अंग्रेजी बहुवचन संज्ञाएँ: एक से अनेक (-s, -es, -ies)
s, es, या ies लगाओ!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To talk about more than one thing in English, we usually add -s, -es, or -ies to the end of the noun.
- Add -s to most words: One book → two books.
- Add -es to words ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh: One bus → two buses.
- Change -y to -ies if a consonant comes before it: One baby → two babies.
Overview
shoe type kar diya? Thoda akela feel hota hai na? English mein, kisi bhi cheez ka ek hona usually theek hai, lekin life tab behtar hoti hai jab cheezein zyada hon.followers hon, burgers hon, ya vacations hon, tumhe pata hona chahiye ki ek ko anek mein kaise badlana hai. Ye plural forms ka magic hai. Zyada tar waqt, tum bas end mein ek s laga dete ho aur kaam khatam.es ki zaroorat hoti hai, aur dusri baar tumhe y ko nikal kar ies ko party mein invite karna padta hai. Ise sahi se karne par tum ek pro ki tarah sound karte ho, chahe tum apne group chat mein text kar rahe ho ya kisi professor ko formal email likh rahe ho.friend hai (udaas) aur tumhare bohot saare friends hain (awesome). Chinta mat karo, ek baar pattern samajh aa jaye toh rules kaafi logical hain. Ye basically endings match karne wale game jaisa hai.appendices they.How This Grammar Works
ek version ko singular kehte hain. Ek se zyada wale version ko plural kehte hain. Kuch languages ke vipreet jahan poora sentence badal jaata hai, English mein usually bas noun badalta hai.-s lete hain. Example ke liye, tumhara phone ban jaata hai phones.s add karo. bus-s ko tezi se bolne ki koshish karo.s, x, z, ch, ya sh par khatam hone wale words mein -es add karte hain. Ye ek extra syllable add karta hai jo word ko sunne mein aasaan banata hai.y wali situation hai. Agar koi word consonant plus y par khatam hota hai, jaise city, toh y thoda akela hai. Woh chala jaata hai, aur -ies uski jagah le leta hai.y se pehle koi vowel hai, jaise boy mein, toh y wahi rehta hai aur bas ek s leta hai. Ise aise socho ki y apne vowel dost dwara protected hai. Ye ek bohot hi social grammar point hai!
Formation Pattern
-s add karo.
book → books
student → students
laptop → laptops
s, x, z, ch, ya sh par khatam hone wale nouns ke liye: End mein -es add karo. Ye ek extra iz sound create karta hai.
bus → buses
box → boxes
match → matches
dish → dishes
buzz → buzzes
y par khatam hone wale nouns ke liye: y ko i mein badlo aur -es add karo (-ies banate hue).
party → parties
fly → flies
story → stories
y par khatam hone wale nouns ke liye: Bas -s add karo. y wahi rehta hai!
day → days
key → keys
play → plays
cats | billiyan
buses | basein
babies | bachche
toys | khilone
When To Use It
fry nahi chahiye hoti, tumhe fries chahiye hoti hain.friends ke messages dekh rahe hote ho. Agar tum ek gamer ho, toh tum points ya items collect kar rahe ho. University setting mein, tum classes, assignments, aur exams manage kar rahe ho.likes, comments, aur shares count karte ho. Yahan tak ki jab tum travel kar rahe hote ho, toh tum hotels ya beaches dhoondh rahe hote ho.Mere paas ek sibling hai jabki asal mein tumhare paanch hain. Ye toh bohot saare birthday presents miss hone wali baat ho gayi.clothes ke dher ko describe kar rahe ho ya aasmaan mein stars ko, plurals tumhare best friends hain.taxes ke mamle mein.
Common Mistakes
- The Y Trap: Bohot se log har
ykoiesmein badal dete hain. Yaad rakho:boybanata haiboys, na kiboies.yko tabhi badlo agar usse pehle koi consonant (jaiset,r,l) ho. - Missing the -es:
busesyaboxesjaise words meinebhool jana.bus'slikhna possession ke liye hai, aurbusstoh... khair, koi standard plural nahi hai. - The Apostrophe Error: Ye ek bohot badi galti hai! Plural banane ke liye kabhi bhi apostrophe ( ' ) ka use mat karo.
Apple'ska matlab hai kuch apple ka hai.Appleska matlab hai ek se zyada apple. - Pronunciation: Kabhi-kabhi log
-eske liye extra syllable pronounce karna bhool jaate hain.Buseskobus-izsound karna chahiye, na ki sirf ek lambassound. - Over-pluralizing: English mein kuch words
snahi lete (jaiseinformationyawater), lekin abhi ke liye, bas un par focus karo jo lete hain! - ✗
I have two toyies.→ ✓I have two toys.(Vowel + y rule) - ✗
She has three boxs.→ ✓She has three boxes.(Ends in x rule) - ✗
Look at the puppy's!→ ✓Look at the puppies!(Plurals ke liye koi apostrophe nahi!)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
-s ko English ke doosre s endings ke saath confuse karna aasaan hai. Pehla, Possessive 's hai. Ye ownership dikhata hai.my friend's house kehte ho, toh iska matlab hai ghar ek dost ka hai. Agar tum my friends kehte ho, toh iska matlab hai tumhare bohot saare dost hain. Doosra, verbs mein Third Person Singular hai.he plays kehte hain, toh hum verb mein s add kar rahe hain, noun mein nahi. Ye same dikhta hai, lekin kaam alag hai. Nouns quantity dikhane ke liye s use karte hain; verbs subject se match karne ke liye s use karte hain.man ban jaate hain men ya child ban jaata hai children. Ye hamare -s/-es/-ies rules ko bilkul follow nahi karte.bottles ho sakti hain, lekin tumhare paas bas water hota hai.waters nahi kehte (usually). Regular rules ko pehle samajhna tumhe ek solid foundation deta hai taaki tum baad mein rebels ko aasaani se pehchaan sako! Ye race car chalane se pehle sadak ke niyam seekhne jaisa hai.Quick FAQ
Kya y par khatam hone wala har word ies ban jaata hai?
Nahi! Sirf tab jab y se pehle koi consonant aata hai. Agar koi vowel (a, e, i, o, u) hai, toh bas s add karo.
Hum sirf -s ke bajaye -es kyun add karte hain?
Ye sab sound ke baare mein hai! sh ya ch ke baad turant s bolna bohot mushkil hai. e humein thodi saans lene ki jagah deta hai.
Agar word ajeeb hai toh kya main plurals ke liye apostrophe use kar sakta hoon?
Nahi. Kabhi nahi. Apostrophes possession ya contractions (jaise it's) ke liye hote hain, cheezon ko plural banane ke liye nahi.
Ye stories hai ya storys?
Ye stories hai kyunki r ek consonant hai. Agar tum blog likh rahe ho, toh make sure karo ki tum apni stories sahi likho!
Kya aise koi words hain jo bilkul nahi badalte?
Haan, jaise sheep ya fish, lekin woh irregular hain. A1 level ke liye, pehle -s, -es, aur -ies patterns par focus karo!
o par khatam hone wale words ka kya?
Badhiya sawaal! Kuch s lete hain (photos) aur kuch es lete hain (tomatoes). Hum inhe ek alag lesson mein cover karenge, lekin modern tech words ke liye -s usually ek safe bet hai!
Mujhe kaise pata chalega ki mujhe -ies use karna chahiye?
y se pehle wale letter ko dekho. Agar ye consonant hai, toh ise badal do! Agar ye vowel hai, toh y ko rakh lo.
Kya mujhe plurals ko capitalize karne ki zaroorat hai?
Sirf tab jab singular noun pehle se capitalized tha, jaise Saturdays ya Americans.
Regular Plural Formation Rules
| Ending Type | Rule | Singular Example | Plural Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Most Nouns
|
Add -s
|
Car
|
Cars
|
|
Ends in -s, -ss
|
Add -es
|
Bus / Glass
|
Buses / Glasses
|
|
Ends in -sh, -ch
|
Add -es
|
Brush / Watch
|
Brushes / Watches
|
|
Ends in -x, -z
|
Add -es
|
Box / Quiz
|
Boxes / Quizzes
|
|
Consonant + y
|
Change y to -ies
|
City
|
Cities
|
|
Vowel + y
|
Add -s
|
Toy
|
Toys
|
Meanings
Plural nouns are used to indicate that there is more than one of a person, place, thing, or idea.
Standard Plural
The most common way to show plurality by adding a simple -s suffix.
“The cars are fast.”
“She has five pens.”
The 'Hissing' Plural
Adding -es to words that end in sounds that are hard to follow with a simple 's'.
“The boxes are heavy.”
“I watched three matches.”
The 'Y' Transformation
Replacing 'y' with 'ies' when the 'y' follows a consonant.
“The babies are sleeping.”
“There are many flies in the kitchen.”
Reference Table
| अंत की आवाज़/अक्षर | नियम | उदाहरण (एकवचन) | उदाहरण (बहुवचन) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ज़्यादातर नाउन
|
-s जोड़ें
|
book
|
books
|
|
s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर खत्म होने वाले
|
-es जोड़ें
|
bus
|
buses
|
|
y (व्यंजन के बाद)
|
y को -ies में बदलें
|
city
|
cities
|
|
y (स्वर के बाद)
|
-s जोड़ें
|
boy
|
boys
|
|
o (कुछ शब्द)
|
-es जोड़ें (अक्सर)
|
tomato
|
tomatoes
|
|
f, fe (कुछ शब्द)
|
f/fe को ves में बदलें
|
leaf
|
leaves
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
Would it be possible to have two bags, please? (At a store)
Can I have two bags? (At a store)
Two bags, please. (At a store)
Gimme two bags. (At a store)
इंग्लिश प्लूरल नाउन: रेगुलर फॉर्म
-s जोड़ो (ज़्यादातर नाउन)
- cat cats
- book books
- apple apples
-es जोड़ो (कुछ खास एंडिंग)
- bus buses
- dish dishes
- box boxes
-y को -ies में बदलो (व्यंजन + y)
- baby babies
- city cities
- party parties
-s जोड़ो (स्वर + y)
- boy boys
- day days
- key keys
प्लूरल नाउन एंडिंग: -s बनाम -es बनाम -ies
नाउन को प्लूरल कैसे बनाएं (रेगुलर)
क्या नाउन -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, या -z पर खत्म होता है?
क्या नाउन -y पर खत्म होता है?
क्या -y से पहले का अक्षर व्यंजन है?
प्लूरल पावर-अप्स!
बस -s जोड़ो
- • phone -> phones
- • cup -> cups
- • door -> doors
- • game -> games
-es जोड़ो
- • brush -> brushes
- • fox -> foxes
- • beach -> beaches
- • glass -> glasses
-ies में बदलो
- • cherry -> cherries
- • family -> families
- • penny -> pennies
- • diary -> diaries
स्वर + y = -s
- • monkey -> monkeys
- • play -> plays
- • journey -> journeys
- • valley -> valleys
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I have two cats.
I have two cats.
The buses are red.
The buses are red.
Three babies are here.
Three babies are here.
I like apples.
I like apples.
She needs four boxes for the books.
She needs four boxes for the books.
There are many parties this weekend.
There are many parties this weekend.
He buys two newspapers every day.
He buys two newspapers every day.
The cities in this country are beautiful.
The cities in this country are beautiful.
The company manages several properties in London.
The company manages several properties in London.
We need to wash all the dishes after dinner.
We need to wash all the dishes after dinner.
The scientists discovered new species of flies.
The scientists discovered new species of flies.
How many countries have you visited?
How many countries have you visited?
The witnesses provided conflicting stories about the accident.
The witnesses provided conflicting stories about the accident.
Our agency handles various duties for the government.
Our agency handles various duties for the government.
The sandwiches were prepared with fresh ingredients.
The sandwiches were prepared with fresh ingredients.
Many industries are moving toward automation.
Many industries are moving toward automation.
The complexities of the tax system are overwhelming.
The complexities of the tax system are overwhelming.
The archives contain documents from the 18th century.
The archives contain documents from the 18th century.
Social hierarchies often dictate interpersonal interactions.
Social hierarchies often dictate interpersonal interactions.
The sketches revealed the artist's initial vision.
The sketches revealed the artist's initial vision.
The idiosyncrasies of the local dialect are fascinating.
The idiosyncrasies of the local dialect are fascinating.
The discrepancies in the financial reports were alarming.
The discrepancies in the financial reports were alarming.
The marshes provide a unique habitat for migratory birds.
The marshes provide a unique habitat for migratory birds.
The fallacies in his argument were quickly exposed.
The fallacies in his argument were quickly exposed.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both often end in 's', leading to confusion in writing.
Learners try to change every 'y' to 'ies'.
Learners try to pluralize words that don't have a plural form.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
two citys
two cities
three bus
three buses
the cats is
the cats are
five boyes
five boys
many dishs
many dishes
the boxs
the boxes
two flys
two flies
the story's are good
the stories are good
the complexitiys
the complexities
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I have two ___.
There are many ___ in the room.
The ___ are very beautiful.
Do you like ___?
Real World Usage
Sending the pics now! 📸
Can I get two orders of fries?
I have many years of experience in different industries.
Where are the buses for the airport?
Check out my latest stories!
Are these dresses on sale?
आवाज पर ध्यान दो!
-es लगाते हो, तो अक्सर एक नई आवाज़ आती है (जैसे bus-es में)। अगर सिर्फ «-s» लगाने से शब्द अजीब लगे, तो -es सही जवाब है। अपने कानों पर भरोसा करो! The buses are here.
'y' के नियम मत भूलो!
y वाले शब्दों में -ies कब लगाना है और कब सिर्फ «-s», इसमें अक्सर लोग उलझ जाते हैं। याद रखो: व्यंजन + y = -ies (जैसे baby -> babies), लेकिन स्वर + y = -s (जैसे day -> days)। यह एक आम गलती है! My baby has many toys.
फ्लैशकार्ड्स से अभ्यास करो!
These are my flashcards.
संदर्भ सबसे ज़रूरी है
I want two apples.
नेटफ्लिक्स सबटाइटल पढ़ो!
The shows have good stories.
Smart Tips
Check the neighbor! If the neighbor is a consonant, 'y' becomes 'ies'. If it's a vowel, 'y' stays.
Make sure you add an extra 'iz' sound at the end. Don't rush it!
Never use an apostrophe (') unless you are talking about ownership.
Always look ahead. If the noun is plural, you MUST use 'there are'.
उच्चारण
The /s/ sound
Used after voiceless sounds like p, t, k, f.
The /z/ sound
Used after voiced sounds like b, d, g, v, and all vowels.
The /ɪz/ sound
Used after s, x, z, ch, sh. This adds an extra syllable.
Plural List Rising
I need apples ↗, oranges ↗, and bananas ↘.
Shows you are listing multiple items.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
S, X, CH, SH need an ES to be the best! If it's a Y after a B, C, or D, change it to IES for me!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a snake (S) and a box (X) sitting on a bench (CH) in the bush (SH). They all need an 'Extra Snack' (ES) because they are so loud!
Rhyme
When a word ends in Y, and a consonant is nearby, change the Y to an I, and add ES to the sky!
Story
A little 'y' was lonely at a party. A consonant friend came over, and the 'y' got so excited it turned into an 'i' and invited 'es' to join them. But when a vowel friend came over, the 'y' stayed the same and just invited 's' to stand next to them.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look around your room. Find 5 different objects. Say the name of the object, then say how many there would be if you had two of them (e.g., 'One lamp, two lamps').
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
Using plurals correctly is a sign of basic literacy. In many English-speaking cultures, omitting the plural 's' can make a speaker sound very uneducated or like a non-native beginner.
In some dialects like AAVE, the plural -s is sometimes omitted if a number is already present, as the number already indicates plurality.
In some northern UK dialects, you might hear 'ten pound' instead of 'ten pounds' when talking about money.
The -s plural comes from the Old English masculine nominative plural ending '-as'.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
How many brothers and sisters do you have?
What things are in your bag right now?
Which cities do you want to visit?
What are your favorite hobbies?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
I have two new `___` for my online classes.
Find and fix the mistake:
She cleaned all the dishs after dinner.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesI have three ___ (cat).
The ___ are in the kitchen.
Find and fix the mistake:
There are many citys in the world.
The boy has a toy.
Sort these words: Book, Box, Baby, Watch
We change 'y' to 'ies' for the word 'Day'.
1. Party, 2. Glass, 3. Key
A: Do you have any ___ (wish)? B: Yes, I have many!
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesMy cat loves to chase `___`.
I saw two beautiful butterflys in the garden.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Tengo tres relojes.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the singular nouns with their correct plural forms:
My neighbor has two friendly `___`.
Choose the correct sentence:
The babyes are sleeping quietly.
Translate into English: 'Ella tiene muchas ideas.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
I need to buy two `___` of bread.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /13
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
It's about sound! Words ending in 'hissing' sounds like s, x, ch, and sh need the extra 'e' to make the plural sound clear and easy to say.
Because there is a vowel ('o') before the 'y'. We only change 'y' to 'ies' if there is a consonant before it.
Yes! Some words like `sheep`, `fish`, and `deer` are the same in singular and plural. These are called irregular nouns.
Yes! In words like `buses` or `watches`, the `-es` is pronounced like 'iz', adding a second syllable to the word.
Yes. For proper names, we usually just add 's'. For example, 'The Kennedys' or 'There are two Marys in my class.'
It's `quizzes`. Note that we double the 'z' before adding '-es'!
Yes, but it's irregular. It doesn't follow the -s rule. You will learn those in the next lesson!
No. In English, adjectives never change. We say 'red apple' and 'red apples'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
-s / -es
In Spanish, adjectives must also be pluralized (e.g., 'los gatos negros'), whereas in English, adjectives never change.
-s
In spoken French, the -s is usually silent. You only know it's plural because of the article (le vs les).
Various (-e, -en, -er, -s)
English is much simpler because it mostly uses just one suffix (-s).
None
Japanese uses 'counters' or context instead of changing the noun ending.
Sound plurals and Broken plurals
English regular plurals are much more predictable than Arabic broken plurals.
None / -men (for people)
Chinese uses measure words and numbers but leaves the noun in its singular form.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
09:58 How We Make Money on YouTube with 20M Subs
09:42 570 English Words You'll Use Every Day - Basic Vocabulary #97
05:23 Why don't we send our trash to space? - Jim Bentley and Imogen Ellen Napper
English Articles - 3 Simple Rules To Fix Common Grammar Mistakes & Errors
mmmEnglish
The 8 Parts of Speech in English Grammar (+ Free PDF & Quiz)
English with Lucy
English Grammar: Articles + Noun
Shaw English Online
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