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긍정적이다

A2 adjective #1,200 am häufigsten 6 Min. Lesezeit

긍정적이다

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Erklärung 긍정적이다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are learning basic adjectives to describe people and things. You already know words like 좋다 (good) and 나쁘다 (bad). 긍정적이다 is a slightly more advanced way to say someone has a 'good' or 'happy' mind. If your friend always smiles and says 'We can do it!', you can describe them using this word. It means 'positive'. In Korean, you will mostly hear it as 긍정적이에요 (polite present tense). For example, '제 친구는 긍정적이에요' means 'My friend is positive.' It is a very useful word when you want to compliment someone's personality. You can also use it to talk about a good situation. If you get a good score on a test, the result is 긍정적이에요. Remember that it is an adjective, so it describes nouns. You cannot use it as an action verb. Practice using it with the subject particle 이/가 or topic particle 은/는. '이 사람은 긍정적입니다' (This person is positive). It is a great word to add to your vocabulary to sound more natural and expressive when talking about feelings and attitudes.

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At the A2 level, you are expanding your ability to describe situations, personalities, and outcomes in more detail. 긍정적이다 is the perfect word to express optimism and a constructive attitude. You will learn how to change this word to modify nouns and verbs. To describe a noun, change it to 긍정적인. For example, 긍정적인 사람 (a positive person) or 긍정적인 생각 (positive thinking). To describe an action, change it to 긍정적으로. For example, 긍정적으로 생각하세요 (Please think positively). This adverb form is incredibly common in daily Korean conversation, especially when encouraging someone who is stressed or worried. You will also start contrasting it with its direct opposite, 부정적이다 (negative). Being able to say 'Don't be negative, be positive' (부정적으로 생각하지 말고 긍정적으로 생각해) is a key A2 milestone. You will encounter this word frequently in Korean dramas, everyday advice among friends, and basic reading passages about psychology or healthy lifestyles. Mastering the noun modifier (적인) and adverbial (적으로) forms of this word will significantly improve your sentence variety.

At the B1 level, you are entering intermediate Korean, where you will use 긍정적이다 in more formal and abstract contexts, such as the workplace, news, and social issues. You will frequently hear the phrase 긍정적으로 검토하다 (to review positively/favorably) in business emails or formal requests. This is a standard polite response in Korean corporate culture. You will also discuss the 'effects' or 'influences' of certain actions using collocations like 긍정적인 영향 (positive influence) and 긍정적인 효과 (positive effect). For instance, '운동은 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다' (Exercise has a positive influence on health). At this stage, you should be comfortable using complex sentence structures, such as '비록 상황이 어렵지만, 우리는 긍정적인 태도를 유지해야 합니다' (Even though the situation is difficult, we must maintain a positive attitude). You will also read articles discussing whether a new government policy is viewed positively or negatively by the public. Understanding the nuances of this word in professional and societal contexts is crucial for B1 fluency.

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At the B2 level, your usage of 긍정적이다 becomes highly nuanced, integrating into complex debates, academic writing, and professional presentations. You will use it to articulate constructive feedback, analyze societal trends, and evaluate abstract concepts. You will encounter phrases like 긍정적 자아상 (positive self-image) in psychology texts or 긍정적 외부효과 (positive externality) in economics. In discussions, you will use it to pivot arguments: '그 점은 인정하지만, 더 긍정적인 측면을 고려해 보아야 합니다' (I acknowledge that point, but we must consider the more positive aspects). You will also differentiate it from similar concepts like 낙천주의 (optimism) and 적극성 (proactivity). A B2 learner understands that while someone might not be naturally 낙천적 (optimistic), they can still take a 긍정적 (constructive/positive) approach to a problem. You will comfortably use advanced grammar patterns with this word, such as '긍정적으로 평가받을 만하다' (deserves to be evaluated positively) or '긍정적인 결과를 도출해 내다' (to draw out a positive result).

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At the C1 level, 긍정적이다 is utilized with native-like precision in highly specialized, academic, and socio-cultural discourses. You will engage with literature, philosophical essays, and high-level journalistic critiques where the concept of 'positivity' is deconstructed. For example, you might discuss '긍정의 배신' (the betrayal of positivity/toxic positivity) in modern capitalist societies, analyzing how forced positive thinking can be detrimental. You will use the word effortlessly in complex syntactic structures, such as '해당 정책이 시장 경제에 미칠 긍정적 파급 효과를 간과해서는 안 될 것이다' (One must not overlook the positive ripple effects that the policy will have on the market economy). You will understand the subtle rhetorical uses of the word, such as a politician using '긍정적으로 검토 중입니다' as a non-committal diplomatic delay tactic rather than a genuine promise. Your vocabulary will include high-level synonyms and antonyms, allowing you to avoid repetition in long essays or formal speeches while maintaining absolute clarity and appropriate register.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 긍정적이다 is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You comprehend its etymological roots (Hanja: 肯定) and how it historically evolved in Korean philosophical and linguistic contexts. You can effortlessly navigate literary texts where the word might be used ironically or metaphorically. In academic writing, you employ it to synthesize complex arguments, using phrases like '상호 주관적 긍정성' (intersubjective positivity) or evaluating the '긍정적 상관관계' (positive correlation) in statistical research. You can debate the epistemological implications of a 'positive' assertion versus a normative one. Your speech and writing demonstrate a profound understanding of how Korean society constructs the ideal of the '긍정적인 인간상' (the ideal positive human figure) and how this reflects broader cultural values regarding harmony, resilience, and collective progress. You use the word not just to describe, but to persuade, critique, and philosophize at the highest levels of fluency.

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긍정적이다 in 30 Sekunden

Means 'to be positive' or 'optimistic'.
Used to describe attitudes, results, or outlooks.
Opposite of 부정적이다 (to be negative).
Often used as an adverb: 긍정적으로 (positively).

Core Meaning: The Korean word 긍정적이다 (geung-jeong-jeok-i-da) translates to being positive, optimistic, or constructive. It is an adjective used to describe a person's attitude, the nature of a situation, an outlook on the future, or the results of an evaluation.

그는 항상 모든 일에 긍정적이다.

He is always positive about everything.

Etymology and Hanja: The word is derived from Sino-Korean roots. '긍' (Geung) means to affirm or agree, '정' (Jeong) means to decide or fix, and '적' (Jeok) is a suffix that turns a noun into a descriptive word (similar to '-ic' or '-ive' in English). Therefore, the literal translation points toward an affirming or accepting nature.

결과가 아주 긍정적이다.

The results are very positive.

Cultural Context: In modern Korean society, having a '긍정적인 마인드' (positive mind) is highly valued in both educational and corporate environments. Employers often look for candidates who exhibit a positive attitude, as it is associated with resilience, teamwork, and problem-solving capabilities. It is common to hear motivational speakers or managers encourage people to think positively during difficult economic times or stressful project deadlines.

우리는 미래에 대해 긍정적이다.

We are optimistic about the future.

그녀의 대답은 긍정적이다.

Her answer is affirmative.

이 프로젝트의 효과는 긍정적이다.

The effect of this project is constructive.

Conjugation Basics: Because 긍정적이다 ends with the copula 이다 (to be), it conjugates like a noun + 이다. In the polite/formal present tense, it becomes 긍정적입니다. In the polite/informal present tense, it becomes 긍정적이에요. In the casual present tense, it is 긍정적이야. When modifying a noun, it takes the form 긍정적인 (positive [noun]). When modifying a verb, it takes the form 긍정적으로 (positively).

선생님은 학생들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다.

The teacher has a positive influence on the students.

Using as an Adverb: To say you are doing something 'positively' or 'optimistically', you change the ending to -으로, making it 긍정적으로. This is frequently used in business contexts when someone promises to review a proposal favorably: '긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다' (I will review it positively/favorably).

그 제안을 긍정적으로 생각해보겠습니다.

I will think about the proposal positively.

Past and Future Tense: For past tense, use 긍정적이었다 (plain), 긍정적이었어요 (polite), or 긍정적이었습니다 (formal). For future or presumptive tense, use 긍정적일 것이다 (plain), 긍정적일 거예요 (polite), or 긍정적일 것입니다 (formal).

어제 회의 결과는 매우 긍정적이었어요.

The result of yesterday's meeting was very positive.

내일 날씨가 긍정적일 것입니다.

The weather tomorrow will likely be favorable.

상황이 긍정적으로 변하고 있습니다.

The situation is changing positively.

Workplace and Business: The corporate environment in South Korea heavily relies on this word. Whether evaluating a new business proposal, discussing market trends, or conducting performance reviews, '긍정적이다' is a staple. Managers will ask employees to maintain a '긍정적인 태도' (positive attitude) during high-stress periods. When a company announces its quarterly earnings, news anchors will describe the market's reaction as '긍정적이다' if stock prices rise.

시장의 반응이 꽤 긍정적입니다.

The market's reaction is quite positive.

Everyday Conversations and Advice: Friends and family frequently use this word when giving advice. If someone is going through a breakup, failing an exam, or facing a personal crisis, a common piece of advice is '긍정적으로 생각해' (Think positively). It serves as a comforting phrase to encourage resilience. It is also used to describe someone's personality. Describing a friend as '성격이 긍정적이다' (has a positive personality) is a high compliment.

힘들어도 긍정적으로 생각하자.

Even though it's hard, let's think positively.

News and Media: Journalists use this term to describe the outcomes of political summits, economic policies, or social changes. For example, if a new environmental policy reduces pollution, the news will report that the policy had a '긍정적인 효과' (positive effect). Conversely, if experts are optimistic about the economy recovering, they will say the outlook is '긍정적이다'.

전문가들은 경제 전망을 긍정적으로 평가했습니다.

Experts evaluated the economic outlook positively.

이 약은 긍정적인 반응을 보였습니다.

This medicine showed a positive response.

그 영화에 대한 평가는 매우 긍정적이다.

The reviews for that movie are very positive.

Medical Test Results: The most frequent mistake English speakers make is translating the English phrase 'I tested positive for COVID-19' directly into Korean using 긍정적이다. In Korean, 긍정적이다 is strictly used for attitudes, outlooks, and constructive situations. For medical tests, the word for 'positive' (meaning the presence of a disease or condition) is 양성 (yang-seong). Using 긍정적이다 in a medical context sounds absurd, as if you are saying your virus has a very optimistic and cheerful personality.

코로나 검사 결과가 양성으로 나왔습니다. (Correct) / 코로나 검사 결과가 긍정적으로 나왔습니다. (Incorrect)

My COVID test came back positive.

Confusing with 적극적이다 (Active/Proactive): Another common error is confusing 긍정적이다 (positive) with 적극적이다 (proactive, active, enthusiastic). While a positive person is often proactive, the words have distinct meanings. If you want to say someone participates actively in class, you should use 적극적이다. If you want to say they have a cheerful, optimistic outlook on the class, you use 긍정적이다. Saying '그는 수업에 긍정적으로 참여한다' is understandable but slightly awkward compared to '적극적으로 참여한다'.

그는 회의에 적극적으로 참여합니다. (Correct for 'actively') / 그는 회의에 긍정적으로 참여합니다. (Awkward)

He actively participates in the meeting.

Grammar: Adjective vs Verb: Because it is an adjective (descriptive verb in Korean grammar), it cannot take an object particle (을/를). You cannot say '긍정적이다를 합니다'. It must describe a subject (은/는/이/가) or modify a noun (긍정적인 명사) or modify a verb (긍정적으로 동사).

나는 내 직업에 대해 긍정적이다.

I am positive about my job.

그녀는 항상 긍정적인 말을 합니다.

She always says positive things.

우리는 이 문제를 긍정적으로 해결해야 합니다.

We need to solve this problem positively.

낙천적이다 (Optimistic / Happy-go-lucky): While 긍정적이다 means positive in a general or constructive sense, 낙천적이다 specifically refers to an optimistic, carefree, or happy-go-lucky personality. A person who is 낙천적이다 always looks on the bright side of life and doesn't worry much about the future. 긍정적이다 can be used for situations and outcomes, whereas 낙천적이다 is almost exclusively used to describe a person's inherent temperament.

제 동생은 성격이 아주 낙천적이다.

My younger sibling has a very optimistic personality.

희망적이다 (Hopeful): 희망적이다 translates to 'hopeful'. It is used when a situation looks promising or when there is a good chance of success. While 긍정적이다 implies that the current state or attitude is good, 희망적이다 focuses more on the anticipation of a good future outcome. For example, '희망적인 소식' means hopeful news, indicating things will get better.

환자의 상태가 희망적이다.

The patient's condition is hopeful.

건설적이다 (Constructive): 건설적이다 means constructive. It is often used in formal or business contexts, similar to 긍정적이다, but it specifically emphasizes that an action or discussion is productive and leads to improvement. A '건설적인 비판' is constructive criticism, whereas a '긍정적인 비판' sounds slightly contradictory (positive criticism).

우리는 건설적인 대화를 나누었습니다.

We had a constructive conversation.

그의 태도는 매우 적극적이다.

His attitude is very proactive.

상황이 밝고 긍정적이다.

The situation is bright and positive.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In Korean internet slang, people sometimes shorten '긍정적으로' to just '긍정' or use the phrase '무한 긍정' (infinite positivity) to describe someone who is almost comically optimistic, even in terrible situations.

Aussprachehilfe

UK [gɯŋ.dʑʌŋ.dʑʌ.gi.da]

US [gɯŋ.dʑʌŋ.dʑʌ.gi.da]

Korean does not have word-level stress like English, but pitch may rise slightly on the second syllable depending on the speaker's dialect.

Reimt sich auf

부정적이다 기적이다 매력적이다 열정적이다 합리적이다 논리적이다 상대적이다 절대적이다

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '적이다' as 'jeok-i-da' with a hard stop instead of blending it into 'jeo-gi-da'.
Mispronouncing the 'eu' (ㅡ) vowel in '긍' as an 'oo' (ㅜ) sound. It should be an unrounded vowel, like the 'u' in 'put' but with lips spread wide.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The Hanja roots might be unfamiliar to beginners, but the word is so common that it is quickly recognized in texts.

Schreiben 4/5

Spelling is straightforward, but learners often struggle with choosing between 적인 (noun modifier) and 적으로 (adverb).

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation requires mastering the liaison (긍정저기다), which can trip up beginners.

Hören 2/5

Very easy to hear and identify in spoken Korean due to its distinct rhythm and frequent use.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

좋다 (good) 생각하다 (to think) 마음 (mind/heart) 결과 (result) 사람 (person)

Als Nächstes lernen

부정적이다 (negative) 적극적이다 (proactive) 낙천적이다 (optimistic) 영향 (influence) 검토하다 (to review)

Fortgeschritten

건설적이다 (constructive) 비관적이다 (pessimistic) 수용하다 (to accept) 시너지 (synergy) 파급 효과 (ripple effect)

Wichtige Grammatik

Noun Modifier Form (-은/는/을)

긍정적이다 becomes 긍정적인 to modify a noun. (긍정적인 사람 - a positive person). It does not use -은 because it ends in 이다, so it always takes -ㄴ (인).

Adverbial Form (-으로)

Nouns ending in -적 take -으로 to become adverbs. 긍정적 + 으로 = 긍정적으로 (positively). (긍정적으로 생각하다 - to think positively).

Negative Form (-지 않다)

To make it negative, attach -지 않다 to the stem. 긍정적이지 않다 (is not positive). Alternatively, use the antonym 부정적이다.

Noun Form (-성)

Adding the suffix -성 turns it into an abstract noun. 긍정성 (positivity). (긍정성을 기르다 - to cultivate positivity).

Copula Conjugation (이다)

Because it ends in 이다, it conjugates like a noun. Present formal: 긍정적입니다. Present polite: 긍정적이에요. Past polite: 긍정적이었어요.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

제 친구는 긍정적이에요.

My friend is positive.

Subject + 긍정적이다 (polite form: 긍정적이에요).

저는 긍정적인 사람입니다.

I am a positive person.

긍정적인 modifies the noun 사람 (person).

결과가 긍정적입니다.

The result is positive.

Formal polite ending: -입니다.

항상 긍정적으로 생각해요.

I always think positively.

Adverbial form: 긍정적으로 (positively).

그는 긍정적이지 않아요.

He is not positive.

Negative form: -지 않다.

우리 엄마는 긍정적이에요.

My mom is positive.

Basic sentence structure.

긍정적인 말을 하세요.

Please say positive words.

Imperative form: -(으)세요.

오늘 기분이 긍정적이에요.

My mood is positive today.

Using with feelings/mood.

어려운 상황에서도 긍정적으로 생각하세요.

Even in difficult situations, think positively.

-에서도 (even in) + 긍정적으로 (positively).

그 학생은 태도가 아주 긍정적입니다.

That student's attitude is very positive.

태도 (attitude) + 긍정적이다.

우리는 미래에 대해 긍정적이에요.

We are positive about the future.

-에 대해 (about) + 긍정적이다.

긍정적인 에너지를 주세요.

Please give me positive energy.

Noun modifier 긍정적인 + 에너지 (energy).

선생님의 평가는 긍정적이었습니다.

The teacher's evaluation was positive.

Past tense formal: 긍정적이었습니다.

부정적으로 생각하지 말고 긍정적으로 생각해요.

Don't think negatively, think positively.

-지 말고 (don't do this, but do that).

그녀는 매사에 긍정적인 편이에요.

She tends to be positive about everything.

-는 편이다 (tends to be).

긍정적인 마음가짐이 중요합니다.

A positive mindset is important.

마음가짐 (mindset) + 중요하다 (important).

그 제안을 긍정적으로 검토해 보겠습니다.

I will review that proposal positively.

검토하다 (to review) is frequently paired with 긍정적으로.

규칙적인 운동은 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다.

Regular exercise has a positive influence on health.

-에 영향을 미치다 (to have an influence on).

시민들의 반응이 예상보다 훨씬 긍정적입니다.

The citizens' reaction is much more positive than expected.

예상보다 (than expected) + 훨씬 (much).

실패를 긍정적인 경험으로 받아들이세요.

Accept failure as a positive experience.

-으로 받아들이다 (to accept as).

팀원들의 긍정적인 참여 덕분에 프로젝트를 성공적으로 마쳤습니다.

Thanks to the team members' positive participation, we finished the project successfully.

-덕분에 (thanks to).

전문가들은 내년 경제 성장률을 긍정적으로 전망하고 있습니다.

Experts are forecasting next year's economic growth rate positively.

전망하다 (to forecast/predict).

자신을 긍정적으로 평가하는 것이 자존감 향상에 도움이 됩니다.

Evaluating yourself positively helps improve self-esteem.

-는 것이 도움이 되다 (doing something is helpful).

그 회사는 환경 보호에 긍정적인 기여를 하고 있습니다.

That company is making a positive contribution to environmental protection.

기여를 하다 (to make a contribution).

비판을 수용하는 긍정적인 자세가 개인의 발전을 이끕니다.

A positive attitude of accepting criticism leads to personal development.

수용하다 (to accept) modifying 자세 (attitude).

이번 협상 결과는 양국 관계에 긍정적인 신호로 해석될 수 있습니다.

The result of this negotiation can be interpreted as a positive signal for the relationship between the two countries.

-로 해석되다 (to be interpreted as).

지나치게 긍정적인 전망은 오히려 위험을 초래할 수 있음을 명심해야 합니다.

We must keep in mind that an overly positive outlook can actually cause danger.

지나치게 (overly) + -을 명심하다 (to keep in mind).

다양성을 존중하는 문화는 조직 내에 긍정적인 시너지를 창출합니다.

A culture that respects diversity creates positive synergy within the organization.

시너지를 창출하다 (to create synergy).

그의 발언은 사회적으로 긍정적인 파장을 불러일으켰습니다.

His remarks caused a positive ripple effect socially.

파장을 불러일으키다 (to cause a ripple effect).

청소년들에게 긍정적 자아 정체성을 심어주는 교육이 필요합니다.

Education that instills a positive self-identity in adolescents is necessary.

심어주다 (to instill/plant).

스트레스를 긍정적인 원동력으로 승화시키는 방법을 배워야 합니다.

You must learn how to sublimate stress into a positive driving force.

-으로 승화시키다 (to sublimate into).

이 제도의 도입이 시장에 미칠 긍정적 효과와 부정적 효과를 비교 분석해 보았습니다.

We comparatively analyzed the positive and negative effects the introduction of this system will have on the market.

비교 분석하다 (to comparatively analyze).

현대 자본주의 사회에서 강요되는 긍정성은 때로 개인에게 폭력으로 작용할 수 있습니다.

The positivity forced in modern capitalist society can sometimes act as violence against the individual.

강요되다 (to be forced) + 긍정성 (positivity).

해당 논문은 기술 발전이 인류의 삶에 미치는 긍정적 외부효과를 실증적으로 규명하였습니다.

The paper empirically investigated the positive externalities that technological advancement has on human life.

실증적으로 규명하다 (to empirically investigate/prove).

정부의 미온적인 대처에도 불구하고 시민 사회의 자발적 참여가 긍정적인 국면 전환을 이끌어냈습니다.

Despite the government's lukewarm response, the voluntary participation of civil society brought about a positive turning point.

국면 전환을 이끌어내다 (to bring about a turning point).

그의 문학 작품은 비극적 현실 속에서도 인간 존재에 대한 긍정적 긍정을 포기하지 않습니다.

His literary works do not give up a positive affirmation of human existence even amidst tragic reality.

긍정적 긍정 (positive affirmation - rhetorical repetition).

단순한 낙관주의를 넘어, 현실의 모순을 직시하면서도 대안을 모색하는 긍정적 허무주의가 요구되는 시점입니다.

It is a time that requires a positive nihilism that goes beyond simple optimism, facing the contradictions of reality while seeking alternatives.

직시하다 (to face squarely) + 모색하다 (to seek).

기업의 ESG 경영은 단기적 이윤 창출을 넘어 장기적인 기업 가치 제고에 긍정적으로 기여한다는 것이 정설입니다.

It is an established theory that corporate ESG management contributes positively to enhancing long-term corporate value beyond short-term profit generation.

정설이다 (to be an established theory).

언론의 보도 프레임이 대중의 인식을 얼마나 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 편향시킬 수 있는지 보여주는 단적인 사례입니다.

It is a prime example showing how the media's reporting frame can bias public perception positively or negatively.

편향시키다 (to bias/skew).

양적 완화 정책이 실물 경제에 미친 긍정적 파급 효과에 대해서는 여전히 학계의 의견이 분분합니다.

Academic opinions are still divided on the positive ripple effects that quantitative easing policies had on the real economy.

의견이 분분하다 (opinions are divided).

니체의 철학에서 운명애(Amor Fati)는 삶의 고통마저도 수용하는 궁극적이고 절대적인 긍정적 태도를 의미합니다.

In Nietzsche's philosophy, Amor Fati means an ultimate and absolute positive attitude that accepts even the suffering of life.

궁극적이고 절대적인 (ultimate and absolute).

언어학적 관점에서 볼 때, 이중 부정은 강한 긍정적 의미를 내포하는 수사학적 장치로 기능합니다.

From a linguistic perspective, a double negative functions as a rhetorical device implying a strong positive meaning.

내포하다 (to imply/contain) + 수사학적 장치 (rhetorical device).

역사적 트라우마를 극복하는 과정에서 집단 기억의 긍정적 재구성은 공동체의 결속을 다지는 핵심 기제입니다.

In the process of overcoming historical trauma, the positive reconstruction of collective memory is a core mechanism for solidifying community cohesion.

재구성 (reconstruction) + 핵심 기제 (core mechanism).

해당 판결은 소수자의 권리 보호라는 헌법적 가치를 실현하는 데 있어 사법부의 긍정적 개입주의를 보여주는 기념비적 판례입니다.

The ruling is a monumental precedent demonstrating the judiciary's positive interventionism in realizing the constitutional value of protecting minority rights.

긍정적 개입주의 (positive interventionism).

생태 중심주의 윤리학은 인간과 자연의 관계를 착취가 아닌 공생의 긍정적 상호의존성으로 재정립할 것을 촉구합니다.

Ecocentric ethics urges the re-establishment of the relationship between humans and nature not as exploitation but as a positive interdependence of symbiosis.

상호의존성 (interdependence) + 재정립하다 (to re-establish).

인공지능의 발전이 노동 시장에 미칠 영향을 단선적인 일자리 감소로 환원하기보다는, 새로운 가치 창출의 긍정적 기회로 조망하는 거시적 안목이 필요합니다.

Rather than reducing the impact of AI's development on the labor market to a linear decrease in jobs, a macroscopic perspective that views it as a positive opportunity for new value creation is needed.

환원하다 (to reduce to) + 조망하다 (to view/prospect).

포스트모더니즘 문학에서 서사적 파편화는 전통적 의미망의 해체를 넘어 다원적 해석을 가능케 하는 긍정적 해체 작업으로 평가받습니다.

In postmodern literature, narrative fragmentation is evaluated as a positive deconstruction work that enables pluralistic interpretation beyond the dissolution of traditional semantic networks.

다원적 해석 (pluralistic interpretation) + 해체 작업 (deconstruction work).

양자역학의 불확정성 원리는 결정론적 세계관의 붕괴를 의미하는 동시에, 우주의 본질적 역동성에 대한 긍정적 인식론의 출발점이 되었습니다.

The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics meant the collapse of the deterministic worldview, while simultaneously becoming the starting point of a positive epistemology regarding the essential dynamism of the universe.

인식론 (epistemology) + 역동성 (dynamism).

Häufige Kollokationen

긍정적인 생각

긍정적인 태도

긍정적인 영향

긍정적인 효과

긍정적으로 생각하다

긍정적으로 검토하다

긍정적인 평가

긍정적인 반응

긍정적인 결과

긍정적인 방향

Häufige Phrasen

긍정적으로 생각해.

— Think positively. Used to comfort or encourage someone facing a difficulty.

시험에 떨어졌지만, 긍정적으로 생각해. 다음 기회가 있잖아.

긍정의 힘.

— The power of positivity. A common phrase in self-help and motivational contexts.

그녀는 긍정의 힘을 믿고 병을 이겨냈습니다.

긍정적인 마인드.

— A positive mind/mindset. Uses the English loanword 'mind'.

성공하려면 긍정적인 마인드가 필요합니다.

긍정적인 답변 기다리겠습니다.

— I will wait for a positive reply. A standard closing in formal business emails.

검토해 보시고 긍정적인 답변 기다리겠습니다. 감사합니다.

매사에 긍정적이다.

— To be positive about everything. Used to describe a highly optimistic person.

제 친구는 매사에 긍정적이라서 인기가 많아요.

긍정적인 측면.

— The positive aspect/side. Used when analyzing a situation with pros and cons.

이 문제의 긍정적인 측면도 고려해야 합니다.

긍정적으로 받아들이다.

— To accept positively. To take criticism or bad news in a constructive way.

그의 충고를 긍정적으로 받아들였습니다.

긍정적인 에너지.

— Positive energy. Used to describe the good vibe someone brings to a group.

그녀는 항상 주변 사람들에게 긍정적인 에너지를 줍니다.

긍정적인 신호.

— A positive sign/signal. Used in economics or health to indicate improvement.

주가 상승은 경제 회복의 긍정적인 신호입니다.

긍정적인 자아상.

— Positive self-image. Used in psychology and education.

아이들이 긍정적인 자아상을 가질 수 있도록 도와주세요.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

긍정적이다 vs 적극적이다

Means 'proactive' or 'active'. Confused because positive people are often proactive. Use 적극적이다 for actions (participating actively) and 긍정적이다 for mindset (thinking positively).

긍정적이다 vs 양성이다

Means 'positive' in a medical sense (e.g., testing positive for a virus). Never use 긍정적이다 for medical tests.

긍정적이다 vs 낙천적이다

Means 'optimistic' as an inherent personality trait. 긍정적이다 can be a conscious choice or describe a situation, whereas 낙천적이다 describes a carefree person.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"비 온 뒤에 땅이 굳는다"

— The ground hardens after the rain. Means that hardships make you stronger. A proverb expressing a positive outlook on adversity.

비 온 뒤에 땅이 굳는다고, 이번 실패가 너를 더 강하게 만들 거야.

Proverb

"고생 끝에 낙이 온다"

— Joy comes at the end of hardship. Equivalent to 'No pain, no gain' or 'Every cloud has a silver lining'.

지금은 힘들지만 고생 끝에 낙이 온다는 말을 믿어보자.

Proverb

"하늘이 무너져도 솟아날 구멍이 있다"

— Even if the sky falls, there is a hole to soar through. Means there is always a way out of a bad situation. Highly positive and encouraging.

하늘이 무너져도 솟아날 구멍이 있다잖아. 포기하지 마.

Proverb

"쥐구멍에도 볕 들 날 있다"

— Even a mouse hole will have a day when the sun shines in. Means every dog has its day; things will eventually get better.

쥐구멍에도 볕 들 날 있다는데, 언젠가 우리도 부자가 될 거야.

Proverb

"전화위복"

— Turning a misfortune into a blessing. A four-character idiom (Saja-seongeo) about positive outcomes from bad events.

이번 위기를 전화위복의 기회로 삼읍시다.

Formal/Idiom

"칠전팔기"

— Fall seven times, stand up eight. Represents unyielding positive resilience.

그는 칠전팔기의 정신으로 마침내 성공했다.

Formal/Idiom

"새옹지마"

— The old man on the frontier's horse. Means life is full of unpredictable ups and downs, so don't be too sad about bad things or too happy about good things. Encourages a balanced, ultimately positive acceptance of fate.

인생은 새옹지마니까 너무 슬퍼하지 마세요.

Formal/Idiom

"웃는 얼굴에 침 뱉으랴"

— Can you spit on a smiling face? Means that if you approach people positively and kindly, they won't treat you badly.

웃는 얼굴에 침 뱉으랴. 항상 친절하게 대하면 좋은 결과가 있을 거야.

Proverb

"시작이 반이다"

— Starting is half the task. A positive proverb to encourage someone to just begin.

시작이 반이라고 했어. 일단 도전해 봐.

Proverb

"천 리 길도 한 걸음부터"

— Even a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Encourages a positive, patient approach to large tasks.

천 리 길도 한 걸음부터니까 너무 조급해하지 마.

Proverb

Leicht verwechselbar

긍정적이다 vs 적극적이다

Both describe desirable traits in a person. English speakers sometimes use 'positive' to mean 'taking positive action'.

적극적이다 focuses on physical or outward action (doing things enthusiastically). 긍정적이다 focuses on internal mindset (seeing the good).

그는 회의에 적극적으로 참여하고, 결과에 대해 긍정적으로 생각한다. (He actively participates in the meeting and thinks positively about the result.)

긍정적이다 vs 양성이다

In English, 'positive' is used for both attitudes and medical tests.

양성 is strictly for medical/scientific tests indicating the presence of something. 긍정적이다 is for attitudes and evaluations.

코로나 검사 결과가 양성입니다. (The COVID test result is positive.)

긍정적이다 vs 확실하다

In English, 'I am positive' can mean 'I am certain'.

In Korean, 긍정적이다 NEVER means 'certain'. To say 'I am positive/certain', you must use 확실하다.

그것이 사실이라고 확신합니다. (I am positive/certain that it is true.)

긍정적이다 vs 좋다

Both mean something is favorable.

좋다 is a general word for 'good'. 긍정적이다 is more specific, meaning 'constructive' or 'optimistic'.

날씨가 좋다 (The weather is good). 상황이 긍정적이다 (The situation is positive).

긍정적이다 vs 건설적이다

Both mean constructive or leading to good outcomes.

건설적이다 is more formal and used specifically for discussions, criticism, or relationships that build something up.

건설적인 비판을 해주세요. (Please give constructive criticism.)

Satzmuster

[Subject]은/는 긍정적이에요.

제 친구는 긍정적이에요. (My friend is positive.)

긍정적으로 [Verb]-(으)세요.

긍정적으로 생각하세요. (Please think positively.)

[Noun]에 긍정적인 영향을 미치다.

운동은 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다. (Exercise has a positive influence on health.)

[Noun]을/를 긍정적으로 검토하다.

제안서를 긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다. (I will review the proposal positively.)

[Clause]-다는 점이 긍정적이다.

매출이 증가했다는 점이 긍정적입니다. (The fact that sales increased is positive.)

[Noun]을/를 긍정적으로 평가하다.

전문가들은 그 정책을 긍정적으로 평가했습니다. (Experts evaluated the policy positively.)

[Noun]의 긍정적 파급 효과.

새 기술의 긍정적 파급 효과를 기대합니다. (We expect the positive ripple effects of the new technology.)

[Noun]에 대한 긍정적 인식론.

우주에 대한 긍정적 인식론이 필요합니다. (A positive epistemology regarding the universe is needed.)

Wortfamilie

Substantive

긍정 (positivity/affirmation)

긍정성 (positiveness)

Verben

긍정하다 (to affirm/acknowledge)

Adjektive

긍정적이다 (to be positive)

Verwandt

부정 (negativity/denial)

낙천주의 (optimism)

적극성 (proactivity)

희망 (hope)

건설 (construction/constructiveness)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Top 1000 most common words in Korean. Extremely high frequency in both spoken and written language.

Häufige Fehler

코로나 검사 결과가 긍정적입니다. → 코로나 검사 결과가 양성입니다.
긍정적이다 is only used for attitudes, outlooks, and evaluations. For medical tests indicating the presence of a disease, the correct word is 양성 (positive).
그가 범인이라고 긍정적이에요. → 그가 범인이라고 확신해요.
In English, 'I am positive' can mean 'I am certain'. In Korean, 긍정적이다 never means 'certain'. You must use 확신하다 (to be certain) or 확실하다 (to be sure).
그는 수업에 긍정적으로 참여합니다. → 그는 수업에 적극적으로 참여합니다.
While 'positively participating' makes sense in English, Korean distinguishes between mental attitude (긍정적) and physical proactivity/enthusiasm (적극적). For participation, 적극적이다 is much more natural.
긍정적으로 사람을 좋아해요. → 긍정적인 사람을 좋아해요.
긍정적으로 is an adverb and must modify a verb. To modify a noun like 사람 (person), you must use the adjective modifier form 긍정적인.
나는 긍정적이다를 합니다. → 나는 긍정적입니다. (또는 긍정적으로 생각합니다)
긍정적이다 is an adjective (descriptive verb), not an action noun. It cannot take the object particle 를 and be combined with 하다 (to do). It conjugates directly with the copula 이다.

Tipps

Noun vs. Adverb

Always remember: 긍정적인 + NOUN. 긍정적으로 + VERB. This is the most tested grammar point for this word in proficiency exams like TOPIK.

Not for Medical Tests

Never use 긍정적이다 for pregnancy tests, COVID tests, or any medical diagnosis. Use 양성 (yang-seong) instead.

Business Magic Word

In business, 긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다 (I will review it positively) is a polite way to acknowledge a proposal without making an immediate hard promise.

Liaison Rule

Don't pronounce the 'k' and 'i' separately. It is pronounced [긍정저기다] (geung-jeong-jeo-gi-da). Smoothly connect the sounds.

Not for 'Certainty'

Do not use it to translate the English 'I am positive' (meaning I am sure). Use 확실하다 or 확신하다 for certainty.

Common Pairings

Memorize these pairs: 긍정적인 영향 (positive influence), 긍정적인 결과 (positive result), 긍정적으로 생각하다 (think positively).

The Negative Twin

Learn its opposite, 부정적이다 (negative), at the same time. They conjugate exactly the same way and are used in the exact same sentence structures.

Action vs. Mindset

Don't confuse it with 적극적이다 (proactive). A person can be physically inactive (소극적) but mentally positive (긍정적).

Formal Writing

In TOPIK writing (Task 53/54), using '긍정적인 영향을 미치다' (has a positive influence) will instantly boost your vocabulary score.

Internet Slang

On the internet or in text messages, you might see it shortened to just '긍정' or expanded to '초긍정' (super positive) for emphasis.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine a GONG (긍) ringing out a cheerful JINGLE (정) that makes everyone JOKE (적) and be happy. GONG-JINGLE-JOKE -> Geung-jeong-jeok. A very POSITIVE sound!

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a large plus sign (+) glowing with bright yellow light. Inside the plus sign, the Korean letters 긍정 are written. Every time you see a plus sign, think of 긍정적이다.

Word Web

긍정적이다 긍정 (Noun) 긍정적으로 (Adverb) 부정적이다 (Antonym) 생각하다 (Think) 태도 (Attitude) 결과 (Result) 영향 (Influence)

Herausforderung

For one whole day, every time you catch yourself complaining about something, stop and say out loud: '아니야, 긍정적으로 생각하자!' (No, let's think positively!).

Wortherkunft

The word comes from Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots. 肯 (긍 - geung) means 'to agree' or 'to be willing'. 定 (정 - jeong) means 'to decide' or 'to fix'. 的 (적 - jeok) is a suffix meaning 'having the property of'. 이다 (i-da) is the native Korean copula meaning 'to be'. Together, it literally means 'to be of an agreeing and deciding nature'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Originally, in philosophical and logical contexts, '긍정' meant the affirmation of a proposition (saying 'yes, it is true'), as opposed to '부정' (denial). Over time, it evolved in everyday language to mean having a generally optimistic and constructive outlook on life.

Sino-Korean

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to tell someone who is grieving or experiencing severe trauma to '긍정적으로 생각해' (think positively), as it can come across as dismissive of their pain, much like in Western cultures.

In English, 'positive' can mean a medical test result (e.g., HIV positive). In Korean, NEVER use 긍정적이다 for medical tests. Use 양성 (yang-seong) instead.

The book '긍정의 힘' (The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent Peale) was a massive bestseller in Korea. The song '긍정' by various Korean hip-hop artists often explores the struggle to stay positive. The popular variety show 'Infinite Challenge' (무한도전) frequently promoted a '무한 긍정' (infinite positivity) mindset.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Giving Advice

긍정적으로 생각해 (Think positively)
다 잘 될 거야 (Everything will be fine)
긍정적인 마음을 가져 (Have a positive mind)
너무 부정적으로 보지 마 (Don't look at it too negatively)

Business Meetings

긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다 (I will review it positively)
긍정적인 결과가 기대됩니다 (Positive results are expected)
긍정적인 방향으로 (In a positive direction)
긍정적인 피드백 (Positive feedback)

Performance Reviews

태도가 긍정적이다 (Attitude is positive)
팀에 긍정적인 영향을 주다 (Gives a positive influence to the team)
적극적이고 긍정적인 사원 (A proactive and positive employee)
긍정적인 평가를 받다 (Received a positive evaluation)

News and Economy

시장의 긍정적인 반응 (The market's positive reaction)
경제에 미치는 긍정적 효과 (Positive effect on the economy)
긍정적인 신호 (A positive sign)
긍정적 전망 (Positive outlook)

Psychology and Health

긍정적인 자아상 (Positive self-image)
긍정적 사고방식 (Positive way of thinking)
건강에 긍정적이다 (Positive for health)
긍정 에너지 (Positive energy)

Gesprächseinstiege

"요즘 스트레스 받는 일이 많은데, 어떻게 하면 긍정적으로 생각할 수 있을까요? (I have a lot of stressful things lately, how can I think positively?)"

"본인의 성격이 긍정적인 편이라고 생각하시나요, 아니면 부정적인 편이라고 생각하시나요? (Do you think your personality tends to be positive or negative?)"

"최근에 들은 뉴스 중에서 가장 긍정적인 소식은 무엇이었나요? (What was the most positive news you've heard recently?)"

"팀 프로젝트를 할 때 긍정적인 팀원이 미치는 영향은 무엇일까요? (What is the impact of a positive team member when doing a team project?)"

"어려운 상황을 긍정적으로 극복한 경험이 있다면 이야기해 주세요. (If you have an experience of overcoming a difficult situation positively, please tell me about it.)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 하루 동안 있었던 일 중 가장 긍정적인 일 세 가지를 적어보세요. (Write down the three most positive things that happened today.)

내가 가진 긍정적인 성격 특징은 무엇이며, 그것이 내 삶에 어떤 도움을 주는지 써보세요. (Write about what positive personality traits you have and how they help your life.)

부정적인 생각이 들 때, 그것을 긍정적으로 바꾸기 위해 나는 어떤 노력을 하는가? (When I have negative thoughts, what efforts do I make to change them positively?)

나에게 가장 긍정적인 영향을 주는 사람은 누구이며, 그 이유는 무엇인가요? (Who is the person that gives me the most positive influence, and why?)

미래의 내 모습에 대해 긍정적인 상상을 하고, 그 모습을 구체적으로 묘사해 보세요. (Imagine your future self positively and describe that image in detail.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, you cannot. This is a very common mistake for English speakers. In Korean, 긍정적이다 only refers to an optimistic or constructive attitude. If you want to say you are 'positive' meaning 'certain' or 'sure', you must use the word 확신하다 (to be certain) or 확실하다 (to be sure). For example, '그가 했다고 확신해요' (I am positive he did it).

The most natural and common way to say this is '긍정적으로 생각해' (casual) or '긍정적으로 생각하세요' (polite). You take the root 긍정적, add the adverbial particle -으로 to make it 'positively', and then add the verb 생각하다 (to think).

'긍정적인' is a noun modifier (adjective form). It must be followed by a noun. For example, 긍정적인 사람 (a positive person) or 긍정적인 결과 (a positive result). '긍정적으로' is an adverb. It must be followed by a verb. For example, 긍정적으로 살다 (to live positively) or 긍정적으로 검토하다 (to review positively).

Absolutely not. If you say '코로나 검사가 긍정적이다', it sounds like your COVID-19 virus has a very cheerful and optimistic personality. For medical tests, you must use the word 양성 (yang-seong) for positive, and 음성 (eum-seong) for negative.

In Korean grammar, it is classified as a descriptive verb, which functions like an adjective in English. Because it ends with the copula 이다 (to be), it conjugates differently than action verbs. It cannot take an object particle (을/를).

The exact opposite is 부정적이다 (bu-jeong-jeok-i-da), which means negative, pessimistic, or critical. The Hanja root 부 (否) means 'no' or 'not'. Just like 긍정적이다, it is used for attitudes and evaluations, not for medical tests.

A very standard phrase to use when you want someone to approve your request or proposal is '긍정적인 검토 부탁드립니다' (Please review this positively). It is polite, professional, and widely used in Korean corporate culture.

Yes! If a movie gets good reviews, you can say '영화에 대한 평가가 긍정적이다' (The evaluation of the movie is positive) or '긍정적인 리뷰를 받았다' (It received positive reviews).

'긍정의 힘' translates to 'The Power of Positivity' or 'The Power of Positive Thinking'. It is a very popular phrase in Korea, often used as the title of self-help books or in motivational speeches to encourage people to maintain a good mindset.

Just like in English, telling someone who is severely depressed or grieving to 'just think positively' (긍정적으로 생각해) can come across as insensitive or dismissive of their feelings. It is better used for everyday stress, work challenges, or general life advice.

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writing

Write a sentence saying 'My friend is a positive person.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

제 친구는 긍정적인 사람입니다.