B1 प्रश्न 1 min read मध्यम

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the `-mış` suffix plus the `mı` particle to ask about past events you didn't witness personally.

  • Add `-mış`, `-miş`, `-muş`, or `-müş` to the verb stem based on vowel harmony: `gəl` -> `gəlmiş`.
  • Attach personal endings before or after the question particle depending on the person: `gəlmişsənmi?`.
  • Use this for 'Have you...?' questions where the result is visible now: `yağış yağmışmı?` (Has it rained?).
Verb Stem + Suffix (-mış⁴) + [Personal Ending] + Particle (mı⁴) + ?

3. Conjugation of 'Oxumaq' (To Read) in Present Perfect Question

Person Verb Stem Suffix (-mış⁴) Personal Ending Question Particle
Mən (I)
oxu
muş
am
mı?
Sən (You)
oxu
muş
san
mı?
O (He/She/It)
oxu
muş
-
mu?
Biz (We)
oxu
muş
uq
mu?
Siz (You all)
oxu
muş
sunuz
mu?
Onlar (They)
oxu
muş
lar
mı?

Spoken/Informal Variations

Formal Informal/Spoken Meaning
Gəlmişsənmi?
Gəlmisən?
Have you come?
Oxumuşdurmu?
Oxuyub?
Has he read?
Getmişlərmi?
Gediblər?
Have they gone?

Meanings

The interrogative form of the Azerbaijani Indefinite Past (Nəqli keçmiş), used to ask about actions that happened in the past which the speaker did not witness, or to ask about life experiences.

1

Unwitnessed Events

Asking about something that happened when you weren't there, often based on hearsay or evidence.

“Qatar artıq getmişmi?”

“O, evə gəlmişmi?”

2

Life Experiences

Equivalent to the English 'Have you ever...?' construction.

“Sən heç Şuşada olmusanmı?”

“Siz bu yeməyi dadmısınızmı?”

3

Inferred Results

Asking about a past action because you see the result in the present.

“Pəncərəni sənmi sındırmısan?”

“Yemək bişmişmi?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Questions in Present Perfect (oxumuşmu?)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Question
Stem + mış⁴ + Pers + mı⁴
Yazmışsanmı? (Have you written?)
Negative Question
Stem + ma² + mış⁴ + Pers + mı⁴
Yazmamışsanmı? (Haven't you written?)
3rd Person (Formal)
Stem + mış⁴ + dur⁴ + mu⁴
Gəlmişdirmi? (Has he come?)
3rd Person (Common)
Stem + mış⁴ + mu⁴
Gəlmişmi? (Has he come?)
Short Answer (Yes)
Bəli / Hə
Bəli, oxumuşam.
Short Answer (No)
Xeyr / Yox
Xeyr, oxumamışam.

औपचारिकता का स्तर

औपचारिक
O, təşrif buyurmuşdurmu?

O, təşrif buyurmuşdurmu? (Arrival of a person)

तटस्थ
O, gəlmişmi?

O, gəlmişmi? (Arrival of a person)

अनौपचारिक
Gəlib?

Gəlib? (Arrival of a person)

बोलचाल
Çatıb o?

Çatıb o? (Arrival of a person)

The 'Reported' Past Question Map

-mış? Questions

Usage

  • Hearsay Someone told me
  • Inference I see the result

Harmony

  • a/ı -> mı baxmışmı
  • e/i -> mi getmişmi

Witnessed vs. Reported Questions

Witnessed (-dı)
Gördünmü? Did you see it (just now)?
Reported (-mış)
Görmüşsənmi? Have you (ever) seen it?

Choosing the Right Suffix

1

Did you see it happen?

YES
Use -dı
NO
Use -mış
2

Is it a life experience?

YES
Use -mış
NO
Check context

Vowel Harmony Grid

🍎

Group 1

  • a, ı -> -mış / mı
🍏

Group 2

  • e, i -> -miş / mi
🍊

Group 3

  • o, u -> -muş / mu
🍇

Group 4

  • ö, ü -> -müş / mü

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

Sən gəlmişsənmi?

Have you come?

2

O, yatmışmı?

Has he/she slept?

3

Yemək bişmişmi?

Is the food cooked?

4

Sən baxmısanmı?

Have you looked?

1

Heç nar yemisənmi?

Have you ever eaten pomegranate?

2

Onlar evə çatmışlarmı?

Have they reached home?

3

Sən bu kitabı oxumusanmı?

Have you read this book?

4

Yağış kəsmişmi?

Has the rain stopped?

1

Müdir iclasa gəlmişmi?

Has the manager come to the meeting?

2

Siz bu barədə eşitmisinizmi?

Have you heard about this?

3

Biletlər satılmışmı?

Have the tickets been sold?

4

O, hələ də oyanmamışmı?

Hasn't he woken up yet?

1

Sən demə, o, hər şeyi bilirmişmi?

As it turns out, did he know everything?

2

Layihə vaxtında tamamlanmışmı?

Was the project completed on time?

3

Onlar bizə xəbər vermişlərmi?

Had they informed us?

4

Bu qərar qəbul edilmişmi?

Has this decision been accepted?

1

Məgər sən bu həqiqəti dərk etməmişdinmi?

Had you not realized this truth?

2

Görəsən, o, öz səhvini anlamışmı?

I wonder, has he understood his mistake?

3

Əsər lazımi səviyyədə təhlil olunmuşmu?

Has the work been analyzed at the required level?

4

Xalq bu islahatları dəstəkləmişmi?

Did the people support these reforms?

1

Tarixin bu kəsiyində həmin hadisələr baş vermişmi?

Did those events occur in this period of history?

2

Müəllif öz fikrini oxucuya çatdıra bilmişmi?

Was the author able to convey his idea to the reader?

3

Siyasi konyunktura bu dəyişikliklərə yol açmışmı?

Did the political conjuncture pave the way for these changes?

4

Qədim əlyazmalar tam şəkildə bərpa edilmişmi?

Have the ancient manuscripts been fully restored?

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

Questions in Present Perfect (oxumuşmu?) बनाम Definite Past (-dı) vs. Indefinite Past (-mış)

Learners use -dı for everything because it's simpler, but it sounds too 'eyewitness' for experiences.

Questions in Present Perfect (oxumuşmu?) बनाम The -ıb suffix

In speech, -ıb is used as a shortcut for -mış, but it cannot take personal endings in the same way in questions.

Questions in Present Perfect (oxumuşmu?) बनाम Question Particle Placement

Learners put 'mı' before the personal ending like in Turkish.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Sən gəlmişmi?

Sən gəlmişsənmi?

Forgetting the personal ending for the 2nd person.

O baxmışmi?

O baxmışmı?

Vowel harmony error: 'a' requires 'ı'.

Sən yemişmi?

Sən yemisənmi?

Using the 3rd person form for the 2nd person.

Mən getmişmi?

Mən getmişəmmi?

Missing the 1st person suffix.

Yağış yağdı mı?

Yağış yağmış mı?

Using definite past when asking about an inferred result (wet ground).

Siz görmüşmü?

Siz görmüşsünüzmü?

Lack of plural agreement.

Onlar gəlmişmi?

Onlar gəlmişlərmi?

Missing the plural suffix '-lar'.

O gəlmişmi idi?

O gəlmişdimi?

Incorrect formation of the past perfect question.

Sən bunu eşitmişmi?

Sən bunu eşitmişsənmi?

Informal dropping of personal endings in the wrong context.

Məktub yazılmışmı?

Məktub yazılıbmı?

While 'yazılmışmı' is correct, 'yazılıbmı' is often more natural for passive results.

Sən gəlmişmişsənmi?

Sən gəlmişdinmi?

Over-complicating the 'reported' aspect.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

Sən heç ___ -mış/miş/muş/müş -san/sən -mı/mi/mu/mü?

O, ___ -mış/miş/muş/müş -mı/mi/mu/mü?

Siz ___ -mış/miş/muş/müş -sınız/siniz/sunuz/sünüz -mı/mi/mu/mü?

Niyə hələ də ___ -ma/mə -mış/miş/muş/müş -mı/mi/mu/mü?

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

Çatmışsan? (Have you arrived?)

Job Interview common

Siz əvvəllər bu sahədə çalışmısınızmı? (Have you worked in this field before?)

Ordering Food occasional

Sifarişim yola çıxmışmı? (Has my order been sent out?)

Travel / Tourism very common

Siz heç İçərişəhərdə olmusunuzmu? (Have you ever been to the Old City?)

Social Media very common

Yeni şəklimi görmüsünüzmü? (Have you seen my new photo?)

News Broadcast common

Prezident fərman imzalamışmı? (Has the President signed the decree?)

💡

The 'Heç' Trick

Always pair '-mışmı' with 'heç' to ask 'Have you ever...'. It makes you sound much more native.
⚠️

Avoid -dı for Rumors

If you are asking about a rumor you heard, never use '-dı'. It sounds like you were there, which might be confusing or suspicious.
🎯

The -ıb Shortcut

In fast speech, you'll hear 'Gəlib?' instead of 'Gəlmişmi?'. Use this with friends, but stick to '-mış' in writing.
💬

Polite Inquiries

When visiting someone, ask 'Yorulmamısınızmı?' (Haven't you gotten tired? - a common greeting) using this tense.

Smart Tips

Always add 'heç' (ever) to make the question sound natural.

Sən Londonda olmusanmı? Sən heç Londonda olmusanmı?

Use -mış to ask about the cause. It shows you are thinking about the connection.

Yemək bişdimi? Yemək bişmişmi?

Use the full '-mışsınızmı' form rather than the short '-mısız' spoken form.

Məktubu almısız? Məktubu almışsınızmı?

Look at the very last vowel of the verb stem. If it's 'o' or 'u', the suffix MUST be 'muş'.

Oxumışmı? Oxumuşmu?

उच्चारण

oxu-MUŞ-mu?

Question Intonation

The pitch rises on the syllable before the question particle 'mı'.

gəl-MİŞ-mi?

Suffix Stress

The stress usually falls on the tense suffix '-mış', not the question particle.

Rising Interrogative

Sən gəlmişsənmi? ↑

Standard question seeking information.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

MISH-MISH (like the apricot 'ərik' in some dialects) helps you ask about things you 'missed' seeing yourself.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a detective looking at a broken vase. He didn't see it break, so he asks 'Sındırmışmı?' (Has it broken?) while looking at the pieces.

Rhyme

A and I, use MISH and MI. E and I, use MISH and MI. O and U, use MUSH and MU. Ö and Ü, use MÜSH and MÜ.

Story

Leyla enters the kitchen and sees a cake missing. She didn't see her brother eat it, so she asks her mom: 'Qardaşım tortu yemişmi?' (Has my brother eaten the cake?). Her mom heard he did, so she says 'Bəli'.

Word Web

oxumuşmugetmişmigörmüşmüdurmuşmuyemişmiyazmışmı

चैलेंज

Look around your room. Find something that changed while you were away. Ask a question about it using `-mışmı`. Example: 'Toz yığılmışmı?' (Has dust gathered?)

सांस्कृतिक नोट्स

Using the '-mış' form when asking guests if they've eaten is considered more polite and less intrusive than the definite past.

Traditional stories always use '-mış'. Questions in stories follow this pattern to maintain the 'once upon a time' feel.

In some regions, the 'mı' particle is replaced by a sharp rise in tone at the end of the verb.

The '-mış' suffix is of ancient Turkic origin, found in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century).

बातचीत की शुरुआत

Heç xarici ölkədə olmusanmı?

Bu gün xəbərləri oxumusanmı?

Dostun sənə zəng etmişmi?

Siz heç Azərbaycan operasına baxmısınızmı?

डायरी विषय

Write about a time you heard a surprising rumor. Did you ask if it was true?
Describe your first visit to a new city. What had you heard about it before?
Imagine you are a detective. Write 5 questions to a witness about what they 'heard' happened.
Compare two movies you haven't seen yet but heard about. Ask your friend if they've seen them.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Incorrect

सही


Incorrect

सही


Incorrect

सही


Incorrect

सही

Test Yourself

Choose the correct question form for 'Have you (singular) seen?'. बहुविकल्पी

Sən ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: görmüşsənmi
'Sən' requires the '-san/sən' ending, and 'gör' requires 'ü' harmony.
Fill in the blank with the correct suffix and particle: 'O, Bakıya get___?'

O, Bakıya get___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mişmi
'Get' ends in 'e', so it needs '-miş' and 'mi'.
Correct the mistake: 'Siz heç nar yemişmi?' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Siz heç nar yemişmi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both A and B
The 2nd person plural requires '-siniz' or '-sinizmi'.
Put the words in order: (mı / sən / kitabı / oxumusan) Sentence Building

___ ___ ___ ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both A and B
Azerbaijani word order is flexible, but the subject usually comes first.
Match the English to the Azerbaijani. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Gəlmişmi, 2-Gəlmisənmi, 3-Gəlmişlərmi
Matching the personal endings correctly.
Complete the dialogue: A: Yerlər yaşdır. B: Yağış ___? Dialogue Completion

A: Yerlər yaşdır. B: Yağış ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yağmışmı
The ground is wet (result), so we infer it rained.
Which of these are correct -mış questions? Grammar Sorting

1. Getmişmi? 2. Baxmışmı? 3. Görmüşmü? 4. Durmuşmu?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
All follow 4-way vowel harmony correctly.
True or False: The -mış suffix is used for events you saw yourself. True False Rule

The -mış suffix is used for events you saw yourself.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is used for reported or inferred events.

Score: /8

अभ्यास प्रश्न

8 exercises
Choose the correct question form for 'Have you (singular) seen?'. बहुविकल्पी

Sən ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: görmüşsənmi
'Sən' requires the '-san/sən' ending, and 'gör' requires 'ü' harmony.
Fill in the blank with the correct suffix and particle: 'O, Bakıya get___?'

O, Bakıya get___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mişmi
'Get' ends in 'e', so it needs '-miş' and 'mi'.
Correct the mistake: 'Siz heç nar yemişmi?' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Siz heç nar yemişmi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both A and B
The 2nd person plural requires '-siniz' or '-sinizmi'.
Put the words in order: (mı / sən / kitabı / oxumusan) Sentence Building

___ ___ ___ ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both A and B
Azerbaijani word order is flexible, but the subject usually comes first.
Match the English to the Azerbaijani. Match Pairs

1. Has he come? 2. Have you come? 3. Have they come?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Gəlmişmi, 2-Gəlmisənmi, 3-Gəlmişlərmi
Matching the personal endings correctly.
Complete the dialogue: A: Yerlər yaşdır. B: Yağış ___? Dialogue Completion

A: Yerlər yaşdır. B: Yağış ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yağmışmı
The ground is wet (result), so we infer it rained.
Which of these are correct -mış questions? Grammar Sorting

1. Getmişmi? 2. Baxmışmı? 3. Görmüşmü? 4. Durmuşmu?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
All follow 4-way vowel harmony correctly.
True or False: The -mış suffix is used for events you saw yourself. True False Rule

The -mış suffix is used for events you saw yourself.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is used for reported or inferred events.

Score: /8

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)

`Gəldinmi?` asks about the specific moment of arrival (Did you come?). `Gəlmişsənmi?` asks about the state of having arrived (Have you come?).

Yes, in informal speech. `Gəlib?` is very common. But in formal writing or exams, use `Gəlmişmi?` or `Gəlmişdirmi?`.

Use the word `heç` followed by the `-mış` question. Example: `Heç kürü yemisənmi?`.

Yes, it follows 4-way vowel harmony: `a/ı -> mı`, `e/i -> mi`, `o/u -> mu`, `ö/ü -> mü`.

Usually no. `O gəlmişmi?` is enough. You can add `-dir` (`Gəlmişdirmi?`) for extra formality.

In spoken Azerbaijani, intonation often replaces the question particle, especially in informal settings.

No, this is strictly for the past. For the future, use the `-acaq` suffix.

Yes, very often. Journalists use it to report events they didn't witness personally. `Qəza baş vermişmi?` (Has an accident occurred?).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Pretérito Perfecto (¿Has comido?)

Spanish doesn't distinguish between witnessed and reported past in the verb ending.

French moderate

Passé Composé (As-tu mangé ?)

Azerbaijani is synthetic (suffixes), French is analytic (auxiliaries).

German moderate

Perfekt (Hast du gegessen?)

German uses 'haben/sein' as helpers; Azerbaijani uses vowel-harmonized suffixes.

Japanese high

~ta koto ga arimasu ka?

Japanese uses a separate phrase for experience, while Azerbaijani uses a tense suffix.

Arabic low

Hal + Qad + Past Verb

Arabic uses particles; Azerbaijani uses inflectional morphology.

Chinese moderate

Verb + guo + ma?

Chinese has no conjugation or vowel harmony.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!