At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'Pishbord' yourself, but it's good to recognize that it means 'making things go forward.' Think of it like a car moving ahead. In very simple Persian, we say 'jolo bordan' (moving forward). 'Pishbord' is the formal way to say that. If you see this word in a book, just remember: Pish = Forward, Bord = Carried. So, 'Carried Forward.' It's usually about work or school projects. For example, 'I help the project go forward.' Even though this is a B2 word, knowing the 'Pish' part will help you understand many other words like 'Pishraft' (progress) and 'Pish-nehad' (suggestion). At this stage, focus on the idea of 'moving something from start to finish.'
At the A2 level, you can start to see 'Pishbord' in simple news headlines or school announcements. You might understand it as 'helping a plan.' It's a noun. For example, 'Helping the pishbord of the class.' You will notice it often comes after the word 'baraye' (for). 'Baraye pishbord-e...' means 'For the advancement of...' You don't need to use it in daily conversation with friends, as it sounds a bit too serious. Instead, continue using 'jolo bordan' when talking to friends. But if you are writing a simple formal letter to a teacher, using 'pishbord' shows you have a good vocabulary. It shows you aren't just talking about things moving; you are talking about the *effort* to move them. It's an active word.
At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'Pishbord' in semi-formal contexts, such as in a workplace or a university setting. You understand that it is a 'verbal noun.' You can use it in sentences like 'We need a better plan for the pishbord of our goals.' You should also be able to distinguish it from 'pishraft.' Remember: 'Pishraft' is what you see at the end (the result), but 'Pishbord' is the work you are doing right now to get there. At this level, you can start pairing it with common adjectives like 'sari'' (fast) or 'mo'asser' (effective). For example: 'pishbord-e mo'asser-e tarh' (the effective advancement of the plan). This word will make your Persian sound much more professional and less like a translation from English.
At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should have a full grasp of its nuances. You use 'Pishbord' to describe the strategic promotion of ideas, policies, and complex projects. You are comfortable using it in ezafe constructions and understand its role in formal Persian (Persian-e Sareh). You can use it to talk about 'pishbord-e solh' (advancing peace) or 'pishbord-e manafe'-e melli' (advancing national interests). You also know that it shouldn't be used for negative things like the spread of a virus. You understand the difference between 'pishbord' (the act) and 'pishravi' (military advancement). You can use this word in essays, business reports, and formal debates to argue for the necessity of certain actions to move an agenda forward.
At the C1 level, you use 'Pishbord' with stylistic flair. You might use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Dar rastaye pishbord-e...' (In the direction of advancing...). You understand its etymological roots and how it fits into the broader movement of modernizing the Persian language. You can use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'the advancement of human rights' or 'the advancement of philosophical discourse.' You are aware of its synonyms and choose 'pishbord' specifically when you want to emphasize the agency and intentionality of the actor. You can also identify when a writer is using the word to sound more authoritative or patriotic, as it is a strong native Persian word. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'Pishbord' and its place in the history of the Persian language. You can discuss how the word evolved and its usage in different historical periods of modern Iranian administration. You can use it in high-level academic writing, legal documents, and literary criticism. You understand the subtle political connotations it might carry in different contexts (e.g., government rhetoric vs. NGO reports). You can use it to form complex, multi-clause sentences that discuss the intersection of various factors in the 'pishbord' of a national strategy. You might even use it ironically or metaphorically in literature. To you, 'pishbord' is not just a word for 'advancement'; it is a precise tool for describing the mechanics of human progress and organizational dynamics.

پیشبرد 30 सेकंड में

  • Pishbord means 'advancement' or 'promotion' of a task or goal.
  • It is a formal noun used in business, science, and politics.
  • It focuses on the active process of moving things forward.
  • It is different from 'Pishraft,' which is the result of progress.

The Persian word پیشبرد (Pishbord) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'advancement,' 'promotion,' or 'furtherance.' It is a compound noun derived from the prefix pish (forward) and the past stem bord (carried/took), literally meaning 'carrying forward.' Unlike the word pishraft, which refers to 'progress' as a state or a result, پیشبرد specifically emphasizes the active process of moving a project, an idea, or a strategy toward a successful conclusion. It is a word of action, often used in professional, academic, and political contexts where intentional effort is required to overcome obstacles and achieve goals.

Semantic Nuance
In Persian linguistics, this word is used to describe the facilitation of a process. For example, in the phrase 'پیشبرد اهداف' (advancing goals), it implies a systematic approach to reaching those objectives.

دولت برای پیشبرد برنامه‌های اقتصادی خود نیازمند همکاری مردم است.

The government needs people's cooperation for the advancement of its economic programs.

Historically, the word gained significant traction in modern administrative Persian as a replacement for more archaic or Arabic-rooted terms. It reflects a modern linguistic push to use 'pure' Persian (Persian-e Sareh) roots to describe complex bureaucratic or scientific concepts. When you hear this word on the news, it is almost always in the context of diplomacy, national development, or technological breakthroughs. It carries a tone of authority and deliberation. If a manager says they are focused on the pishbord of a project, they aren't just saying it's going well; they are saying they are actively steering it through its phases.

Register and Tone
Formal and Semi-formal. It is rarely used in casual street slang but is common in workplace meetings and formal correspondence.

تکنولوژی جدید به پیشبرد سریع‌تر تحقیقات کمک کرد.

The new technology helped in the faster promotion/advancement of the research.

Furthermore, in the realm of international relations, پیشبرد is frequently paired with 'peace' (solh) or 'negotiations' (mozaherat). It implies a constructive effort to keep the dialogue moving forward. In a personal context, one might speak of the 'pishbord' of their career or education, suggesting a strategic and planned movement rather than accidental luck. It is a word that commands respect because it acknowledges the labor involved in making things happen. It is the opposite of stagnation (rokud) and the remedy for bureaucratic deadlock.

ما به دنبال راه‌هایی برای پیشبرد صلح در منطقه هستیم.

Collocations
Commonly used with verbs like 'komak kardan' (to help), 'tashil kardan' (to facilitate), and 'monjar shodan be' (to lead to).

تامین بودجه برای پیشبرد این طرح حیاتی است.

In summary, پیشبرد is your go-to word when you want to discuss the mechanics of progress. Whether you are writing a business report, debating political strategies, or discussing scientific methodology, this word provides the necessary weight and precision to describe the act of moving things forward against the tides of inertia.

Using پیشبرد correctly requires understanding its role as a verbal noun (masdar). It typically functions as the object of a preposition like 'baraye' (for) or 'dar' (in), or as part of an ezafe construction. Because it implies an action, it often acts as the catalyst for other verbs in the sentence. For instance, you don't 'do' a pishbord; you 'help' the pishbord or 'strive' for the pishbord of something else.

Grammatical Structure
[Noun] + [Ezafe] + پیشبرد + [Target of Advancement]. Example: راهکارهای پیشبرد اهداف (Strategies for advancing goals).

مدیر پروژه بر پیشبرد سریع کارها تاکید داشت.

The project manager emphasized the rapid advancement of the tasks.

One of the most common ways to use this word is in the context of 'facilitating' or 'helping.' In Persian, we say 'be pishbord-e [something] komak kardan.' This is a very professional way to say you are contributing to a project's success. It sounds much more sophisticated than simply saying 'man komak mikonam' (I am helping). It specifies what you are helping with: the forward movement of the objective.

Common Verb Pairings
Often follows verbs like 'خواستار شدن' (to demand), 'تلاش کردن' (to strive), or 'اقدام کردن' (to take action).

آنها برای پیشبرد عدالت اجتماعی مبارزه می‌کنند.

They are fighting for the advancement of social justice.

In academic writing, you will find پیشبرد used to describe the advancement of science (pishbord-e elmu danesh). It suggests that the research being presented is adding a new brick to the wall of human knowledge. It is also used in the context of 'pishbord-e amuzesh' (advancement of education), describing policies that improve the quality and reach of schooling. When using it, ensure that the thing being advanced is something positive or constructive; you rarely use 'pishbord' for something negative like the advancement of a disease (where 'gostaresh' or 'pishraft' would be more common).

این کنفرانس فرصتی برای پیشبرد دانش پزشکی است.

Negative Constraints
Avoid using 'pishbord' for passive movement. It implies a 'driver' or an 'agent' behind the action. If things are just moving forward on their own, use 'pishraft'.

او تمام توان خود را صرف پیشبرد پروژه کرد.

Finally, consider the rhythm of the sentence. Because پیشبرد is a two-syllable word ending in a consonant, it provides a strong, punchy end to a phrase or a steady middle. It balances well with longer, multi-syllabic Arabic loanwords common in Persian business language, providing a grounded, native Persian feel to the discourse.

If you turn on the evening news in Iran or listen to a podcast like 'Radio Marz' or 'Bplus' when they discuss organizational development, you will hear پیشبرد constantly. It is a staple of the 'News Register' (Zaban-e Khabari). Reporters use it to describe the progress of government bills in parliament or the advancement of diplomatic talks in Vienna or Geneva. It signifies that the 'wheels are turning.'

In the Workplace
In a Tehran-based startup or a large corporation like Digikala, you'll hear it in 'Sprint Planning' or 'OKR' meetings. Managers will ask: 'What do we need for the pishbord of this feature?'

اخبار ساعت نه: «مذاکرات برای پیشبرد توافقنامه ادامه دارد.»

9 o'clock news: 'Negotiations for the advancement of the agreement continue.'

Another common place is in academic lectures and seminars. Professors use it to discuss the 'advancement of science' (pishbord-e elmi). It’s also very prevalent in the titles of books or articles related to self-improvement and management. For instance, a book titled 'Strategies for Advancing Your Career' would likely use پیشبرد in its Persian translation. It conveys a sense of intentionality that is very attractive in the self-help and professional development sectors.

In Legal and Official Documents
Contracts often include clauses about the 'pishbord' of project phases, specifying what constitutes 'advancement' to trigger payments.

این نرم‌افزار برای پیشبرد اهداف آموزشی طراحی شده است.

This software is designed for the advancement of educational goals.

You might also encounter this word in social activism. NGOs (Samanha-ye Mardom-nahad) in Iran use it when discussing their missions. Whether it's the 'advancement of women's rights' or the 'advancement of environmental protection,' پیشبرد is the preferred term to describe their ongoing work. It sounds more professional and less radical than some other terms, making it suitable for official mission statements and grant applications.

همکاری‌های بین‌المللی نقش مهمی در پیشبرد این پروژه داشت.

In Literature
While more common in non-fiction, modern novelists use it to describe a character's relentless drive to 'move things forward' in their personal lives or plots.

Finally, in the context of the 'Farhangestan' (The Academy of Persian Language and Literature), پیشبرد is often promoted as the standard term for 'promotion' or 'advancement' in technical fields, replacing foreign loanwords. So, if you are reading a technical manual or a government white paper, expect to see it frequently as a marker of 'correct' and 'formal' Persian.

The most frequent mistake learners make with پیشبرد is confusing it with its cousin, پیشرفت (Pishraft). While they look similar and share the same root, their usage is distinct. Pishraft is a result—it's the 'progress' you have made. Pishbord is the 'act of advancing.' You can say 'I have made a lot of progress' (Pishraft-e ziadi kardam), but you wouldn't say 'I have made a lot of advancement' in the same way. You 'help the advancement' (Be pishbord komak mikonam).

Mistake #1: Pishbord vs. Pishraft
Incorrect: «این پروژه پیشبرد خوبی داشته است.» (This project has had good advancement). Correct: «این پروژه پیشرفت خوبی داشته است.» (This project has had good progress).

اشتباه: ما به پیشبرد زیادی رسیدیم. (We reached much advancement.)

Another common error is using it as a verb directly without the proper auxiliary. Since پیشبرد is a noun, you cannot just stick a subject in front of it and expect it to work like 'to advance.' You must use the verb pish bordan if you want the verbal action, or use پیشبرد within a prepositional phrase. For example, 'I advanced the project' is 'Man projeh ra pish bordam,' not 'Man pishbord-e projeh kardam.'

Mistake #2: Misusing as a Simple Verb
Incorrect: «او اهداف را پیشبرد کرد.» Correct: «او اهداف را پیش برد.» or «او در پیشبرد اهداف نقش داشت.»

صحیح: تلاش برای پیشبرد صلح. (Effort for the advancement of peace.)

Learners also sometimes confuse پیشبرد with توسعه (Tose'e - Development). While related, Tose'e is much broader and often refers to infrastructure, economy, or personal growth over a long period. پیشبرد is more tactical—it's about the immediate action of pushing something forward. Use پیشبرد for specific projects or agendas, and Tose'e for general growth or expansion.

Mistake #3: Over-using in Informal Speech
Using 'pishbord' when hanging out with friends to talk about a video game or a small task can sound overly stiff. In those cases, just use 'jolo bordan' (moving forward).

نکته: در گفتگوهای دوستانه به جای پیشبرد، از «جلو بردن» استفاده کنید.

Lastly, be careful with the ezafe. Because پیشبرد ends in a consonant, it needs a short 'e' sound (the ezafe) to connect to the next word. Forgetting this (e.g., saying 'pishbord projeh' instead of 'pishbord-e projeh') is a hallmark of beginner speech. Always ensure that smooth connection to the target of the advancement.

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'moving forward,' but each has a specific 'flavor' or register. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation. پیشبرد is the most professional and action-oriented of the bunch.

پیشبرد vs. پیشرفت (Pishraft)
Pishbord: The action/process of advancing. (Focus on the driver).
Pishraft: The result/state of progress. (Focus on the outcome).
پیشبرد vs. توسعه (Tose'e)
Pishbord: Tactical advancement of a specific plan.
Tose'e: Broad, long-term development or expansion (e.g., economic development).
پیشبرد vs. ترویج (Tarvij)
Pishbord: General advancement.
Tarvij: Specifically 'promotion' or 'propagation' of an idea or a product (like marketing or spreading a belief).

برای پیشبرد (advancement) علم باید به ترویج (promotion/propagation) تفکر نقدی کمک کرد.

If you are in a more informal setting, you might use جلو بردن (Jolo Bordan). This is the literal equivalent of 'moving forward' or 'pushing ahead.' It's what you would use when talking about finishing a video game level, getting through a pile of laundry, or moving a desk across the room. Using پیشبرد for moving a desk would be hilariously over-formal.

Other Technical Alternatives
ارتقا (Erteqa): Upgrading or promoting to a higher rank/level.
بهبود (Behbud): Improvement or making something better.
تسریع (Tasri'): Acceleration (speeding up the advancement).

او به دنبال ارتقای (upgrading) شغلی است، نه فقط پیشبرد (advancement) پروژه‌ها.

In political contexts, you might also see پیشروی (Pishravi). This specifically means 'advancement' in a military or territorial sense (advancing troops). Do not use پیشبرد for an army moving into a city; that is always pishravi. Conversely, do not use pishravi for a peace plan; that is پیشبرد.

By mastering these distinctions, you can navigate Persian conversations with the precision of a native speaker, ensuring your message carries the exact weight and intention you desire.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

This word is part of the 'Persian-e Sareh' movement which prefers native Persian roots over Arabic loanwords. It was popularized by administrative bodies to create a technical vocabulary in Persian.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /piːʃˈbɔːrd/
US /piʃˈboʊrd/
The stress is on the second syllable: pish-BORD.
तुकबंदी
Bord (board) Lord Kord (Kurd) Zard (yellow - slant rhyme) Dard (pain - slant rhyme) Fard (individual - slant rhyme) Gord (hero) Sord (cold - archaic)
आम गलतियाँ
  • Pronouncing 'pish' as 'pesh'.
  • Over-emphasizing the 'r' in a way that breaks the flow.
  • Confusing the 'o' sound with 'u' (pish-burd).
  • Failing to connect the word to the next one with an ezafe.
  • Pronouncing it as three syllables (pish-bo-rad).

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 4/5

Common in news and books, easy to recognize if you know 'pish'.

लिखना 7/5

Requires knowledge of ezafe and formal sentence structures.

बोलना 6/5

Sounds very professional; easy to mispronounce the 'sh-b' cluster.

श्रवण 5/5

Clearly articulated in news, but fast in business meetings.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

پیش (Forward) بردن (To carry) هدف (Goal) کمک (Help) پروژه (Project)

आगे सीखें

توسعه (Development) استراتژی (Strategy) مذاکره (Negotiation) ارتقا (Upgrade) اصلاحات (Reforms)

उन्नत

سیاست‌گذاری (Policy making) اجماع (Consensus) بهینه‌سازی (Optimization) تحول (Transformation) بنیادین (Fundamental)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Ezafe Construction

پیشبردِ کار (Advancement of the work) - The 'e' sound links the noun to its object.

Verbal Nouns (Masdar)

Pishbord acts as a noun but carries the action of 'pish bordan'.

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

Usually paired with 'komak kardan' (to help) or 'ba'es shodan' (to cause).

Prepositional Phrases

Commonly follows 'baraye' (for) or 'dar' (in).

Adjective Placement

Adjectives follow the noun with ezafe: پیشبردِ سریع (Fast advancement).

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

ما برای پیشبرد این کار تلاش می‌کنیم.

We are trying for the advancement of this work.

Simple prepositional phrase 'baraye pishbord'.

2

پیشبرد اهداف مدرسه مهم است.

The advancement of school goals is important.

Ezafe construction: pishbord-e ahdaf.

3

او به پیشبرد پروژه کمک کرد.

He helped the advancement of the project.

Verbal pairing with 'komak kardan'.

4

کتاب به پیشبرد درس کمک می‌کند.

The book helps the advancement of the lesson.

Subject + preposition + noun.

5

ما به پیشبرد سریع نیاز داریم.

We need fast advancement.

Adjective 'sari' modifying 'pishbord'.

6

پیشبرد علم خوب است.

The advancement of science is good.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

7

برای پیشبرد برنامه، پول لازم است.

For the advancement of the program, money is necessary.

Inverted sentence starting with a prepositional phrase.

8

این راه برای پیشبرد کار است.

This way is for the advancement of the work.

Demonstrative 'in' + noun.

1

مدیر برای پیشبرد طرح جدید جلسه گذاشت.

The manager held a meeting for the advancement of the new plan.

Compound verb 'jalseh gozashtan'.

2

تکنولوژی به پیشبرد صنعت کمک می‌کند.

Technology helps the advancement of industry.

Noun as part of a 'komak kardan' structure.

3

همه باید در پیشبرد اهداف شرکت نقش داشته باشند.

Everyone must have a role in the advancement of the company's goals.

Modal verb 'bayad' + 'naqsh dashteh bashand'.

4

پیشبرد فرهنگ مطالعه در جامعه ضروری است.

The advancement of reading culture in society is essential.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

5

دولت بودجه‌ای برای پیشبرد ورزش اختصاص داد.

The government allocated a budget for the advancement of sports.

Past tense 'ekhtesas dad'.

6

این نرم‌افزار به پیشبرد سریع‌تر کارها کمک می‌کند.

This software helps in the faster advancement of tasks.

Comparative adjective 'sari'-tar'.

7

همکاری ما باعث پیشبرد پروژه شد.

Our cooperation caused the advancement of the project.

Causative structure 'ba'es-e ... shod'.

8

او برای پیشبرد دانش خود به دانشگاه رفت.

He went to university for the advancement of his knowledge.

Possessive pronoun 'khod' after the noun.

1

استراتژی جدیدی برای پیشبرد مذاکرات تدوین شد.

A new strategy was formulated for the advancement of the negotiations.

Passive voice 'tadvin shod'.

2

پیشبرد صلح در منطقه نیازمند گفتگو است.

The advancement of peace in the region requires dialogue.

Noun phrase as a complex subject.

3

او تمام وقت خود را وقف پیشبرد این خیریه کرد.

He dedicated all his time to the advancement of this charity.

Verb 'vaqf kardan' (to dedicate).

4

عوامل متعددی در پیشبرد این موفقیت نقش داشتند.

Numerous factors played a role in the advancement of this success.

Plural noun 'avamel' (factors).

5

ما باید موانع پیشبرد طرح را شناسایی کنیم.

We must identify the obstacles to the advancement of the plan.

Compound noun 'mavane'-e pishbord'.

6

پیشبرد حقوق بشر یکی از وظایف اصلی ماست.

Advancing human rights is one of our primary duties.

Superlative-like structure 'yaki az vazayef-e asli'.

7

این کنفرانس به پیشبرد روابط تجاری کمک خواهد کرد.

This conference will help the advancement of trade relations.

Future tense 'komak khahad kard'.

8

او در پیشبرد اهداف علمی کشور پیشگام بود.

He was a pioneer in advancing the country's scientific goals.

Adjective 'pishgam' (pioneer).

1

پیشبرد اهداف استراتژیک نیازمند مدیریت هوشمندانه است.

Advancing strategic goals requires clever management.

Formal adjective 'estratezhik'.

2

این توافقنامه گامی مهم در پیشبرد امنیت جهانی است.

This agreement is an important step in advancing global security.

Metaphorical use of 'gam' (step).

3

دولت با چالش‌های بزرگی در پیشبرد اصلاحات مواجه است.

The government is facing major challenges in advancing reforms.

Verb 'movajeh budan' (to be facing).

4

پیشبرد عدالت مستلزم تغییر در قوانین قدیمی است.

Advancing justice necessitates changes in old laws.

Formal verb 'mostalzem budan' (to necessitate).

5

حمایت مالی از نخبگان به پیشبرد تکنولوژی کمک می‌کند.

Financial support for elites helps the advancement of technology.

Gerund-like subject 'hamayat-e mali'.

6

او برای پیشبرد مقاصد سیاسی خود از رسانه‌ها استفاده کرد.

He used the media to advance his political purposes.

Plural noun 'maqased' (purposes).

7

پیشبرد همکاری‌های دوجانبه در اولویت قرار دارد.

Advancing bilateral cooperation is a priority.

Noun phrase 'olaviyat' (priority).

8

این تحقیق نقش کلیدی در پیشبرد درمان سرطان دارد.

This research has a key role in advancing cancer treatment.

Adjective 'kelidi' (key).

1

پیشبرد گفتمان دموکراتیک مستلزم سعه صدر سیاسی است.

Advancing democratic discourse necessitates political tolerance.

Academic term 'gofteman' (discourse).

2

او با رویکردی نوین به پیشبرد نظریات فلسفی پرداخت.

He engaged in advancing philosophical theories with a modern approach.

Verb 'be ... pardakhtan' (to engage in).

3

تسهیل فرآیندهای اداری جهت پیشبرد سرمایه‌گذاری ضروری است.

Facilitating administrative processes for the purpose of advancing investment is essential.

Formal preposition 'jahat-e'.

4

پیشبرد منافع ملی نباید با اصول اخلاقی در تضاد باشد.

Advancing national interests should not be in conflict with ethical principles.

Negative modal 'nabayad' + 'dar tazad bashad'.

5

این نهاد در پیشبرد برنامه‌های توسعه پایدار فعالیت می‌کند.

This institution operates in advancing sustainable development programs.

Compound noun 'tose'e-ye paydar'.

6

پیشبرد سواد رسانه‌ای در عصر دیجیتال یک ضرورت است.

Advancing media literacy in the digital age is a necessity.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

7

او از نفوذ خود برای پیشبرد اهداف خیرخواهانه بهره برد.

He utilized his influence to advance charitable goals.

Verb 'bahreh bordan' (to utilize/benefit).

8

پیشبرد استانداردهای زیست‌محیطی نیازمند عزم جدی است.

Advancing environmental standards requires serious determination.

Formal phrase 'azm-e jeddi'.

1

پیشبرد مانیفست حزب در گرو اجماع اعضای اصلی است.

The advancement of the party's manifesto depends on the consensus of the core members.

Idiomatic structure 'dar gerov-e ... ast' (depends on).

2

سیاست‌های انقباضی ممکن است مانع پیشبرد طرح‌های عمرانی شود.

Contractionary policies might hinder the advancement of construction projects.

Economic term 'siasat-ha-ye enqibazi'.

3

پیشبرد تعاملات چندجانبه راهگشای بحران‌های بین‌المللی است.

Advancing multilateral interactions is the key to international crises.

Adjective 'rahgosha' (path-opening/key).

4

او در رساله خود به پیشبرد مبانی معرفت‌شناختی پرداخت.

In his dissertation, he engaged in advancing epistemological foundations.

Highly technical term 'ma'refat-shenakhti'.

5

پیشبرد وفاق ملی مستلزم بازنگری در ساختارهای قدرت است.

Advancing national consensus necessitates a review of power structures.

Political term 'vofaq-e melli'.

6

دیپلماسی عمومی ابزاری کارآمد برای پیشبرد اهداف نرم است.

Public diplomacy is an efficient tool for advancing soft goals.

International relations term 'ahdaf-e narm'.

7

پیشبرد عدالت قضایی از ارکان اصلی حاکمیت قانون است.

Advancing judicial justice is one of the main pillars of the rule of law.

Legal term 'hakemiyat-e qanun'.

8

او با ذکاوت تمام به پیشبرد برنامه‌های پنهانی خود ادامه داد.

With total shrewdness, he continued the advancement of his hidden agendas.

Adverbial phrase 'ba zakavat-e tamam'.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

پیشبرد اهداف
پیشبرد صلح
پیشبرد پروژه
کمک به پیشبرد
پیشبرد سریع
موانع پیشبرد
پیشبرد مذاکرات
پیشبرد عدالت
در جهت پیشبرد
پیشبرد برنامه‌ها

सामान्य वाक्यांश

نقش کلیدی در پیشبرد

— Having a very important role in moving something forward.

او نقش کلیدی در پیشبرد این اختراع داشت.

تلاش مستمر برای پیشبرد

— Continuous effort to advance a cause.

تلاش مستمر برای پیشبرد دموکراسی لازم است.

سرعت بخشیدن به پیشبرد

— To accelerate the advancement of something.

این ابزار به پیشبرد کار سرعت می‌بخشد.

تسهیل در پیشبرد امور

— Making the advancement of affairs easier.

دولت باید در پیشبرد امور اقتصادی تسهیل ایجاد کند.

پیشبرد منافع مشترک

— Advancing shared interests between parties.

همکاری برای پیشبرد منافع مشترک ضروری است.

گامی در جهت پیشبرد

— A step toward advancing something.

این توافق گامی در جهت پیشبرد صلح بود.

پیشبرد آرمان‌ها

— Advancing one's ideals or high goals.

او جان خود را در راه پیشبرد آرمان‌هایش داد.

پیشبرد دانش فنی

— Advancing technical knowledge.

این دوره آموزشی به پیشبرد دانش فنی کارمندان کمک کرد.

پیشبرد اصلاحات

— Advancing reforms in a system.

پیشبرد اصلاحات اداری زمان‌بر است.

پیشبرد سیاست‌های دولت

— Advancing government policies.

رسانه‌ها در پیشبرد سیاست‌های دولت نقش دارند.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

پیشبرد vs پیشرفت (Pishraft)

Pishraft is the result/progress; Pishbord is the action/advancement.

پیشبرد vs پیشروی (Pishravi)

Pishravi is military or territorial advancement.

پیشبرد vs پیشنهاد (Pishnehad)

Pishnehad means 'suggestion' or 'proposal', not advancement.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"پیش بردن کار"

— To manage or handle a task successfully.

او به خوبی توانست کار را پیش ببرد.

Neutral
"حرف خود را به کرسی نشاندن برای پیشبرد اهداف"

— To impose one's opinion to advance goals.

او برای پیشبرد اهدافش حرف خود را به کرسی نشاند.

Informal/Idiomatic
"یک تنه پیش بردن"

— To advance something single-handedly.

او یک تنه پروژه را پیش برد.

Informal
"لنگ‌لنگان پیش بردن"

— To advance something slowly or with difficulty.

آنها طرح را لنگ‌لنگان پیش می‌برند.

Informal
"پیشبرد با چنگ و دندان"

— To advance something with great struggle and effort.

او با چنگ و دندان پیشبرد اهدافش را دنبال کرد.

Literary/Idiomatic
"راه را برای پیشبرد هموار کردن"

— To pave the way for advancement.

این قانون راه را برای پیشبرد تجارت هموار کرد.

Formal
"پیشبرد در نطفه خفه شدن"

— For advancement to be stopped at the very beginning.

پیشبرد طرح در نطفه خفه شد.

Idiomatic
"آب در هاون کوبیدن برای پیشبرد"

— To do something futile to try to advance something.

تلاش او برای پیشبرد این طرح مثل آب در هاون کوبیدن است.

Idiomatic
"پیشبرد به قیمت جان"

— Advancing something at the cost of one's life.

او به قیمت جانش برای پیشبرد آزادی تلاش کرد.

Literary
"پیشبرد با چراغ خاموش"

— To advance something secretly or quietly.

آنها پروژه را با چراغ خاموش پیش بردند.

Colloquial

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

پیشبرد vs توسعه

Both involve growth.

Tose'e is broad development; Pishbord is tactical advancement.

توسعه اقتصادی (Economic development) vs پیشبرد طرح (Advancing the plan).

پیشبرد vs ارتقا

Both involve moving to a better state.

Erteqa is about rank or level (vertical); Pishbord is about the process (horizontal).

ارتقای شغلی (Promotion in rank) vs پیشبرد کار (Advancing the work).

پیشبرد vs ترویج

Both are used for 'promotion' in English.

Tarvij is for ideas/beliefs; Pishbord is for projects/actions.

ترویج صلح (Promoting the idea of peace) vs پیشبرد صلح (Actively advancing the peace process).

پیشبرد vs گسترش

Both involve making something 'more'.

Gostaresh is expansion of area/reach; Pishbord is movement toward a goal.

گسترش شهر (City expansion) vs پیشبرد پروژه (Project advancement).

پیشبرد vs تسریع

Learners often use 'pishbord' when they mean 'speeding up'.

Tasri' is the speed; Pishbord is the act.

تسریع در پیشبرد (Speeding up the advancement).

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

A1

برای پیشبرد [اسم] تلاش می‌کنم.

برای پیشبرد کار تلاش می‌کنم.

A2

[اسم] به پیشبرد [اسم] کمک می‌کند.

پول به پیشبرد پروژه کمک می‌کند.

B1

ما باید موانع پیشبرد [اسم] را برداریم.

ما باید موانع پیشبرد طرح را برداریم.

B2

پیشبرد [اسم] در اولویت برنامه‌های ماست.

پیشبرد اهداف علمی در اولویت برنامه‌های ماست.

C1

در راستای پیشبرد [اسم]، اقداماتی صورت گرفت.

در راستای پیشبرد صلح، اقداماتی صورت گرفت.

C1

پیشبرد [اسم] مستلزم [اسم] است.

پیشبرد عدالت مستلزم تغییر است.

C2

پیشبرد [اسم] در گروِ [اسم] است.

پیشبرد وفاق ملی در گرو تعامل است.

C2

نقشِ کلیدی در پیشبردِ [اسم] ایفا کردن.

او نقش کلیدی در پیشبرد این مانیفست ایفا کرد.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

پیشرفت (Progress)
پیشرو (Pioneer)
پیش‌برنده (Advancer/Driver)

क्रिया

پیش بردن (To advance/carry forward)
پیش رفتن (To progress/go forward)

विशेषण

پیشرو (Advanced/Leading)
پیشرفته (Advanced/Sophisticated)

संबंधित

توسعه (Development)
ترویج (Promotion)
ارتقا (Upgrade)
هدایت (Guidance)
مدیریت (Management)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

High in professional and media contexts; medium in daily speech.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • این پروژه پیشبرد خوبی داشت. این پروژه پیشرفت خوبی داشت.

    You use 'pishraft' (progress) as the result. 'Pishbord' is the action.

  • او اهداف را پیشبرد کرد. او اهداف را پیش برد.

    You cannot use 'pishbord' as a simple verb. Use the compound verb 'pish bordan'.

  • پیشبرد مریضی در شهر. گسترش مریضی در شهر.

    'Pishbord' is for intentional positive actions, not the spread of negative things like sickness.

  • پیشبرد ارتش به سمت مرز. پیشروی ارتش به سمت مرز.

    Military advancement is always 'pishravi'.

  • پیشبرد پروژه کردیم. به پیشبرد پروژه کمک کردیم.

    'Pishbord' is a noun and needs a supporting verb like 'komak kardan'.

सुझाव

Don't forget the Ezafe

Always say 'pishbord-E اهداف'. Without the 'e' sound, the sentence is broken.

Pair with 'Ahdaf'

If you want to sound natural, pair 'pishbord' with 'ahdaf' (goals). It's the most common combination.

Use in Meetings

Use this word in business meetings to sound more professional and competent.

Formal Writing

In formal letters, use 'جهت پیشبرد' instead of 'برای پیشبرد' for extra politeness.

The 'SH-B' cluster

The transition from 'sh' to 'b' is quick. Practice saying it slowly: Pish... Bord... Pishbord.

Pishbord vs Pishraft

Remember: Pishbord is the JOURNEY, Pishraft is the DESTINATION.

Verbal Help

Always look for the verb 'komak' (help) or 'tashil' (facilitate) nearby.

Positive Action

Only use it for things you *want* to happen. You don't 'pishbord' a disaster.

News keywords

When you hear 'pishbord' on the news, get ready to hear about a government plan.

Push-Board

Imagine pushing a board forward. Push (Pish) + Board (Bord) = Pishbord.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of a 'Pish' (Push) that 'Bord' (Bored) through the obstacles to reach the goal. Pish-Bord is the 'Push' that carries you through.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a person pushing a heavy stone ball (the project) up a hill toward a flag (the goal). The act of pushing is 'Pishbord'.

Word Web

Forward Carry Action Project Goals Management Strategy Success

चैलेंज

Try to use 'Pishbord' in a sentence about your own Persian learning journey today. For example: 'Reading this JSON helps the pishbord of my Persian skills!'

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The word is a modern Persian compound consisting of 'pish' (meaning forward or front) and 'bord' (the past stem of 'bordan', to carry). It literally means 'carrying forward.'

मूल अर्थ: Taking something to the front or moving it ahead.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Persian.

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The word is neutral but can sound 'bureaucratic' if overused in casual settings.

The word 'Pishbord' is best translated as 'advancement' in academic contexts or 'promotion' in business contexts, though 'furtherance' is the most literal formal equivalent.

Used frequently in the 'Bist-o-Seh' (20:30) news program in Iran. Common in the writings of Iranian management gurus like Dr. Alireza Azmandian. Found in official government development plans (Barnameh-ye Tose'e).

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Business/Workplace

  • پیشبرد پروژه
  • پیشبرد اهداف شرکت
  • تسهیل پیشبرد امور
  • گزارش پیشبرد کار

Politics/Diplomacy

  • پیشبرد صلح
  • پیشبرد مذاکرات هسته‌ای
  • پیشبرد منافع ملی
  • پیشبرد دموکراسی

Academic/Research

  • پیشبرد علم و دانش
  • پیشبرد تحقیقات پزشکی
  • پیشبرد نظریه‌های جدید
  • کمک به پیشبرد آموزش

Social/NGO

  • پیشبرد حقوق زنان
  • پیشبرد حفاظت از محیط زیست
  • پیشبرد عدالت اجتماعی
  • پیشبرد فرهنگ خیریه

Personal Development

  • پیشبرد اهداف شخصی
  • پیشبرد مسیر شغلی
  • پیشبرد مهارت‌های زبانی
  • پیشبرد سواد مالی

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای پیشبرد اهداف تیم چیست؟ (What do you think is the best way to advance the team's goals?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم پیشبرد این پروژه را سریع‌تر کنیم؟ (How can we speed up the advancement of this project?)"

"نقش تکنولوژی در پیشبرد آموزش در ایران را چگونه می‌بینید؟ (How do you see the role of technology in advancing education in Iran?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید مذاکرات فعلی به پیشبرد صلح کمک می‌کند؟ (Do you think the current negotiations help advance peace?)"

"برای پیشبرد مسیر شغلی خود چه برنامه‌ای دارید؟ (What plan do you have for advancing your career path?)"

डायरी विषय

امروز چه قدمی برای پیشبرد یکی از اهداف بزرگ خود برداشته‌اید؟ (What step did you take today to advance one of your big goals?)

موانع اصلی در پیشبرد پروژه‌های شخصی شما چیست و چگونه می‌توانید آنها را حل کنید؟ (What are the main obstacles in advancing your personal projects and how can you solve them?)

نقش مطالعه را در پیشبرد دانش عمومی خود توصیف کنید. (Describe the role of reading in advancing your general knowledge.)

اگر مدیر یک شرکت بودید، چه سیاست‌هایی برای پیشبرد رفاه کارمندان وضع می‌کردید؟ (If you were a company manager, what policies would you set to advance employee well-being?)

درباره اهمیت پیشبرد صلح در جهان امروز بنویسید. (Write about the importance of advancing peace in today's world.)

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, 'Pishbord' is for abstract things like projects or goals. For a physical car, use 'jolo raftan' or 'harekat kardan'.

Rarely. It sounds very formal. If you use it with friends, you might sound like you are giving a speech.

The verb 'komak kardan' (to help) is the most frequent partner: 'komak be pishbord-e...'

Grammatically yes (pishbord-ha), but it is almost always used in the singular because it's an abstract concept.

Not exactly. For a job promotion (rank), use 'erteqa'. For the 'promotion' of a cause or project, use 'pishbord'.

Use 'pish bordan'. For example: 'Man kar ra pish bordam' (I advanced the work).

Yes, both roots (pish and bord) are pure Persian, making it a favorite for formal and academic use.

No, that is 'gostaresh' or 'pishraft'. 'Pishbord' implies a positive, intentional human action.

It means 'advancement of peace,' referring to the active diplomatic efforts to reach a peace agreement.

Yes. 'Pishravi' is specifically military or physical movement (advancing troops). 'Pishbord' is for agendas and projects.

खुद को परखो 200 सवाल

writing

Write a sentence using 'پیشبرد اهداف'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Describe why technology helps 'پیشبرد علم'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a formal email sentence asking for help with 'پیشبرد پروژه'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'Advancing peace in the region is difficult.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'پیشبرد' in a sentence about your studies.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Explain the difference between 'پیشبرد' and 'پیشرفت' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence about 'پیشبرد عدالت اجتماعی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'New strategies for the advancement of negotiations.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'نقش کلیدی' and 'پیشبرد' in one sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence about 'پیشبرد تکنولوژی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'Obstacles to the advancement of the plan.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence using 'در راستای پیشبرد'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'پیشبرد' in a sentence about environmental protection.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Explain how 'پیشبرد' relates to management.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'Education is the key to the advancement of society.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence about 'پیشبرد روابط تجاری'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'پیشبرد' in a sentence about human rights.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'The government allocated a budget for the advancement of science.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence using 'تسهیل پیشبرد امور'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use 'پیشبرد' in a sentence about a secret project.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Explain the meaning of 'پیشبرد' in your own words.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

How can you use 'پیشبرد' in a job interview?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Talk about 'پیشبرد صلح' for one minute.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Why is 'پیشبرد علم' important for a country?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Describe a time you helped 'پیشبرد' a project.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

What are the 'موانع پیشبرد' in your learning Persian?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

How does technology help 'پیشبرد آموزش'?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Discuss 'پیشبرد حقوق زنان' in modern society.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

What is the role of a manager in 'پیشبرد اهداف شرکت'?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

How can we 'پیشبرد روابط تجاری' with other countries?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Is 'پیشبرد' a common word on the news?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

What is 'پیشبرد استراتژیک'?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Talk about 'پیشبرد فرهنگ مطالعه'.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Why do we use 'پیشبرد' instead of 'پیشرفت' in some cases?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Describe 'پیشبرد عدالت اجتماعی'.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

What does 'در جهت پیشبرد' mean?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

How do you say 'advancing career' in Persian?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

What is the literal meaning of 'Pishbord'?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Is 'Pishbord' a formal word?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Use 'پیشبرد' and 'تسهیل' in a sentence.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'ما برای پیشبرد اهدافمان به بودجه نیاز داریم.' What is needed?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد صلح در منطقه اولویت ماست.' What is the priority?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'او در پیشبرد این پروژه نقش کلیدی داشت.' What role did he have?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'موانع پیشبرد طرح شناسایی شدند.' What was identified?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'تکنولوژی به پیشبرد سریع‌تر کارها کمک می‌کند.' What does technology help with?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد عدالت مستلزم تغییر قوانین است.' What does advancing justice require?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'او تمام توان خود را صرف پیشبرد این خیریه کرد.' What did he spend his energy on?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد مذاکرات دشوار اما ممکن است.' Is the advancement possible?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'در راستای پیشبرد اهداف، جلسه تشکیل شد.' Why was the meeting held?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد حقوق بشر وظیفه ماست.' Whose duty is it?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'این نرم‌افزار برای پیشبرد آموزش است.' What is the software for?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد استانداردهای علمی ضروری است.' What kind of standards?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'او در پیشبرد نظریات جدید موفق بود.' What was he successful in?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'پیشبرد منافع ملی در اولویت است.' What is in priority?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen: 'تسهیل پیشبرد امور از وظایف مدیر است.' Whose task is it to facilitate?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

संबंधित सामग्री

business के और शब्द

عادتأ

B2

आदतन; प्रथा के अनुसार। उन कार्यों के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है जो आदत के कारण होते हैं।

عامیانه

B2

Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal.

اعطا کردن

B2

प्रदान करना या देना (एक अधिकार, शक्ति, या सम्मान)। विश्वविद्यालय ने उसे डिग्री प्रदान की।

اعتبار

A2

क्रेडिट, वैधता, प्रतिष्ठा। यह कार्ड बैलेंस, दस्तावेजों की वैधता या सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा को संदर्भित करता है।

اعتبار دادن

B1

किसी को या किसी चीज़ को श्रेय देना या विश्वसनीयता प्रदान करना।

اعتبار مالی

B1

Financial standing or reputation; available funds.

اعتباراً

B2

On credit; by means of credibility.

اعتباردهنده

B2

'اعتباردهنده' का अर्थ है लेनदार या ऋणदाता, वह संस्था जो दूसरे पक्ष को पैसा उधार देती है।

اعتبارنامه

B1

एक औपचारिक दस्तावेज जो किसी की योग्यता या अधिकार को प्रमाणित करता है। राजदूत ने राष्ट्रपति को अपना परिचय पत्र प्रस्तुत किया।

اعتباری

B1

क्रेडिट या ऋण से संबंधित, विशेष रूप से वित्तीय क्रेडिट।

क्या यह मददगार था?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!