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A1 noun 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

κόσμος

world, people

At the A1 level, 'κόσμος' is one of the first nouns you learn. You should focus on its two primary meanings: 'the world' and 'people.' At this stage, you use it in very simple sentences like 'The world is big' (Ο κόσμος είναι μεγάλος) or 'There are many people' (Έχει πολύ κόσμο). You will mostly use it in the nominative (subject) and accusative (object) cases. It's important to remember that it is a masculine noun (ο κόσμος). You will also learn the phrase 'όλος ο κόσμος' to mean 'everyone.' The goal at A1 is simply to recognize the word and use it to describe your surroundings or the volume of people in a place without worrying too much about complex grammar or philosophical depth.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'κόσμος' in more descriptive contexts. You might talk about traveling 'around the world' (σε όλο τον κόσμο) or describe a social event. You should be comfortable with the singular agreement (e.g., 'ο κόσμος ήταν χαρούμενος' - the people were happy). You will also start encountering common expressions like 'τι θα πει ο κόσμος' (what will people say). At this stage, you should distinguish between 'κόσμος' (people as a group) and 'άνθρωποι' (people as individuals). Your vocabulary starts to include adjectives that go with 'κόσμος,' like 'γνωστός' (famous/known to the world) or 'άγνωστος' (unknown).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

By B1, you are expected to use 'κόσμος' in more abstract and idiomatic ways. You will learn idioms like 'έγινε ο κόσμος άνω κάτω' (the world turned upside down/there was a big mess). You'll start using it in the genitive case (του κόσμου) to describe things like 'the people's' or 'the world's.' You might discuss global issues (τα προβλήματα του κόσμου). You'll also notice the word in compound forms or related words like 'κοσμοπολίτης' (cosmopolitan). At this level, you should be able to follow a news report about 'the international world' (ο διεθνής κόσμος) and understand that it refers to the global community and its politics.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B2 level, your understanding of 'κόσμος' becomes more sophisticated. You can use it to talk about different 'spheres' of life, such as 'ο επιχειρηματικός κόσμος' (the business world) or 'ο καλλιτεχνικός κόσμος' (the art world). You understand its etymological connection to 'order' and 'beauty,' which helps you understand more literary texts. You can participate in debates about 'the world we live in' and use the word to express complex social observations. You are also expected to handle more complex grammatical structures involving the word, such as using it in relative clauses or with sophisticated participles.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C1 level, you explore the philosophical and literary nuances of 'κόσμος.' You might read philosophical texts from ancient or modern Greece that discuss 'κοσμολογία' (cosmology) or the nature of the 'kosmos' as an ordered system. You can use the word in highly formal registers, such as academic writing or legal contexts (e.g., 'διεθνής έννομη τάξη' vs 'κόσμος'). You understand subtle shades of meaning in phrases like 'αποκομμένος από τον κόσμο' (cut off from the world/society). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the use of rare idioms and the ability to play with the word's double meaning for rhetorical effect.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'κόσμος.' You can analyze its use in Byzantine hymns, classical poetry, and modern slang with equal ease. You understand the deep psychological implications of 'κόσμος' in the Greek psyche—how it relates to honor, shame, and the public eye. You can discuss the word's evolution from the Homeric 'order of battle' to the Pythagorean 'universe' to the modern 'crowd.' You use the word with absolute precision in any context, from the most technical scientific discussion to the most nuanced literary critique, appreciating its role as a cornerstone of Greek thought.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

κόσμος 30 सेकंड में

Κόσμος means 'world' or 'universe' in a physical sense.
It is very commonly used to mean 'people' or 'crowd' in everyday speech.
It is a masculine singular noun, even when referring to a group of people.
The word originates from the idea of 'order' and 'beauty' (decoration).

The Greek word κόσμος (kosmos) is perhaps one of the most profound and multi-layered terms in the entire Greek lexicon. At its most basic level, taught to A1 students, it translates to 'the world' or 'the universe.' However, its usage in everyday Greek is far more frequent and nuanced than its English counterpart. When a Greek person enters a busy café and says, 'Έχει πολύ κόσμο' (Echi poli kosmo), they aren't saying 'There is a lot of world,' but rather 'There are a lot of people.' This shift from the macro-cosmic to the social is the first hurdle for learners. Historically, the word derives from the verb κοσμέω, meaning 'to arrange' or 'to adorn.' To the ancient Greek mind, the universe was not just a collection of matter, but an ordered, beautiful arrangement. This is the same root that gives us the English word 'cosmetics.' Thus, when you use κόσμος, you are tapping into a linguistic tradition that equates existence with order and beauty.

Physical Existence: Refers to the planet Earth or the entire universe. It encompasses everything that exists physically.

Social Collective: Refers to people, a crowd, or 'everyone.' This is the most common colloquial usage in modern Greece.

Decorative Order: Though less common in modern speech, it retains the sense of 'ornament' in specific ecclesiastical or poetic contexts.

Ο κόσμος είναι μικρός. (The world is small.)

Περιμένουμε πολύ κόσμο στο πάρτι. (We are expecting a lot of people at the party.)

Τι θα πει ο κόσμος; (What will people say? - A common social anxiety phrase.)

In a philosophical sense, κόσμος represents the opposite of χάος (chaos). While chaos is the state of unorganized matter, kosmos is the realization of structure. In modern Greece, you will hear this word in the street, in the news (διεθνής κόσμος - international world), and in the home. It is a word that connects the individual to the collective and the collective to the divine structure of the universe. For the A1 learner, mastering 'κόσμος' means moving beyond literal translation and seeing the world through a Greek lens where 'people' and 'world' are inextricably linked.

Using κόσμος correctly requires an understanding of Greek noun declension and context. As a masculine noun ending in -ος, it follows the standard second declension pattern. In the nominative case, it is 'ο κόσμος' (the world/people as a subject). In the accusative, which you will use after most verbs and prepositions, it becomes 'τον κόσμο.' For example, 'Βλέπω τον κόσμο' (I see the people/world). One of the most common errors for English speakers is trying to pluralize it to mean 'people.' In English, 'people' is plural, but in Greek, 'κόσμος' is a collective singular noun. You would say 'πολύς κόσμος' (much world/many people) using the singular masculine adjective 'πολύς,' not the plural 'πολλοί.'

Subject Position: Ο κόσμος αλλάζει συνεχώς. (The world is constantly changing.) Here, it acts as the agent of the verb.

Object Position: Αγαπώ όλο τον κόσμο. (I love the whole world/everyone.) Note the use of the accusative 'τον κόσμο'.

Ήρθε πολύς κόσμος στην έκθεση. (A lot of people came to the exhibition.)

Ταξιδεύω σε όλο τον κόσμο. (I travel all over the world.)

Furthermore, 'κόσμος' is used in many prepositional phrases that define location or state. 'Στον κόσμο' (in the world) is a staple. If you want to say someone is 'out of this world' (extraordinary), you might say 'εκτός κόσμου,' though Greeks more often use 'από άλλον πλανήτη' (from another planet). In literature, you might encounter the genitive 'του κόσμου' to denote possession or origin, such as 'τα καλά του κόσμου' (the goods of the world). Learning these patterns helps you transition from simple identification to fluent expression.

If you walk through the streets of Athens or Thessaloniki, you will hear κόσμος dozens of times a day. It is a 'high-frequency' word that appears in various social settings. In a commercial context, shopkeepers might complain, 'Δεν έχει κόσμο σήμερα' (There are no people/customers today). At a concert, the lead singer might shout, 'Γεια σου, κόσμε!' (Hello, world/people!), addressing the audience. It is also a staple of the news cycle; journalists often speak about 'η παγκόσμια κοινή γνώμη' (world public opinion) or 'ο τρίτος κόσμος' (the third world). In religious contexts, particularly during Orthodox liturgy, the word is used to refer to the secular world as opposed to the spiritual realm, often in the phrase 'του κόσμου τούτου' (of this world).

The Marketplace: Used to describe the volume of customers or foot traffic. 'Γεμάτο κόσμο' means 'packed with people.'

Social Commentary: Used to discuss societal trends. 'Ο κόσμος δεν ξέρει' (People don't know/The public is unaware).

Είχε τόσο κόσμο που δεν μπορούσαμε να κουνηθούμε. (There were so many people we couldn't move.)

Όλος ο κόσμος το ξέρει αυτό. (Everyone knows that.)

You will also hear it in the phrase 'ο έξω κόσμος' (the outside world), often used by people who have been isolated or are talking about stepping out of their immediate circle. In scientific documentaries, it refers to the 'σύμπαν' (universe), though 'κόσμος' feels more poetic and holistic. Even in sports, a commentator might say 'ο κόσμος της ομάδας' to refer to the team's fanbase. Its versatility makes it an essential tool for any learner trying to sound natural and integrated into Greek society.

The most frequent mistake learners make with κόσμος is treating it like the English word 'people' in terms of grammar. In English, 'people' is plural (The people are...). In Greek, 'κόσμος' is singular (Ο κόσμος είναι...). If you say 'Οι κόσμοι είναι πολλοί' to mean 'The people are many,' you are actually saying 'The worlds are many' (like in a science fiction context). Another common error is using the wrong adjective form. Since 'κόσμος' is masculine, you must use 'πολύς' (much) rather than 'πολλοί' (many). 'Πολύς κόσμος' is the correct way to say 'many people.' Beginners also often forget the accusative 'ν' in 'τον κόσμο,' which is vital for the flow of the sentence.

Pluralization Error: Mistake: 'Ο κόσμος είναι καλοί.' Correct: 'Ο κόσμος είναι καλός.' (The people/world is good.)

Adjective Agreement: Mistake: 'Πολλοί κόσμος.' Correct: 'Πολύς κόσμος.' (Many people.)

Λάθος: Οι κόσμοι περιμένουν. Σωστό: Ο κόσμος περιμένει. (Wrong: The worlds are waiting. Right: The people are waiting.)

Προσοχή: Μην λέτε 'πολλοί κόσμο'. Πείτε 'πολύ κόσμο'. (Attention: Don't say 'many world'. Say 'much world'.)

Another nuance is the difference between 'όλος ο κόσμος' (everyone/the whole world) and 'όλοι' (everyone). While they are often interchangeable, 'όλος ο κόσμος' carries more weight, implying a collective unity or a universal truth. 'Όλοι' is more functional. Finally, be careful with the phrase 'για όλο τον κόσμο.' Depending on context, it could mean 'for the whole world' or 'for everyone.' Misinterpreting this in a sentence like 'Αυτό το δώρο είναι για όλο τον κόσμο' could lead to confusion about whether you're giving a gift to humanity or to everyone in the room.

While κόσμος is the go-to word for 'world' and 'people,' Greek offers several alternatives depending on the specific meaning you want to convey. If you are talking about the physical 'Earth,' you might use 'η Γη.' If you are referring to the 'universe' in a scientific sense, 'το σύμπαν' is more precise. When talking about 'people' as individuals or as a population, 'άνθρωποι' (humans) or 'λαός' (the people/nation) are used. Understanding the boundaries between these words will elevate your Greek from functional to expressive. For instance, 'κόσμος' is informal and collective, while 'πολίτες' (citizens) is formal and political.

Κόσμος vs. Σύμπαν: 'Κόσμος' is the inhabited or perceived world; 'Σύμπαν' is the astronomical totality of space and time.

Κόσμος vs. Άνθρωποι: 'Κόσμος' refers to a crowd or 'everyone' as a mass; 'Άνθρωποι' refers to human beings as individuals.

Κόσμος vs. Λαός: 'Λαός' has a political or ethnic connotation (the people of a nation), whereas 'κόσμος' is socially neutral.

Το σύμπαν είναι αχανές. (The universe is vast.)

Οι άνθρωποι είναι περίεργοι. (People/Humans are curious.)

In more poetic or archaic settings, you might see 'υφήλιος,' which literally means 'under the sun' and is used to mean 'the whole world.' For 'humanity,' the word 'ανθρωπότητα' is the correct term. If you are describing a 'crowd' specifically, 'πλήθος' is a more formal alternative to 'πολύς κόσμος.' By mixing these synonyms, you can avoid repetition and sound more sophisticated. For example, instead of saying 'κόσμος' three times in a paragraph, you might switch to 'το κοινό' (the audience) or 'οι παρευρισκόμενοι' (those present).

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

तटस्थ

अनौपचारिक

Child friendly

बोलचाल

रोचक तथ्य

Pythagoras is said to have been the first to use the word 'kosmos' to refer to the 'universe,' because he saw the universe as a perfectly ordered system. This shifted the meaning from mere 'arrangement' to the 'totality of the world.'

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /ˈko.zmos/

US /ˈkoʊs.moʊs/

The stress is on the first syllable: ΚΌ-σμος.

तुकबंदी

νόμος (nomos - law) δρόμος (dromos - road) ώμος (omos - shoulder) τρόμος (tromos - terror) στόμος (stomos - mouth/opening) κόμπος (kompos - knot) θόλος (tholos - dome) πόνος (ponos - pain)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing the 's' too sharply like 'ss' instead of a soft 'z' sound before 'm'.
Stressing the second syllable (κο-ΣΜΟΣ).
Lengthening the vowels like 'koh-smohs'.
Dropping the final 's' in the nominative.
Confusing the 'o' (omicron) with an 'u' sound.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 1/5

Very easy to recognize due to its English cognate 'cosmos'.

लिखना 2/5

Requires attention to masculine declension and singular agreement.

बोलना 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires practice to use 'people' meaning correctly.

श्रवण 1/5

Very frequent word, easily identifiable in conversation.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

άνθρωπος πολύς όλος είναι εδώ

आगे सीखें

σύμπαν κοινωνία πολίτης χώρα ταξίδι

उन्नत

οντολογία κοσμοθεωρία υφήλιος κοσμικός κοσμοναύτης

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Masculine nouns in -ος

Ο κόσμος, του κόσμου, τον κόσμο.

Collective Nouns

Ο κόσμος (singular) = The people (plural in English).

Adjective Agreement with 'πολύς'

Πολύς κόσμος (Nominative), Πολύ κόσμο (Accusative).

Use of 'όλος' with definite article

Όλος ο κόσμος.

Preposition 'σε' + Definite Article

Στον κόσμο (σε + τον).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

Ο κόσμος είναι μεγάλος.

The world is big.

Subject (Nominative)

Έχει πολύ κόσμο εδώ.

There are many people here.

Object (Accusative) with 'πολύ'

Γεια σου, κόσμε!

Hello, world/people!

Vocative case

Όλος ο κόσμος το ξέρει.

Everyone knows it.

Phrase meaning 'everyone'

Αυτός ο κόσμος είναι όμορφος.

This world is beautiful.

Demonstrative pronoun agreement

Πού είναι ο κόσμος;

Where are the people?

Simple question

Μου αρέσει ο κόσμος.

I like people.

Subject of 'αρέσει'

Ο κόσμος γελάει.

The people are laughing.

Singular verb agreement

Ταξιδεύω σε όλο τον κόσμο.

I travel all over the world.

Prepositional phrase 'σε + accusative'

Δεν μου αρέσει ο πολύς κόσμος.

I don't like many people (crowds).

Adjective 'πολύς' in nominative

Τι θα πει ο κόσμος αν το κάνεις αυτό;

What will people say if you do that?

Common social idiom

Ήταν ένας άλλος κόσμος εκεί.

It was another world there.

Metaphorical usage

Ο κόσμος περιμένει στην ουρά.

The people are waiting in line.

Singular verb with collective noun

Είναι ο πιο γνωστός άνθρωπος στον κόσμο.

He is the most famous person in the world.

Superlative with 'στον κόσμο'

Θέλω να γνωρίσω τον κόσμο.

I want to know the world.

Accusative object

Ο κόσμος της μόδας είναι σκληρός.

The fashion world is tough.

Genitive 'της μόδας' modifying 'κόσμος'

Έγινε ο κόσμος άνω κάτω από την είδηση.

The world turned upside down from the news.

Idiom for chaos

Τα προβλήματα του κόσμου είναι πολλά.

The world's problems are many.

Genitive case 'του κόσμου'

Αισθάνομαι σαν να είμαι εκτός κόσμου.

I feel as if I am out of this world (isolated).

Phrase for isolation

Ο κόσμος δεν αλλάζει εύκολα.

The world/people don't change easily.

Abstract subject

Υπάρχει πολύς κόσμος που υποφέρει.

There are many people who suffer.

Relative clause 'που...'

Ο επιχειρηματικός κόσμος ανησυχεί.

The business world is worried.

Adjective 'επιχειρηματικός' modifying 'κόσμος'

Είναι ένας άνθρωπος του κόσμου.

He is a man of the world (sophisticated).

Idiom for a worldly person

Κάθε γωνιά του κόσμου έχει την ομορφιά της.

Every corner of the world has its beauty.

Genitive of location

Η ειρήνη στον κόσμο είναι το ζητούμενο.

World peace is what is sought.

Prepositional phrase as attribute

Ο καλλιτεχνικός κόσμος θρηνεί την απώλεια.

The artistic world mourns the loss.

Specific social sphere

Αυτά είναι τα καλά του κόσμου.

These are the good things in life/world.

Genitive plural neuter as object

Ο κόσμος έχει κουραστεί από τις υποσχέσεις.

The people have grown tired of promises.

Perfect tense agreement

Ζούμε σε έναν ψηφιακό κόσμο.

We live in a digital world.

Adjective 'ψηφιακό' in accusative

Η κοσμοθεωρία του είναι πολύ ιδιαίτερη.

His worldview is very special.

Compound word 'κοσμοθεωρία'

Ο κόσμος της επιστήμης προοδεύει.

The world of science is progressing.

Genitive defining the sphere

Δεν μπορείς να τους έχεις όλους ευχαριστημένους, ο κόσμος πάντα θα μιλάει.

You can't keep everyone happy; people will always talk.

Complex social observation

Η αρμονία του κόσμου βασίζεται στην ισορροπία.

The harmony of the world is based on balance.

Philosophical subject

Απομονώθηκε από τον υπόλοιπο κόσμο.

He isolated himself from the rest of the world.

Reflexive meaning with preposition

Ο κόσμος των ιδεών κατά τον Πλάτωνα.

The world of ideas according to Plato.

Academic/Philosophical context

Η κοσμοπολίτικη αύρα της πόλης είναι μοναδική.

The city's cosmopolitan aura is unique.

Adjective derivative 'κοσμοπολίτικη'

Παρά την κοσμοσυρροή, η οργάνωση ήταν άψογη.

Despite the massive crowd, the organization was flawless.

Compound noun 'κοσμοσυρροή'

Ο μικρόκοσμος του κυττάρου είναι εντυπωσιακός.

The microcosm of the cell is impressive.

Scientific compound

Διέπρεψε στον πνευματικό κόσμο της εποχής του.

He excelled in the intellectual world of his time.

Historical/Intellectual context

Η έννοια του κόσμου στην προσωκρατική φιλοσοφία.

The concept of 'kosmos' in pre-Socratic philosophy.

Abstract genitive

Η οντολογική θεώρηση του κόσμου ως ενιαίου συνόλου.

The ontological view of the world as a unified whole.

High-level academic structure

Ο κόσμος, ως κόσμημα της δημιουργίας, φθίνει.

The world, as the ornament of creation, is declining.

Poetic use of etymological root

Η κοσμογονία των αρχαίων λαών παρουσιάζει ομοιότητες.

The cosmogony of ancient peoples shows similarities.

Technical term 'κοσμογονία'

Είναι ένας άνθρωπος που δεν ανήκει σε αυτόν τον κόσμο.

He is a person who does not belong to this world.

Metaphysical/Spiritual context

Η παγκοσμιοποίηση επηρεάζει τον κόσμο της εργασίας.

Globalization affects the world of work.

Sociopolitical terminology

Η κοσμοείδωλο της σύγχρονης φυσικής.

The world-picture (view) of modern physics.

Rare philosophical compound

Ο κόσμος βοά για δικαιοσύνη.

The world/people are clamoring for justice.

Literary verb 'βοά'

Η διαλεκτική σχέση μεταξύ υποκειμένου και κόσμου.

The dialectical relationship between subject and world.

Philosophical terminology

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

πολύς κόσμος

όλος ο κόσμος

σε όλο τον κόσμο

έξω κόσμος

διεθνής κόσμος

καλλιτεχνικός κόσμος

τρίτος κόσμος

πνευματικός κόσμος

κόσμος και κοσμάκης

ένας άλλος κόσμος

सामान्य वाक्यांश

Τι θα πει ο κόσμος;

Για όλο τον κόσμο.

Ο κόσμος το 'χει τούμπανο.

Μακριά από τον κόσμο.

Ο κόσμος είναι μικρός.

Πολύς κόσμος, λίγα λόγια.

Μέσα στον κόσμο.

Χαμένος στον κόσμο του.

Κόσμε μου!

Δεν υπάρχει στον κόσμο.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

κόσμος vs κόσμημα

Kόσμημα means 'jewelry,' while κόσμος means 'world.' They share a root but have different meanings today.

κόσμος vs κοσμικός

This is the adjective. It can mean 'secular' or 'cosmic' or 'socialite.' Don't use the noun where the adjective is needed.

κόσμος vs άνθρωποι

Learners often use 'άνθρωποι' (people) when 'κόσμος' would be more idiomatic for a crowd.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"Έγινε ο κόσμος άνω κάτω."

The world turned upside down; total chaos ensued.

Όταν χάθηκαν τα κλειδιά, έγινε ο κόσμος άνω κάτω.

informal

"Χαλάει ο κόσμος."

The world is ending (used for loud noise or huge events).

Έξω χαλάει ο κόσμος από τη βροχή.

informal

"Για τον κόσμο."

Just for show; for appearance's sake.

Το έκανε μόνο για τον κόσμο, δεν το πίστευε.

neutral

"Ο κόσμος να χαλάσει."

No matter what happens; even if the world ends.

Θα είμαι εκεί, ο κόσμος να χαλάσει.

emphatic

"Από καταβολής κόσμου."

Since the beginning of the world/time.

Αυτό συμβαίνει από καταβολής κόσμου.

formal

"Είναι του κόσμου."

It belongs to the world (often used for public property).

Αυτός ο δρόμος είναι του κόσμου.

neutral

"Πήρε τον κόσμο σβάρνα."

To go everywhere; to visit everyone/everything in a hurry.

Έψαχνε τη γάτα του και πήρε τον κόσμο σβάρνα.

informal

"Δεν βλέπει κόσμο."

He doesn't see people (he is isolated or anti-social).

Μετά το ατύχημα, δεν βλέπει κόσμο.

neutral

"Κόσμος πάει, κόσμος έρχεται."

People coming and going (a busy place).

Στο αεροδρόμιο, κόσμος πάει, κόσμος έρχεται.

descriptive

"Του κόσμου τα καλά."

All the good things in the world.

Σου εύχομαι του κόσμου τα καλά.

affectionate

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

κόσμος vs χώρος

Sounds slightly similar to some learners.

Χώρος means 'space' or 'room,' while κόσμος is 'world'.

Δεν υπάρχει χώρος για τον κόσμο. (There is no space for the people.)

κόσμος vs κόμμα

Both start with 'κο-'.

Κόμμα means 'political party' or 'comma.'

Το κόμμα μιλάει στον κόσμο. (The party speaks to the people.)

κόσμος vs κοσμάκης

It is a diminutive of κόσμος.

It usually refers to 'the common folk' or 'poor people' with a hint of sympathy or condescension.

Τι θα γίνει με τον φτωχό κοσμάκη;

κόσμος vs σύμπαν

Synonyms for world/universe.

Σύμπαν is scientific; κόσμος is social/humanistic.

Το σύμπαν είναι άπειρο.

κόσμος vs γή

Synonyms for world.

Γή is the physical planet (soil/earth).

Η γη είναι στρογγυλή.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

Ο κόσμος είναι [adjective].

Ο κόσμος είναι μεγάλος.

Έχει [adjective] κόσμο.

Έχει πολύ κόσμο.

Σε όλο τον κόσμο.

Ταξιδεύω σε όλο τον κόσμο.

Τι θα πει ο κόσμος;

Αν δεν πας, τι θα πει ο κόσμος;

Ο [adjective] κόσμος.

Ο επιχειρηματικός κόσμος.

Κόσμος που [verb].

Κόσμος που περιμένει.

Τα καλά του κόσμου.

Απολαμβάνει τα καλά του κόσμου.

Αποκομμένος από τον κόσμο.

Ζει αποκομμένος από τον κόσμο.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

क्रिया

विशेषण

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Extremely high. It is in the top 100 most used Greek nouns.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using plural verbs with κόσμος. → Ο κόσμος είναι (singular).
Even though 'κόσμος' refers to many people, it is grammatically a single collective noun.
Saying 'πολλοί κόσμος'. → Πολύς κόσμος.
You must use the masculine singular adjective 'πολύς' to agree with the masculine singular noun 'κόσμος'.
Confusing 'κόσμος' with 'κόσμημα'. → Κόσμος = World, Κόσμημα = Jewelry.
While related etymologically, they are completely different words in modern Greek.
Using 'κόσμος' for individual people. → Υπάρχουν τρεις άνθρωποι (not τρεις κόσμοι).
You cannot count 'κόσμος' to refer to individuals. Use 'άνθρωποι' for specific numbers.
Omitting the article in 'όλος ο κόσμος'. → Όλος ο κόσμος.
In Greek, 'όλος' (all) requires the definite article before the noun it modifies.

सुझाव

Singular Agreement

Always keep your verbs and adjectives in the singular when using 'κόσμος' to mean people. Example: 'Ο κόσμος είναι ήσυχος' (The people are quiet).

The 'People' Shortcut

If you forget the word for 'everyone' (όλοι), just use 'όλος ο κόσμος.' It’s almost always correct and sounds very natural.

The Soft Z

In 'κόσμος', the 'σ' is followed by 'μ'. In Greek, 's' before 'm' is usually pronounced like a 'z'. Try saying 'KOZ-mos'.

Social Pressure

Understand that 'κόσμος' often carries the weight of 'society.' When Greeks talk about 'the world,' they are often thinking about their neighbors and community.

Accusative 'ν'

In the phrase 'τον κόσμο,' the 'ν' is always kept because the next word starts with 'κ'. This helps with the flow of speech.

Crowd vs. World

In a shop or café, 'κόσμος' always means customers/people. Don't look for a globe!

Small World

Use 'Ο κόσμος είναι μικρός' exactly like in English when you bump into a friend in an unexpected place.

Beauty in Order

Remember the link to 'cosmetics' to help you remember that 'kosmos' implies a beautiful, ordered system.

Watch for 'Πολύς'

When you hear 'πολύς' (masculine) instead of 'πολλή' (feminine), it's a clue that 'κόσμος' is coming next.

Spheres of Life

Use 'κόσμος' with adjectives like 'επιχειρηματικός' (business) or 'πολιτικός' (political) to describe specific social circles.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'COSMOS' (the universe) and 'COSMETICS' (beauty). The world is a beautiful, ordered arrangement of people.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a globe (world) that is actually made up of thousands of tiny people holding hands (people).

Word Web

Universe Earth People Order Beauty Everyone Society Crowd

चैलेंज

Try to use 'κόσμος' in three different ways today: once to describe the physical world, once to say 'everyone,' and once to describe a crowd.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Derived from the ancient Greek noun 'κόσμος' (kósmos). In the earliest Homeric Greek, it referred to 'order,' 'arrangement,' or 'discipline,' especially of an army.

मूल अर्थ: Order, arrangement, or ornament.

Indo-European (Hellenic branch).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful when using 'τρίτος κόσμος' (third world) as it can be seen as patronizing, similar to English usage.

English speakers often struggle with the singular grammar of 'κόσμος' when it means 'people.' In English, 'people' is plural, but in Greek, 'κόσμος' is a singular mass noun like 'the public'.

Carl Sagan's 'Cosmos' (directly uses the Greek word). The New Testament (uses 'kosmos' over 180 times). Constantine Cavafy's poetry often explores the 'world' of the city.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

At a Restaurant

Έχει πολύ κόσμο;
Πού είναι ο κόσμος;
Περιμένουμε κόσμο.
Ο κόσμος τρώει.

Traveling

Γύρω από τον κόσμο.
Σε όλο τον κόσμο.
Άλλος κόσμος.
Ο κόσμος εκεί είναι φιλικός.

News/Politics

Ο διεθνής κόσμος.
Η ειρήνη στον κόσμο.
Ο κόσμος της εργασίας.
Τι λέει ο κόσμος;

Social Events

Ήρθε πολύς κόσμος.
Γεμάτο κόσμο.
Όλος ο κόσμος ήταν εκεί.
Κόσμος και κοσμάκης.

Philosophy

Η αρχή του κόσμου.
Η τάξη του κόσμου.
Ο υλικός κόσμος.
Ο πνευματικός κόσμος.

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"Ποιο μέρος του κόσμου θέλεις να επισκεφτείς;"

"Πιστεύεις ότι ο κόσμος αλλάζει προς το καλύτερο;"

"Σου αρέσει όταν έχει πολύ κόσμο στα μαγαζιά;"

"Τι είναι το πιο όμορφο πράγμα στον κόσμο για σένα;"

"Πώς βλέπεις τον κόσμο μετά από δέκα χρόνια;"

डायरी विषय

Περιγράψτε μια στιγμή που νιώσατε ότι ο κόσμος είναι πολύ μικρός.

Τι θα κάνατε αν μπορούσατε να αλλάξετε ένα πράγμα στον κόσμο;

Γράψτε για μια εμπειρία σας σε ένα μέρος με πάρα πολύ κόσμο.

Ποια είναι η δική σας κοσμοθεωρία για την ευτυχία;

Πώς επηρεάζει ο 'έξω κόσμος' την καθημερινή σας διάθεση;

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, but in daily conversation, it often does. Context is key. If you are talking about a room being full, it means people. If you are talking about travel, it means the world.

It is masculine (ο κόσμος). Even though it can refer to a group of women or a mixed group, the grammatical gender remains masculine.

You say 'όλος ο κόσμος.' This literally means 'all the world,' but it is the standard way to say 'everyone' or 'all the people.'

Yes, 'κόσμοι' means 'worlds.' You would use it in science fiction (parallel worlds) or philosophy, but never to mean 'groups of people.'

'Κόσμος' is a collective mass (the crowd/everyone). 'Άνθρωποι' refers to individuals or humans as a species. Use 'κόσμος' for volume and 'άνθρωποι' for characteristics.

Yes! Both come from the Greek root meaning 'order' or 'to adorn.' A 'cosmetic' adorns the face, and the 'cosmos' is the adorned/ordered universe.

Use 'πολύς κόσμος.' Remember that 'πολύς' is the masculine singular adjective. In the accusative, it becomes 'πολύ κόσμο'.

Greek treats 'κόσμος' as a single collective unit, much like the English word 'public' or 'audience.' Therefore, the verb must be singular.

It is an archaic or highly affectionate way of saying 'my world.' You might hear a grandmother say it to her grandchild.

Probably 'τι θα πει ο κόσμος;' (what will people say?), which highlights the importance of social reputation in Greek culture.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें