C1 verb #4,000 सबसे आम 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

accuse

To accuse means to say someone did something wrong. You tell others that this person is bad. It is like pointing a finger and saying, "You did it!" This word is for when you think someone made a mistake or broke a rule. It's a serious word, often used about big problems.

To accuse someone means you say they did something wrong, like a crime. It's usually a serious statement. You might accuse someone if you think they stole something or broke a rule. When you accuse someone, you are pointing out that you believe they are responsible for a bad action. This often means there needs to be more looking into the situation to see if it's true.

To accuse someone means you're saying they did something wrong, like a crime or a mistake. It's more than just thinking it; you are actually stating it, often directly to them or to others. This usually suggests that there might be a need to look into it more to see if it's true. So, when you accuse someone, you are making a serious claim about their actions that often needs to be proven.

When you accuse someone, you are formally asserting that they are responsible for an offense or wrongdoing. This isn't merely a suspicion; it's a direct charge that demands a response or defense. The act of accusation often initiates a process where evidence is presented to substantiate or refute the claim. It carries a significant weight, as it can have serious implications for the person being accused, potentially leading to legal proceedings or reputational damage. Therefore, an accusation is a grave statement, not to be made lightly, implying a clear and direct attribution of fault or crime.

§ Understanding the Verb "Accuse"

The verb "accuse" is a significant term in both formal and informal contexts, carrying the weight of assigning responsibility, often for something negative. It's a word that can escalate a situation, demand clarification, and often initiate a process of defense or investigation. Understanding its nuances is key to effective communication, especially in legal, journalistic, or even personal interactions.

DEFINITION
To officially or formally state that someone has committed a crime or is responsible for a misdeed. It often implies a specific allegation that requires further investigation or proof.

At its core, to "accuse" someone means to declare that they are at fault for something. This declaration isn't just a casual observation; it typically carries a degree of seriousness and an expectation that the accusation will be addressed. The nature of the accusation can range from minor personal transgressions to serious criminal offenses, but the act of accusing always involves pointing a finger of blame.

§ When Do People Use "Accuse"?

People use "accuse" in a variety of situations, often dictated by the formality of the context and the severity of the alleged wrongdoing. Here are some common scenarios:

  • Legal Contexts: This is perhaps the most formal and widely understood use of "accuse." In legal proceedings, to accuse someone means to formally charge them with a crime. This process is highly structured, involving evidence, legal counsel, and judicial oversight. The accusation here is a foundational step in the justice system.

The district attorney decided to accuse the suspect of grand theft after reviewing the compelling evidence.

  • Journalism and Reporting: Journalists often use "accuse" when reporting on allegations made by individuals, organizations, or official bodies. It's crucial for journalists to use this word carefully, often attributing the accusation to its source to maintain objectivity and avoid presenting an allegation as a fact.

Several former employees have come forward to accuse the CEO of workplace harassment.

  • Interpersonal Relationships: In personal interactions, "accuse" can be used when one person blames another for a mistake, a hurtful act, or a broken promise. While less formal than legal or journalistic uses, these accusations can still be serious and impactful, often leading to conflict or a need for resolution.

She felt hurt when he tried to accuse her of intentionally losing his keys, even though it was an accident.

  • Public Discourse and Politics: In political debates or public discussions, individuals or groups might accuse opponents of various wrongdoings, ranging from incompetence to corruption. These accusations are often strategic, aimed at discrediting or challenging the credibility of others.

The opposition party continued to accuse the government of failing to address the rising cost of living.

The act of accusing often sets in motion a need for response. The accused party typically has the opportunity to defend themselves, deny the accusation, or offer an explanation. This dynamic makes "accuse" a powerful verb that can profoundly impact relationships, reputations, and legal outcomes. It highlights the importance of evidence, fairness, and due process in various aspects of life.

In summary, "accuse" is a verb that signifies the formal or informal attribution of blame for a wrongdoing. Its usage spans a wide range of contexts, from the highly structured legal system to the complexities of personal interactions. Regardless of the setting, an accusation demands attention and often triggers a need for investigation, defense, or reconciliation, making it a word with considerable communicative power.

§ Understanding the Grammar of "Accuse"

The verb "accuse" is typically used transitively, meaning it takes a direct object. This object is the person being blamed for something. The structure usually follows: Subject + accuse + Object (person) + of + Noun/Gerund.

The police accused him of theft.

She accused her colleague of lying.

§ Key Prepositions with "Accuse"

The most common and crucial preposition used with "accuse" is "of". This preposition introduces the crime, misdeed, or wrongdoing for which someone is being blamed.

Preposition: Of
Used to specify the charge or wrongdoing.

He was accused of corruption.

The newspaper accused the minister of misleading the public.

§ Common Sentence Structures with "Accuse"

  • Passive Voice: "Accuse" is very frequently used in the passive voice, especially in formal contexts like legal proceedings or news reporting.

    He was accused of fraud.

    The company has been accused of polluting the river.

  • With a clause: While less common than using "of + noun/gerund," you can also use a 'that' clause to state the accusation, though this construction often feels more indirect.

    She accused him that he had stolen her idea.

  • Without a specified crime (implying context): Sometimes, if the context is clear, the crime or misdeed might be omitted, but this is less frequent in formal English.

    During the debate, the candidates began to accuse each other.

§ Nuances and Collocations

"Accuse" carries a strong implication of wrongdoing and often leads to an investigation or defense. It's not a casual blame. Consider these common collocations:

  • Falsely accuse: To blame someone for something they did not do.

    He was falsely accused of assault.

  • Accuse publicly/privately: To specify the manner of accusation.

    She decided to publicly accuse her former boss of harassment.

  • Accuse someone of a crime/offense/misconduct: Common nouns that follow "of."

    The manager was accused of professional misconduct.

§ Introduction

The word "accuse" is a verb that carries significant weight, implying a formal or official statement that someone has committed a crime or is responsible for a misdeed. It suggests an allegation that often necessitates further investigation or proof. Due to its serious nature, you'll find "accuse" appearing in contexts where accountability, justice, and legal proceedings are central. This section explores the common environments where you are likely to encounter this C1-level vocabulary word.

§ In Legal and Judicial Settings

Unsurprisingly, the legal and judicial world is perhaps the most frequent domain where "accuse" is used. From courtrooms to police stations, and in legal documents, the act of accusing someone is a fundamental step in the justice system. It's the starting point for many legal processes, leading to investigations, trials, and potential convictions. Understanding its usage here is crucial for anyone engaging with legal news or discussions.

Context
Court proceedings, police reports, legal news.

The prosecution decided to accuse the suspect of grand theft auto after reviewing the evidence.

She had to deny the allegations after her former colleague tried to accuse her of professional misconduct.

§ In News and Journalism

Journalists frequently use "accuse" to report on legal actions, political disputes, and social issues where individuals or groups are blamed for wrongdoing. News articles, particularly those covering crime, politics, or scandals, will often feature this word prominently. It's a key term for conveying the initiation of serious allegations without necessarily confirming their truth, maintaining journalistic neutrality.

Context
Newspaper headlines, investigative reports, political commentary.

The opposition party continued to accuse the government of corruption in its latest press conference.

Human rights organizations often accuse certain regimes of egregious violations.

§ In Workplace and Professional Environments

While hopefully less frequent than in legal contexts, "accuse" can appear in professional settings when serious misconduct is alleged. This might include accusations of harassment, fraud, or unethical behavior. These situations often trigger formal investigations or disciplinary actions within an organization.

Context
Human resources complaints, internal investigations, professional ethics discussions.

An employee felt compelled to accuse their manager of bullying, initiating an HR investigation.

The board had to accuse the former CEO of financial mismanagement following an audit.

§ In Everyday Conversation (with caution)

While "accuse" is primarily used in more formal settings, it can appear in everyday conversations, though often with a slightly less formal or legalistic connotation. Here, it usually refers to blaming someone for a fault or minor wrongdoing, and can sometimes imply a misunderstanding or a perceived unfairness.

Context
Disagreements among friends, family discussions, expressing frustration.

"Don't accuse me of eating all the cookies! I only had one."

He was quick to accuse his brother of losing his keys, but they were in his own pocket.

§ Conclusion

The word "accuse" is a powerful verb typically found in contexts demanding formality and seriousness, particularly within legal, journalistic, and professional spheres. While it can appear in casual conversation, its strong implication of blame means it should be used with care. Recognizing these environments will enhance your comprehension and appropriate usage of this C1-level word, allowing you to navigate complex discussions with greater precision.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

"The prosecution chose to allege that the defendant had committed perjury during the trial."

तटस्थ

"The witness decided to accuse the man of theft after identifying him in the lineup."

अनौपचारिक

"She didn't want to blame him without having all the facts."

Child friendly

"It's not fair to just point fingers and say he broke it without knowing for sure."

बोलचाल

"He threatened to rat out his accomplice if they didn't split the money evenly."

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

When using 'accuse,' the preposition 'of' typically follows the verb, connecting it to the crime or misdeed.

She accused him of theft.

The object of 'accuse' is the person being charged, followed by 'of' and then the crime/misdeed.

The police accused the suspect of breaking and entering.

'Accuse' can be used in both active and passive voice. In the passive voice, the person being accused becomes the subject.

Active: The victim accused the stranger of harassment. Passive: The stranger was accused of harassment by the victim.

When the misdeed is a gerund (verb ending in -ing acting as a noun), it directly follows 'of'.

They accused her of lying to the authorities.

'Accuse' can also be followed by a 'that' clause, especially in more formal contexts, to state the accusation directly.

The committee accused that the CEO had misused company funds.

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

He will accuse the boy.

Он обвинит мальчика.

Simple future tense: subject + 'will' + base verb.

2

Do not accuse your friend.

Не обвиняй своего друга.

Negative imperative: 'Do not' + base verb.

3

She did not accuse him.

Она не обвиняла его.

Simple past negative: subject + 'did not' + base verb.

4

I accuse the man.

Я обвиняю мужчину.

Simple present tense: subject + base verb.

5

They accuse her now.

Они обвиняют ее сейчас.

Simple present tense, 'now' indicates present action.

6

We accuse the dog.

Мы обвиняем собаку.

Simple present tense: plural subject + base verb.

7

Can you accuse him?

Ты можешь обвинить его?

Question with 'can': 'Can' + subject + base verb.

8

He can accuse her.

Он может обвинить ее.

Modal verb 'can': subject + 'can' + base verb.

1

She will accuse him of taking her pen.

Ella lo acusará de tomar su bolígrafo.

Simple future tense: 'will accuse'.

2

They accuse the cat of eating the cake.

Ellos acusan al gato de comer el pastel.

Simple present tense: 'accuse'.

3

Did he accuse you of being late?

¿Él te acusó de llegar tarde?

Simple past tense question: 'Did he accuse'.

4

Don't accuse me without proof.

No me acuses sin pruebas.

Imperative negative: 'Don't accuse'.

5

The teacher accused the student of cheating.

La maestra acusó al estudiante de hacer trampa.

Simple past tense: 'accused'.

6

Why do you accuse me of such a thing?

¿Por qué me acusas de tal cosa?

Question with 'why' and simple present: 'Why do you accuse'.

7

She felt bad when they accused her.

Ella se sintió mal cuando la acusaron.

Simple past tense: 'accused'.

8

I never accuse anyone unfairly.

Nunca acuso a nadie injustamente.

Simple present tense with adverb: 'never accuse'.

1

The police had enough evidence to accuse him of theft.

La policía tenía suficiente evidencia para acusarlo de robo.

Here, 'accuse' is followed by 'of' and the crime.

2

She was wrongly accused of cheating on the exam.

Fue acusada erróneamente de hacer trampa en el examen.

This shows 'accuse' in the passive voice, emphasizing the person being accused.

3

It's easy to accuse others when you don't know all the facts.

Es fácil acusar a otros cuando no sabes todos los hechos.

'Accuse' is used generally, referring to the act of blaming.

4

His former colleagues accused him of taking credit for their work.

Sus antiguos colegas lo acusaron de atribuirse el mérito de su trabajo.

'Accuse' is followed by a person and then 'of' plus a gerund phrase.

5

Don't accuse me until you have solid proof!

¡No me acuses hasta que tengas pruebas sólidas!

This is a direct imperative, expressing a demand not to accuse.

6

The newspaper accused the company of polluting the river.

El periódico acusó a la empresa de contaminar el río.

The subject is an entity (newspaper), and the object is another entity (company).

7

He felt that his silence would be seen as an admission of guilt, so he had to speak up and deny the accusation.

Sintió que su silencio sería visto como una admisión de culpa, así que tuvo que hablar y negar la acusación.

This sentence uses the related noun 'accusation' to show the broader context.

8

Despite the lack of direct evidence, many people still accused him.

A pesar de la falta de evidencia directa, muchas personas aún lo acusaron.

This highlights a situation where accusations are made without strong proof.

1

The police accused him of theft after finding the stolen goods in his apartment.

La policía lo acusó de robo tras encontrar los bienes robados en su apartamento.

Accuse (someone) of (something)

2

She was unjustly accused of plagiarism, despite having thoroughly cited all her sources.

Fue acusada injustamente de plagio, a pesar de haber citado exhaustivamente todas sus fuentes.

To be accused of (something)

3

It's easy to accuse others, but proving their guilt is a different matter entirely.

Es fácil acusar a los demás, pero probar su culpabilidad es un asunto completamente distinto.

Accuse (verb) as an infinitive

4

The politician refused to accuse his opponent directly, preferring to focus on policy differences.

El político se negó a acusar a su oponente directamente, prefiriendo centrarse en las diferencias políticas.

Accuse (someone) directly

5

After a lengthy investigation, the committee decided not to accuse anyone of wrongdoing.

Tras una larga investigación, el comité decidió no acusar a nadie de mala conducta.

Accuse (someone) of wrongdoing

6

The article accused the company of environmentally harmful practices, sparking public outrage.

El artículo acusó a la empresa de prácticas perjudiciales para el medio ambiente, lo que provocó la indignación pública.

Accuse (company) of (practices)

7

He felt deeply hurt when his best friend accused him of betraying their trust.

Se sintió profundamente herido cuando su mejor amigo lo acusó de traicionar su confianza.

Accuse (someone) of betraying

8

Despite the mounting evidence, she continued to deny the charges and refused to accuse anyone else.

A pesar de las crecientes pruebas, ella continuó negando los cargos y se negó a acusar a nadie más.

Refuse to accuse (someone else)

1

The prosecution decided to accuse him of embezzlement after reviewing the financial records.

La fiscalía decidió acusarle de desfalco tras revisar los registros financieros.

Here, 'accuse' is followed by the preposition 'of' and then the crime.

2

She felt it was unfair to accuse her without any concrete evidence to support the claims.

Ella sintió que era injusto acusarla sin ninguna prueba concreta que respaldara las afirmaciones.

In this case, 'accuse' is used with a direct object pronoun and then 'without' to indicate a lack of proof.

3

The manager chose not to openly accuse any specific employee, preferring a more discreet investigation.

El gerente optó por no acusar abiertamente a ningún empleado específico, prefiriendo una investigación más discreta.

'Accuse' is used here with an adverb ('openly') and a direct object ('any specific employee').

4

Despite the mounting circumstantial evidence, they couldn't directly accuse him of sabotage.

A pesar de la creciente evidencia circunstancial, no pudieron acusarlo directamente de sabotaje.

This sentence uses 'directly accuse' to emphasize the lack of immediate, unequivocal proof.

5

The politician was quick to accuse his opponents of spreading misinformation during the campaign.

El político se apresuró a acusar a sus oponentes de difundir desinformación durante la campaña.

'Accuse' is followed by the direct object ('his opponents') and then 'of' with a gerund ('spreading misinformation').

6

It's important not to accuse someone falsely, as it can have serious repercussions on their reputation.

Es importante no acusar a alguien falsamente, ya que puede tener serias repercusiones en su reputación.

Here, 'falsely' modifies 'accuse', highlighting the potential for incorrect allegations.

7

The witness was hesitant to accuse the powerful executive, fearing retaliation.

El testigo dudó en acusar al poderoso ejecutivo, temiendo represalias.

The verb 'accuse' is used here with an infinitive phrase ('to accuse') as the object of 'hesitant'.

8

After the forensic analysis, the police were able to accuse the suspect of arson with irrefutable proof.

Después del análisis forense, la policía pudo acusar al sospechoso de incendio premeditado con pruebas irrefutables.

'Accuse' is used with 'of' and the specific crime, followed by a strong qualifier of proof.

समानार्थी शब्द

charge indict incriminate denounce impeach blame

विलोम शब्द

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

falsely accuse falsely accuse (of a crime)
wrongfully accuse wrongfully accuse (of wrongdoing)
publicly accuse publicly accuse (someone)
accuse someone of something accuse someone of something
accuse someone of a crime accuse someone of a crime
accuse someone of a felony accuse someone of a felony
accuse someone of a misdemeanor accuse someone of a misdemeanor
accuse someone of a breach accuse someone of a breach
accuse someone of betrayal accuse someone of betrayal
accuse someone of hypocrisy accuse someone of hypocrisy

व्याकरण पैटर्न

Transitive verb followed by a direct object and a prepositional phrase with 'of'. Passive voice construction: 'be accused of'. Use of gerunds (verb-ing) after 'of' when referring to an action. Use of perfect gerunds ('having done something') to indicate a past action. Use of adjectives or nouns after 'of being' to describe the nature of the accusation. Noun phrase 'accusations of' followed by a noun or gerund.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"point the finger at someone"

To accuse someone directly of wrongdoing.

All eyes turned to him as everyone seemed to point the finger.

neutral

"lay the blame on someone"

To state that someone is responsible for a bad situation or problem.

She tried to lay the blame on her colleague, but the evidence was against her.

neutral

"level an accusation against someone"

To make a formal accusation against someone.

The committee decided to level a serious accusation against the CEO.

formal

"cast aspersions on someone/something"

To make damaging or unfavorable remarks or judgments about someone or something.

He continually cast aspersions on her character, without any real proof.

formal

"impute something to someone"

To attribute a fault or crime to someone.

The prosecutor tried to impute negligence to the defendant.

formal

"pin something on someone"

To make someone responsible for a crime or mistake, especially unfairly.

They tried to pin the theft on the new employee, but he had an alibi.

informal

"fingered for something"

To be identified or accused as the perpetrator of a crime.

The suspect was fingered for the robbery by an eyewitness.

informal

"call someone to account"

To demand that someone explain their behavior or decisions, often because they are suspected of wrongdoing.

The manager was called to account for the team's poor performance.

formal

"throw shade at someone"

To subtly criticize or express contempt for someone.

She wasn't openly aggressive, but she definitely threw shade at her rival's new outfit.

informal

"arraign someone for something"

To bring someone before a court to answer a criminal charge.

The suspect was arraigned for armed robbery this morning.

formal

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

B2

Accuse (someone) of (something)

The detective accused the suspect of stealing the car.

B2

(Someone) is accused of (something)

The politician was accused of corruption.

C1

Accuse (someone) of (verb-ing)

She accused him of lying about his past.

C1

Accuse (someone) of having (done something)

The company was accused of having manipulated the financial records.

C1

Accuse (someone) of being (an adjective/noun)

He accused his opponent of being untrustworthy.

C1

Accuse (someone) of (something) without evidence

It's unfair to accuse someone of a crime without concrete evidence.

C1

(Someone) faced accusations of (something)

The former CEO faced accusations of embezzlement.

C1

To make an accusation against (someone)

The victim decided to make an accusation against her attacker.

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

When using 'accuse,' remember that it typically takes the preposition 'of' followed by the offense. For example, 'She was accused of stealing the documents.' It's also often used in formal contexts like legal proceedings.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

A common mistake is using 'accuse' with the wrong preposition, such as 'accuse for' or 'accuse with.' Always use 'accuse of.' Another mistake is using 'accuse' when a softer term like 'suggest' or 'allege' might be more appropriate if you don't have strong evidence.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

legal proceedings

  • accused of a crime
  • the prosecution accused him
  • accused of fraud

workplace disputes

  • accused of harassment
  • falsely accused of stealing
  • accused of professional misconduct

social interactions

  • accused me of lying
  • don't accuse me of that
  • accused her of being selfish

journalism/reporting

  • officials accused of corruption
  • the newspaper accused the company
  • accused of unethical practices

historical events

  • accused of treason
  • witches were accused of sorcery
  • accused of heresy

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"Have you ever been accused of something you didn't do? How did you handle it?"

"What are some common situations where people might accuse others?"

"In your opinion, what's the difference between an accusation and a strong suspicion?"

"How important is it to have proof before accusing someone of something?"

"Can an accusation, even if false, permanently damage someone's reputation?"

डायरी विषय

Describe a time when you witnessed someone being accused of something. How did it make you feel?

Reflect on a situation where you had to accuse someone of something. What was the outcome, and would you do anything differently?

Write about a fictional character who is falsely accused. How do they cope with the accusation and try to clear their name?

Explore the psychological impact of being accused, both for the accuser and the accused.

Consider the role of social media in accusations today. How has it changed the way accusations are made and handled?

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

While both 'accuse' and 'blame' point to someone as responsible, 'accuse' often implies a more formal or official statement, frequently in a legal context, like 'He was accused of theft.' 'Blame' can be more general and informal, as in 'She blamed him for the spilled milk.' You might blame someone without formally accusing them of anything serious.

No, 'accuse' is almost exclusively used for negative actions or misdeeds. You wouldn't say 'She accused him of being kind.' For positive things, you'd use words like 'credit' or 'praise'.

Not always a crime, but it's always about a misdeed, wrongdoing, or something negative. For example, 'The manager accused the employee of laziness' isn't a crime, but it's certainly a negative accusation.

The most common prepositions are 'of' (to accuse someone of something) and sometimes 'for' (to accuse someone for doing something, though 'of' is more common for the specific misdeed). For example, 'They accused him of cheating.' or less commonly, 'They accused him for cheating on the test.'

The noun form is 'accusation'. For example, 'The accusation of fraud was baseless.'

Yes, it can be a strong word because it implies a serious allegation. It's often used when there are significant consequences or a need for investigation.

While grammatically possible, it's less common to 'accuse' yourself in the same way you'd accuse others. You might say 'I admitted my guilt' or 'I confessed to the crime' rather than 'I accused myself of the crime.' However, in a very specific self-reflective context, one might say 'I accused myself of procrastination.'

Certainly! Here's an example: 'The police accused the suspect of grand larceny after finding stolen goods in his possession.'

Some synonyms for 'accuse' include allege, charge, implicate, incriminate, and impeach (especially in a political context). The best synonym often depends on the specific nuance and context.

No, 'accuse' only means that someone is formally stated to have committed a misdeed. It doesn't mean they are proven guilty. An accusation is often the beginning of a process to determine guilt or innocence. Think of the legal phrase 'innocent until proven guilty' – an accusation is just the first step.

खुद को परखो 108 सवाल

multiple choice A1

The police _____ the man of stealing the car.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accused

'Accused' means to say someone did something wrong, which fits the context of police and stealing.

multiple choice A1

My friend did not _____ me of breaking her toy.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' someone means to blame them for something. Here, the friend did not blame them.

multiple choice A1

She felt sad because they _____ her of lying.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accused

If someone is sad because others say they lied, they were 'accused' of lying.

true false A1

If you accuse someone, you say they did something good.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

To accuse someone means to say they did something wrong or bad.

true false A1

The teacher might accuse a student of cheating if they see them looking at another's paper.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

If a teacher sees a student cheating, they might say the student cheated, which is to accuse them.

true false A1

You can accuse a chair of being broken.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

'Accuse' is used for people who can do something wrong, not objects.

listening A1

Listen for the word 'accuse'.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: He will accuse the man.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening A1

Listen for the question.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Did she accuse him?
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening A1

Listen for who is being accused.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: They accuse her of a small mistake.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

I accuse.

Focus: /əˈkjuːz/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

He will accuse.

Focus: /hiː wɪl əˈkjuːz/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

Don't accuse me.

Focus: /doʊnt əˈkjuːz miː/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
fill blank A2

The police had to ___ the man of stealing the car.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

'Accuse' means to say someone did something wrong. The police believe the man stole the car.

fill blank A2

Don't ___ your friends if you don't have proof.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

It's important to have proof before you say someone did something wrong.

fill blank A2

She felt sad because her sister would ___ her of lying.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

Her sister thought she was not telling the truth, which made her sad.

fill blank A2

It's wrong to ___ someone without knowing all the facts.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

You should know everything before saying someone did something wrong.

fill blank A2

Did they ___ him of breaking the window?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

They thought he was the one who broke the window.

fill blank A2

The teacher did not ___ the student of cheating, but asked questions.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The teacher didn't say directly that the student cheated, but wanted to find out.

multiple choice A2

The boy did not want to ___ his friend of breaking the toy.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

'Accuse' means to say someone did something wrong. The boy didn't want to say his friend broke the toy.

multiple choice A2

She will ___ her brother of eating her cake.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' someone is to say they did something bad, like eating the cake.

multiple choice A2

Don't ___ me of lying! I am telling the truth.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' someone of lying means to say they are not telling the truth.

true false A2

If you accuse someone, you are saying they did something good.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

To accuse someone means to say they did something bad or wrong.

true false A2

The police might accuse someone of a crime.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

Police often 'accuse' people when they think they committed a crime.

true false A2

It's good to accuse your friends without proof.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

It's generally not good to accuse people, especially friends, without knowing for sure.

fill blank B1

The police had enough evidence to ___ him of the robbery.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to formally state that someone has done something wrong, which fits the context of police and a robbery.

fill blank B1

It's not fair to ___ someone without any proof.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The sentence talks about fairness and proof, implying that making a claim of wrongdoing requires evidence. 'Accuse' fits this meaning.

fill blank B1

She didn't want to ___ her friend of lying, but she knew the truth.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The context implies a difficult situation where one person suspects another of wrongdoing. 'Accuse' is the correct verb to express this action.

fill blank B1

He was angry when they tried to ___ him of cheating on the exam.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

Being 'accused' of cheating would naturally make someone angry, as it's a negative allegation.

fill blank B1

The manager decided not to ___ anyone directly until all the facts were known.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The manager is waiting for facts before making a formal statement of wrongdoing, which is what 'accuse' means.

fill blank B1

You shouldn't ___ others if you're not sure they did something wrong.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

This sentence emphasizes the importance of certainty before making an accusation of wrongdoing.

multiple choice B1

The police decided to _____ the suspect of theft after finding evidence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To accuse someone means to say that they have done something wrong, like theft.

multiple choice B1

My friend felt bad because her sister decided to _____ her of breaking the vase, even though she didn't do it.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To accuse someone of breaking something means to say they are responsible for it.

multiple choice B1

It's important not to _____ someone without proof, as it can hurt their feelings.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

Accusing someone without proof means saying they did something wrong without evidence.

true false B1

If you accuse someone, you are saying something good about them.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

To accuse someone means to say they have done something wrong, not good.

true false B1

When you accuse someone, you are usually talking about a crime or a mistake.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

The word 'accuse' is used when someone is believed to have committed a crime or a misdeed.

true false B1

You should always accuse someone even if you don't have any evidence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

It's generally not good to accuse someone without evidence, as it can be unfair.

listening B1

Listen for the word 'accuse' in the context of a crime.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The police had to accuse the suspect of the theft.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B1

Pay attention to 'accuse' in a situation involving trust.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: She would never accuse her friend of lying without proof.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B1

Focus on the meaning of 'accuse' in a general statement.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: It's easy to accuse someone, but harder to prove it.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

Can you accuse someone without evidence?

Focus: accuse (uh-KYOOS), evidence (EV-ih-dens)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

Why shouldn't you accuse a person unfairly?

Focus: unfairly (un-FAIR-lee)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

Have you ever been accused of something you didn't do?

Focus: accused (uh-KYOOSD)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
sentence order B1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: He did not accuse her of lying.

This sentence is a common way to express that someone did not blame another person for something.

sentence order B1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The police will accuse him of theft.

This sentence describes a future action where someone is formally charged with a crime.

sentence order B1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Don't accuse me without proof.

This is an imperative sentence asking someone not to blame without evidence.

fill blank B2

The police had enough evidence to ___ him of the robbery.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' someone means to formally state that they have committed a crime.

fill blank B2

She decided to publicly ___ her former boss of harassment.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to make a formal statement that someone is responsible for a misdeed, often publicly.

fill blank B2

Without concrete proof, it's difficult to ___ anyone of cheating.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

An 'accusation' often implies a need for evidence or proof.

fill blank B2

The newspaper was quick to ___ the government of corruption.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' implies a formal or public statement about wrongdoing.

fill blank B2

He felt that his colleague was trying to ___ him of laziness.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to formally state that someone is responsible for a misdeed.

fill blank B2

It's important not to ___ someone without first having all the facts.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

An 'accusation' is a serious statement that requires investigation or proof.

multiple choice B2

The police had enough evidence to _____ the suspect of robbery.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

'Accuse' means to formally state that someone has committed a crime, which fits the context of police and a suspect.

multiple choice B2

She felt hurt when her friend tried to _____ her of spreading rumors.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' someone of spreading rumors means to claim they did it, which would naturally cause hurt.

multiple choice B2

It's important not to _____ someone without concrete proof.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

Accusing someone requires evidence, so it's important not to do so without proof.

true false B2

If you accuse someone, you are saying they are definitely guilty without any doubt.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

Accusing someone implies an allegation that still requires further investigation or proof, not a definitive statement of guilt.

true false B2

The word 'accuse' is typically used in formal or serious contexts like legal proceedings.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

The definition highlights that 'accuse' means to officially or formally state someone has committed a crime, fitting formal contexts.

true false B2

When you accuse someone, you are complimenting them on their actions.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

To accuse someone means to state they are responsible for a misdeed, which is the opposite of a compliment.

listening B2

Think about the legal context.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The police had enough evidence to accuse him of theft.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B2

Consider the importance of evidence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: She refused to accuse anyone without concrete proof.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B2

Think about the basis of accusations.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: It's unfair to accuse someone based on rumors alone.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B2

Read this aloud:

It's important not to accuse someone falsely.

Focus: /əˈkjuːz/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B2

Read this aloud:

Can you explain why you would accuse him?

Focus: /ɪkˈspleɪn/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B2

Read this aloud:

They decided to accuse the former manager of fraud.

Focus: /ˈfrɔːd/

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The police decided to accuse him of robbery.

This order forms a grammatically correct sentence about accusing someone of a crime.

sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: She didn't want to accuse her friend of lying.

This arrangement creates a logical sentence expressing reluctance to accuse someone.

sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The manager tried to accuse everyone for the mistake.

This order correctly forms a sentence about assigning blame for an error.

fill blank C1

The detective had to carefully gather evidence before he could confidently ___ the suspect of the robbery.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to formally state that someone has committed a crime, which fits the context of a detective's investigation.

fill blank C1

Despite the lack of concrete proof, many people began to ___ the politician of corruption.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: allege

While 'accuse' could work, 'allege' is more appropriate here as it emphasizes the formal statement without immediate proof, which aligns with the phrase 'lack of concrete proof'.

fill blank C1

It's important not to ___ someone unfairly without sufficient evidence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The sentence emphasizes the act of making a formal statement about a misdeed without proper evidence, making 'accuse' the best fit.

fill blank C1

The manager chose to ___ the employee of negligence after reviewing the security footage.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

After reviewing footage, the manager has evidence to formally state the employee's responsibility, thus 'accuse' is appropriate.

fill blank C1

She felt it was her duty to ___ him of plagiarism, even though it was a difficult decision.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The act of formally stating someone is responsible for plagiarism fits the definition of 'accuse'.

fill blank C1

The newspaper article dared to ___ the company of environmental malpractice.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

A newspaper article making a formal claim about a company's wrongdoing uses the verb 'accuse'.

multiple choice C1

The detective decided to ______ the suspect with the new evidence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to formally state that someone has committed a crime, which fits the context of a detective using new evidence against a suspect.

multiple choice C1

Despite the lack of concrete proof, many people were quick to ______ him of dishonesty.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

In this context, 'accuse' means to state that someone is responsible for a misdeed, even without definitive proof.

multiple choice C1

It's unfair to ______ someone without hearing their side of the story first.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The sentence implies that making an accusation without hearing both sides is unjust, which aligns with the definition of 'accuse'.

true false C1

If you accuse someone, you are formally stating they are responsible for something negative.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

The definition of 'accuse' is to officially or formally state that someone has committed a crime or is responsible for a misdeed.

true false C1

To accuse someone means to praise them for their achievements.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

Accusing someone is about attributing blame or responsibility for a negative act, not praising them.

true false C1

An accusation typically requires further investigation or proof.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

The definition states that an accusation often implies a specific allegation that requires further investigation or proof.

writing C1

Imagine you are a legal counsel. Draft a formal statement responding to an accusation of intellectual property theft. Ensure your response is professional and addresses the core allegation without admitting guilt.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

We unequivocally deny the baseless accusation of intellectual property theft. Our company maintains strict protocols to ensure compliance with all intellectual property laws, and we have robust systems in place to prevent any unauthorized use or appropriation of proprietary information. We welcome a thorough investigation to demonstrate our adherence to ethical business practices and the originality of our work. We are confident that any objective review of the evidence will substantiate our position and refute these unfounded allegations.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing C1

Write a short narrative (approximately 100-150 words) about a situation where someone is unfairly accused of something they didn't do. Focus on the emotional impact of the accusation on the individual.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

Sarah's heart pounded as the manager's words hung in the air: "We accuse you of leaking confidential company data." The accusation, so utterly false, sent a jolt of disbelief through her. Her meticulously built reputation, her unwavering loyalty to the firm, felt as though they were crumbling around her. The injustice of it all was overwhelming; a cold knot formed in her stomach. She tried to articulate her innocence, but her voice faltered, choked by a sudden wave of distress. The thought of proving her integrity, of facing colleagues who might now view her with suspicion, filled her with a profound sense of despair. It was an undeserved shadow cast upon her character, and the weight of it was almost unbearable.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing C1

Describe a scenario where a public figure is accused of unethical behavior. Discuss the challenges they might face in defending themselves and the potential consequences of the accusation, regardless of its veracity.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

When Senator Davies was accused of accepting illicit campaign donations, the immediate fallout was immense. The media frenzy was relentless, and public opinion quickly swayed against him. Defending himself became an uphill battle; every statement was scrutinized, every past action re-evaluated through the lens of the accusation. The challenge wasn't just proving his innocence in a legal sense, but also in the court of public perception, where sensationalism often trumps nuance. Even if fully exonerated, the accusation itself had already inflicted significant damage to his credibility and political career, highlighting how even a false allegation can irrevocably alter a public figure's standing.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
reading C1

What is the primary focus of the accusation against the tech CEO?

Read this passage:

In a groundbreaking legal case, a prominent tech CEO was formally accused of corporate espionage, allegedly stealing proprietary algorithms from a rival company. The prosecution presented a compelling, albeit circumstantial, body of evidence, including encrypted communications and suspicious financial transactions. However, the defense argued vehemently that the evidence was fabricated and that their client was being made a scapegoat in a highly competitive industry. The trial captivated the nation, raising pertinent questions about ethics in business and the burden of proof in complex digital crimes.

What is the primary focus of the accusation against the tech CEO?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Corporate espionage

The passage explicitly states that the CEO was 'formally accused of corporate espionage, allegedly stealing proprietary algorithms.'

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Corporate espionage

The passage explicitly states that the CEO was 'formally accused of corporate espionage, allegedly stealing proprietary algorithms.'

reading C1

According to the passage, what did the government spokesperson claim about the accusation?

Read this passage:

During a contentious parliamentary debate, an opposition leader made a direct accusation against the ruling party, alleging widespread corruption within several government ministries. The leader cited anonymous sources and internal documents, demanding an immediate independent inquiry. The government spokesperson swiftly refuted these claims, labeling them as politically motivated smears intended to destabilize the administration. The incident sparked intense public debate about transparency and accountability in governance.

According to the passage, what did the government spokesperson claim about the accusation?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: It was politically motivated.

The passage states that the government spokesperson 'refuted these claims, labeling them as politically motivated smears.'

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: It was politically motivated.

The passage states that the government spokesperson 'refuted these claims, labeling them as politically motivated smears.'

reading C1

What was the core reason for Galileo's accusation by the Inquisition?

Read this passage:

The historical record indicates that Galileo Galilei was formally accused by the Inquisition of heresy for advocating Copernican heliocentrism, a theory positing that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This accusation challenged the prevailing geocentric model endorsed by the Church. Despite his scientific observations and mathematical proofs, Galileo was compelled to recant his views under threat of torture. This landmark event underscores the profound conflict between emerging scientific thought and established dogmatic authority during that era.

What was the core reason for Galileo's accusation by the Inquisition?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Advocating heliocentrism

The passage clearly states that Galileo was 'formally accused by the Inquisition of heresy for advocating Copernican heliocentrism.'

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Advocating heliocentrism

The passage clearly states that Galileo was 'formally accused by the Inquisition of heresy for advocating Copernican heliocentrism.'

sentence order C1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The prosecutor decided to accuse the suspect of embezzlement.

This sentence correctly orders the words to form a grammatically sound and meaningful statement about a prosecutor accusing someone of a crime.

sentence order C1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Despite the lack of evidence, she continued to accuse him of sabotage.

The words are arranged to create a coherent sentence expressing that someone continued to accuse another person despite insufficient proof.

sentence order C1

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: It is unwise to accuse someone without concrete proof of their wrongdoing.

This sentence order effectively conveys the idea that it's ill-advised to make accusations without solid evidence.

fill blank C2

Despite the lack of concrete evidence, many were quick to ___ the CEO of corporate espionage.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' means to formally state that someone is responsible for a misdeed, which fits the context of lacking concrete evidence but making a strong claim.

fill blank C2

The public outcry led the committee to ___ the former minister of financial misconduct.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

In this context, 'accuse' is the most suitable verb to describe the committee's formal statement against the minister, preceding any potential legal action.

fill blank C2

It's unfair to ___ someone without thoroughly investigating all sides of the story.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The sentence emphasizes the need for investigation before making a formal charge of wrongdoing, making 'accuse' the best fit.

fill blank C2

She felt it was her duty to ___ the company of unfair labor practices, even if it meant risking her job.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

To 'accuse' fits the scenario where an individual formally states that the company is responsible for a misdeed.

fill blank C2

The newspaper was careful not to directly ___ anyone, instead using phrases like 'allegedly involved'.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The newspaper avoided directly stating someone committed a crime, which is what 'accuse' entails.

fill blank C2

In the absence of clear proof, it would be premature to ___ him of negligence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: accuse

The phrase 'in the absence of clear proof' suggests that making a formal statement of wrongdoing, or 'accusing', would be too early.

listening C2

Listen for the word 'accuse' and its context regarding legal proceedings.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: The evidence presented in court seemed to accuse the defendant unequivocally.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening C2

Pay attention to the nuance of not directly accusing someone.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Despite the mounting circumstantial evidence, she refused to directly accuse her colleague of sabotage.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening C2

Consider the historical context of accusations and power dynamics.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Historically, monarchs would often accuse rivals of treason to solidify their power.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

Can you explain the difference between 'accuse' and 'allege'?

Focus: accuse, allege

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

Describe a scenario where one might be hesitant to accuse someone, even with strong suspicions.

Focus: hesitant, suspicions

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

Discuss the potential ramifications of a false accusation in a professional setting.

Focus: ramifications, professional setting

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

/ 108 correct

Perfect score!

संबंधित सामग्री

Law के और शब्द

burglarious

B2

Relating to or characteristic of the crime of burglary, specifically involving the intent to break into a building to commit a theft or felony. It is typically used in legal or formal contexts to describe motives, actions, or equipment associated with such crimes.

arbiter

B2

'Arbiter' वह व्यक्ति होता है जिसके पास विवादों को निपटाने या सही का फैसला करने का अधिकार होता है। वह एक निष्पक्ष न्यायाधीश की तरह काम करता है।

arson

C1

Arson is the criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property, such as buildings, vehicles, or forests. It is classified as a serious felony due to the potential for widespread destruction and loss of human life.

interdicthood

C1

किसी को विशेष गतिविधियों में भाग लेने से औपचारिक रूप से प्रतिबंधित करना। यह अक्सर कानूनी या धार्मिक आदेश द्वारा किया जाता है।

preduccide

C1

एक निष्कर्ष या निर्णय जो पहले से तय या निर्देशित किया गया है, यह दर्शाता है कि बाद की प्रक्रिया केवल एक औपचारिकता थी।

antisalvacy

C1

खोई हुई या क्षतिग्रस्त संपत्ति की पुनर्प्राप्ति, बचाव या उद्धार का विरोध करने का सिद्धांत या नीति।

preducible

C1

किसी निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचने से पहले सबूत या तर्क पेश करना। यह किसी विषय को औपचारिक चर्चा में लाने की प्रक्रिया है।

posttortship

C1

The state or period following the commission of a civil wrong (tort), specifically concerning the legal obligations, remedial processes, and the ongoing relationship between the claimant and the tortfeasor. It describes the phase where parties must navigate the consequences of a legal injury or liability.

circumlegic

C1

To strategically bypass or interpret around the literal boundaries of a law, regulation, or specific text. This verb describes the act of navigating through complex rules to find an alternative path without strictly violating the letter of the law.

legislate

C1

औपचारिक प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से कानून बनाना। यह आमतौर पर एक सरकारी निकाय में होता है जहाँ नियमों पर बहस की जाती है और उन्हें पारित किया जाता है।

क्या यह मददगार था?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!