applied across India and can articulate the differences between 'Sagotra' in North Indian and South Indian contexts. At this level, the word is a tool for deep cultural analysis, allowing you to decode the intricate layers of Indian kinship and the persistent power of ancestral identity in a globalizing world.
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Beispiele

The Hindi word सगोत्र (Sagotra) is a specialized adjective that carries profound cultural, genealogical, and legal weight in the Indian subcontinent, particularly within Hindu society. At its most basic level, it translates to 'belonging to the same lineage' or 'of the same clan.' To understand this word, one must first understand the concept of a 'Gotra.' A Gotra is a patrilineal lineage that traces its descent from a common male ancestor, usually one of the legendary Vedic sages (Rishis). Therefore, if two individuals are described as Sagotra, it signifies that they share the same ancestral root, essentially making them spiritual or biological siblings in the eyes of traditional custom. This term is not used in casual daily conversation like 'friend' or 'neighbor'; rather, it emerges during significant life events, most notably during marriage negotiations, religious ceremonies, and legal discussions regarding inheritance or family law.

Genealogical Context
In the context of genealogy, being सगोत्र means you belong to a specific branch of a family tree that has remained distinct for thousands of years. It is a way of categorizing identity beyond just the immediate surname.
Matrimonial Context
The most frequent use of सगोत्र occurs in the phrase 'Sagotra Vivah' (same-clan marriage). In many Hindu communities, marrying someone who is Sagotra is traditionally prohibited because they are considered brother and sister by lineage.
Legal and Ritual Context
During rituals like 'Pinda Daan' (ancestral offerings), the priest will ask for your Gotra. If multiple people are performing a ritual and are सगोत्र, they may perform it together as a single unit representing one lineage.

प्राचीन परंपरा के अनुसार, सगोत्र विवाह को वर्जित माना जाता है क्योंकि उन्हें एक ही परिवार का हिस्सा माना जाता है। (According to ancient tradition, same-clan marriage is considered prohibited because they are considered part of the same family.)

Historically, the term stems from the Sanskrit words 'Sa' (same) and 'Gotra' (cowshed or clan). In ancient pastoral societies, people who kept their cows in the same shed were part of the same clan. Over time, this evolved into a sophisticated system of social organization. When you hear this word today, it often signals a discussion about roots, identity, and the preservation of ancestral lines. It is an essential term for anyone looking to navigate the complexities of Indian social structures or read classical Hindi literature. While modern urban life has diluted the strictness of Gotra rules, the word Sagotra remains a pillar of identity for millions, appearing in matrimonial advertisements, legal documents, and genealogical records. Understanding this word provides a window into how lineage and kinship are perceived in the Hindi-speaking world, where one's identity is often tied to a lineage spanning millennia.

वे दोनों सगोत्र भाई हैं, इसलिए उनकी पारिवारिक जड़ें एक ही हैं। (They both are same-clan brothers, therefore their family roots are the same.)

पंडित जी ने पूछा कि क्या वर और वधू सगोत्र तो नहीं हैं? (The priest asked if the groom and bride are not of the same clan?)

हिंदू विवाह अधिनियम में सगोत्र विवाह की वैधता पर लंबी बहस चली है। (There has been a long debate on the validity of same-clan marriage in the Hindu Marriage Act.)

ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में सगोत्र संबंधों को बहुत गंभीरता से लिया जाता है। (In rural areas, same-clan relations are taken very seriously.)

Using सगोत्र (Sagotra) correctly requires an understanding of its role as an adjective that defines a specific type of relationship. It is almost always used to describe two or more people in relation to each other. You wouldn't usually say 'I am Sagotra' without a point of reference; instead, you would say 'We are Sagotra' or 'He is Sagotra to me.' This section explores the various syntactic patterns and contexts where this word appears, ensuring you can use it with the precision of a native speaker.

Describing Relationships
When identifying individuals from the same clan: 'वे दोनों सगोत्र भाई हैं' (They both are same-clan brothers). Here, 'Sagotra' functions as an attributive adjective modifying 'bhai' (brother).
Expressing Prohibition or Rules
Often used in negative constructions regarding marriage: 'सगोत्र विवाह वर्जित है' (Same-clan marriage is forbidden). In this case, 'Sagotra' modifies 'vivah' (marriage).
In Inquiries and Verification
Used when checking lineage: 'क्या आप सगोत्र हैं?' (Are you of the same clan?). This is a common question during the initial stages of matchmaking.

यदि दो व्यक्ति सगोत्र हों, तो उन्हें एक-दूसरे का रक्त संबंधी माना जाता है। (If two people are of the same clan, they are considered each other's blood relatives.)

The word can also be used in more formal, academic, or legal settings. For example, a sociologist might write about 'सगोत्र समूहों की सामाजिक संरचना' (The social structure of same-clan groups). In such contexts, the word maintains its technical definition but is applied to broader populations. It's important to note that Sagotra is a Sanskritized word (Tatsam), which gives it a formal and respectful tone. In very casual conversation, people might simply say 'एक ही गोत्र के' (of the same Gotra), but using Sagotra demonstrates a higher level of Hindi proficiency and cultural literacy.

अदालत ने सगोत्र विवाह को कानूनी रूप से वैध ठहराया है, चाहे सामाजिक मान्यता कुछ भी हो। (The court has ruled same-clan marriage legally valid, regardless of social recognition.)

उनकी वंशावली देखने पर पता चला कि वे सगोत्र नहीं हैं। (On looking at their genealogy, it was found that they are not of the same clan.)

कई समुदायों में सगोत्र व्यक्तियों के बीच संपत्ति का बंटवारा विशेष नियमों से होता है। (In many communities, the division of property among same-clan individuals occurs by special rules.)

क्या आप किसी सगोत्र संस्था के सदस्य हैं? (Are you a member of any same-clan organization?)

When constructing sentences, remember that Sagotra implies a shared identity. It's often paired with words like 'bhai' (brother), 'behen' (sister), 'vivah' (marriage), or 'samuday' (community). By using this word, you are tapping into a deep-seated system of Indian social organization that prioritizes lineage and ancestry over individual identity. Whether you're filling out a form in a traditional setting or discussing social issues, knowing how to position Sagotra will make your Hindi sound more authentic and culturally grounded.

The word सगोत्र (Sagotra) is not a word you will hear at a vegetable market or a cinema hall. Its presence is concentrated in specific social, religious, and legal arenas. If you are living in India or engaging deeply with Hindi-speaking communities, you are most likely to encounter this term in the following environments. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's importance and the gravity it carries when spoken.

Wedding Planning and Matrimonials
This is the primary domain of the word. Matrimonial websites often have a filter for 'Gotra'. If a family says, 'हमें सगोत्र रिश्ता नहीं चाहिए' (We don't want a same-clan proposal), they are stating a traditional preference for exogamy.
Religious Ceremonies (Puja/Havan)
In Hindu rituals, the 'Sankalp' (vow) requires stating one's Gotra. The priest might ask if the participants are Sagotra to determine how the ritual should be performed and how the offerings should be distributed.
Legal Debates and News
You will hear this word in news reports discussing Khap Panchayats (community councils) in North India, which often enforce strict bans on Sagotra marriages. It also appears in legal discussions regarding the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955.

समाचारों में अक्सर सगोत्र विवाह के विरोध में होने वाली पंचायतों की चर्चा होती है। (In the news, there is often discussion of panchayats held in opposition to same-clan marriage.)

Furthermore, you might encounter Sagotra in classical Hindi literature or period dramas (like the Mahabharata or Ramayana), where lineage and ancestry are central themes. Characters might identify themselves by their Gotra to establish their social standing or to identify a long-lost relative. In academic circles, particularly in anthropology or history, the term is used to describe the 'Gotra system' as a unique form of social stratification. Even in modern family gatherings, an elder might use the term while explaining the family tree to the younger generation, saying something like, 'वह हमारे सगोत्र हैं, इसलिए हमारे दादाजी के भाई के पोते हैं' (He is our same-clan, therefore he is our grandfather's brother's grandson).

विवाह के विज्ञापनों में अक्सर लिखा होता है - "सगोत्र वर्जित"। (In marriage advertisements, it is often written - "Same-clan prohibited".)

पंडित जी ने वर-वधू की सगोत्र स्थिति की जांच की। (The priest checked the same-clan status of the groom and bride.)

इतिहास की पुस्तकों में सगोत्र परंपरा के उद्भव का वर्णन मिलता है। (A description of the origin of the same-clan tradition is found in history books.)

समाजशास्त्री सगोत्र विवाह के वैज्ञानिक और सामाजिक पहलुओं का अध्ययन करते हैं। (Sociologists study the scientific and social aspects of same-clan marriage.)

In summary, Sagotra is a high-frequency word in the specialized domains of family, law, and religion. It is a word that demands respect and carries the weight of centuries of tradition. By listening for it in these specific contexts, you will gain a deeper understanding of the social fabric of India and the enduring importance of lineage in the Hindi-speaking world.

Because सगोत्र (Sagotra) is a culturally specific and somewhat technical term, learners of Hindi often make several common errors. These mistakes usually stem from a misunderstanding of what a 'Gotra' is or from confusing 'Sagotra' with other words that describe relationships or social groups. Recognizing these pitfalls will help you use the word accurately and avoid social awkwardness.

Confusing Gotra with Caste (Jati)
This is the most frequent mistake. People often think Sagotra means 'same caste'. It does not. You can be of the same caste but have different Gotras. Marrying within the same caste is usually encouraged, while marrying within the same Gotra is traditionally forbidden. Using 'Sajatiya' (same caste) when you mean 'Sagotra' (same clan) can lead to significant confusion.
Using it for Non-Lineage Relationships
Learners sometimes use Sagotra to mean 'relative' in general. However, Sagotra specifically refers to the paternal lineage. Your maternal cousins are your relatives, but they are usually not Sagotra to you because their Gotra comes from their father.
Misapplying the Term to Non-Hindus
While some other communities in India have similar clan systems, the term Sagotra is deeply rooted in Hindu Vedic traditions. Using it to describe family ties in Western or other non-Indic cultures might sound out of place unless you are specifically drawing a parallel.

गलत: वे एक ही जाति के हैं, इसलिए वे सगोत्र हैं। (Wrong: They are of the same caste, therefore they are same-clan.) - *Note: This is not necessarily true.*

Another mistake is grammatical. Since Sagotra is an adjective, it needs a noun to modify or a subject to refer to. Saying 'मैं सगोत्र हूँ' (I am same-clan) is incomplete. You should say 'हम सगोत्र हैं' (We are same-clan) or 'वह मेरा सगोत्र भाई है' (He is my same-clan brother). Additionally, avoid confusing it with 'Saparivar' (with family). While both start with the prefix 'Sa-', 'Saparivar' means you are bringing your family with you to an event, whereas Sagotra defines your ancestral identity.

सही उपयोग: सगोत्र होने के नाते, उनका एक ही पूर्वज है। (Correct use: By being of the same clan, they have the same ancestor.)

गलत: मेरी माँ और मैं सगोत्र हैं। (Incorrect: My mother and I are of the same clan.) - *Note: In traditional patrilineal systems, a mother and her biological child may have different Gotras if the mother's birth Gotra is considered.*

सावधानी: सगोत्र और सजातीय में अंतर समझना आवश्यक है। (Caution: It is necessary to understand the difference between same-clan and same-caste.)

स्पष्टीकरण: सगोत्र शब्द का प्रयोग केवल रक्त या वंशावली संबंधों के लिए करें। (Explanation: Use the word same-clan only for blood or genealogical relations.)

By being mindful of these distinctions, you can use Sagotra in a way that is culturally sensitive and linguistically accurate. It is a powerful word that, when used correctly, shows a deep appreciation for the nuances of Indian identity and social structure.

While सगोत्र (Sagotra) is a very specific term, there are several other Hindi words that deal with family, lineage, and similarity. Understanding the differences between these words will help you choose the right one for the right situation. Some are broader, while others focus on different aspects of identity.

सजातीय (Sajatiya) vs सगोत्र (Sagotra)
As mentioned before, Sajatiya means 'of the same caste' (Jati). While Sagotra is a subset of lineage within a caste, Sajatiya covers the entire social group. You can be Sajatiya but not Sagotra.
वंशज (Vanshaj) vs सगोत्र (Sagotra)
Vanshaj means 'descendant'. While all Sagotra individuals are descendants of a common ancestor, Vanshaj is usually used to describe a direct line from a specific famous person (e.g., 'He is a descendant of the King'). Sagotra is more about the horizontal relationship between people alive today who share that lineage.
कुलीन (Kulin) vs सगोत्र (Sagotra)
Kulin means 'of high birth' or 'aristocratic'. It refers to the status of the lineage, whereas Sagotra simply refers to the identity of the lineage regardless of its status.

तुलना: सगोत्र (Clan) और सजातीय (Caste) के बीच का अंतर समझना समाजशास्त्र में महत्वपूर्ण है। (Comparison: Understanding the difference between same-clan and same-caste is important in sociology.)

Other alternatives include Ekgotriya (of one Gotra), which is a direct synonym. For a more general 'relative', you can use Rishtedar or Sambandhi. If you want to talk about people from the same family in a very close sense, Parivarik (familial) is the way to go. In legal contexts, you might see Sapinda, which is a broader term including relatives from both the father's and mother's side up to a certain number of generations. Choosing between Sagotra and Sapinda is crucial in legal discussions about marriage validity under the Hindu Marriage Act.

पर्यायवाची: सगोत्र के लिए 'एकगोत्रीय' शब्द का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। (Synonym: The word 'Ekgotriya' can also be used for same-clan.)

संदर्भ: सगोत्र शब्द का प्रयोग अक्सर विवाह के संदर्भ में 'सपिंड' के साथ किया जाता है। (Context: The word same-clan is often used alongside 'Sapinda' in the context of marriage.)

विभेद: सगोत्र पितृसत्तात्मक होता है, जबकि रिश्तेदारी उभयपक्षीय हो सकती है। (Distinction: Same-clan is patrilineal, while kinship can be bilateral.)

उदाहरण: वे सगोत्र तो हैं, पर उनके बीच कोई सीधा पारिवारिक संबंध नहीं है। (Example: They are of the same clan, but there is no direct family relationship between them.)

In summary, while Sagotra is the most precise term for 'same-clan', its alternatives like Sajatiya, Vanshaj, and Sapinda each offer a different lens through which to view identity and relationship. Mastering these nuances will allow you to navigate the complex social landscape of India with confidence and clarity.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

वे सगोत्र हैं।

They are of the same clan.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

2

मेरा सगोत्र भाई कहाँ है?

Where is my same-clan brother?

'Sagotra' modifies 'bhai' (brother).

3

क्या आप सगोत्र हैं?

Are you of the same clan?

Interrogative sentence using 'kya'.

4

हम सगोत्र नहीं हैं।

We are not of the same clan.

Negative sentence with 'nahi'.

5

यह सगोत्र परिवार है।

This is a same-clan family.

'Sagotra' modifies 'parivar' (family).

6

सगोत्र लोग एक ही पूर्वज के होते हैं।

Same-clan people have the same ancestor.

General statement about a group.

7

वह मेरा सगोत्र है।

He is of my same clan.

Using 'Sagotra' as a predicate adjective.

8

सगोत्र नाम क्या है?

What is the same-clan name?

Asking for a specific identification.

1

सगोत्र विवाह पुरानी परंपरा में मना है।

Same-clan marriage is forbidden in old tradition.

Subject (Sagotra vivah) + adjective (mana) + verb.

2

पंडित जी ने हमारा सगोत्र पूछा।

The priest asked our same-clan (status).

Past tense with 'ne' construction.

3

वे दोनों सगोत्र होने के कारण भाई-बहन जैसे हैं।

Because they are same-clan, they are like brother and sister.

Using 'hone ke karan' (because of being).

4

गांव में सगोत्र रिश्तों का बहुत महत्व है।

Same-clan relationships have great importance in the village.

Locative case 'gaon mein'.

5

क्या वे सगोत्र भाई हैं या सगे भाई?

Are they same-clan brothers or real brothers?

Comparative question using 'ya' (or).

6

सगोत्र पहचान के लिए गोत्र का नाम चाहिए।

The Gotra name is needed for same-clan identification.

Using 'ke liye' (for).

7

मेरे पिताजी और उनके दोस्त सगोत्र हैं।

My father and his friend are of the same clan.

Plural subject with 'aur'.

8

सगोत्र संबंध बहुत पुराने होते हैं।

Same-clan relations are very old.

Descriptive sentence.

1

आजकल कई लोग सगोत्र विवाह को स्वीकार करने लगे हैं।

Nowadays many people have started accepting same-clan marriage.

Present continuous sense with 'lagne lage hain'.

2

सगोत्र होने का अर्थ है कि आपका मूल एक ही ऋषि से है।

Being same-clan means your origin is from the same sage.

Complex sentence defining a concept.

3

यदि वर और वधू सगोत्र हों, तो परिवार अक्सर विरोध करते हैं।

If the groom and bride are same-clan, families often oppose.

Conditional sentence with 'yadi... toh'.

4

सगोत्र समूहों के बीच सामाजिक एकता बनी रहती है।

Social unity remains among same-clan groups.

Abstract noun 'ekta' (unity).

5

क्या सगोत्र विवाह वास्तव में वैज्ञानिक रूप से हानिकारक है?

Is same-clan marriage actually scientifically harmful?

Interrogative with 'vastav mein' (actually).

6

सगोत्र पहचान अक्सर उपनाम से भिन्न होती है।

Same-clan identity is often different from the surname.

Using 'se bhinn' (different from).

7

उन्होंने सगोत्र परंपराओं के बारे में एक लेख लिखा।

He wrote an article about same-clan traditions.

Past tense with 'ne' and 'ke bare mein'.

8

सगोत्र भाई-चारे की भावना ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में प्रबल है।

The feeling of same-clan brotherhood is strong in rural areas.

Compound noun 'bhai-chara' (brotherhood).

1

हिंदू विवाह अधिनियम के तहत सगोत्र विवाह अब कानूनी रूप से मान्य है।

Under the Hindu Marriage Act, same-clan marriage is now legally valid.

Formal legal phrasing 'ke tehat' (under).

2

खाप पंचायतें अक्सर सगोत्र विवाह करने वाले जोड़ों को दंडित करती हैं।

Khap Panchayats often punish couples who marry within the same clan.

Transitive verb 'dandit karna' (to punish).

3

सगोत्र संबंधों का विश्लेषण करने के लिए वंशावली विशेषज्ञों की मदद ली जाती है।

Help from genealogy experts is taken to analyze same-clan relations.

Passive construction 'madad li jati hai'.

4

समाजशास्त्रियों का मानना है कि सगोत्र वर्जनाएं आनुवंशिक विविधता बनाए रखने के लिए थीं।

Sociologists believe that same-clan taboos were for maintaining genetic diversity.

Complex reporting verb 'manna hai ki'.

5

सगोत्र पहचान आधुनिक शहरी जीवन में धीरे-धीरे अपनी पकड़ खो रही है।

Same-clan identity is gradually losing its grip in modern urban life.

Metaphorical use of 'pakad khona' (losing grip).

6

क्या सगोत्र विवाह के खिलाफ सामाजिक दबाव व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है?

Is social pressure against same-clan marriage a violation of individual freedom?

Abstract debate terminology 'ullanghan' (violation).

7

सगोत्र विवाह पर आधारित यह फिल्म समाज की रूढ़िवादिता को दर्शाती है।

This film based on same-clan marriage depicts the conservatism of society.

Participial phrase 'par adharit' (based on).

8

प्राचीन ग्रंथों में सगोत्र संबंधों के जटिल नियमों का उल्लेख है।

There is mention of complex rules of same-clan relations in ancient texts.

Formal word 'ullekh' (mention).

1

सगोत्र विवाह की वर्जना पितृसत्तात्मक वंशानुक्रम की रक्षा के लिए एक सामाजिक तंत्र थी।

The taboo of same-clan marriage was a social mechanism to protect patrilineal inheritance.

Academic terminology 'vanshanukram' (inheritance/lineage).

2

न्यायालय ने स्पष्ट किया कि सगोत्र विवाह मौलिक अधिकारों के दायरे में आता है।

The court clarified that same-clan marriage falls within the scope of fundamental rights.

High-level legal Hindi 'dayre mein ana'.

3

सगोत्र समूहों की अंतर्निहित एकजुटता अक्सर राजनीतिक लामबंदी का आधार बनती है।

The inherent solidarity of same-clan groups often forms the basis for political mobilization.

Abstract sociopolitical terms 'lam-bandi' (mobilization).

4

यद्यपि विज्ञान सगोत्र विवाह के खतरों को सीमित मानता है, फिर भी सामाजिक भ्रांतियां कायम हैं।

Although science considers the dangers of same-clan marriage limited, social misconceptions persist.

Conjunction pair 'Yadyapi... phir bhi'.

5

सगोत्र पहचान का विखंडन वैश्वीकरण और नगरीकरण का एक अपरिहार्य परिणाम है।

The fragmentation of same-clan identity is an inevitable consequence of globalization and urbanization.

Advanced vocabulary 'aparivarya' (inevitable).

6

लेखक ने सगोत्र परंपरा को व्यक्तिगत आकांक्षाओं के मार्ग में एक बाधा के रूप में चित्रित किया है।

The author has portrayed the same-clan tradition as an obstacle in the path of individual aspirations.

Literary analysis phrasing 'ke roop mein chitrit karna'.

7

सगोत्र विवाह निषेध के पीछे के मानवशास्त्रीय कारणों की गहन जांच आवश्यक है।

A deep investigation into the anthropological reasons behind the prohibition of same-clan marriage is necessary.

Complex noun phrase 'manav-shastriya karan' (anthropological reasons).

8

सगोत्र संबंधों की यह सूक्ष्म समझ ही हमें भारतीय समाज की जटिलताओं को समझने में मदद करती है।

It is this nuanced understanding of same-clan relations that helps us understand the complexities of Indian society.

Emphatic construction with 'hi'.

1

सगोत्र विवाह की अवधारणा वैदिक काल के सामाजिक संविदा और गोत्र-प्रवर प्रणाली में गहराई से निहित है।

The concept of same-clan marriage is deeply rooted in the social contract and Gotra-Pravara system of the Vedic period.

Highly formal Sanskritized Hindi 'gehrai se nihit'.

2

आधुनिक आनुवंशिकी और सगोत्र वर्जनाओं के बीच का द्वंद्वात्मक संबंध एक अत्यंत रोचक शोध का विषय है।

The dialectical relationship between modern genetics and same-clan taboos is a subject of extremely interesting research.

Philosophical terminology 'dwandvatmak' (dialectical).

3

सगोत्र समूहों के भीतर अंतःप्रजनन के संभावित परिणामों पर विभिन्न समुदायों के अलग-अलग दृष्टिकोण हैं।

Different communities have varying perspectives on the potential consequences of inbreeding within same-clan groups.

Technical term 'antah-prajanan' (inbreeding).

4

सगोत्र पहचान का राजनीतिकरण अक्सर लोकतांत्रिक संस्थाओं की निष्पक्षता को चुनौती देता है।

The politicization of same-clan identity often challenges the impartiality of democratic institutions.

Abstract political critique 'rajnitikaran' (politicization).

5

क्या सगोत्र विवाह पर प्रतिबंध को 'सांस्कृतिक सापेक्षवाद' के चश्मे से देखा जाना चाहिए या 'सार्वभौमिक मानवाधिकारों' के?

Should the ban on same-clan marriage be viewed through the lens of 'cultural relativism' or 'universal human rights'?

Rhetorical question with philosophical framing.

6

सगोत्र परंपरा का क्रमिक क्षरण भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना के व्यापक पुनर्गठन का संकेत देता है।

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