B2 adverb 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

tuttavia

When you want to connect two sentences or ideas, and the second idea is a bit surprising or goes against the first one, you can use tuttavia. Think of it like saying 'however' or 'nevertheless' in English. It helps to show a contrast or a different perspective.

When you want to say 'however' or 'nevertheless' in Italian, you can use tuttavia. It's a useful word to connect two ideas where the second idea is a bit surprising or contrary to the first. Think of it like saying 'even so' or 'in spite of that'. You'll often see it at the beginning of a sentence or a clause to introduce a contrasting thought.

When you're speaking Italian at an intermediate level, you'll often need to connect ideas that show a contrast or concession. This is where "tuttavia" comes in handy.

It acts like "however" or "nevertheless" in English, allowing you to introduce a statement that contrasts with what was just said, or that presents an exception.

Using "tuttavia" makes your Italian sound more natural and sophisticated, moving beyond simple conjunctions like "ma" (but).

It's a versatile adverb that can be placed at the beginning of a sentence, or even mid-sentence, to add a nuanced connection between your thoughts.

When you want to express a contrast or a concession, tuttavia is a useful adverb. It's stronger than 'ma' (but) and implies that something happened or is true despite a preceding statement.

Think of it as adding a 'however' or 'nevertheless' to your sentence. It often introduces a clause that goes against what might be expected from the previous information. You'll typically find it at the beginning of a clause, often after a comma.

§ Understanding tuttavia

Alright, let's talk about the Italian word tuttavia. This is one of those words that you'll hear a lot in spoken Italian and see frequently in written Italian, especially as you move beyond basic conversations. It's a really useful adverb that helps you connect ideas and express a bit of contrast or concession.

Italian Word
tuttavia
Part of Speech
Adverb
CEFR Level
B2
Definition
In spite of that; nevertheless; however; yet.

Think of tuttavia as a way to say "but still" or "even so." It introduces a statement that contrasts with or qualifies something that was just said. It's not a strong contradiction, but more of a nuance or an additional point that might go against the initial expectation. It adds a layer of complexity to your sentences, which is why it's a B2 level word – you're moving beyond simple statements and starting to express more intricate thoughts.

§ When to use it

You'll use tuttavia when you want to:

  • Introduce a contrasting idea: Someone says something, and you want to add a point that, while not directly refuting it, presents a different perspective.

  • Show a concession: You acknowledge a point, but then you want to state something that still holds true despite that point.

  • Soften a disagreement: Instead of a harsh "no, but..." you can use tuttavia to introduce your differing opinion more gently.

It's often placed at the beginning of a sentence or clause, but it can also appear after the verb or even at the end for emphasis. Its placement can slightly change the flow and emphasis of your sentence, so pay attention to how native speakers use it.

§ Examples in action

Ha piovuto tutto il giorno; tuttavia, siamo usciti a fare una passeggiata.

It rained all day; nevertheless, we went out for a walk. (Here, despite the rain, they still went for a walk.)

Nonostante la stanchezza, ha deciso di continuare a studiare tuttavia.

Despite the tiredness, he decided to continue studying anyway. (Even though he was tired, he kept going.)

Il prezzo era alto, tuttavia ne valeva la pena.

The price was high; however, it was worth it. (High price, but the value overcame that.)

Mastering tuttavia will make your Italian sound much more natural and sophisticated. It allows you to express nuanced thoughts and connect ideas in a more flowing way. Practice using it in different contexts and pay attention to how native speakers integrate it into their speech and writing. You'll quickly get a feel for its rhythm and where it fits best.

§ Italian Word: tuttavia

Italian Word
tuttavia
Part of Speech
adverb
CEFR Level
B2
Definition
In spite of that; nevertheless.

Alright, let's get straight to it. You're learning Italian, and you need to know how to connect your ideas smoothly. That's where 'tuttavia' comes in. It's a key word for showing contrast or introducing a different perspective. Think of it like 'however' or 'nevertheless' in English. It's super useful for making your sentences more sophisticated and for expressing nuanced thoughts.

'Tuttavia' is an adverb, which means it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. More importantly, it acts as a conjunction, connecting clauses or sentences. This is where it really shines. You'll typically see it at the beginning of a sentence or a clause, but it can also be placed after the verb it modifies for emphasis.

§ How to use tuttavia in a sentence

The beauty of 'tuttavia' is its flexibility. You can use it to contradict a previous statement, introduce a concession, or simply show that something is true despite what was just said. Here are some practical examples to show you what I mean:

  • When contradicting a previous statement:

Ha piovuto tutto il giorno. Tuttavia, siamo usciti lo stesso. (It rained all day. Nevertheless, we went out anyway.)

  • When introducing a concession:

Il lavoro era difficile. Tuttavia, l'abbiamo finito in tempo. (The work was difficult. However, we finished it on time.)

  • To show something is true despite what was just said:

Non avevo molta fame. Tuttavia, ho mangiato un pezzo di pizza. (I wasn't very hungry. Nevertheless, I ate a piece of pizza.)

Notice how it connects two contrasting ideas. It's a formal word, so it's good for both written and spoken Italian, especially when you want to sound a bit more polished.

§ Grammar and prepositions with tuttavia

Good news here: 'tuttavia' doesn't usually require any specific prepositions to follow it. It's pretty self-contained. It acts as a bridge between two ideas, and it generally stands on its own. You won't find yourself needing to remember 'tuttavia di' or 'tuttavia a' in the same way you might with verbs or nouns.

The most important thing to remember is its placement. As an adverbial conjunction, it typically precedes the clause or sentence it introduces. Look at these examples:

Il tempo era brutto. Tuttavia, abbiamo deciso di andare al mare. (The weather was bad. Nevertheless, we decided to go to the beach.)

In this sentence, 'tuttavia' clearly separates the two contrasting ideas. It tells you that despite the bad weather, a decision was made that goes against what you might expect.

Ha studiato molto, tuttavia non ha superato l'esame. (He studied a lot, however he didn't pass the exam.)

Here, 'tuttavia' is placed after the comma, connecting two clauses within the same sentence. This is also perfectly correct and very common. The comma is crucial here to indicate a slight pause and the connection of contrasting ideas.

Practicing with 'tuttavia' will make your Italian sound more natural and allow you to express more complex thoughts. Don't shy away from using it in your conversations and writing. It's a sign that you're moving beyond basic sentence structures and really mastering the flow of the language. Keep practicing, and you'll be using it like a native in no time!

Ciao a tutti! In this section, we're going to dive into the Italian word tuttavia and explore how it compares to other similar Italian words. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more natural and precise in your Italian.

§ What "tuttavia" means

Italian Word
tuttavia (adverb)
Definition
In spite of that; nevertheless; however.

You use tuttavia to introduce a statement that contrasts with something that was just said, or to add a piece of information that goes against what you might expect. It's a formal way to say "but" or "however."

Ha piovuto molto, tuttavia non abbiamo annullato il picnic. (It rained a lot; nevertheless, we didn't cancel the picnic.)

È difficile, tuttavia non impossibile. (It's difficult; however, not impossible.)

§ Similar words and when to use them

Let's look at some other words that have similar meanings and when you should choose one over tuttavia.

  • Ma (but)
    This is the most common and versatile word for "but." It's used in everyday conversation and is generally less formal than tuttavia.

    Voglio venire, ma sono stanco. (I want to come, but I'm tired.)

  • Però (but, however, yet)
    Similar to ma, but often adds a slightly stronger sense of contradiction or surprise. It can also be placed at the end of a sentence for emphasis.

    Non ha studiato molto, ha passato l'esame però. (He didn't study much; he passed the exam though.)

  • Ciononostante (nevertheless, notwithstanding)
    This is quite formal, even more so than tuttavia. It emphasizes that something happens or is true despite a preceding fact or difficulty.

    La situazione era complessa; ciononostante, hanno trovato una soluzione. (The situation was complex; nevertheless, they found a solution.)

  • Eppure (and yet, still)
    This word suggests a contrast that is perhaps unexpected or goes against what seems logical. It can convey a sense of surprise or insistence.

    Ha detto di sì, eppure non l'ha fatto. (He said yes, and yet he didn't do it.)

§ When to choose "tuttavia"

Tuttavia sits in the middle ground regarding formality. It's more formal than ma or però, but less formal than ciononostante. It's perfect for:

  • Written communication, especially in essays, reports, or formal emails.
  • Adding a touch of sophistication to your spoken Italian when you want to present a clear, but not overly dramatic, contrast.
  • Expressing "however" or "nevertheless" when you're making an argument or explaining a complex situation.

The key is to think about the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. While ma is always a safe bet, using words like tuttavia will greatly improve your command of the Italian language. Practice using these words in different contexts, and you'll get a feel for when each one is most appropriate. Buono studio!

रोचक तथ्य

The word 'tuttavia' originally meant 'by every way' or 'entirely', evolving to its current meaning of 'nevertheless' or 'however' through a semantic shift where the idea of 'all ways' came to imply 'in any case' or 'despite everything'.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

tav
आम गलतियाँ
  • pronouncing the 'u' like in 'cut'
  • not emphasizing the 'tav' syllable

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 1/5

short

लिखना 1/5

short

बोलना 1/5

short

श्रवण 1/5

short

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

ma però nonostante

आगे सीखें

eppure comunque

उन्नत

ciononostante nondimeno

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

tuttavia vs However

While 'tuttavia' translates to 'however,' it's often more formal and emphasizes a stronger contrast than a simple 'but.' Other Italian words like 'però' or 'ma' might be more suitable for a direct 'however' in casual speech.

tuttavia vs But

Though 'tuttavia' can sometimes be translated as 'but,' especially in a more formal context, 'ma' or 'però' are the more common and direct translations for 'but' in Italian. 'Tuttavia' carries a stronger implication of 'in spite of that.'

tuttavia vs Still

When 'still' implies 'yet' or 'even so,' 'eppure' is often a more accurate translation than 'tuttavia.' 'Tuttavia' focuses on the contrast, while 'eppure' can convey a sense of surprise or persistence despite something.

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

tuttavia vs comunque

'Comunque' is similar to 'tuttavia' in that it expresses a concession or a contrast. However, 'comunque' often has a nuance of 'anyway' or 'in any case,' suggesting that something will happen regardless of a previous statement. 'Tuttavia' is more formal and directly means 'nevertheless' or 'however.'

Use 'tuttavia' for a formal 'nevertheless' or 'however' introducing a contrasting idea. Use 'comunque' for a more casual 'anyway' or 'in any case,' often implying a continuation despite something.

Non ho studiato molto, tuttavia spero di passare l'esame. (I didn't study much, nevertheless I hope to pass the exam.) / Ho un sacco di lavoro da fare, comunque andrò alla festa. (I have a lot of work to do, anyway I'll go to the party.)

tuttavia vs però

'Però' is a very common word for 'but' or 'however,' and it can often be used interchangeably with 'tuttavia' in certain contexts. The main difference is that 'però' is more informal and can be placed at the end of a sentence for emphasis, which 'tuttavia' cannot.

'Tuttavia' is more formal and usually appears at the beginning of a clause. 'Però' is more versatile and can be used in more casual settings, and it can also be used to add a 'but' at the end of a sentence.

Sono stanco, tuttavia devo finire questo lavoro. (I'm tired, nevertheless I have to finish this work.) / Mi piace molto il caffè, non lo bevo spesso però. (I really like coffee, but I don't drink it often.)

tuttavia vs eppure

'Eppure' also means 'yet' or 'still,' expressing a contradiction or something unexpected despite what was just said. It's similar to 'tuttavia' in introducing a contrasting idea, but 'eppure' often conveys a sense of surprise or irony.

'Tuttavia' simply introduces a contrasting fact. 'Eppure' adds a layer of unexpectedness or irony to the contrast, suggesting that something is true even though it might seem contradictory.

Ha piovuto tutto il giorno, eppure la temperatura è alta. (It rained all day, yet the temperature is high.) / Nonostante le difficoltà, tuttavia siamo riusciti a completare il progetto. (Despite the difficulties, nevertheless we managed to complete the project.)

tuttavia vs nonostante

'Nonostante' means 'despite' or 'in spite of,' and it often precedes a noun or a gerund. While it expresses a similar idea of contrast as 'tuttavia,' it's grammatically different as 'tuttavia' is an adverb linking two clauses, and 'nonostante' is a preposition.

Use 'tuttavia' to connect two independent clauses with 'nevertheless.' Use 'nonostante' followed by a noun or a verb in the infinitive or gerund form (often with 'che' and the subjunctive) to express 'despite' or 'in spite of something.'

Fa freddo, tuttavia andrò a fare una passeggiata. (It's cold, nevertheless I will go for a walk.) / Nonostante il freddo, andrò a fare una passeggiata. (Despite the cold, I will go for a walk.)

tuttavia vs ciò nonostante

'Ciò nonostante' is a phrase that directly means 'nevertheless' or 'despite that,' making it a very close synonym to 'tuttavia.' The confusion lies in their near identical meaning and usage, with 'tuttavia' being a single word and 'ciò nonostante' a phrase.

Both are quite interchangeable. 'Tuttavia' is a single word, while 'ciò nonostante' is a two-word phrase. Both are formal and convey the same meaning of 'nevertheless' or 'however' as a strong contrast to a previous statement.

Era molto stanco, ciò nonostante ha continuato a lavorare. (He was very tired, nevertheless he continued to work.) / Era molto stanco, tuttavia ha continuato a lavorare. (He was very tired, nevertheless he continued to work.)

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

From 'tutta via'

मूल अर्थ: by every way or entirely

Latin, from 'tota via'

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The word 'tuttavia' is a common and useful adverb in Italian, frequently encountered in both spoken and written communication. It serves to introduce a contrasting idea or a point that limits or modifies what has just been said, much like 'however' or 'nevertheless' in English. Using 'tuttavia' appropriately can help your Italian sound more natural and sophisticated, allowing for smoother transitions between contrasting thoughts.

खुद को परखो 48 सवाल

listening A1

Listen to the greeting and how someone asks 'how are you?'

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Ciao, come stai?
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening A1

Listen to how someone introduces their name.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Mi chiamo Anna.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening A1

Listen to someone say they speak a little Italian.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Parlo un po' di italiano.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

Buongiorno.

Focus: Buon-jor-no

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

Grazie.

Focus: Gra-tzee-eh

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking A1

Read this aloud:

Arrivederci.

Focus: Ar-ree-veh-der-chee

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
fill blank A2

Ho studiato molto, ___ non ho passato l'esame. (I studied a lot, ___ I didn't pass the exam.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' means 'nevertheless' or 'however', fitting the contrast between studying a lot and not passing the exam.

fill blank A2

Il tempo era brutto, ___ siamo andati al mare. (The weather was bad, ___ we went to the beach.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' introduces a contrast, indicating that despite the bad weather, they still went to the beach.

fill blank A2

Non mi sentivo bene, ___ sono andato a lavorare. (I didn't feel well, ___ I went to work.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Here, 'tuttavia' emphasizes that even though the person didn't feel well, they still went to work.

fill blank A2

Il film era lungo, ___ non mi sono annoiato. (The movie was long, ___ I wasn't bored.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' shows a contrast: despite the movie's length, boredom was avoided.

fill blank A2

Ha promesso di venire, ___ non si è presentato. (He promised to come, ___ he didn't show up.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' highlights the contradiction between the promise and the outcome.

fill blank A2

Il prezzo era alto, ___ ho deciso di comprarlo. (The price was high, ___ I decided to buy it.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' indicates that despite the high price, the decision to buy was made.

fill blank B1

Fa freddo, ___ non indosserò una giacca.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' introduces a contrasting idea, similar to 'nevertheless' or 'however.'

fill blank B1

Lo studio era lungo, ___ ne è valsa la pena.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' shows that despite the length of the study, the effort was worthwhile.

fill blank B1

Non ho studiato molto, ___ spero di passare l'esame.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' expresses a hope that contrasts with the lack of studying.

fill blank B1

Il ristorante era costoso, ___ il cibo era delizioso.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' indicates that despite the high cost, the food was good.

fill blank B1

Ha promesso di venire, ___ non è ancora arrivato.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' highlights the contrast between the promise and the current situation.

fill blank B1

La strada era scivolosa, ___ siamo arrivati sani e salvi.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' shows that despite the slippery road, they arrived safely.

listening B1

Listen for 'tuttavia' and understand the context.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Ho studiato molto, tuttavia non ho superato l'esame.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B1

The speaker is describing a contrasting situation.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Era molto stanco, tuttavia ha continuato a lavorare.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening B1

What did they do despite the bad weather?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Il tempo era brutto, tuttavia siamo andati in spiaggia.
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

La macchina è vecchia, tuttavia funziona ancora bene.

Focus: tuttavia

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

Non mi piace il caffè, tuttavia lo bevo la mattina per svegliarmi.

Focus: tuttavia

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

Pioveva forte, tuttavia siamo usciti a fare una passeggiata.

Focus: tuttavia

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
fill blank B2

Ha studiato duramente per l'esame, ___ non ha ottenuto il risultato sperato.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' introduces a contrasting idea, meaning 'nevertheless' or 'however'. She studied hard, yet didn't get the desired result.

fill blank B2

Il tempo era brutto, ___ siamo andati lo stesso a fare una passeggiata.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Here, 'tuttavia' emphasizes that despite the bad weather, they still went for a walk.

fill blank B2

La situazione economica è difficile, ___ c'è speranza di miglioramento.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' indicates a contradiction: the difficult economic situation exists, but there's still hope.

fill blank B2

Non mi sentivo molto bene, ___ ho deciso di andare al lavoro.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Despite not feeling well, the person decided to go to work, making 'tuttavia' the correct choice.

fill blank B2

Il film era lungo, ___ molto interessante e coinvolgente.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

'Tuttavia' effectively shows the contrast between the length of the film and its interesting nature.

fill blank B2

Non è un compito facile, ___ sono sicuro che ce la farai.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

The difficulty of the task is acknowledged, but 'tuttavia' introduces the speaker's confidence, meaning 'nevertheless' you will succeed.

sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Sta piovendo; tuttavia, andremo al mare.

'Tuttavia' introduces a contrast. The rain is happening, but the action of going to the beach will still occur.

sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: È stanco; tuttavia, non si arrende.

Here, 'tuttavia' shows that despite being tired, the person continues and doesn't give up.

sentence order B2

सेंटेंस बनाने के लिए नीचे शब्दों पर टैप करो
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Il suo italiano è migliorato; tuttavia, non è ancora perfetto.

'Tuttavia' highlights the improvement but also the remaining imperfection.

multiple choice C1

Choose the best synonym for 'tuttavia'.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Ciononostante

'Ciononostante' is a direct synonym for 'tuttavia', both meaning 'nevertheless' or 'nonetheless'.

multiple choice C1

Which sentence uses 'tuttavia' correctly?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Ha studiato molto, tuttavia non ha superato l'esame. (He studied a lot, nevertheless he didn't pass the exam.)

'Tuttavia' introduces a contrasting idea. In this case, studying a lot would typically lead to passing, so not passing is the contrasting outcome.

multiple choice C1

Which of the following cannot replace 'tuttavia' in the sentence: 'Pioveva, tuttavia siamo andati lo stesso.' (It was raining, nevertheless we went anyway.)

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Perciò

'Perciò' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', indicating a consequence, not a contrast.

true false C1

'Tuttavia' can be used to introduce a consequence.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

'Tuttavia' is used to introduce a contrasting or concessive idea, not a consequence.

true false C1

The sentence 'La situazione è complessa, tuttavia non dobbiamo arrenderci.' (The situation is complex, nevertheless we must not give up.) uses 'tuttavia' correctly.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: सही

'Tuttavia' correctly introduces a contrasting idea to the complexity of the situation.

true false C1

In formal writing, 'tuttavia' can often be replaced by 'quindi'.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: गलत

'Quindi' means 'therefore' and implies a result, while 'tuttavia' implies a contrast. They are not interchangeable.

fill blank C2

Il progetto era ambizioso; ___, siamo riusciti a completarlo in tempo.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia means 'nevertheless' or 'however', which fits the contrast between an ambitious project and its timely completion.

fill blank C2

Aveva studiato molto per l'esame, ___, i risultati non furono quelli sperati.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia introduces a contrasting idea, indicating that despite studying a lot, the results were not as expected.

fill blank C2

Il traffico era intenso; ___, siamo arrivati in orario all'appuntamento.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia conveys the idea of 'in spite of that', showing that despite heavy traffic, they arrived on time.

fill blank C2

Nonostante le difficoltà iniziali, ___, il team ha dimostrato grande resilienza.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia connects the initial difficulties with the team's resilience, indicating a contrast or concession.

fill blank C2

Il tempo era inclemente; ___, la manifestazione si è svolta regolarmente.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia implies that despite the bad weather, the event proceeded as planned.

fill blank C2

Le previsioni erano negative; ___, l'economia ha mostrato segni di ripresa.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: tuttavia

Tuttavia introduces a statement that contrasts with the negative forecasts, indicating an unexpected positive outcome.

/ 48 correct

Perfect score!

क्या यह मददगार था?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!