殆ど
When you want to say that something is 'almost' or 'mostly' true, you can use 殆ど (hotondo).
For example, if you say 殆ど 毎日 (hotondo mainichi), it means 'almost every day'.
You can also use 殆ど (hotondo) with a negative verb to mean 'hardly at all' or 'barely'.
So, if you hear someone say 殆ど 食べない (hotondo tabenai), it means they 'hardly eat' or 'don't eat much at all'.
When you're learning Japanese, you'll find words like 殆ど (hotondo) incredibly useful for expressing nuance. It's an adverb that generally means 'almost' or 'nearly'.
For instance, if you want to say 'I almost finished the homework,' you can use 殆ど. However, it can also mean 'hardly' or 'scarcely' when used with a negative verb.
So, 'I hardly eat meat' would also use 殆ど. Pay attention to the context to understand its meaning correctly!
When used with a positive verb or sentence, 殆ど (hotondo) means 'almost' or 'mostly.' For example, 殆ど終わった means 'It's almost finished.' You'll hear this often in daily conversation.
However, when paired with a negative verb or phrase, 殆ど takes on the meaning of 'hardly' or 'barely.' For instance, 殆ど食べない means 'I hardly eat.' Pay close attention to the verb's polarity to correctly understand its meaning.
Understanding this distinction is crucial for both comprehension and accurate expression in Japanese.
When used with a positive predicate, 殆ど (hotondo) means 'almost' or 'mostly'. For example, 殆ど終わった (hotondo owatta) means 'It's almost finished'.
However, when used with a negative predicate, 殆ど takes on the meaning of 'hardly' or 'scarcely'. For instance, 殆ど食べない (hotondo tabenai) translates to 'hardly eats' or 'scarcely eats'.
It's important to pay attention to the verb's polarity to correctly understand the nuance of 殆ど. This word is quite versatile and appears frequently in everyday conversation.
When used with a positive predicate, 「ほとんど」 (hotondo) means 'almost' or 'mostly.' It indicates that something is very close to completion or that a large majority of something is true. For example, 「仕事はほとんど終わった」 (shigoto wa hotondo owatta) means 'The work is almost finished.'
When used with a negative predicate, 「ほとんど」 means 'hardly,' 'scarcely,' or 'rarely.' In this case, it emphasizes the near absence of something. For instance, 「ほとんど話さない」 (hotondo hanasanai) means 'hardly ever talk' or 'rarely speak.' The nuance here is that while there might be a tiny amount, it's practically none.
It's important to pay attention to the predicate to correctly interpret the meaning of 「ほとんど」. The contrast in meaning is significant, going from a high degree of presence to a high degree of absence.
When used with a positive predicate, 殆ど (hotondo) means 'almost' or 'mostly'. For example, 殆ど終わった (hotondo owatta) means 'It's almost finished.'
When used with a negative predicate, 殆ど (hotondo) means 'hardly' or 'scarcely.' For example, 殆ど食べない (hotondo tabenai) means 'I hardly eat.'
It emphasizes that something is very close to a state or that something rarely happens.
殆ど 30 सेकंड में
- Hotondo means 'almost' or 'hardly'.
- Use with positive verbs for 'almost all'.
- Use with negative verbs for 'hardly any'.
§ Understanding 殆ど (hotondo)
殆ど (hotondo) is a versatile Japanese adverb that translates to "almost," "mostly," "hardly," or "scarcely." Its specific meaning depends heavily on the context and whether it's used with affirmative or negative verbs. It's a very common word in daily Japanese conversation, so mastering it will greatly improve your fluency.
§ 殆ど (hotondo) with affirmative verbs: "Almost" or "Mostly"
When 殆ど (hotondo) is used with an affirmative verb, it generally means "almost" or "mostly." It indicates that something is very close to happening, or that a large part of something is true or complete.
- Usage
- 殆ど + affirmative verb
仕事は殆ど終わった。
- Hint
- The work is almost finished.
彼は殆ど毎日運動している。
- Hint
- He exercises almost every day.
この本は殆ど読んだ。
- Hint
- I have mostly read this book.
§ 殆ど (hotondo) with negative verbs: "Hardly" or "Scarcely"
When 殆ど (hotondo) is followed by a negative verb (e.g., ~ない, ~ません), its meaning shifts to "hardly," "scarcely," "rarely," or "almost never." It emphasizes the near absence of something or the infrequent occurrence of an action.
- Usage
- 殆ど + negative verb
彼は殆ど話さない。
- Hint
- He hardly talks. / He almost never talks.
最近、殆ど寝ていない。
- Hint
- Lately, I've hardly slept. / I haven't slept almost at all recently.
彼の話は殆ど理解できなかった。
- Hint
- I hardly understood his story.
§ 殆ど (hotondo) + の + Noun
You can also use 殆ど (hotondo) to modify nouns by adding the particle の (no) after it. In this case, it means "most of" or "almost all of."
- Usage
- 殆ど + の + Noun
殆どの生徒が試験に合格した。
- Hint
- Most of the students passed the exam.
これは殆どの人が知っている事実だ。
- Hint
- This is a fact that almost everyone knows.
§ Common phrases with 殆ど (hotondo)
Here are some common phrases where 殆ど (hotondo) is often used:
- 殆どいない (hotondo inai)
- Almost no one / Hardly anyone
パーティーには殆ど人がいなかった。
- Hint
- There was hardly anyone at the party.
- 殆どない (hotondo nai)
- Almost nothing / Hardly any
冷蔵庫には殆ど食べ物がない。
- Hint
- There is almost no food in the refrigerator.
§ Key takeaway
The meaning of 殆ど (hotondo) heavily relies on whether the verb it modifies is affirmative or negative. Pay attention to the verb that follows 殆ど (hotondo) to correctly understand its nuance.
§ Understanding 殆ど (hotondo)
Let's break down 殆ど (hotondo). It's an A2 level adverb that means 'almost' or 'hardly' (when used with a negative verb). It's a very common word, so you'll hear it a lot in everyday conversations, at work, in school, and even in the news.
- Japanese Word
- 殆ど (hotondo)
- Pronunciation
- ho-ton-do
- Meaning
- Almost; hardly (with negative)
§ 殆ど (hotondo) in Everyday Work Situations
In a work setting, 殆ど is super useful for talking about progress, tasks, or attendance. You'll hear it to describe something that's nearly complete or something that rarely happens.
このプロジェクトは殆ど終わりました。
- Hint
- This project is almost finished.
彼は会議に殆ど出席しません。
- Hint
- He hardly attends meetings.
§ 殆ど (hotondo) in School Life
In a school context, 殆ど can be used to talk about studying, homework, or even social activities. It's great for expressing how much you've done or how often something happens.
宿題は殆ど終わったよ。
- Hint
- I've almost finished my homework.
彼女は殆ど部活動に参加しない。
- Hint
- She hardly participates in club activities.
§ Hearing 殆ど (hotondo) in the News
News reports often use 殆ど to convey information concisely. It's common when discussing statistics, progress of events, or general situations.
災害地域の復旧作業は殆ど完了した模様です。
- Hint
- It seems that the recovery efforts in the disaster area are almost complete.
この地域では、最近殆ど雨が降っていません。
- Hint
- It has hardly rained in this area recently.
§ Key Takeaways for 殆ど (hotondo)
Here are the main points to remember about 殆ど:
- It means 'almost' when used with a positive verb or statement.
- It means 'hardly' or 'scarcely' when used with a negative verb. This is crucial!
- You'll hear it in a wide range of situations, from casual chats to formal news reports.
Let's learn about 殆ど (hotondo). This word is useful for talking about things that are 'almost' true, or 'hardly' happening. It's pretty common, so mastering it will help you a lot in everyday conversations.
§ What 殆ど means
- Meaning 1
- Almost all; nearly.
When 殆ど is used this way, it means 'almost all' or 'most' of something. You'll often see it with affirmative sentences.
今日の宿題は殆ど終わった。
Here, it means 'I've almost finished today's homework.' It implies that a large part of it is done, but maybe a tiny bit is left.
会議には殆どの人が参加した。
This means 'Most people attended the meeting.' So, a very high percentage of people were there.
- Meaning 2
- Hardly; scarcely (with negative verb).
This is where it gets a little tricky. When 殆ど is followed by a negative verb, its meaning flips to 'hardly' or 'scarcely.' It indicates a very small amount or almost nothing.
彼の日本語は殆どわからない。
This sentence means 'I hardly understand his Japanese.' It's saying you understand very little, almost nothing.
今日は殆ど何も食べなかった。
Here, it translates to 'I hardly ate anything today,' or 'I ate almost nothing today.'
§ Similar words
There are a few other words that have similar meanings to 殆ど, but they are used in slightly different contexts. Let's break them down.
- ほとんど (hotondo): This is the hiragana spelling of 殆ど. They are exactly the same word and can be used interchangeably. In modern Japanese, the hiragana version is more common, especially in general writing.
- だいたい (daitai): This also means 'mostly' or 'generally.' However, だいたい often implies a rough estimate or a general idea, while 殆ど suggests a higher degree of completeness or near-total absence.
だいたい理解できた。
I generally understood it (implies a good but not perfect understanding).
殆ど理解できた。
I almost entirely understood it (implies a very high level of understanding, close to 100%).
- ほぼ (hobo): Similar to 殆ど and だいたい, ほぼ means 'almost' or 'approximately.' It's often used for numerical approximations or when something is very close to a certain state.
仕事はほぼ完了した。
The work is almost complete.
§ When to use 殆ど
Use 殆ど when you want to express:
- That something is very close to being 100% complete or true (with affirmative verbs).
- That something is very close to being 0% true or complete (with negative verbs).
It gives a strong sense of 'nearly all' or 'nearly none.' Practice using it in both positive and negative contexts to really get a feel for it.
How Formal Is It?
"そのプロジェクトはほぼ完了しております。"
"今日の会議にはほとんどの人が参加しました。"
"宿題だいたい終わったよ。"
"もうちょっとでケーキ全部食べちゃった!"
"あの仕事、ほぼほぼ終わったよ。"
रोचक तथ्य
While written with kanji, '殆ど' is often used in hiragana as 'ほとんど' in modern Japanese for readability.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- confusing with 'hotondo' (ほとんど) due to similar sound but different kanji
कठिनाई स्तर
Common kanji, relatively easy to recognize.
Few strokes, easy to write.
Common pronunciation, straightforward.
Clear pronunciation, easy to distinguish.
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
殆ど毎日日本語を勉強します。
I study Japanese almost every day.
このクラスの生徒は殆ど日本人です。
Almost all students in this class are Japanese.
今日の会議には殆ど誰も来ませんでした。
Almost no one came to today's meeting.
冷蔵庫には殆ど何もありません。
There is almost nothing in the refrigerator.
彼は殆ど英語を話せません。
He can hardly speak English.
この本は殆ど読み終わりました。
I have almost finished reading this book.
殆ど雪が降っていません。
It's hardly snowing.
私の日本語は殆ど上達していません。
My Japanese has hardly improved.
ほとんど毎日日本語を勉強しています。
I study Japanese almost every day.
このプロジェクトはほとんど完成しています。
This project is almost complete.
ほとんどの学生が試験に合格しました。
Almost all students passed the exam.
週末はほとんど家にいました。
I was almost always at home on the weekend.
あの映画はほとんどの人が好きだと思います。
I think almost everyone likes that movie.
彼はほとんど何も言わなかった。
He hardly said anything.
Used with a negative verb.
今日はほとんど雨が降らなかった。
It hardly rained today.
Used with a negative verb.
彼女はほとんど英語を話せません。
She can hardly speak English.
Used with a negative verb.
そのプロジェクトは殆ど完成している。
The project is almost finished.
殆ど followed by a positive verb indicates 'almost finished/completed'.
彼は殆ど毎日ジムに通っている。
He goes to the gym almost every day.
Used with frequency words like 毎日 (every day) to mean 'almost every'.
この問題は殆ど解決したと言っていいだろう。
It's safe to say this problem is almost resolved.
殆ど can be used with more complex verb phrases like 解決したと言っていい (it's safe to say it's resolved).
彼女は忙しくて殆ど寝る時間がなかった。
She was so busy she hardly had time to sleep.
殆ど followed by a negative verb (なかった) means 'hardly had'.
最近は忙しくて、殆どテレビを見ていない。
I've been busy recently, so I hardly watch TV.
テレビを見ていない (not watching TV) is negated; 殆ど emphasizes the lack of action.
彼の話は殆ど理解できなかった。
I could hardly understand his story.
理解できなかった (couldn't understand) is a negative potential form, emphasizing the difficulty.
この本は殆ど読み終えたところだ。
I'm almost done reading this book.
読み終えたところだ (just finished reading) indicates being near completion.
彼の計画は殆ど完璧だったが、一つだけ欠点があった。
His plan was almost perfect, but there was just one flaw.
完璧だった (was perfect) is positive, showing 'almost perfect' with a nuance of slight imperfection.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
彼は殆ど話さない。
He hardly speaks.
会議は殆ど終わった。
The meeting is almost over.
この問題は殆ど解決した。
This problem is almost solved.
私は殆ど毎日運動しています。
I exercise almost every day.
その映画は殆ど完璧だった。
That movie was almost perfect.
彼の日本語は殆どネイティブレベルだ。
His Japanese is almost native level.
私は殆ど寝ていない。
I hardly slept.
殆どの人はそう思っている。
Most people think so.
この作業は殆ど不可能だ。
This task is almost impossible.
彼らの意見は殆ど一緒だった。
Their opinions were almost the same.
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
Can mean 'almost all' with positive verbs and 'hardly any' with negative verbs.
Always used with negative verbs to mean 'not very much' or 'not really.'
Always used with negative verbs to mean 'rarely' or 'seldom.'
व्याकरण पैटर्न
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
"殆ど~ない"
hardly ever; almost never
最近は忙しくて、殆どテレビを見ない。 (I've been busy lately, so I hardly ever watch TV.)
neutral"殆ど全部"
almost all; nearly everything
宿題は殆ど全部終わったよ。 (I've finished almost all of my homework.)
neutral"殆ど同じ"
almost the same; nearly identical
この二つのデザインは殆ど同じだね。 (These two designs are almost identical, aren't they?)
neutral"殆ど完璧"
almost perfect; nearly flawless
彼女の日本語は殆ど完璧だ。 (Her Japanese is almost perfect.)
neutral"殆ど毎日"
almost every day; nearly daily
彼は殆ど毎日ジムに行く。 (He goes to the gym almost every day.)
neutral"殆ど無意味"
almost meaningless; nearly pointless
その議論は殆ど無意味だった。 (That discussion was almost meaningless.)
neutral"殆ど不可能"
almost impossible; nearly unachievable
今の状況では、それは殆ど不可能だ。 (In the current situation, that's almost impossible.)
neutral"殆ど知らない"
hardly know; almost no knowledge of
私は彼のことを殆ど知らない。 (I hardly know anything about him.)
neutral"殆ど理解できない"
hardly understand; almost incomprehensible
彼の言っていることは殆ど理解できない。 (What he's saying is almost incomprehensible.)
neutral"殆ど見えない"
hardly visible; almost invisible
霧が濃くて、殆ど見えない。 (The fog is so thick, I can hardly see.)
neutralआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
This word can be tricky because its meaning changes depending on whether it's used with a positive or negative verb. It can mean 'almost all' or 'hardly any,' which are quite opposite!
When used with a positive verb, 殆ど means 'almost all' or 'mostly.' When used with a negative verb, it means 'hardly any' or 'scarcely.'
殆ど食べました。 (Hotondo tabemashita.) - I ate almost all of it. 殆ど食べませんでした。 (Hotondo tabemasen deshita.) - I hardly ate any of it.
Like 殆ど, あまり also has a meaning that shifts with negation, leading to confusion with other similar words.
あまり always needs to be followed by a negative verb, meaning 'not very much' or 'not really.' It cannot be used with a positive verb.
あまり美味しくないです。(Amari oishikunai desu.) - It's not very delicious.
This word also conveys infrequency, similar to 殆ど when used negatively, making it easy to mix up.
めったに always takes a negative verb and means 'rarely' or 'seldom.' It emphasizes the infrequency of an action.
めったに映画を見ません。(Mettani eiga o mimasen.) - I rarely watch movies.
This is the negative form of 殆ど, which directly translates to 'hardly any' and is often confused with あまり or めったに.
This phrase specifically indicates that 'almost none' of something happened or exists. It's a direct negation of 殆ど (almost all).
ほとんど人がいません。(Hotondo hito ga imasen.) - There are hardly any people.
This phrase is easily confused with ほとんど~ない and めったに~ない due to their similar negative connotations.
This indicates 'not very much' or 'not really,' implying a degree of something rather than a near-total absence.
あまり日本語が分かりません。(Amari Nihongo ga wakarimasen.) - I don't understand Japanese very well.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
殆ど + Verb
殆ど食べました。 (I almost ate it all.)
殆ど + Adjective
殆ど同じです。 (It's almost the same.)
殆ど + Noun (with の)
殆どの人が来ました。 (Almost everyone came.)
殆ど + Negative Verb
殆ど知りません。 (I hardly know.)
殆ど + Negative Adjective
殆ど美味しくない。 (It's hardly delicious.)
殆ど + 毎日/毎週/毎年 (almost every day/week/year)
殆ど毎日走っています。 (I run almost every day.)
殆ど + 全部 (almost all)
殆ど全部終わりました。 (Almost everything is finished.)
殆ど + ない (hardly any/nothing)
お金が殆どない。 (I have hardly any money.)
सुझाव
Meaning of 殆ど
The word 殆ど (hotondo) is an adverb. It can mean almost all or hardly any, depending on the context.
Using 殆ど for 'almost all'
When 殆ど is used with an affirmative verb or a positive statement, it means almost all or most of. For example, 殆どの人が賛成した (hotondo no hito ga sansei shita) means 'Almost everyone agreed'.
Using 殆ど for 'hardly any'
When 殆ど is used with a negative verb or a negative statement, it means hardly any or almost none. For example, 殆ど食べなかった (hotondo tabenakatta) means 'I hardly ate anything'.
Common patterns with 殆ど
You'll often see 殆ど followed by の (no) when modifying a noun (e.g., 殆どの学生 - most students), or directly before a verb or adjective.
Contrast with 全て (subete)
While 殆ど means almost all, 全て (subete) means all or everything. Pay attention to this distinction.
Examples for 'almost all'
殆ど終わった (Hotondo owatta). It's almost finished.
殆ど毎日 (Hotondo mainichi). Almost every day.
Examples for 'hardly any'
殆ど話さない (Hotondo hanasanai). Hardly speaks.
殆ど来ない (Hotondo konai). Hardly ever comes.
Don't confuse with 少し (sukoshi)
少し (sukoshi) means a little. 殆ど with a negative implies very little or almost none, which is stronger than just 'a little'.
Practice sentences
Try making your own sentences using 殆ど with both positive and negative verbs to solidify your understanding. For example, 彼は殆ど本を読みます (Kare wa hotondo hon o yomimasu) - He reads almost every book. or 彼は殆ど本を読みません (Kare wa hotondo hon o yomimasen) - He hardly reads books.
Nuance of usage
While 殆ど covers a wide range, sometimes other words like ほぼ (hobo) can also mean almost. 殆ど often has a slightly more quantitative or complete sense than ほぼ.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Think of a 'hot pond' (hotondo). If a pond is almost hot, it's 'hotondo' there. If you say 'hotondo' with a negative, it's 'hardly' hot at all.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a thermometer. When the mercury is 'almost' at the top, it's 殆ど. When it's 'hardly' at the top, and you add a negative, it's still 殆ど.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Try to say what you 'almost' did today or what you 'hardly' ever do in Japanese using 殆ど. For example, '私は今日、殆ど仕事を終えました。' (I almost finished my work today.) or '私は殆どお酒を飲みません。' (I hardly drink alcohol.)
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Comes from the kanji '殆' (hotondo/ai) meaning 'very, almost, nearly' and the kanji 'ど' (do) which is often used phonetically or to represent a degree.
मूल अर्थ: The combination originally emphasized the 'almost' aspect, leaning towards a significant degree of something.
Japonicसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
In Japanese communication, '殆ど' (hotondo) is a common adverb. When used with positive statements, it means 'almost all' or 'mostly.' For example, 'ほとんど終わった' means 'It's almost finished.' However, when paired with a negative verb, it translates to 'hardly any' or 'scarcely.' For instance, 'ほとんど食べない' means 'I hardly eat.' Understanding this nuance is key to using '殆ど' correctly in various contexts.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवाल殆ど is pronounced 'hotondo'. The 'ho' is like the 'ho' in 'hotel', 'ton' like 'tone', and 'do' like 'door'. You can listen to native speakers say it to get the pronunciation just right.
While both 殆ど and だいたい can mean 'almost', there's a nuance. 殆ど (hotondo) often implies a very high percentage, close to 100%, or a near-total lack when used with negatives. だいたい (daitai) is more general and can mean 'approximately' or 'roughly'.
For example:
殆ど完成した。(Hotondo kansei shita.) - It's almost completely finished. (Very close to 100%)
だいたい完成した。(Daitai kansei shita.) - It's roughly finished. (Might be around 80-90%, but not necessarily extremely close to 100%)
Yes, absolutely! That's one of its key uses. When 殆ど is followed by a negative verb, it means 'hardly any', 'scarcely', or 'almost never'.
Example: 殆ど食べない。(Hotondo tabenai.) - I hardly eat. (Almost don't eat at all.)
殆ど行かない。(Hotondo ikanai.) - I hardly ever go.
殆ど is fairly neutral. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts without sounding out of place. You'll hear it in everyday conversations and see it in written materials.
Yes, a very common one is 殆どない (hotondo nai), which means 'almost none' or 'hardly any'.
Example: 時間が殆どない。(Jikan ga hotondo nai.) - There's almost no time.
Another common one is 殆ど〜ない (hotondo ~ nai) which, as we discussed, means 'hardly ever' or 'almost never'.
Yes, 殆ど can modify nouns, but it often requires the particle の (no) after it.
Example: 殆どの人 (hotondo no hito) - Almost all people.
殆どの学生 (hotondo no gakusei) - Almost all students.
Good question! They are actually the exact same word. 殆ど is the kanji writing, and ほとんど is the hiragana writing. In modern Japanese, you will often see it written in hiragana, but both are correct and mean the same thing.
Not inherently. 殆ど itself is neutral. The nuance comes from the context or the verb it modifies.
If it's '殆ど終わった' (It's almost finished), it's positive. If it's '殆どない' (There's almost none), it can be neutral or negative depending on what 'none' refers to.
Yes, when used with the particle の (no) and a noun, it means 'most of' or 'almost all of'.
Example: 殆どの生徒 (hotondo no seito) - Most of the students.
殆どの時間 (hotondo no jikan) - Most of the time.
For 'almost' or 'nearly', 殆ど is generally acceptable in formal contexts. If you need to be very precise or extremely formal, you might use phrases like ほぼ全部 (hobo zenbu - almost all) or ほとんど全て (hotondo subete - almost everything), but 殆ど itself is quite versatile.
खुद को परखो 90 सवाल
Choose the best word to complete the sentence: 私は___毎日日本語を勉強します。
「殆ど」means 'almost' or 'hardly'. In this sentence, it means 'almost every day'. 'いつも' means 'always', 'たまに' means 'sometimes', and '決して' means 'never'.
Select the correct sentence using 「殆ど」:
When 「殆ど」is used with a negative verb, it means 'hardly'. So 'He hardly ate' is the correct usage. '彼は殆ど食べません' is also grammatically correct meaning 'He hardly eats', but '食べませんでした' is more commonly paired with '殆ど' to express 'hardly ate'.
Which of the following has a similar meaning to 「殆ど毎日」?
「ほとんど」is another way to write 「殆ど」 and has the same meaning. The others do not convey the meaning of 'almost every day'.
「私は殆ど日本語を話せません。」means 'I can speak almost no Japanese.'
When 「殆ど」is used with a negative verb, it means 'hardly' or 'almost none'. So, this sentence accurately translates to 'I can hardly speak Japanese' or 'I can speak almost no Japanese'.
You can use 「殆ど」to say 'I almost finished my homework' as 「私は殆ど宿題を終えました。」
Yes, 「殆ど」can mean 'almost' in this context, indicating that the action is nearly complete.
「殆ど」is only used with negative verbs.
No, 「殆ど」can also be used with affirmative verbs to mean 'almost' or 'nearly', such as 「殆ど毎日」 (almost every day) or 「殆ど終わった」 (almost finished).
I study Japanese almost every day.
There were hardly any people.
Almost all the students in this class are Japanese.
Read this aloud:
ほとんど終わりました。
Focus: ho-to-n-do
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
ほとんど分かりません。
Focus: wa-ka-ri-ma-sen
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
ほとんど毎日。
Focus: mai-ni-chi
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'I study Japanese almost every day.' 'ほとんど' (hotondo) means 'almost'.
This sentence means 'He hardly speaks. He is a quiet person.' 'ほとんど' (hotondo) with a negative verb means 'hardly'.
This sentence means 'I have almost finished reading this book.' 'ほとんど' (hotondo) means 'almost'.
Write a sentence using 「殆ど」 to say that you almost finished your homework.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
宿題は殆ど終わりました。
Write a sentence using 「殆ど」 with a negative verb to say that you hardly ever eat meat.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私は殆ど肉を食べません。
Imagine you went to a party but hardly anyone was there. Write a sentence using 「殆ど」 to describe this.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
パーティーには殆ど誰もいませんでした。
What does Tanaka-san hardly ever do on weekdays?
Read this passage:
田中さんは毎日忙しいです。仕事が終わるのはいつも遅いです。ですから、平日は殆ど料理をしません。
What does Tanaka-san hardly ever do on weekdays?
The passage says 「平日は殆ど料理をしません」 (He hardly ever cooks on weekdays).
The passage says 「平日は殆ど料理をしません」 (He hardly ever cooks on weekdays).
How often does the person read this book?
Read this passage:
この本はとても面白いです。私は殆ど毎日読んでいます。もうすぐ読み終わります。
How often does the person read this book?
The passage states 「私は殆ど毎日読んでいます」, meaning 'I read it almost every day'.
The passage states 「私は殆ど毎日読んでいます」, meaning 'I read it almost every day'.
What is the speaker worried about?
Read this passage:
昨日のテストはとても難しかったです。私は殆ど答えが分かりませんでした。合格できるか心配です。
What is the speaker worried about?
The speaker says 「合格できるか心配です」 (I'm worried if I can pass).
The speaker says 「合格できるか心配です」 (I'm worried if I can pass).
The particles 'は' and 'を' mark the topic and object respectively, and '殆ど' comes before '毎日'.
'殆ど' precedes the negative verb '話しませんでした'.
'殆ど' comes before 'いつも' to modify the frequency.
The movie was liked by most people.
He wears almost the same clothes every day.
We are almost ready.
Read this aloud:
ほとんどの学生が試験に合格しました。
Focus: ほとんど
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
私はほとんど日本語が話せません。
Focus: ほとんど
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
この本はほとんど読み終わりました。
Focus: ほとんど
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are running late for an appointment. Describe how you are feeling using '殆ど'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
会議に殆ど間に合わないので、とても焦っています。
Describe a situation where something you expected to happen, almost didn't, using '殆ど'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
電車が遅れて、飛行機に殆ど乗れないところでした。
Write a sentence about how much you know about a specific topic, using '殆ど' in a negative sense.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
このテーマについては、私は殆ど何も知りません。
このプロジェクトはどのように進みましたか?
Read this passage:
先週、新しいプロジェクトが始まりました。最初は難しそうに思えましたが、チームで協力して、殆ど問題なく進められました。最終的には、予定より早く完成することができました。
このプロジェクトはどのように進みましたか?
パッセージには「殆ど問題なく進められました」とあります。
パッセージには「殆ど問題なく進められました」とあります。
なぜ昨日宿題が殆どできなかったのですか?
Read this passage:
昨日の夜は疲れていて、宿題を殆どできませんでした。今日の朝早く起きて、残りの部分を終わらせました。先生に提出する前に、もう一度見直す必要があります。
なぜ昨日宿題が殆どできなかったのですか?
パッセージには「昨日の夜は疲れていて、宿題を殆どできませんでした」とあります。
パッセージには「昨日の夜は疲れていて、宿題を殆どできませんでした」とあります。
話し手は日本のどの時代のことを殆ど何でも知っていると考えていますか?
Read this passage:
私は日本の文化に興味があり、歴史の本をよく読みます。特に戦国時代が好きで、その時代のことは殆ど何でも知っているつもりです。いつか日本の歴史博物館に行ってみたいです。
話し手は日本のどの時代のことを殆ど何でも知っていると考えていますか?
パッセージには「特に戦国時代が好きで、その時代のことは殆ど何でも知っているつもりです」とあります。
パッセージには「特に戦国時代が好きで、その時代のことは殆ど何でも知っているつもりです」とあります。
今日の会議は___終わったので、早く帰れる。
「殆ど」は「ほとんど」と読み、「ほぼ」「大体」という意味で使われます。ここでは「会議がほぼ終わった」という文脈で使われます。
彼は新しいプロジェクトについて___何も知らない。
「殆ど〜ない」の形で、「ほとんど〜ない」となり、「ほとんど何も知らない」という意味になります。ネガティブな文脈で使われます。
この映画は___全てのシーンが美しかった。
「殆ど全てのシーン」で「ほとんど全てのシーン」となり、「ほぼ全てのシーン」という意味になります。ポジティブな文脈でも使われます。
彼は忙しくて___休みが取れない状況だ。
「殆ど休みが取れない」で「ほとんど休みが取れない」となり、「ほとんど全く休みがない」という意味になります。ネガティブな文脈で使われます。
その問題は___解決に向けて進んでいる。
「殆ど解決に向けて進んでいる」で「ほとんど解決に向けて進んでいる」となり、「ほぼ解決に向かっている」という意味になります。ポジティブな文脈で使われます。
新しいシステムは___完璧に動作している。
「殆ど完璧に動作している」で「ほとんど完璧に動作している」となり、「ほぼ完璧に動作している」という意味になります。ポジティブな文脈で使われます。
The teacher is talking about exam results.
Two colleagues are discussing a project's progress.
Someone is describing a new acquaintance's language skills.
Read this aloud:
殆どの人がそのニュースを知っています。
Focus: Hotondo no hito ga sono nyūsu o shitte imasu.
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
私の仕事は殆ど終わりました。
Focus: Watashi no shigoto wa hotondo owarimashita.
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
彼は殆ど外出しません。
Focus: Kare wa hotondo gaishutsu shimasen.
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a sentence describing something you almost forgot to do today, using 「殆ど」.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今日は財布を殆ど忘れそうになった。
Describe a situation where something you expected to happen didn't, or almost didn't, using 「殆ど〜ない」.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
雪のせいで、イベントは殆ど開催されなかった。
Imagine you went on a trip. Write a sentence about something that was almost perfect, but had one small flaw, using 「殆ど」.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
旅行は殆ど完璧だったが、一日だけ雨が降った。
Bさんは新しいプロジェクトについてどのように言っていますか?
Read this passage:
A: 新しいプロジェクトの進捗はどうですか? B: 殆ど完了しました。あとは最終確認だけです。 A: それは素晴らしいですね。期待しています。
Bさんは新しいプロジェクトについてどのように言っていますか?
「殆ど完了しました」は「ほとんど完成している」という意味です。
「殆ど完了しました」は「ほとんど完成している」という意味です。
この店に入るために通常何が必要ですか?
Read this passage:
その店はいつも混んでいるので、殆ど予約なしでは入れない。今回は運良く席が空いていた。
この店に入るために通常何が必要ですか?
「殆ど予約なしでは入れない」とあるので、通常は予約が必要です。
「殆ど予約なしでは入れない」とあるので、通常は予約が必要です。
彼の日本語のレベルについて、筆者はどう評価していますか?
Read this passage:
彼は日本語を独学で学んだが、殆どネイティブスピーカーと変わらないレベルだ。毎日欠かさず勉強した成果だろう。
彼の日本語のレベルについて、筆者はどう評価していますか?
「殆どネイティブスピーカーと変わらないレベルだ」と述べられています。
「殆どネイティブスピーカーと変わらないレベルだ」と述べられています。
今日の会議は___意味がなかった。
「殆ど意味がなかった」は「ほとんど意味がなかった」となり、「ほとんど無意味だった」という意味になります。
彼は新しいプロジェクトに___関わっていない。
「殆ど関わっていない」は「ほとんど関わっていない」となり、「ほとんど関係がない」という意味になります。
この地域では、冬に雪が降ることは___ない。
「殆どない」は「ほとんどない」となり、「滅多にない」という意味になります。
彼は大学で___勉強せずに卒業したそうだ。
「殆ど勉強せずに」は「ほとんど勉強せずに」となり、「全く勉強せずに」という意味になります。
その問題は___解決不可能に見える。
「殆ど解決不可能」は「ほとんど解決不可能」となり、「ほぼ解決できない」という意味になります。
この映画は___ストーリーがないに等しい。
「殆どストーリーがない」は「ほとんどストーリーがない」となり、「物語がほとんど存在しない」という意味になります。
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: 彼は医者ですが、______病気については素人同然です。
The sentence implies that despite being a doctor, he knows almost nothing about a specific type of illness, making 殆ど (almost/hardly) the best fit. The other options don't convey this sense of near-total lack of knowledge in this context.
Which word best completes the sentence? このプロジェクトは複雑すぎて、成功の可能性は______ない。
The sentence expresses that the project is too complex, suggesting that there is almost no chance of success. 殆どない (hardly any/almost none) fits this negative nuance perfectly. The other options have positive or neutral connotations.
Choose the word that best fits the blank: 彼女は______文句を言わないので、周りからは滅多に不満がないと思われている。
The sentence states that she hardly ever complains, leading others to believe she rarely has dissatisfactions. 殆ど (hardly) fits this context of rare occurrence, especially when followed by a negative.
「私は殆ど日本語が話せません」は、「私は少し日本語が話せます」と同じ意味である。
「私は殆ど日本語が話せません」means 'I can hardly speak Japanese,' implying a very low level of proficiency, whereas 「私は少し日本語が話せます」means 'I can speak a little Japanese,' suggesting some basic ability. They are not the same.
「彼の意見は殆ど支持されなかった」は、「彼の意見はほとんどの人に支持されなかった」という意味合いを持つ。
「彼の意見は殆ど支持されなかった」means 'His opinion was hardly supported,' which indeed implies that it was not supported by most people or by a significant number of people.
「殆ど毎日運動しています」は、「全く運動していません」という意味である。
「殆ど毎日運動しています」means 'I exercise almost every day,' indicating a very frequent habit. This is the opposite of 'I don't exercise at all.'
You are explaining why a project was nearly completed but faced an unexpected hurdle. Use 殆ど to describe the state of completion and the subsequent issue.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
プロジェクトは殆ど完成していましたが、予期せぬ技術的な問題が発生し、一時中断せざるを得ませんでした。 (The project was almost complete, but an unexpected technical problem arose, forcing a temporary halt.)
Describe a situation where a group of people had very little information about an upcoming event. Use 殆ど with a negative connotation.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
次の会議について、出席者は殆ど情報を知らず、準備に苦労しました。 (The attendees knew hardly any information about the next meeting and struggled with preparation.)
Write a sentence about a time you almost forgot something important but remembered at the last minute.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
パスポートを殆ど忘れるところでしたが、出発直前に思い出して事なきを得ました。 (I almost forgot my passport, but I remembered it just before departure and avoided any trouble.)
この文章から、若者のテレビ視聴習慣について何が言えますか? (What can be said about young people's TV viewing habits from this passage?)
Read this passage:
近年の若者の間で、テレビを見る習慣が殆ど見られなくなっている。インターネットやSNSの普及により、情報収集や娯楽の手段が多様化したことがその背景にある。しかし、一部では伝統的なメディアの再評価の動きも出てきている。
この文章から、若者のテレビ視聴習慣について何が言えますか? (What can be said about young people's TV viewing habits from this passage?)
文章の冒頭に「テレビを見る習慣が殆ど見られなくなっている」と明記されています。 (It is clearly stated at the beginning of the passage that 'the habit of watching TV is hardly seen anymore'.)
文章の冒頭に「テレビを見る習慣が殆ど見られなくなっている」と明記されています。 (It is clearly stated at the beginning of the passage that 'the habit of watching TV is hardly seen anymore'.)
この研究者の新しい理論について、学会での反応はどうでしたか? (What was the academic community's reaction to this researcher's new theory?)
Read this passage:
彼は長年の研究の末、新しい理論を提唱したが、その理論は学会で殆ど支持されなかった。既存の学説と大きく異なる点が多かったため、理解を得るのに時間がかかったのだ。
この研究者の新しい理論について、学会での反応はどうでしたか? (What was the academic community's reaction to this researcher's new theory?)
「その理論は学会で殆ど支持されなかった」と明記されており、否定的な反応が示されています。 (It is clearly stated that 'the theory was hardly supported by the academic community', indicating a negative reaction.)
「その理論は学会で殆ど支持されなかった」と明記されており、否定的な反応が示されています。 (It is clearly stated that 'the theory was hardly supported by the academic community', indicating a negative reaction.)
この地域の冬の屋外活動について、何が言えますか? (What can be said about outdoor activities in this region during winter?)
Read this passage:
この地域の冬は非常に厳しく、雪が積もる期間が長いため、屋外での活動は殆ど不可能に近い。そのため、住民は家の中で過ごす時間が多くなる傾向にある。
この地域の冬の屋外活動について、何が言えますか? (What can be said about outdoor activities in this region during winter?)
「屋外での活動は殆ど不可能に近い」と明確に述べられています。 (It is clearly stated that 'outdoor activities are almost impossible'.)
「屋外での活動は殆ど不可能に近い」と明確に述べられています。 (It is clearly stated that 'outdoor activities are almost impossible'.)
今日の会議は___中止になった。
「ほとんど」は「ほぼ全部」という意味で、会議が中止になった状況によく合います。
彼は新しい技術について___知らない。
「ほとんど」は否定形と共に使われると「ほとんど〜ない」で「ほとんど知らない」という「少しも知らない」に近い意味になります。
この地域では、冬に雪が降ることは___ない。
「ほとんど〜ない」で「めったにない」という意味になります。
そのプロジェクトは___完成している。
「ほとんど」は「ほぼ」という意味で、完了に近い状態を表します。
彼は日本語を___話せない。
「ほとんど〜ない」は「少しも〜ない」という意味で、ここでは「話せない」と否定形が続くため適切です。
今日の試験は___満点だった。
「ほとんど満点」は「ほぼ満点」という意味で、良い結果を表します。
先週は忙しすぎて、___食べる時間もありませんでした。
「殆ど~ない」で「ほとんど~ない」という意味になります。
新しいプロジェクトは非常に難しく、___成功の見込みはありません。
「殆ど~ない」は「ほとんど~ない」という否定的な意味合いで使われます。
彼は日本語を___話せません。少しだけ挨拶ができる程度です。
「殆ど~ない」は「ほとんど~ない」という意味で、程度の低さを表します。
「殆ど」は肯定文でも「ほとんどの」のように使うことができます。
「殆どの」は「ほとんどの」と同じく「大部分の」という意味で肯定文でも使えます。
「殆ど」は常に否定的な意味でしか使われません。
「殆ど」は否定文で「ほとんど~ない」という意味で使われることが多いですが、「殆どの」のように肯定的な意味で使われることもあります。
「殆ど」は「全く」と同じ意味で置き換え可能です。
「殆ど」は「ほとんど」という意味で「全く」よりは程度の差があります。「全く」は完全にゼロであることを表します。
/ 90 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
殆ど (hotondo) is a versatile adverb that means 'almost all' when used positively and 'hardly any' when used negatively, making it crucial for expressing degrees of completeness.
- Hotondo means 'almost' or 'hardly'.
- Use with positive verbs for 'almost all'.
- Use with negative verbs for 'hardly any'.
Meaning of 殆ど
The word 殆ど (hotondo) is an adverb. It can mean almost all or hardly any, depending on the context.
Using 殆ど for 'almost all'
When 殆ど is used with an affirmative verb or a positive statement, it means almost all or most of. For example, 殆どの人が賛成した (hotondo no hito ga sansei shita) means 'Almost everyone agreed'.
Using 殆ど for 'hardly any'
When 殆ど is used with a negative verb or a negative statement, it means hardly any or almost none. For example, 殆ど食べなかった (hotondo tabenakatta) means 'I hardly ate anything'.
Common patterns with 殆ど
You'll often see 殆ど followed by の (no) when modifying a noun (e.g., 殆どの学生 - most students), or directly before a verb or adjective.
उदाहरण
彼はほとんど毎日走っています。
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
general के और शब्द
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
~ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.