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B1 verb #7,000 सबसे आम 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

砕ける

kudakeru शीर्ष 7,000

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 砕ける 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 砕ける in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on the most basic physical meaning of 砕ける (kudakeru). It means 'to break' or 'to smash' into many pieces. Imagine dropping a big piece of ice on the ground and seeing it turn into many small bits. That is kudakeru. You don't need to worry about the complicated social meanings yet. Just remember it for things like ice (koori) or stones (ishi). It is an intransitive verb, so you use it with ga. For example: 'The ice breaks' = Koori ga kudakeru. At this stage, just think of it as a 'strong' version of breaking where things turn into fragments. You might see it in simple picture books or basic science descriptions for children. Focus on the visual of many small pieces.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the A2 level, you can start using 砕ける to describe natural scenes, especially waves. If you go to the beach and see waves hitting rocks, you can say Nami ga kudakeru. You should also begin to distinguish it from wareru (to split/crack). Remember: if a cup breaks in two, it's wareru. If it shatters into dust, it's kudakeru. You might also encounter the past tense kudaketa used to describe things that have already been smashed. Practice using it in simple sentences about nature or accidents. It's a great word to make your descriptions of the world more vivid and specific than just using the general word kowareru.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B1 level, you are ready to learn the metaphorical and social uses of 砕ける. This is where the word becomes very useful for daily life. You will learn the term kudaketa nihongo, which means 'casual' or 'informal Japanese.' This is the Japanese you speak with friends. When you 'break' the formal rules of grammar to speak naturally, that is kudaketa. Additionally, you can use it for abstract things like dreams (yume) or plans (keikaku). If a big project fails completely, you can say it 'shattered' (kudaketa). Understanding this shift from physical smashing to 'social softening' or 'metaphorical failure' is a key milestone for intermediate learners. You should be able to explain the difference between a formal and a 'kudaketa' style.

At the B2 level, you should master the nuances of 砕ける in literature and news. You will see it in compound verbs like kudake-chiru (to shatter and scatter). You should understand how it conveys a sense of tragic finality in stories—when a character's spirit or heart (kokoro) 'shatters.' You also need to be careful with the passive and causative forms, although they are less common than the intransitive original. In business or formal settings, you might hear a moderator ask someone to speak in a 'kudaketa' manner to ease the tension of a meeting. Mastery at this level means knowing exactly when kudakeru is more appropriate than kuzureru (to crumble) or hokan (to collapse).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C1 level, you should appreciate the poetic and historical depth of 砕ける. In classical literature or high-level essays, it is used to describe the 'breaking' of light on water or the 'shattering' of a long-held social illusion. You should be able to use it in your own writing to create specific emotional atmospheres. For instance, describing a person's resolve 'shattering' under pressure. You should also be familiar with related kanji compounds like funsai (pulverization) or setsunai (though not directly related, often appearing in similar emotional contexts). Your use of kudaketa to describe register should be precise, identifying the specific level of 'broken' formality in various dialects or subcultures.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, 砕ける is a tool for stylistic precision. You understand its role in the 'genbun-itchi' movement (unifying spoken and written language) where 'kudaketa' styles were first formalized. You can analyze the use of the word in complex metaphors where physical destruction and social liberation overlap. You are also aware of rare idiomatic uses and can distinguish the subtle difference in 'feel' between kudakeru and its archaic forms. You can use the word to describe the breakdown of complex systems or philosophical constructs in academic discourse. For a C2 learner, kudakeru is not just a verb; it's a concept of transformation from the rigid to the fragmented or the fluid.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

砕ける 30 सेकंड में

Kudakeru means to shatter or break into many small pieces physically.
It is used for waves crashing (nami ga kudakeru).
It describes casual or informal speech (kudaketa nihongo).
It is an intransitive verb, meaning the object breaks by itself or from impact.

The Japanese verb 砕ける (kudakeru) is a versatile intransitive verb that primarily describes the process of something solid breaking into many small pieces or fragments. Unlike the simple word for breaking, kowareru, which implies a loss of function, or wareru, which often implies splitting into two or a few clean pieces, 砕ける suggests a more chaotic, multifaceted shattering or crumbling. You will encounter this word in physical contexts, such as ice smashing against a pavement or waves crashing into a spray of foam against a rugged cliffside. It evokes a sense of high energy or pressure leading to a total loss of original form.

Physical Disintegration: This is the literal use where a solid object like a stone, a block of ice, or a porcelain vase shatters into tiny fragments. It emphasizes the 'many pieces' aspect of the destruction.
Metaphorical Failure: When applied to abstract concepts like dreams, plans, or ambitions, it signifies a complete and often dramatic collapse. It suggests that the hope or goal has been 'smashed' beyond repair.
Informality and Ease: In a linguistic context, the past-tense form kudaketa describes a style of speech or writing that is 'broken down' from formal rigidity into something accessible, friendly, and informal.

波が荒い岩肌に当たって白く砕ける。

The waves hit the rough rocks and break into white foam.

Understanding the nuance of 砕ける requires visualizing the result. If a glass falls and splits in half, you use wareru. If that same glass falls from a skyscraper and turns into dust and tiny shards, 砕ける is the perfect fit. It is the verb of 'shattering.' In the social sphere, when a situation 'breaks down' from a tense atmosphere to a relaxed one, the same verb applies, indicating the 'shattering' of the ice or the formality between people. This duality makes it a favorite in Japanese literature to describe both the violent sea and the softening of a stern person's heart.

彼の夢は無残にも砕け散った。

His dreams were cruelly smashed to pieces.

Using 砕ける correctly involves mastering its intransitive nature. This means the subject is the thing that is breaking, not the person doing the breaking. If you want to say someone smashed something, you must use the transitive counterpart, kudaku (砕く). However, 砕ける is often used to describe natural phenomena or emotional states where the cause is external or inevitable. It appears frequently in the past tense (kudaketa) to describe a resulting state.

Natural Forces: When describing waves (nami) or ice (koori), this verb is the standard choice. It captures the dynamic movement of water turning into mist or ice turning into slush.
Psychological Impact: It is used with kokoro (heart) or omoi (feelings) to show that someone's spirit has been broken by failure or tragedy.
Social Register: When you want to describe a conversation that has become less formal, use kudaketa as an adjective before nouns like kotoba (words) or hanashikata (way of speaking).

もっと砕けた日本語で話してください。

Please speak in more casual/relaxed Japanese.

In grammar, 砕ける follows standard Group 2 (Ichidan) verb conjugations. Since it is intransitive, it is almost always preceded by the particle ga (が) to mark the subject that is shattering. You will rarely see it with the object particle o (を) unless it is part of a complex causative structure. For example, 'The ice broke' is koori ga kudaketa. If you are describing a process that is currently happening, use the -te iru form: kudakete iru.

衝撃で窓ガラスが粉々に砕けた。

The window glass shattered into thousands of pieces from the impact.

In daily life, 砕ける might not be as common as wareru (break/split) in the kitchen, but it is ubiquitous in media, literature, and specific social contexts. If you are watching a weather report or a nature documentary, you will hear it used to describe the power of the ocean or the movement of glaciers. In news reports involving accidents, it describes the state of wreckage. However, the most frequent 'everyday' encounter for a learner is in the context of social interaction and language levels.

Anime and Manga: Characters often use this word when their plans are foiled or when a magical barrier shatters. It adds a dramatic flair that kowareru lacks. You'll hear 'Yabou ga kudaketa!' (My ambitions have been smashed!).
Language Classrooms: Teachers use the term kudaketa iikata to explain how to say something politely in a more casual way. It is the standard term for 'informalizing' one's speech.
News and Journalism: Reports on earthquakes or tsunamis frequently use this verb to describe the destruction of seawalls or buildings that have crumbled into rubble.

その場にふさわしい、少し砕けた挨拶をした。

He gave a slightly informal greeting suitable for the occasion.

In literary Japanese, 砕ける is used to create vivid imagery. Writers use it to describe the 'breaking' of the moon's reflection on a rippling lake or the 'shattering' of a silent night by a sudden scream. It carries a weight of finality and intensity. When you hear it in a song, it’s almost certainly about a broken heart or a lost dream, emphasizing that the pieces cannot be put back together easily. It is a word that bridges the gap between the physical world of stones and the internal world of human emotions.

氷が砕けるような音が響いた。

A sound like ice shattering echoed.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with 砕ける is confusing it with other 'break' verbs like wareru, kowareru, or oreru. Japanese has very specific verbs for different types of breaking, and using the wrong one can lead to confusion or sound very unnatural. Another common mistake is treating 砕ける as a transitive verb (something you do to an object) instead of an intransitive one (something that happens to the object).

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Incorrect: Watashi ga koori o kudaketa. (I shattered the ice - WRONG). Correct: Watashi ga koori o kudaita. (I shattered the ice - TRANSITIVE) or Koori ga kudaketa. (The ice shattered - INTRANSITIVE).
Confusing with 'Wareru': If a plate breaks into two pieces, use wareru. If you drop a plate and it turns into tiny crumbs and shards, use kudakeru. Using kudakeru for a simple crack sounds hyperbolic.
Misusing 'Kudaketa' for People: While you can say a person's heart shattered, you cannot say 'The man shattered' (Otoko ga kudaketa) to mean he is tired or broken down physically. It sounds like he literally turned into rocks.

× 卵が砕けた。
○ 卵が割れた。

You 'ware' an egg to cook it; you only 'kudake' an egg if you stomp on it until it's dust.

A subtle mistake occurs in the social context. Some learners assume kudaketa means 'impolite' or 'rude.' It does not. It means 'relaxed' or 'casual.' Using a kudaketa style with your friends is perfect; using it with your CEO might be inappropriate, but the word itself describes the form of the language, not necessarily a negative personality trait. Always remember that 砕ける implies a transformation from a solid, whole state into a fragmented, softer, or smaller state.

To truly master 砕ける, you must understand its neighbors in the Japanese vocabulary of destruction. Japanese is rich with verbs that describe how something breaks. Choosing the right one shows a high level of fluency and attention to detail. Below is a comparison of the most common alternatives and how they differ from the 'shattering' nuance of 砕ける.

割れる (Wareru) vs. 砕ける: Wareru is for splitting. A window cracks (wareru), but if it explodes into a thousand pieces, it's kudakeru. Wareru is common for plates, eggs, and opinions (a split vote).
壊れる (Kowareru) vs. 砕ける: Kowareru is the general word for 'to break.' It focuses on the loss of function. If your watch kowareru, it stops ticking. If it kudakeru, the glass is in pieces on the floor.
散る (Chiru) vs. 砕ける: Chiru means to scatter (like cherry blossoms). Often paired as kudake-chiru to describe something smashing and the pieces flying everywhere.
崩れる (Kuzureru) vs. 砕ける: Kuzureru means to crumble or collapse (like a sandcastle or a mountain). While kudakeru implies an impact or force, kuzureru often implies a loss of balance or structural integrity over time.

夢が砕けるのと、計画が崩れるのは違う。

A dream 'shattering' (kudakeru) feels more violent than a plan 'collapsing' (kuzureru).

In a social context, an alternative to kudaketa (informal) might be furendori-na (friendly) or tame-guchi (casual talk). However, kudaketa is the most neutral and descriptive way to talk about the linguistic level. If you want to describe a person who has become less stiff, you might use yawarakaku naru (to become soft/flexible), but kudakeru specifically highlights that the 'stiffness' or 'formality' has been broken down.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The kanji 砕 consists of the 'stone' radical (石) on the left and a phonetic component on the right that means 'to separate' or 'to die/end'. It literally depicts a stone being separated into many parts.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK ku.da.ke.ru

US ku.dɑ.ke.ru

Flat pitch accent (Heiban), though it can vary by dialect.

तुकबंदी

akeru (to open) makeru (to lose) takeru (to excel) yakeru (to burn) ukeru (to receive) tsukeru (to attach) kakeru (to hang) nukeru (to fall out)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing 'ru' like the English 'roo'. It should be a Japanese flap.
Stressing the 'da' too much.
Misreading the kanji as 'sun' (small) instead of 'sai/kudaku'.
Confusing the pitch with 'kudaku' (transitive).
Eliding the 'e' sound in 'ke'.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

The kanji is moderate but the usage is varied.

लिखना 4/5

The kanji for 'kudaku' (砕) has many strokes and is easy to miswrite.

बोलना 2/5

The pronunciation is simple and follows standard patterns.

श्रवण 3/5

It can be confused with other 'k' verbs in fast speech.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

石 (ishi) - stone 氷 (koori) - ice 割れる (wareru) - to break/split 言葉 (kotoba) - word 話す (hanasu) - to speak

आगे सीखें

砕く (kudaku) - transitive version 崩れる (kuzureru) - to crumble 敬語 (keigo) - formal language (opposite of kudaketa) 粉々 (konagona) - into pieces 衝撃 (shougeki) - impact

उन्नत

粉砕 (funsai) - pulverization 玉砕 (gyokusai) - honorable death 言文一致 (genbun-itchi) - unification of speech and writing

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Intransitive Verbs (Jidoushi)

氷が砕ける (The ice shatters - focus on the ice).

Ichidan Verb Conjugation

砕けない、砕けます、砕ける、砕ければ、砕けろ。

Te-shimau (Regret/Completion)

花瓶が砕けてしまった (The vase shattered [unfortunately]).

Noun Modification with Verbs

砕けた日本語 (Japanese that has shattered/become casual).

Causative Passive

夢を砕かせられた (I was made to have my dreams shattered).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

氷が砕ける。

The ice breaks (into pieces).

Subject + ga + kudakeru.

石が砕けた。

The stone shattered.

Past tense of an intransitive verb.

コップが砕けた。

The glass shattered.

Focus on the many pieces, not just a crack.

波が砕ける。

The waves break.

Standard use for natural water movement.

あめが砕ける。

The candy breaks.

Used for hard, brittle items.

おもちゃが砕けた。

The toy shattered.

Implies complete destruction.

かべが砕けた。

The wall smashed.

Intransitive: the wall itself broke.

たまごが砕ける？

Does the egg shatter?

Question form. Note: 'wareru' is more common for eggs.

波が岩に当たって砕ける。

Waves hit the rocks and break.

Using the 'te' form to show cause and effect.

冬は湖の氷が砕ける。

In winter, the lake ice breaks up.

Describing a seasonal natural process.

ダイヤモンドは砕けない。

Diamonds do not shatter (easily).

Negative form 'kudakenai'.

落とした花瓶が砕けてしまった。

The vase I dropped ended up shattering.

Using '-te shimau' to show regret.

固いパンが砕ける。

The hard bread crumbles.

Used for brittle food items.

砕けた氷をグラスに入れる。

Put the crushed ice into the glass.

Using the past tense as an adjective.

大きな岩が砕けて道がふさがった。

A large rock shattered and blocked the road.

Describing an accident/event.

雷で窓が砕けた。

The window shattered because of the thunder.

Using 'de' to indicate the cause.

もっと砕けた言葉で話しましょう。

Let's talk in more casual words.

Metaphorical use for informal language.

彼の計画は砕け散った。

His plan was smashed to pieces.

Abstract use for a failed plan.

緊張が砕けて、みんなが笑い出した。

The tension broke, and everyone started laughing.

Metaphorical use for atmosphere.

夢が砕けるのは悲しいことだ。

It is sad when dreams shatter.

Using the dictionary form as a noun phrase with 'no wa'.

砕けた表現は辞書には載っていないことが多い。

Casual expressions are often not listed in dictionaries.

Standard term for informal register.

彼の心は完全に砕けてしまった。

His heart has completely shattered.

Metaphorical use for emotional state.

砕けた雰囲気のパーティーだった。

It was a party with a relaxed atmosphere.

Using 'kudaketa' to describe 'atmosphere'.

そのニュースを聞いて、希望が砕けた。

Hearing that news, my hopes shattered.

Abstract use for 'hope' (kibou).

波が砕ける音で目が覚めた。

I woke up to the sound of waves breaking.

Using the verb phrase as a modifier for 'oto' (sound).

砕けた日本語を使っても失礼にならない場面だ。

This is a situation where using casual Japanese won't be rude.

Discussing social appropriateness of register.

隕石が空中で砕けて光った。

The meteorite shattered in mid-air and glowed.

Scientific/descriptive usage.

強気な彼の態度が、ついに砕けた。

His confident attitude finally broke down.

Metaphorical use for personality/attitude.

砕けた氷のように、彼の決心は脆かった。

Like crushed ice, his determination was fragile.

Simile using 'no you ni'.

この文章は少し砕けすぎている。

This writing is a bit too informal.

Using '-sugiru' (too much) with the verb stem.

衝撃でヘルメットが砕けたが、命は助かった。

The helmet shattered from the impact, but his life was saved.

Describing a protective object doing its job by breaking.

理想が砕ける瞬間、人は成長する。

The moment ideals shatter, people grow.

Philosophical usage.

砕けた文体で書かれたエッセイが人気を博している。

Essays written in a casual style are gaining popularity.

Using 'buntai' (writing style) with 'kudaketa'.

伝統的な価値観が時代の波に洗われて砕けていく。

Traditional values are being washed by the waves of time and shattering.

Complex metaphor using 'te iku' for ongoing change.

彼のプライドは粉々に砕け散った。

His pride was smashed into a thousand pieces.

Using 'konagona ni' (into powder/bits) for emphasis.

砕けた口調の中にも、知性が感じられる。

Even within the casual tone, one can feel intelligence.

Analyzing the nuance of speech register.

岩肌に砕ける波しぶきが、午後の光に輝いている。

The sea spray breaking against the rocks shines in the afternoon light.

Poetic/literary description.

虚像が砕け、真実が明らかになった。

The false image shattered, and the truth became clear.

Abstract usage in a narrative context.

交渉は決裂し、最後の望みも砕けた。

The negotiations broke down, and the last hope shattered.

Formal/Business context for failure.

砕けた日本語のニュアンスを理解するのは難しい。

It is difficult to understand the nuances of informal Japanese.

Discussing linguistic complexity.

言文一致体によって、書き言葉はより砕けたものへと変容した。

Through the unification of spoken and written language, written style transformed into something more casual.

Academic/Historical discussion of language.

砕けゆく氷河の轟音が、温暖化の深刻さを物語っている。

The roaring sound of shattering glaciers tells of the severity of global warming.

Using 'yuku' for poetic progression of an action.

自己のアイデンティティが砕けるような経験を経て、彼は悟りを開いた。

After an experience where his identity seemed to shatter, he attained enlightenment.

Deep psychological/philosophical usage.

その場の空気を砕くような、あまりに砕けた発言だった。

It was such an informal remark that it seemed to shatter the atmosphere of the room.

Wordplay between the transitive 'kudaku' and intransitive 'kudaketa'.

砕け散る美学が、日本文学の根底には流れている。

An aesthetic of 'shattering and scattering' flows at the base of Japanese literature.

Cultural/Philosophical analysis.

権威が砕け、民衆の力が台頭してきた。

Authority shattered, and the power of the people rose.

Socio-political context.

論理が砕け、ただ感情だけが渦巻いていた。

Logic shattered, and only emotions were swirling.

Describing a mental or rhetorical state.

砕けた表現の背後にある、話者の心理的距離を測る。

Measuring the speaker's psychological distance behind their casual expressions.

Sociolinguistic analysis.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

氷が砕ける

波が砕ける

夢が砕ける

砕けた表現

砕けた口調

心が砕ける

粉々に砕ける

計画が砕ける

雰囲気が砕ける

砕けた日本語

सामान्य वाक्यांश

砕けた言い方

— A casual way of saying something. Used to explain informal speech.

それは、もっと砕けた言い方ができますか？

砕け散る

— To shatter and scatter. Adds intensity to the breaking.

花瓶が床で砕け散った。

砕けた態度

— A relaxed or informal attitude. Usually implies being approachable.

社長は砕けた態度で社員に接した。

砕けた文体

— A casual writing style, often used for blogs or letters to friends.

この本は砕けた文体で読みやすい。

砕けた会話

— Casual conversation. Informal chat.

砕けた会話を楽しむ。

砕けた仲

— A relationship where people can be casual with each other.

二人は砕けた仲だ。

砕けた感じ

— A relaxed feeling or vibe.

砕けた感じのレストラン。

砕けた挨拶

— An informal greeting (like 'Yo' or 'Hi').

砕けた挨拶を交わす。

砕けた格好

— Casual clothes or appearance.

今日は砕けた格好で来てください。

砕けた調子

— A casual tone of voice.

彼は砕けた調子で話し始めた。

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

砕ける vs 割れる (wareru)

Wareru is for splitting/cracking (like a plate in two). Kudakeru is for shattering into many bits.

砕ける vs 壊れる (kowareru)

Kowareru means to break/stop working. Kudakeru is about the physical state of being in fragments.

砕ける vs 砕く (kudaku)

Kudaku is transitive (I smash it). Kudakeru is intransitive (It smashes).

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"砕身 (saishin)"

— To work oneself to the bone (literally: 'shattering the body').

粉骨砕身、頑張ります。

Formal/Proverbial

"玉砕 (gyokusai)"

— Honorable death; to charge and be smashed like a jewel.

玉砕を覚悟で挑む。

Literary/Historical

"砕けた氷を解かす"

— To break the ice (metaphor for social situations).

ジョークで砕けた氷を解かした。

Neutral

"夢が砕け散る"

— To have one's dreams completely ruined.

甲子園への夢が砕け散った。

Neutral

"心が砕ける"

— To be heartbroken or spirit-broken.

あまりのショックに心が砕けた。

Literary

"砕けた表現"

— To use informal language to bridge a gap.

砕けた表現で親近感を出す。

Neutral

"砕けた仲"

— To be on very friendly, informal terms.

彼らとは砕けた仲だ。

Informal

"砕けた雰囲気"

— A relaxed, non-stiff atmosphere.

砕けた雰囲気で会議が進んだ。

Neutral

"砕けた口調"

— Casual speech style.

砕けた口調で話しかける。

Neutral

"砕けた文体"

— Informal writing style.

砕けた文体のエッセイ。

Neutral

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

砕ける vs 折れる (oreru)

Both mean 'to break'.

Oreru is for long objects snapping (sticks, bones). Kudakeru is for solid objects shattering.

鉛筆が折れた vs 氷が砕けた。

砕ける vs 崩れる (kuzureru)

Both involve things falling apart.

Kuzureru is a collapse of structure (sandcastle). Kudakeru is a result of impact (smashed rock).

山が崩れた vs 岩が砕けた。

砕ける vs 裂ける (sakeru)

Both involve separation.

Sakeru is tearing (paper, cloth). Kudakeru is shattering (hard objects).

服が裂けた vs 皿が砕けた。

砕ける vs 切れる (kireru)

Both mean 'break' in some contexts.

Kireru is for strings snapping or things being cut. Kudakeru is for shattering.

糸が切れた vs ガラスが砕けた。

砕ける vs 解ける (tokeru)

Both can mean 'breaking' tension.

Tokeru is melting or coming loose. Kudakeru is a more active 'shattering' of the mood.

氷が解ける (melts) vs 氷が砕ける (shatters).

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

[Object] が砕ける。

氷が砕ける。

[Object] が [Place] で砕ける。

波が岩で砕ける。

もっと [砕けた] [Noun] で...

もっと砕けた日本語で話して。

[Abstract] が砕ける。

夢が砕けた。

[Object] が粉々に砕ける。

ガラスが粉々に砕けた。

[Verb Stem] + 砕ける (Compound)

打ち砕ける (to be smashed down).

[Noun] の [砕け様]

波の砕け様が美しい。

[Concept] が砕けゆく...

伝統が砕けゆく。

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

砕石 (saiseki) - crushed stone

粉砕 (funsai) - pulverization

砕氷 (saihyou) - ice-breaking

क्रिया

砕く (kudaku) - to smash/crush (transitive)

噛み砕く (kamikudaku) - to crunch/explain simply

打ち砕く (uchikudaku) - to smash down/destroy

विशेषण

砕けた (kudaketa) - casual/informal (past participle used as adj)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Common in literature, news, and language education.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using 'kudakeru' for a simple crack. → Use 'wareru'.
Kudakeru implies multiple fragments, not just one crack.
Watashi wa glass o kudaketa. → Watashi wa glass o kudaita.
Kudakeru is intransitive; you cannot use it with an object 'o'.
Using 'kudaketa' to mean 'rude'. → Kudaketa means 'informal/relaxed'.
It's a description of style, not necessarily a negative trait.
Pencil ga kudaketa. → Pencil ga oreta.
Long objects snap (oreru), they don't shatter (kudakeru) unless crushed.
Using it for a machine that stopped. → Kowareru.
Kudakeru is for physical fragmentation, not functional failure.

सुझाव

Nature Imagery

Always use 'kudakeru' for waves hitting rocks. It's the most natural choice.

Register Awareness

Use 'kudaketa' to describe casual speech when you want to sound like you understand Japanese social dynamics.

Visual Adverbs

Pair it with 'konagona ni' (粉々に) for maximum impact in descriptive writing.

Cool Cake

Remember the 'Cool Cake' mnemonic to never forget the meaning 'shatter'.

Particle Choice

Remember to use 'ga' (が) because it's an intransitive verb.

Compound Verbs

Watch out for 'kudake-chiru' in anime; it usually means something big just failed.

Synonym Check

Don't use it for snapping a pencil; use 'oreru' for that.

Business Context

In a meeting, 'kudaketa fun'iki' (relaxed atmosphere) is usually a positive thing.

Radical Power

The 'stone' radical on the left tells you it's about hard things breaking.

Emotional Weight

Use it to describe 'broken dreams' to add a sense of tragedy to your stories.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'Kudakeru' as 'COOL-DA-CAKE'. If you drop a frozen 'cool cake', it will SHATTER (kudakeru) into many pieces.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a block of ice being hit by a hammer and exploding into tiny crystals. That explosion is 'kudakeru'.

Word Web

Ice Waves Glass Dreams Casual Japanese Fragments Shatter Crumble

चैलेंज

Try to find 3 things in your room that would 'kudakeru' if you dropped them, and 3 things that would only 'wareru' (split).

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Derived from the Old Japanese verb 'kudaku'. The 'ku' prefix often indicates a downward or intensive action, and 'daku' relates to breaking or touching. It has been used since the Nara period.

मूल अर्थ: To become small fragments through force.

Japonic

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful using 'kudaketa' about someone's speech if you are a subordinate; it might sound like you are judging their lack of professionalism.

English speakers often use 'break' for everything. They must learn to distinguish 'shatter' (kudakeru) from 'split' (wareru).

The song 'Kudaketa Ai no Genzo' by various artists. The term 'Kudaketa Nihongo' in textbooks like Genki or Minna no Nihongo. Literary descriptions in Natsume Soseki's novels.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

At the beach

波が砕けているね。
波しぶきがすごい。
岩に当たって砕けた。
きれいな砕け波だ。

Language school

もっと砕けた表現を教えてください。
これは砕けた言い方ですか？
砕けた日本語は難しいです。
友達とは砕けた言葉で話します。

Kitchen / Cooking

氷を砕いてください。
氷が砕けた。
飴が砕けてしまった。
ナッツが砕ける音がする。

Drama / Storytelling

夢が砕け散った。
彼の野望は砕かれた。
心が砕けるような思いだ。
希望が砕けた。

Business (Atmosphere)

砕けた雰囲気で話しましょう。
少し砕けた格好で行きます。
会議が砕けた感じになった。
砕けた挨拶で始めた。

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"日本に来てから、砕けた日本語を話す機会はありましたか？ (Since coming to Japan, have you had a chance to speak casual Japanese?)"

"波が砕ける音を聞くのは好きですか？ (Do you like listening to the sound of waves breaking?)"

"最近、何かが砕けるようなショックな出来事はありましたか？ (Recently, was there a shocking event that felt like something shattered?)"

"あなたの国では、砕けた表現と丁寧な表現の差は大きいですか？ (In your country, is the difference between casual and polite expressions large?)"

"砕けた雰囲気のパーティーと、フォーマルなパーティー、どちらが好きですか？ (Which do you like better, a relaxed party or a formal one?)"

डायरी विषय

今日、砕けた日本語で誰かと話しましたか？その時の気持ちを書いてください。 (Did you speak with someone in casual Japanese today? Write about how you felt.)

自分の夢が砕けそうになった時、どうやって立ち直りますか？ (When your dreams seem like they are about to shatter, how do you recover?)

海岸で波が砕ける様子を詳しく描写してください。 (Describe in detail the appearance of waves breaking on the shore.)

「砕けた表現」を使うことのメリットとデメリットについて考えてください。 (Think about the merits and demerits of using 'casual expressions'.)

人生で一番「心が砕けた」瞬間について、日本語で書いてみましょう。 (Let's try writing in Japanese about the moment in your life when your heart was most 'shattered'.)

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Only if the screen or body is shattered into many small pieces. If the phone just stopped working, use 'kowareru'.

It refers to casual, everyday Japanese that doesn't follow strict formal rules, like 'tame-guchi'.

It is intransitive. The transitive version is 'kudaku' (砕く).

Yes, 'kokoro ga kudakeru' is a common poetic expression for being heartbroken.

Use the adverb 'konagona ni' (粉々に) with 'kudakeru'.

It depends on the company culture. It's usually okay with peers but not with high-level clients unless the atmosphere is already relaxed.

Wareru is for splitting into a few pieces. Kudakeru is for shattering into many fragments.

No, waves 'kudakeru' because they turn into foam and spray, which are like fragments of water.

It means to shatter and have the pieces fly everywhere (scatter).

Yes, it is a Joyo kanji taught in junior high school and is very common in adult-level texts.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें