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B1 particle 11 min de lectura

〜くらい

kurai
Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos
Explicación 〜くらい in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners might encounter 〜くらい in very basic phrases indicating approximate quantities, like 'about 5 apples' (りんご5個くらい - ringo go-ko kurai). The focus is on simple, concrete approximations. The meaning is usually 'about' or 'around'.
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A2 learners will start using 〜くらい for approximate times and quantities in simple sentences. For instance, 'I'll be there in about 10 minutes' (10分くらいで着きます - juppun kurai de tsukimasu). They might also begin to understand its use in describing a basic extent, such as 'I'm a little tired' (ちょっと疲れたくらい - chotto tsukareta kurai).
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At the B1 level, learners can confidently use 〜くらい for approximations of numbers, time, and quantities in everyday conversations. They also begin to grasp its usage for indicating the extent or degree of an action or feeling, such as 'so tired that I can't move' (動けないくらい疲れた - ugokenai kurai tsukareta). The phrase 〜くらいなら ('if it's that much, I'd rather...') also becomes more familiar.
B2 learners use 〜くらい fluently for both approximation and expressing extent. They can understand and produce more complex sentences where 〜くらい describes the intensity of emotions or situations, like 'so scared I couldn't breathe' (息ができないくらい怖かった - iki ga dekinai kurai kowakatta). They are also aware of the nuances between 〜くらい and 〜ぐらい.
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C1 learners use 〜くらい with a high degree of accuracy and nuance. They can distinguish subtle differences in meaning when 〜くらい is used in various contexts, including comparative degrees and expressing mild complaints. They understand its role in adding naturalness to spoken Japanese and can employ it effectively in both informal and semi-formal written contexts.
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C2 learners have internalized the multifaceted usage of 〜くらい. They can analyze its role in literature, formal speeches, and nuanced conversations, understanding how it contributes to the overall tone and meaning. They can also explain the subtle historical and regional variations in its usage compared to 〜ぐらい.
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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos
The particle 〜くらい (kurai) is a versatile Japanese particle used in a variety of situations, primarily to indicate approximation or a degree/extent. It can be attached to nouns, numbers, or verb/adjective stems. One of its most common uses is to express that a quantity or time is 'about' or 'approximately' a certain amount. For example, if you say "500円くらい" (gohyaku-en kurai), you mean 'about 500 yen'. Similarly, for time, "3時間くらい" (san-jikan kurai) means 'about 3 hours'. This usage is very common in everyday conversation when precision is not required.

明日、3時くらいに駅に着きます。

Beyond approximation, 〜くらい can also indicate the extent or degree to which something reaches. In this sense, it's similar to saying 'to the extent that' or 'so much that'. This is often seen with verbs or adjectives. For instance, "疲れて、立っていられないくらいだった" (tsukarete, tatte irarenai kurai datta) means 'I was so tired that I couldn't stand'. Here, 〜くらい emphasizes the severity of the tiredness.

Approximation
Used with numbers, quantities, or time to mean 'about' or 'approximately'.
Extent/Degree
Used to show how far something goes or how severe a condition is, often translated as 'to the extent that' or 'so much that'.
Comparative Degree
Can sometimes be used to compare degrees, similar to 'as much as' or 'as far as'.

It's important to note that 〜くらい is generally considered more informal than 〜ぐらい (gurai), though they are often interchangeable. The nuance can also be subtle. For example, saying "これくらいでいい" (kore kurai de ii) can mean 'this much is fine' or 'this level is okay'. The choice between 〜くらい and 〜ぐらい often comes down to personal preference or regional dialect.

この仕事は、1時間くらいで終わるでしょう。

In some contexts, 〜くらい can also imply a sense of mild complaint or resignation, suggesting that a situation is not ideal but one has to accept it. For instance, "毎日こんなに忙しいなんて、やっていられないくらいだ" (mainichi konnani isogashii nante, yatte irarenai kurai da) conveys a strong feeling of being overwhelmed.

彼は、10キロくらい痩せた。

The usage of 〜くらい can also be seen in comparisons, often implying 'as much as' or 'as far as'. For example, "私くらいはできるはずだ" (watashi kurai wa dekiru hazu da) suggests 'I should be able to do at least this much' or 'Someone like me should be able to do it'. This usage highlights a baseline or a minimum expectation.

その映画は、泣けるくらい感動的だった。

In essence, 〜くらい is a fundamental particle that adds nuance to Japanese sentences, making them more descriptive and natural-sounding. Mastering its various uses will significantly improve your comprehension and fluency.

Using 〜くらい (kurai) correctly involves understanding its primary functions: approximation and indicating extent. Let's break down how to use it in different grammatical structures.

Noun + 〜くらい

When used with a noun, 〜くらい typically signifies an approximation of quantity or value.
Example 1: Quantity
これは、100グラムくらいの肉です。(Kore wa, hyaku guramu kurai no niku desu.) - This is about 100 grams of meat.
Example 2: Value
このバッグは、5000円くらいで買いました。(Kono baggu wa, go-sen en kurai de kaimashita.) - I bought this bag for around 5000 yen.
Example 3: Time
会議は、2時間くらいかかりました。(Kaigi wa, ni-jikan kurai kakarimashita.) - The meeting took about 2 hours.

Number + 〜くらい

This is a very common structure for expressing approximate numbers or amounts.
Example 1: Approximate Count
会場には、100人くらいの人がいました。(Kaijou ni wa, hyaku-nin kurai no hito ga imashita.) - There were about 100 people at the venue.
Example 2: Approximate Distance
家から駅まで、歩いて15分くらいです。(Ie kara eki made, aruite juugo-fun kurai desu.) - It takes about 15 minutes to walk from my house to the station.

Verb/Adjective Stem + 〜くらい

This usage indicates the extent or degree of an action or state. It often translates to 'to the extent that', 'so much that', or 'as far as'.
Example 1: Extreme State
暑くて、汗が止まらないくらいだ。(Atsukute, ase ga tomaranai kurai da.) - It's so hot that my sweat won't stop.
Example 2: Comparative Degree
彼は私と同じくらいの身長がある。(Kare wa watashi to onaji kurai no shinchou ga aru.) - He is about the same height as me.
Example 3: Difficulty
この問題は、解けないくらい難しい。(Kono mondai wa, tokenai kurai muzukashii.) - This problem is so difficult that I can't solve it.

〜くらいなら

The phrase 〜くらいなら (kurai nara) is a set phrase used to express a hypothetical situation that is undesirable or considered a last resort. It often implies 'if it's that much...' or 'if I have to go to that extent...'.
Example 1: Unpleasant Choice
こんなに待つくらいなら、もう帰ります。(Konnani matsu kurai nara, mou kaerimasu.) - If I have to wait this long, I'll just go home.
Example 2: Reluctance
借金をするくらいなら、働きます。(Shakkin o suru kurai nara, hatarakimasu.) - If I have to go into debt, I'd rather work.

〜くらいで

This construction often implies a minimal amount or degree that is acceptable or sufficient.
Example 1: Minimal Effort
これくらいで文句を言わないでください。(Kore kurai de monku o iwanaide kudasai.) - Please don't complain about something as small as this.
Example 2: Sufficient Amount
これくらいで十分です。(Kore kurai de juubun desu.) - This much is enough.

Mastering these patterns will allow you to express approximations and degrees of intensity naturally in Japanese.

You'll encounter 〜くらい (kurai) in virtually every aspect of spoken and written Japanese, reflecting its fundamental role in conveying approximation and extent.

Everyday Conversations:

This is where 〜くらい shines. When friends chat, family members discuss plans, or colleagues make casual remarks, approximations are common.
Example Scenarios
Planning a meet-up: "何時くらいに集合する？” (Nanji kurai ni shuugou suru?) - Around what time should we gather?
Discussing food: "このラーメン、500円くらいだよ。” (Kono raamen, go-hyaku en kurai da yo.) - This ramen is about 500 yen.
Describing a task: "この仕事、1時間くらいで終わると思う。” (Kono shigoto, ichi-jikan kurai de owaru to omou.) - I think this job will finish in about an hour.

Media and Entertainment:

News reports, TV shows, movies, and books frequently use 〜くらい to convey approximate figures or to describe intense situations.
Example Scenarios
Weather forecast: "明日は、最高気温が25度くらいになるでしょう。” (Ashita wa, saikou kion ga ni-juugo do kurai ni naru deshou.) - Tomorrow, the high temperature will be around 25 degrees Celsius.
Drama dialogue: "もう、泣きたいくらい辛いよ。” (Mou, nakitai kurai tsurai yo.) - It's so painful, I just want to cry.
Documentary narration: "この地域には、1000人くらいの住民が住んでいます。” (Kono chiiki ni wa, sen-nin kurai no juumin ga sunde imasu.) - About 1000 residents live in this area.

Formal Writing (with some caveats):

While 〜くらい is generally informal, its approximation function can appear in slightly more formal contexts when exact figures are not crucial or when conveying a general sense. However, in very formal academic or business writing, 〜程度 (teido) might be preferred for approximation.
Example Scenarios
Product description: "この製品は、約50グラムくらいの重さです。” (Kono seihin wa, yaku go-juu guramu kurai no omosa desu.) - This product weighs approximately about 50 grams.
Travel guide: "この都市からは、車で2時間くらいの距離にあります。” (Kono toshi kara wa, kuruma de ni-jikan kurai no kyori ni arimasu.) - It is located about 2 hours away by car from this city.

Online Content:

Social media posts, blogs, and online forums are filled with 〜くらい due to its casual and natural feel.
Example Scenarios
Blogger: "このレシピ、材料費は1000円くらいかな？” (Kono reshipi, zairyouhi wa sen-en kurai kana?) - I wonder if the ingredient cost for this recipe is about 1000 yen?
Social media comment: "もう、疲れて歩けないくらい。” (Mou, tsukarete arukenai kurai.) - I'm so tired I can barely walk.

In summary, 〜くらい is an indispensable particle for expressing approximations and degrees in Japanese, making it a common feature across all forms of communication.

While 〜くらい (kurai) is a fundamental particle, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its application. Understanding these common pitfalls can help you use it more accurately.

Mistake 1: Confusing 〜くらい with 〜まで (made) or 〜だけ (dake)

Learners might use 〜くらい when they intend to express a limit or entirety, which is the function of 〜まで or 〜だけ.
Incorrect:
この問題は、私くらいには解けるはずだ。(Intended: 'This problem should be solvable by someone like me.')
Correct:
この問題は、私くらいなら解けるはずだ。(Kono mondai wa, watashi kurai nara tokeru hazu da.) - If it's someone like me, they should be able to solve it. (Here 〜くらい indicates a baseline.)
Alternatively, for 'only me': この問題は、私だけしか解けない。(Kono mondai wa, watashi dake shika tokenai.) - Only I can solve this problem.
Explanation:
〜くらい is for approximation or extent, not for specifying a singular subject or a strict limit. 〜だけ signifies 'only', and 〜まで signifies 'up to' or 'until'.

Mistake 2: Overusing 〜くらい for precise numbers or times

While 〜くらい is excellent for approximations, using it when exact figures are important can lead to misunderstanding or sound unprofessional.
Incorrect in a formal context:
会議は、10時くらいに始まります。(Intended: 'The meeting starts at precisely 10 o'clock.')
Correct in a formal context:
会議は、10時ちょうどに始まります。(Kaigi wa, juuji choudo ni hajimarimasu.) - The meeting starts at exactly 10 o'clock.
Explanation:
In formal settings or when precision is key, use words like ちょうど (choudo - exactly) or specifically state the time without 〜くらい.

Mistake 3: Incorrectly applying the 'extent' meaning

The 'extent' meaning of 〜くらい can be tricky. Sometimes learners might use it where a simple verb or adjective would suffice, or misinterpret the degree.
Incorrect:
彼は、疲れたくらい歩きました。(Intended: 'He walked so much that he got tired.')
Correct:
彼は、疲れてしまうくらい歩きました。(Kare wa, tsukarete shimau kurai arukimashita.) - He walked to the point where he became exhausted.
Explanation:
The 'extent' meaning often implies a consequence or a significant degree. Using it with a simple past tense might sound unnatural. It's better to use it with verb stems or phrases that clearly indicate the state or result of that extent.

Mistake 4: Using 〜くらい with adjectives directly without proper conjugation

While 〜くらい can attach to verb stems, directly attaching it to an adjective stem might not always be grammatically correct without further modification.
Incorrect:
この本は、面白いくらいだ。(Intended: 'This book is interesting to the extent that...')
Correct:
この本は、夢中になるくらい面白い。(Kono hon wa, muchuu ni naru kurai omoshiroi.) - This book is so interesting that I get absorbed in it.
Explanation:
To express the extent of an adjective, it's often better to use a verb phrase that leads to that adjective, like 夢中になる (muchuu ni naru - to become absorbed).

By being mindful of these common errors, you can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency when using 〜くらい.

Understanding words that have similar meanings to 〜くらい (kurai) will broaden your vocabulary and help you choose the most appropriate word for a given context.
〜ぐらい (gurai)
Meaning: Approximately, about, to the extent that.
Usage: This is the most common alternative and is often used interchangeably with 〜くらい. In most casual and even semi-formal situations, they are perfect substitutes. 〜ぐらい is sometimes perceived as slightly more formal or neutral than 〜くらい, but the difference is subtle.
Example:
「明日は、3時ぐらいに連絡します。」(Ashita wa, san-ji gurai ni renraku shimasu.) - I will contact you around 3 o'clock tomorrow.
〜ほど (hodo)
Meaning: To the degree that, so much that, as much as.
Usage: 〜ほど is often used to indicate a degree or extent, similar to 〜くらい, but it typically emphasizes the intensity or the result of that degree more strongly. It's frequently used in comparisons and to describe cause-and-effect relationships based on degree. It can also be used for approximation, but with a slightly different nuance, often implying a more subjective or personal measure.
Example:
「嬉しくて、泣きたいほどだった。」(Ureshikute, nakitai hodo datta.) - I was so happy that I wanted to cry. (Here, it emphasizes the intensity of happiness.)
「これほど美味しいケーキは初めてだ。」(Kore hodo oishii keeki wa hajimete da.) - This is the first time I've had a cake this delicious.
〜くらいなら (kurai nara) vs. 〜としたら (toshitara)
Meaning: 〜くらいなら: If it's to that extent (undesirable), I'd rather... 〜としたら: If we assume/consider...
Usage: While both can start with a hypothetical condition, their meanings are distinct. 〜くらいなら expresses a preference against an undesirable hypothetical situation, implying that the speaker would choose an alternative. 〜としたら is used to set up a hypothetical scenario for discussion or consideration, without necessarily implying a preference or an undesirable outcome.
Example:
「こんなに待つくらいなら、もう帰る。」(Konnani matsu kurai nara, mou kaeru.) - If I have to wait this long (and it's undesirable), I'll just go home.
「もし明日雨が降るとしたら、ピクニックは中止しましょう。」(Moshi ashita ame ga furu toshitara, pikunikku wa chuushi shimashou.) - If it rains tomorrow (assuming that), let's cancel the picnic.
〜くらいで (kurai de) vs. 〜程度で (teido de)
Meaning: 〜くらいで: About this much (often implying minimal), just this. 〜程度で: At this level/degree/extent.
Usage: Both can indicate a degree or amount. 〜くらいで is more common in informal speech and often carries a nuance of 'just this much' or 'this little', sometimes implying slight dissatisfaction or resignation. 〜程度で is generally more neutral and can be used in more formal contexts to indicate a level or extent.
Example:
「これくらいで文句を言うな。」(Kore kurai de monku o iu na.) - Don't complain about something as little as this.
「この程度で満足するわけがない。」(Kono teido de manzoku suru wake ga nai.) - There's no way I'll be satisfied with this level.

By understanding these alternatives, you can refine your expression and use the most fitting particle for each nuance.

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

While 〜くらい and 〜ぐらい are often used interchangeably, some linguists suggest that 〜くらい carries a slightly more subjective or personal nuance, whereas 〜ぐらい might be perceived as more objective or neutral. This distinction, however, is very subtle and often depends on context and individual perception.

Guía de pronunciación

UK /kɯɾaɪ/
US /kɯɾaɪ/
The stress is generally even, with a slight emphasis on the first syllable 'ku-'.
Rima con
〜ない (nai) 〜たい (tai) 〜かい (kai) 〜まい (mai) 〜らい (rai) - e.g., 天来 (tenrai) 〜がい (gai) - e.g., 大概 (taigai) 〜さい (sai) - e.g., 最 (sai) 〜あい (ai) - e.g., 愛 (ai)
Errores comunes
  • Pronouncing 'ra' as a hard 'r' instead of a flap.
  • Making the 'ku' sound too long or too short.
  • Not differentiating the length of the final 'i' sound.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

Understanding 〜くらい in reading requires distinguishing between its approximation and extent meanings, which can be context-dependent. Learners might initially struggle with sentences where the extent is implied rather than explicitly stated.

Escritura 3/5

Accurate use in writing involves choosing the correct context for approximation versus extent, and knowing when 〜くらい is appropriate versus more formal alternatives like 〜程度.

Expresión oral 3/5

Using 〜くらい naturally in speech involves mastering its informal tone and applying it correctly in everyday approximations and emotional expressions. The interchangeability with 〜ぐらい can also be a point of consideration.

Escucha 3/5

Distinguishing 〜くらい from similar particles like 〜ぐらい or 〜ほど in spoken Japanese requires careful listening to the context and the speaker's intent.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

Numbers (e.g., 一, 二, 三) Time units (e.g., 時, 分, 日) Basic nouns (e.g., 円, 人, 時間) Basic verbs (e.g., 来る, 行く, 食べる) Basic adjectives (e.g., 暑い, 寒い, 疲れた)

Aprende después

〜ぐらい (gurai) 〜ほど (hodo) 〜程度 (teido) 〜ばかり (bakari) 〜まで (made)

Avanzado

Idiomatic expressions involving degree or extent Nuances of formal vs. informal language particles Subtle differences in meaning between similar particles

Gramática que debes saber

Particles for approximation (〜くらい, 〜ぐらい, 〜ほど, 〜約)

Approximate quantities and times are often expressed using these particles. 〜くらい and 〜ぐらい are common in casual speech, while 〜約 is formal.

Expressing degree or extent (〜くらい, 〜ほど, 〜くらい〜ない)

Sentences like 'I'm so tired I can't move' (動けないくらい疲れた) use 〜くらい to show the extent of the feeling.

Conditional phrases (〜くらいなら, 〜としたら)

〜くらいなら expresses an undesirable hypothetical condition, implying a preference for an alternative, whereas 〜としたら sets up a hypothetical scenario for consideration.

Using verb stems with particles

Particles like 〜くらい can attach to verb stems to indicate the extent of an action, e.g., 食べないくらいなら、捨ててください (If you're not going to eat it, please throw it away).

Informal vs. Formal language

〜くらい is generally informal. In formal writing, 〜程度 or 〜約 might be preferred for approximations.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

りんごは3つくらいあります。

There are about 3 apples.

Noun + Number + 〜くらい (approximation of quantity)

2

これは、500円くらいです。

This is about 500 yen.

Noun (currency) + 〜くらい (approximation of cost)

3

あと10分くらいで着きます。

I will arrive in about 10 minutes.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of time)

4

猫は小さいくらいです。

The cat is about this small.

Adjective + 〜くらい (indicating size/degree)

5

水は冷たいくらいです。

The water is cold enough to...

Adjective + 〜くらい (indicating degree of coldness)

6

この箱は、重いくらいです。

This box is quite heavy.

Adjective + 〜くらい (indicating degree of heaviness)

7

子供は、5歳くらいです。

The child is about 5 years old.

Age + 〜くらい (approximation of age)

8

これは、食べられるくらいの量です。

This is a quantity that can be eaten.

Verb stem + 〜くらい (indicating an extent of possibility)

1

この本は、300ページくらいあります。

This book has about 300 pages.

Noun (pages) + 〜くらい (approximation of quantity)

2

電車は、15分くらい遅れました。

The train was delayed by about 15 minutes.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of delay)

3

彼は、私と同じくらいの身長です。

He is about the same height as me.

Noun + 〜くらい (comparative approximation of height)

4

暑くて、汗が止まらないくらいだ。

It's so hot that my sweat won't stop.

Adjective + 〜くらい (indicating extent of heat and its effect)

5

この仕事は、2時間くらいで終わるでしょう。

This work will likely finish in about 2 hours.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of task completion time)

6

彼女は、歌が上手いくらいだ。

She is very good at singing.

Adjective + 〜くらい (indicating a high degree of skill)

7

その話は、本当かどうか分からないくらい信じがたい。

The story is hard to believe, to the point that I don't know if it's true.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extent of disbelief)

8

寝坊して、学校に遅刻するくらいだった。

I overslept so much that I was almost late for school.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extent of oversleeping)

1

このプロジェクトは、あと1週間くらいで完了する見込みです。

This project is expected to be completed in about another week.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of project completion)

2

その映画は、泣けるくらい感動的だった。

That movie was so moving that it made me want to cry.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extent of emotional impact)

3

彼は、体重が10キロくらい減ったそうだ。

They say he lost about 10 kilograms.

Weight + 〜くらい (approximation of weight loss)

4

こんなに忙しいくらいなら、いっそ辞めた方がいいかもしれない。

If it's this busy, I might as well quit.

Adjective + 〜くらいなら (hypothetical undesirable situation)

5

そのレストランは、いつも満席で、入るのに1時間くらい待つこともある。

That restaurant is always full, and sometimes you have to wait about an hour to get in.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of waiting time)

6

彼は、専門家と話すくらいの知識を持っている。

He has as much knowledge as if he were talking to an expert.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a high level of knowledge)

7

この暑さで、外に出るのも嫌になるくらいだ。

It's so hot that I don't even want to go outside.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extent of discomfort)

8

彼女の歌声は、天使が歌うくらい美しい。

Her singing voice is as beautiful as an angel's.

Noun + 〜くらい (comparative degree of beauty)

1

その事件の被害者は、意識不明の状態が数日間続くくらい重傷を負った。

The victim of that incident suffered such severe injuries that they remained unconscious for several days.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating severe extent of injury)

2

この地域では、年間降水量が2000ミリくらいあると言われている。

It is said that the annual rainfall in this region is about 2000 millimeters.

Quantity + 〜くらい (approximation of rainfall)

3

彼の説明は、専門家でも理解に苦しむくらい難解だった。

His explanation was so abstruse that even experts had difficulty understanding it.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extreme difficulty)

4

借金で首が回らないくらいなら、いっそ身を隠した方がましだ。

If I'm so deeply in debt that I can't manage, I'd rather just disappear.

Idiomatic expression + 〜くらいなら (hypothetical extreme negative situation)

5

その作家の小説は、読んでいると時間が経つのを忘れるくらい引き込まれる。

That author's novels are so captivating that you forget time while reading them.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extreme absorption)

6

この状況では、何かしらの対策を講じるくらいはしなければならない。

In this situation, we must at least take some kind of measure.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a minimum necessary action)

7

彼は、普段は寡黙だが、酔うと饒舌になるくらい人が変わる。

He is usually quiet, but when he drinks, he changes so much that he becomes talkative.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a significant change in personality)

8

そのニュースは、多くの人々を不安にさせるくらい衝撃的だった。

The news was so shocking that it made many people anxious.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extent of shock and its effect)

1

長年の努力が実を結び、ついに目標を達成できたくらいの達成感があった。

The sense of accomplishment was so great, as if years of effort had finally borne fruit and achieved the goal.

Verb + 〜くらい (expressing a profound sense of accomplishment)

2

彼の芸術作品は、観る者の心を揺さぶるくらいの力強さを持っている。

His artwork possesses a power strong enough to move the hearts of those who view it.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating powerful artistic impact)

3

この状況では、事態の深刻さを理解しているくらいの対応が求められる。

In this situation, a response that reflects an understanding of the gravity of the matter is required.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a necessary level of understanding and response)

4

彼女の献身ぶりは、家族全員が頭を下げるくらいだった。

Her devotion was so profound that her entire family bowed their heads in respect.

Verb + 〜くらい (expressing extreme devotion and resulting respect)

5

その都市の人口は、ピーク時には100万人くらいに達したと推定されている。

It is estimated that the city's population reached about 1 million people at its peak.

Number + 〜くらい (approximation of peak population)

6

彼は、自分の意見を曲げないくらい頑固だ。

He is so stubborn that he won't bend his opinions.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extreme stubbornness)

7

この問題の解決には、専門家でも数週間かかるくらいの時間がかかるだろう。

Solving this problem will likely take as long as it would take experts several weeks.

Time duration + 〜くらい (approximation of time needed for a complex task)

8

子供の無邪気さには、大人の複雑な悩みも忘れさせてしまうくらいの力がある。

The innocence of children has the power to make adults forget their complex worries.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating the powerful effect of innocence)

1

彼の芸術的探求は、既存の概念を覆すくらい大胆なものであった。

His artistic exploration was so bold that it overturned existing concepts.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a revolutionary degree of boldness)

2

その時代の社会情勢は、民衆が反乱を起こすくらい不安定だった。

The socio-political situation of that era was so unstable that it led the populace to rebellion.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extreme socio-political instability)

3

彼女の語彙力は、ネイティブスピーカーでも舌を巻くくらい豊富だ。

Her vocabulary is so rich that even native speakers are impressed.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating an exceptionally rich vocabulary)

4

この小説の描写は、読者を物語の世界に引き込むくらい緻密で鮮やかだ。

The descriptions in this novel are so meticulous and vivid that they draw the reader into the story's world.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating an immersive quality of writing)

5

その会議の出席者は、全員が賛同するくらい、彼の提案は説得力があった。

His proposal was so persuasive that all attendees of the meeting agreed.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating a highly persuasive proposal)

6

彼は、自分の主張を証明するために、あらゆる証拠を提示するくらい執念深い。

He is so persistent that he presents all possible evidence to prove his point.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating extreme persistence and thoroughness)

7

その遺跡の規模は、当時の文明の高度さを物語るくらい壮大だった。

The scale of the ruins was so magnificent that it spoke of the advancement of the civilization at that time.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating the grandeur that reflects advanced civilization)

8

彼女の悲しみは、聞いているこちらの胸を締め付けるくらい深かった。

Her sorrow was so deep that it felt like it was squeezing the hearts of those who heard it.

Verb + 〜くらい (indicating profound sorrow that affects others)

Colocaciones comunes

〜くらいで
〜くらいなら
〜くらい〜ない
〜くらい〜
〜くらいのお
〜くらいのもの
〜くらいのこと
〜くらいです
〜くらいか
〜くらいな

Frases Comunes

〜くらいでいい

— This much is fine; this level is okay.

これくらいでいいよ。あまり多くいらない。(Kore kurai de ii yo. Amari ooku iranai.) - This much is fine. I don't need a lot.

〜くらいなら

— If it's to that extent (undesirable), I'd rather... / If I have to go that far...

こんなに待つくらいなら、もう帰る。(Konnani matsu kurai nara, mou kaeru.) - If I have to wait this long, I'll just go home.

〜くらいのものだ

— It's only about this much; it's a matter of this degree.

彼くらいのものだから、心配いらない。(Kare kurai no mono da kara, shinpai iranai.) - Since it's just someone like him, there's no need to worry.

〜くらいだから

— Because it's about this much; considering it's this degree...

子供くらいだから、仕方ない。(Kodomo kurai da kara, shikata nai.) - Since they're just a child, it can't be helped.

〜くらいのこと

— A matter of this extent; something as simple as this.

これくらいのことで、そんなに怒るなよ。(Kore kurai no koto de, sonna ni okoru na yo.) - Don't get so angry over something as minor as this.

〜くらいのもの

— Someone or something of this caliber; a person like this.

彼くらいのものなら、すぐに解決できるだろう。(Kare kurai no mono nara, sugu ni kaiketsu dekiru darou.) - If it's someone like him, he'll probably solve it quickly.

〜くらいで大丈夫

— It's okay with this much; this amount is fine.

この量くらいで大丈夫です。(Kono ryou kurai de daijoubu desu.) - This amount is fine.

〜くらいだ

— It is about...; it is to the extent that...

昨日は、一日中雨が降っていたくらいだ。(Kinou wa, ichinichijuu ame ga futte ita kurai da.) - It rained all day yesterday, to the point that...

〜くらいしかない

— There is only about...; there is nothing more than this.

お金は、500円くらいしかない。(Okane wa, go-hyaku en kurai shika nai.) - I only have about 500 yen.

〜くらいしか〜ない

— Cannot do more than this; can only do this much.

私には、これくらいしかできない。(Watashi ni wa, kore kurai shika dekinai.) - I can only do this much.

Se confunde a menudo con

〜くらい vs 〜ぐらい

Often interchangeable with 〜くらい for approximation and degree. 〜くらい is considered slightly more informal.

〜くらい vs 〜ほど

Similar to 〜くらい in indicating degree, but often emphasizes intensity more strongly and can be used in comparisons. It's generally more formal than 〜くらい.

〜くらい vs 〜だけ

〜だけ means 'only' or 'just', indicating a limit, while 〜くらい indicates approximation or extent. They are not interchangeable.

Fácil de confundir

〜くらい vs 〜ぐらい

Both are used for approximation and degree.

〜くらい is generally more informal than 〜ぐらい. In most everyday situations, they are interchangeable. However, 〜ぐらい might be slightly preferred in more neutral or slightly formal contexts.

This book is about 200 pages. ( informal: この本は200ページ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>です。 neutral: この本は200ページ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ぐらい</mark>です。)

〜くらい vs 〜ほど

Both can indicate degree or extent.

〜ほど often emphasizes the intensity or the result of the degree more strongly than 〜くらい. It's also frequently used for comparisons and in more formal contexts. 〜くらい is more general for approximation and extent.

I was so happy I wanted to cry. (〜くらい: 嬉しくて泣きたい<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>だった。〜ほど: 嬉しさの<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>あまり</mark>、泣きたいほどだった。 - Using 〜ほど emphasizes the intensity of happiness leading to tears.)

〜くらい vs 〜だけ

Both can be used with numbers or quantities.

〜だけ means 'only' or 'just', specifying a precise or exclusive amount. 〜くらい means 'about' or 'approximately', indicating an estimation. They have opposite meanings in terms of precision.

Only 5 people came. (〜だけ: 5人<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>だけ</mark>しか来なかった。) About 5 people came. (〜くらい: 5人<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>来た。)

〜くらい vs 〜程度 (ていど)

Both can indicate degree or level.

〜程度 is generally more neutral and can be used in formal contexts to indicate a level or extent. 〜くらい is more informal and can imply a minimal amount or a subjective estimation. 〜程度 is often used when discussing objective levels or standards.

This much is enough. (informal: これ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいで</mark>いい。 neutral/formal: この<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>程度</mark>で十分です。)

〜くらい vs 〜ばかり (bakari)

When used with numbers, both can imply approximation.

〜ばかり often implies 'just', 'only', or 'around' a certain amount, and can sometimes suggest a slight excess or a limited quantity. 〜くらい is a more general term for approximation. The nuance can be subtle.

The child is about 5 years old. (〜くらい: 子供は5歳<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>です。 〜ばかり: 子供は5歳<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ばかり</mark>です。 - Both are understandable, but 〜ばかり might subtly imply 'only just turned 5' or 'around 5' with a slight emphasis on the recency of that age.)

Patrones de oraciones

A1

Number + 〜くらい

りんごは3つ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>あります。

A2

Time + 〜くらい

10分<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>で着きます。

B1

Verb (plain) + 〜くらい

泣きたい<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>感動した。

B1

〜くらいなら

待つ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいなら</mark>、帰る。

B2

Noun + 〜くらい + の + Noun

私<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>の身長です。

B2

Adjective + 〜くらい

暑い<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>だ。

C1

Verb + 〜くらい + Adjective/Verb

眠れない<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>心配した。

C1

〜くらいで

これ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいで</mark>大丈夫。

Familia de palabras

Relacionado

ぐらい
ほど
程度
ばかり
約
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Cómo usarlo

frequency

High

Errores comunes
  • Using 〜くらい for precise numbers. → Use exact numbers or words like ちょうど (choudo - exactly) when precision is needed.

    〜くらい is for estimation. Using it for exact figures can lead to misunderstandings, especially in formal contexts. For example, 'The meeting starts at 10 AM sharp' should be 会議は10時<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ちょうど</mark>に始まります, not 10時<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>に.

  • Confusing 〜くらい with 〜だけ. → 〜くらい means 'about' or 'to the extent that', while 〜だけ means 'only' or 'just'.

    They have different meanings. 'About 5 people' is 5人<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>. 'Only 5 people' is 5人<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>だけ</mark>.

  • Using 〜くらい directly after an adjective stem without modification. → Modify the adjective or use a verb phrase that leads to the adjective.

    You can't say 'interesting<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>'. Instead, say 'so interesting that you get absorbed' (夢中になる<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>面白い).

  • Using 〜くらい for formal approximations where 〜程度 or 約 is more appropriate. → Use 〜程度 or 約 in formal writing or speech.

    While 〜くらい is common in everyday speech, formal documents or presentations usually require more precise or neutral terms. For example, 'The cost is approximately 1000 yen' would be more formally stated as 費用は約1000円です (hiyou wa yaku sen-en desu) or 費用はこの程度です (hiyou wa kono teido desu).

  • Misinterpreting the extent meaning as simple approximation. → Understand that 〜くらい can indicate a severe degree or consequence.

    Sentences like 'I was so tired I couldn't move' (動けない<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>疲れた) are not just about approximation but about the significant extent of tiredness leading to a specific outcome.

Consejos

Mastering the 'Rai' Sound

The 'rai' sound in 〜くらい is a flap 'r' (similar to the 'tt' in American English 'butter') followed by a long 'i' sound. Practice saying it clearly and distinctly. Avoid a hard 'r'.

〜くらいなら - A Useful Set Phrase

Remember the phrase 〜くらいなら. It's used to express a strong preference against an undesirable hypothetical situation, like 'If I have to do X, I'd rather do Y.' It's very common in expressing reluctance or difficult choices.

〜くらい vs. 〜ぐらい

In most informal situations, they are interchangeable. 〜くらい is often perceived as slightly more informal. When in doubt, 〜ぐらい is a safe bet, but don't hesitate to use 〜くらい in casual conversation.

Visual Association for Approximation

Imagine a scale with a hand pointing to an approximate weight, or a clock face with hands showing 'around' a certain time. Connect these visuals to the sound 'kurai' to help remember its approximation function.

Softening Directness

Using 〜くらい for approximations is a way to soften directness in Japanese communication, making interactions smoother and more polite. It reflects a cultural consideration for the listener.

Describe Your Day with 〜くらい

Try describing your daily routine using 〜くらい for approximate times and durations. For example, 'I wake up around 7 AM' (7時くらいに起きます - shichi-ji kurai ni okimasu).

Extent of Feelings

Use 〜くらい to express the intensity of your emotions or physical states. 'I was so happy I could cry' (泣きたいくらい嬉しかった - nakitai kurai ureshikatta) is a good example.

Beyond Approximation

While approximation is a key use, remember 〜くらい also signifies 'to the extent that' or 'so much that'. This allows for more nuanced descriptions of intensity and consequence.

Create Your Own Sentences

Write sentences using all the different functions of 〜くらい: approximation, extent, and the set phrase 〜くらいなら. This active recall will solidify your understanding.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'crane'. A crane can fly 'about' a certain distance, or it can reach 'to the extent that' it can grab a fish. The sounds 'ku-ra-i' might remind you of the sound a crane makes, or its graceful flight 'around' a certain area.

Asociación visual

Imagine a scale with a weight on one side, and a hand pointing to 'about' that weight. Or, picture a measuring cup with an approximate fill line marked '〜くらい'.

Word Web

Approximation Quantity Time Extent/Degree Comparison Informal 〜くらいなら 〜くらいで

Desafío

Try to describe your daily routine using at least three instances of 〜くらい for approximations (e.g., 'I wake up around 7 AM', 'I study for about 2 hours'). Then, describe a time you felt a strong emotion using 〜くらい to indicate its extent (e.g., 'I was so happy that...').

Origen de la palabra

The particle 〜くらい is believed to have originated from the verb 蔵 (kura), meaning 'to store' or 'to contain'. Over time, it evolved to indicate 'what is contained within' or 'the extent of what is contained', leading to its current meanings of approximation and degree.

Significado original: Originally related to 'contain' or 'store', implying a limit or amount.

Japonic

Contexto cultural

Using 〜くらい for approximations is generally considered polite and considerate in Japanese social interactions. However, in highly formal or technical contexts where precision is paramount (like scientific reports or legal documents), using more precise terms like '約' (yaku) or specific numbers is crucial.

In English, we often use 'about', 'around', 'approximately', 'roughly', 'to the extent that', or 'so much that'. The choice depends on the context, much like 〜くらい.

The phrase 'これくらいでいい' (kore kurai de ii), meaning 'this much is fine', is a common expression indicating acceptance or sufficiency. The set phrase '〜くらいなら' is often used in literature and media to express a character's extreme reluctance or a difficult choice. In anime and manga, characters frequently use 〜くらい to exaggerate their feelings or the scale of events, contributing to the genre's expressive nature.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Estimating quantities of items.

  • 5個<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 1キロ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • たくさん<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>

Estimating time durations.

  • 30分<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 2時間<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 一日<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>

Describing the extent of an emotion or physical state.

  • 泣きたい<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 眠い<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 痛い<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>

Making comparisons of degree.

  • 私<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>の
  • 同じ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>
  • 〜と同じ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>

Expressing a hypothetical undesirable situation.

  • 待つ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいなら</mark>
  • 嘘をつく<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいなら</mark>
  • 死ぬ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらいなら</mark>

Inicios de conversación

"今日は、何時間くらい勉強しましたか？"

"この料理は、いくらくらいだと思いますか？"

"最近、何か面白い映画を見ましたか？どれくらい面白かったですか？"

"週末は何をする予定ですか？だいたい何時くらいに家を出ますか？"

"このバッグ、いくらくらいで買いましたか？"

Temas para diario

今日の出来事で、一番印象に残っていることは何ですか？その出来事は、どれ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>大変でしたか？

最近、何か新しいことに挑戦しましたか？その挑戦は、どれ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>難しかったですか？

あなたが最もリラックスできる場所はどこですか？そこに行くと、どれ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>の時間が経つのも忘れてしまいますか？

もし宝くじで1億円当たったら、何に使いますか？だいたいどれ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>のものを買いたいですか？

最近、誰かに感謝したことはありますか？その感謝の気持ちは、どれ<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>くらい</mark>大きいですか？

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

〜くらい is generally considered informal and is very common in everyday spoken Japanese. However, its usage for approximation can appear in slightly more formal contexts when exact figures are not crucial. In very formal academic or business writing, alternatives like 〜程度 (teido) or 約 (yaku) might be preferred for approximations.

For approximating quantities and times, 〜くらい and 〜ぐらい are largely interchangeable in most casual conversations. Some speakers feel 〜くらい is slightly more informal or personal, while 〜ぐらい is more neutral. If you are unsure, 〜ぐらい is often a safe choice, but using 〜くらい in informal settings is perfectly natural.

While both can indicate degree, 〜ほど often emphasizes the intensity or the resulting consequence more strongly than 〜くらい. For example, 'I was so tired I couldn't stand' could be 立てないくらい疲れた (tsukareta kurai) or 立てないほど疲れた (hodo tsukareta). 〜ほど can also be used for comparisons like 'as much as me' (私ほど).

Yes, but often indirectly. You can't usually say 'interestingくらい'. Instead, you'd modify it to indicate the extent leading to that adjective, like 'so interesting that you get absorbed' (夢中になるくらい面白い - muchuu ni naru kurai omoshiroi). You can also use it with i-adjective stems followed by a comma, like 寒くくらいなら (samuku kurai nara - if it's just cold...).

〜くらいなら is a set phrase that means 'if it's to that extent (and it's undesirable), I'd rather...' or 'if I have to go that far...'. It expresses a preference for an alternative over a hypothetical, usually negative, situation. For example, 'If I have to wait this long, I'll just go home' (これだけ待つくらいなら、もう帰る - kore dake matsu kurai nara, mou kaeru).

The context is key. If 〜くらい follows a number, quantity, or time unit, it's usually approximation (e.g., 500円くらい - about 500 yen). If it follows a verb or adjective stem and describes a consequence or a strong condition, it's indicating extent (e.g., 泣きたいくらい悲しい - so sad I want to cry).

〜くらい is a particle. 〜くらいな is often used when 〜くらい modifies a noun, forming a phrase like 'about this much amount' (これくらいな量 - kore kurai na ryou). It functions similarly to 'about X' or 'an X-like' when describing a noun.

Yes, it can indicate a comparative degree. For example, 'He is about the same height as me' (彼は私くらいの身長です - kare wa watashi kurai no shinchou desu). It suggests 'similar to' or 'around the same level as'.

If precision is required, avoid 〜くらい. Use exact numbers or formal words for approximation like 約 (yaku - approximately), ちょうど (choudo - exactly), or 〜ぴったり (pittari - exactly).

Try describing everyday things: estimate the time it takes to get somewhere, the number of people at an event, or the intensity of your feelings. Use it in simple sentences and gradually try more complex structures. Practice with native speakers or language exchange partners.

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