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B1 noun #500 सबसे आम 10 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

~たり

शीर्ष 500

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to connect ideas. You might know how to say 'I eat' (tabemasu) and 'I drink' (nomimasu). The ~tari form is a bit advanced for absolute beginners, but you can think of it as a way to say 'and' when you are talking about activities. Usually, at A1, you use the ~te form to connect verbs (e.g., 'tabete, nomimasu'). However, you might hear ~tari in very simple phrases like 'tabetari shitai' (I want to do things like eating). The most important thing to remember at this level is that ~tari is used when you want to give examples of what you do, rather than a step-by-step list. It's like saying 'I do things like A and B.' Even if you don't use it yet, recognizing the 'tari' sound at the end of verbs will help you understand when Japanese people are describing their hobbies or daily routines in a general way. Focus on the fact that it usually comes in pairs: [Verb 1] tari, [Verb 2] tari.

At the A2 level, you begin to use ~tari to describe your weekend plans or hobbies more naturally. Instead of saying 'I watched a movie. I also read a book,' which sounds like a robot, you can say 'Shūmatsu wa eiga o mitari, hon o yondari shimashita.' This makes your Japanese sound much more fluid. You will learn that you must use the 'Ta-form' (past plain form) of the verb before adding 'ri.' For example, 'mita' becomes 'mitari' and 'yonda' becomes 'yondari.' You also learn that the sentence must end with 'suru' (or 'shimasu' for politeness). This is the level where you start to distinguish between the ~te form (sequence) and the ~tari form (examples). If you go to a cafe and then a movie, use ~te. If you spent the day doing various things like going to a cafe and watching a movie, use ~tari. This is a key step in moving from basic sentences to more descriptive storytelling.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using ~tari with verbs, adjectives, and nouns. You understand that it's not just for 'actions' but also for 'states.' For example, you can use it with I-adjectives by changing them to the ~kattari form (e.g., 'atsukattari samukattari' - sometimes hot, sometimes cold). You also learn to use it with Na-adjectives and nouns using ~dattari (e.g., 'ame dattari hare dattari' - sometimes rain, sometimes sunny). At this level, you start to use ~tari to express fluctuation or inconsistency. You also begin to use a single ~tari to be more humble or less specific. For instance, 'Sōji o shitari shimashita' implies 'I did things like cleaning (among other things),' which sounds more natural and less boastful than a direct list. You are also expected to handle the tense correctly by changing the final 'suru' to 'shimashita' or 'shite imasu' while keeping the ~tari parts in the Ta-form.

At the B2 level, you use ~tari to describe complex situations, professional responsibilities, and abstract concepts. You might use it in a business meeting to summarize a project's scope: 'Shiryō o sakusei shitari, kuraianto to uchiawase o shitari shite imasu' (I am doing things like creating documents and having meetings with clients). You also understand the nuance of using ~tari to soften a request or a suggestion. Instead of a direct command, you might say 'Chotto kangaetari shite kudasai' (Please do things like giving it some thought), which feels more suggestive and less like an order. You are also aware of the 'alternating' nuance in more sophisticated contexts, such as describing market trends ('agattari sagattari' - fluctuating up and down) or psychological states. Your use of ~tari is now integrated into complex sentence structures, often followed by particles like 'node' or 'noni' (e.g., 'isogashikattari suru node...' - because I'm sometimes busy...).

At the C1 level, you recognize the stylistic uses of ~tari in literature and formal speeches. You can use it to create a specific rhythm in your writing or to imply a vast range of possibilities without explicitly stating them. You might encounter it in philosophical texts to describe the dual nature of existence or in high-level journalism to describe the multifaceted nature of social issues. You understand that ~tari can be used with more complex verb constructions and even passive or causative forms (e.g., 'saseraretari' - being made to do things). You are also sensitive to the difference between ~tari and more formal alternatives like '~nari ~nari' or '~da no ~da no,' which carry different emotional weights. Your mastery allows you to use ~tari to provide a nuanced, non-exhaustive overview of highly technical or abstract topics, ensuring that your listener understands there is more to the story than just the examples provided.

At the C2 level, your use of ~tari is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You use it to masterfully balance the 'open-endedness' of a statement. You might use it to describe the ephemeral nature of life or the complexity of human emotions in a way that feels both precise and expansive. You are aware of historical or archaic variations of the form and how they have evolved. In professional or academic writing, you use ~tari to acknowledge the limitations of your examples, signaling a high level of intellectual humility and precision. You can effortlessly weave multiple ~tari clauses into long, complex sentences without losing the grammatical thread or the final 'suru' anchor. You also use it to create irony or emphasis by pairing contrasting actions or states in unexpected ways. At this level, ~tari is not just a grammar rule; it is a tool for rhetorical elegance and sophisticated expression.

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

~たり 30 सेकंड में

Used to list representative actions or states (A, B, etc.).
Implies the list is not exhaustive; other things happened too.
Formed using the Ta-form (past plain) + 'ri'.
Must conclude with a form of the verb 'suru' (to do).

The Japanese grammar point ~たり (~tari) is a fundamental conjunctive particle used to list actions or states as representative examples. Unlike the ~て form, which implies a chronological sequence (doing A, then B, then C), the ~たり construction suggests that the activities mentioned are just a few among many possibilities. It translates roughly to "doing things like..." or "sometimes... and sometimes..." in English. This nuance is crucial in Japanese communication because it avoids being overly specific or exhaustive, which aligns with the cultural preference for indirectness and leaving room for the listener's imagination.

The Concept of Representative Listing: When you use ~tari, you are effectively saying, "Here are a couple of examples of what happened, but there were other things too." This is perfect for describing weekends, hobbies, or general habits where listing every single detail would be tedious or unnecessary.
Alternating States: Another primary use is to describe states that fluctuate or alternate. For example, describing weather that is "sometimes raining and sometimes sunny" or a person's mood that is "sometimes happy and sometimes sad." In these cases, the repetition of ~tari emphasizes the back-and-forth nature of the situation.

週末は、本を読んだり、映画を見たりしました。
(Shūmatsu wa, hon o yondari, eiga o mitari shimashita.)
On the weekend, I did things like reading books and watching movies.

In the example above, the speaker isn't saying they *only* read and watched movies. They might have also cooked, slept, or cleaned, but reading and watching movies were the highlights they chose to share. This flexibility makes ~tari one of the most useful tools for casual and polite conversation alike. It allows for a relaxed narrative flow without the pressure of providing a complete itinerary.

泣いたり笑ったりの忙しい一日でした。
(Naitari warattari no isogashii ichinichi deshita.)
It was a busy day, with crying and laughing (and so on).

The Role of 'Suru': The ~tari pattern almost always ends with the verb する (suru). This verb carries the tense and politeness level of the entire sentence. Without suru, the sentence feels unfinished, like a list of items without a verb to tie them together. Even if you are using adjectives or nouns with ~tari, suru (or its variations) is the grammatical anchor.

In summary, ~tari is your go-to grammar for painting a picture of a situation using representative strokes. Whether you are describing a hectic day, a relaxing vacation, or a fluctuating market price, ~tari provides the linguistic framework to express variety and non-exhaustiveness with ease and naturalness.

Mastering ~たり (~tari) requires understanding its conjugation across different parts of speech. The core rule is simple: take the plain past tense (Ta-form) and add り (ri). This applies to verbs, adjectives, and even nouns. Let's break down the mechanics for each category to ensure you can construct these sentences accurately.

1. Using Verbs: For verbs, convert the verb to its past plain form (e.g., tabeta, nonda, mita) and attach ri. You usually list two verbs, but you can list more or even just one if the context implies other actions. The sentence must conclude with a form of suru.

Example: 掃除したり、洗濯したりします (Sōji shitari, sentaku shitari shimasu) - I do things like cleaning and laundry.
2. Using I-Adjectives: For I-adjectives, change the final ~i to ~kattari. This is the past tense form (~katta) plus ri. This is used to describe alternating qualities.

Example: 寒かったり、暑かったりします (Samukattari, atsukattari shimasu) - It's sometimes cold and sometimes hot.
3. Using Na-Adjectives and Nouns: For Na-adjectives and nouns, add ~dattari. This comes from the past plain copula datta plus ri.

Example: 暇だったり、忙しかったりします (Hima dattari, isogashikattari shimasu) - Sometimes I'm free, and sometimes I'm busy.

このレストランは、美味しかったり、まずかったりして、安定しません。
(Kono resutoran wa, oishikattari, mazukattari shite, antei shimasen.)
This restaurant's food is sometimes delicious and sometimes bad; it's not consistent.

One of the most powerful aspects of ~tari is its ability to handle tense. The ~tari parts themselves are always in the "past" form regardless of whether you are talking about the past, present, or future. The final verb (suru) is what determines the actual tense of the entire statement.

明日は買い物をしたり、友達に会ったりするつもりです。
(Ashita wa kaimono o shitari, tomodachi ni attari suru tsumori desu.)
Tomorrow, I plan to do things like shopping and meeting friends.

Notice in the future tense example above, we still use shitari and attari (past forms). The future intent is carried by suru tsumori desu. This is a common point of confusion for learners, so always remember: ~tari is built on the Ta-form, but it doesn't mean the action is in the past.

Single '~tari' Usage: While usually paired, using a single ~tari is perfectly valid. It strongly implies "...and other things like that." It’s a very polite and humble way to describe one's own actions.

Example: 散歩したりしました (Sanpo shitari shimashita) - I did things like taking a walk (among other things).

By understanding these conjugation rules and the role of the final suru, you can accurately describe complex, multi-faceted situations in a way that sounds natural to native Japanese speakers.

The ~たり (~tari) construction is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life. You will encounter it in casual conversations among friends, formal business reports, weather forecasts, and even in literature. Its versatility makes it an essential part of the language's texture. Let's explore the specific contexts where you are most likely to hear and use it.

Daily Conversations: Sharing Your Day: When someone asks "What did you do?" (Nani o shimashita ka?), responding with ~tari is the most natural way to answer. It prevents you from sounding like you're reading a boring chronological list. It gives the listener the 'highlights' of your day.

Context: "Yesterday? I just relaxed at home, watched some YouTube, cooked a bit..."
Japanese: 昨日は家でゆっくりして、YouTubeを見たり、料理を作ったりしていました。
Business Contexts: Describing Duties: In a job interview or a meeting, ~tari is used to describe general responsibilities. It shows that you handle a variety of tasks without needing to list every single minor duty.

Context: "My job involves responding to emails and preparing documents."
Japanese: 仕事ではメールの返信をしたり、資料を作成したりしています。

最近は、忙しかったり暇だったりで、予定が立てにくいです。
(Saikin wa, isogashikattari hima dattari de, yotei ga tatenikui desu.)
Lately, it's been sometimes busy and sometimes slow, so it's hard to make plans.

In media, such as news or weather reports, ~tari is used to describe fluctuating conditions. A weather reporter might say, "Tomorrow will be cloudy with occasional rain" using the ~tari form to indicate the intermittent nature of the weather.

道に迷ったりしないように、地図を確認しておきましょう。
(Michi ni mayottari shinai yō ni, chizu o kakunin shite okimashō.)
Let's check the map so we don't do things like getting lost.

Advice and Warnings: When giving advice, ~tari can soften the tone. Instead of saying "Don't get lost," saying "Don't do things like getting lost" (mayottari shinai de) sounds less like a direct command and more like general guidance. It covers the specific action and other similar mishaps.

Whether you are listening to a podcast, watching an anime where characters discuss their weekend plans, or reading a travel blog about "things to do in Kyoto," ~tari will be there. It is the linguistic glue that holds together the diverse and non-linear experiences of life.

While ~たり (~tari) is a versatile tool, it is also a magnet for several common errors among Japanese learners. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and avoid grammatical confusion. Let's look at the most frequent mistakes.

1. Forgetting the Final 'Suru': This is the #1 mistake. Many learners treat ~tari like the ~te form and just stop after the second ~tari. However, ~tari is a non-final form. It must be followed by a form of suru (shimasu, shimashita, shite iru, etc.) to complete the sentence.

Incorrect: 映画を見たり、本を読んだり。
Correct: 映画を見たり、本を読んだりします。
2. Confusing with the '~te' Form: Learners often use ~tari when they actually mean a chronological sequence. If you did A *then* B, use ~te. If you did A and B *among other things* in no particular order, use ~tari.

~te = Sequence (First A, then B).
~tari = Examples (A and B are just examples).

❌ 朝起きたり、顔を洗ったりします。
(This sounds weird because you always wash your face after waking up; it's a sequence, not random examples.)
✅ 朝起きて、顔を洗います。

3. Incorrect Conjugation (The 'Ta-form' Rule): Sometimes learners try to attach ~ri to the dictionary form or the ~masu stem. Remember: it must be the plain past (Ta-form). For example, nomu becomes nonda, so it must be nondari, not nomitari or nomutari.
4. Using it for Exhaustive Lists: If you only did two things and you want to state exactly those two things, ~tari is inappropriate because it implies "and others." In that case, use ~te or to.

❌ 昨日は、勉強したり、買い物したりでした。
(Missing 'shita' or 'shimashita' at the end.)
✅ 昨日は、勉強したり、買い物したりしました。

By keeping the "Ta-form + ri" rule in mind and always anchoring your sentence with suru, you will master this essential grammar point and avoid the most common errors that trip up intermediate students.

Japanese has several ways to list items or actions, and choosing the right one depends on whether you are listing nouns or verbs, and whether the list is exhaustive or representative. Let's compare ~たり (~tari) with its closest relatives.

~たり vs. ~て (~te): ~te is used for a sequence of actions. It implies "A happened, and then B happened." It is often exhaustive for that specific timeframe. ~tari is for non-sequential, representative examples. It implies "I did things like A and B (among others)."
~たり vs. ~や (~ya): ~ya is used to list nouns representatively. It's like the "tari" for nouns. You cannot use ~ya with verbs or adjectives. If you want to say "books and magazines (etc.)," use hon ya zasshi. If you want to say "reading and writing (etc.)," use yondari kaitari.
~たり vs. ~とか (~toka): ~toka is very similar to ~tari but is more colloquial and can be used with both nouns and verbs (in dictionary form). While ~tari is standard and safe in most situations, ~toka is common in casual speech.

Example: 映画見るとか、本読むとか (Eiga miru toka, hon yomu toka) - Like watching movies or reading books.
~たり vs. ~し (~shi): ~shi is used to list reasons or contributing factors. While it also lists things, the nuance is "A is true, and B is true, (so therefore...)." ~tari is just listing activities or states without necessarily implying a causal link.

Comparison Summary:
1. ~て: Sequence (A then B)
2. ~たり: Representative Actions (A, B, etc.)
3. ~や: Representative Nouns (Noun A, Noun B, etc.)
4. ~とか: Casual Representative (A, B, etc.)
5. ~し: Listing Reasons (A and B, so...)

Understanding these distinctions allows you to be more precise in your Japanese. While they all "list" things, the subtle nuances of sequence, formality, and part-of-speech requirements are what make your Japanese sound sophisticated and natural.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

"本日は、新商品の説明をしたり、デモンストレーションを行ったりいたします。"

तटस्थ

"週末は掃除をしたり、買い物をしたりします。"

अनौपचारिक

"昨日はゲームしたり、寝たりしてたよ。"

Child friendly

"公園で遊んだり、お菓子を食べたりしようね！"

बोलचाल

"まじで泣いたり笑ったりで草。"

रोचक तथ्य

In classical Japanese, 'tari' was a very common way to end sentences, similar to 'desu' today. Over time, its function shifted from a sentence-ender to a listing particle.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /~tɑːri/

US /~tɑri/

The stress is even across all syllables in Japanese (pitch accent usually flat or slightly dropping).

तुकबंदी

Bakari (ばかり) Hikari (ひかり) Tonari (となり) Amari (あまり) Inari (いなり) Kaminari (かみなり) Maturi (まつり) Yukkuri (ゆっくり)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (keep it as a flap).
Stressing the 'ri' too heavily.
Elongating the 'a' sound in 'ta'.
Failing to connect it smoothly to the preceding verb.
Misplacing the pitch accent on the 'ri'.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

Easy to recognize the 'ri' pattern, but requires knowledge of Ta-form.

लिखना 4/5

Learners often forget the final 'suru' or mis-conjugate the Ta-form.

बोलना 4/5

Requires on-the-fly conjugation of verbs into the past plain form.

श्रवण 3/5

Clear sound, but can be confused with other 'ri' endings if not careful.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

する (suru) ~て (te-form) Past plain form (Ta-form) I-adjectives Na-adjectives

आगे सीखें

~し (listing reasons) ~とか (casual listing) ~ながら (simultaneous actions) ~といった (defining examples) ~など (etc.)

उन्नत

~なり~なり (formal alternatives) ~だの~だの (complaining listing) ~つ~つ (alternating actions) ~まじき (unacceptable actions)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Ta-form Conjugation

Nomu -> Nonda -> Nondari

Final Suru Requirement

A tari B tari + SHIMASU

I-Adjective Katta form

Samui -> Samukatta -> Samukattari

Noun/Na-Adj Dattari

Ame -> Ame datta -> Ame dattari

Single Tari for Humility

Benkyō shitari shimasu.

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

本を読んだり、テレビを見たりします。

I do things like reading books and watching TV.

Basic verb + tari + verb + tari + shimasu.

パンを食べたり、コーヒーを飲んだりしました。

I ate things like bread and drank coffee.

Past tense 'shimashita' at the end.

歌ったり、踊ったりするのが好きです。

I like doing things like singing and dancing.

Using 'no ga suki' after the tari construction.

土曜日は買い物をしたりします。

On Saturdays, I do things like shopping.

Single tari usage implying other activities.

日本語を勉強したり、音楽を聞いたりします。

I do things like studying Japanese and listening to music.

Two representative activities.

公園で走ったり、遊んだりしました。

I did things like running and playing in the park.

Past tense description of activities.

写真を撮ったり、散歩したりするのが趣味です。

My hobbies are things like taking photos and going for walks.

Describing hobbies.

お茶を飲んだり、お菓子を食べたりしましょう。

Let's do things like drinking tea and eating sweets.

Using 'shimashō' (let's) at the end.

昨日は掃除をしたり、洗濯をしたりして、忙しかったです。

Yesterday was busy with things like cleaning and doing laundry.

Connecting tari to an adjective using 'shite'.

休みの日は、映画を見たり、友達に会ったりします。

On my days off, I do things like watching movies and meeting friends.

Standard representative listing for routines.

冬休みはスキーをしたり、温泉に入ったりしたいです。

During winter break, I want to do things like skiing and going to hot springs.

Using 'shitai' (want to do) at the end.

この店は安かったり、高かったりします。

This shop is sometimes cheap and sometimes expensive.

I-adjective tari construction (kattari).

雨が降ったり、やんだりしています。

It is raining and stopping (on and off).

Describing alternating natural phenomena.

料理を作ったり、皿を洗ったりするのは大変です。

Doing things like cooking and washing dishes is hard.

Tari construction as a subject.

バスが遅れたり、来なかったりすることがあります。

Sometimes the bus is late or doesn't come at all.

Using 'koto ga aru' (there are times when).

週末は寝たり、ゲームをしたりして過ごします。

I spend my weekends doing things like sleeping and playing games.

Using 'shite sugoshimasu' (spend time doing).

気分によって、嬉しかったり、悲しかったりします。

Depending on my mood, I'm sometimes happy and sometimes sad.

I-adjective tari for emotional states.

仕事は忙しかったり、暇だったり、波があります。

Work has its ups and downs; sometimes it's busy, sometimes I'm free.

Mixing I-adjective and Na-adjective tari.

最近の天気は、晴れだったり、曇りだったりして不安定です。

The weather lately is unstable, sometimes sunny and sometimes cloudy.

Noun + dattari for alternating states.

忘れ物をしたりしないように、気をつけてください。

Please be careful not to do things like forgetting your belongings.

Negative 'shinai yō ni' with tari.

メールを返したり、電話をしたりするのが私の仕事です。

My job involves things like replying to emails and making phone calls.

Describing professional duties.

旅行中は、写真を撮ったり、美味しいものを食べたりして楽しみました。

During the trip, I enjoyed doing things like taking photos and eating delicious food.

Describing past experiences.

このテストは簡単だったり、難しかったりします。

This test is sometimes easy and sometimes difficult.

Adjective tari for inconsistency.

夜中に目が覚めたり、眠れなかったりすることがよくあります。

I often wake up in the middle of the night or can't sleep.

Describing frequent occurrences.

プロジェクトの進捗は、早まったり、遅れたりすることが予想されます。

The project progress is expected to fluctuate, sometimes speeding up and sometimes slowing down.

Formal use of tari for predictions.

彼は、優しかったり、厳しかったりして、掴みどころがない人だ。

He is hard to pin down; sometimes he's kind, and sometimes he's strict.

Describing complex personality traits.

物価が上がったり、下がったりするのは、経済の影響です。

Prices going up and down is due to economic influences.

Using tari to describe economic trends.

人によって、意見が違ったり、考え方が異なったりするのは当然だ。

It's natural for opinions and ways of thinking to differ depending on the person.

Abstract concepts with tari.

海外生活では、驚いたり、感動したりすることが毎日あります。

In life abroad, there are things that surprise or move me every day.

Describing emotional range in a new environment.

資料をまとめたり、会議をセッティングしたりするのが私の主な業務です。

Summarizing materials and setting up meetings are my primary duties.

Formal job description.

嘘をついたり、人を騙したりすることは、決して許されません。

Things like lying or deceiving people are never permitted.

Moral statements using tari.

新しい技術は、便利だったり、怖かったりする側面があります。

New technology has aspects that are both convenient and scary.

Describing dual nature of technology.

人生とは、成功したり、失敗したりを繰り返す旅のようなものだ。

Life is like a journey of repeated successes and failures.

Philosophical use of tari.

その作家の文体は、緻密だったり、奔放だったりと変幻自在だ。

That author's style is ever-changing, sometimes meticulous and sometimes uninhibited.

Literary description of style.

社会情勢によって、法制度が改正されたり、廃止されたりすることがある。

Depending on social conditions, legal systems may be revised or abolished.

Passive forms with tari in a formal context.

愛とは、時に残酷だったり、時に慈悲深かったりする矛盾に満ちたものだ。

Love is a thing full of contradictions, sometimes cruel and sometimes deeply merciful.

High-level abstract description.

都市の開発は、自然を破壊したり、逆に再生したりする可能性を秘めている。

Urban development holds the potential to destroy nature or, conversely, to regenerate it.

Describing dual possibilities.

彼の発言は、真実だったり、単なる憶測だったりするので、注意が必要だ。

His statements are sometimes truth and sometimes mere speculation, so caution is needed.

Evaluating reliability.

伝統を守ったり、新しい風を取り入れたりするバランスが重要だ。

The balance between preserving tradition and introducing new trends is important.

Discussing cultural balance.

科学の進歩は、人類を救ったり、破滅させたりする諸刃の剣である。

Scientific progress is a double-edged sword that can save or ruin humanity.

Metaphorical use with tari.

万物は流転し、形を変えたり、消滅したりしながら宇宙を構成している。

All things are in flux, composing the universe while changing form or vanishing.

Metaphysical description.

言語というものは、時代と共に洗練されたり、俗悪化したりする宿命にある。

Language is destined to be refined or vulgarized with the passage of time.

Linguistic evolution described with tari.

政治家は、民意を汲み取ったり、あるいは無視したりしながら権力を行使する。

Politicians exercise power while either taking in or ignoring the will of the people.

Critical political analysis.

芸術の本質は、既成概念を打ち破ったり、新たな視点を提示したりすることにある。

The essence of art lies in breaking down established concepts and presenting new perspectives.

Defining the essence of a field.

歴史は、勝者によって書き換えられたり、敗者によって美化されたりする側面を持つ。

History has aspects of being rewritten by winners or beautified by losers.

Passive constructions in historical analysis.

人間の深層心理は、理性的だったり、衝動的だったりと、一筋縄ではいかない。

Human deep psychology is not straightforward, being sometimes rational and sometimes impulsive.

Psychological complexity.

文明の崩壊は、内部から腐敗したり、外部から侵略されたりすることで引き起こされる。

The collapse of civilization is caused by internal corruption or external invasion.

Causal analysis in a formal tone.

真理を探究する過程で、我々は疑ったり、信じたりを繰り返しながら前進する。

In the process of seeking truth, we move forward while repeating doubt and belief.

Philosophical journey description.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

行ったり来たりする

泣いたり笑ったりする

上がったり下がったりする

見たり聞いたりする

食べたり飲んだりする

読んだり書いたりする

出たり入ったりする

浮いたり沈んだりする

晴れたり曇ったりする

忙しかったり暇だったりする

सामान्य वाक्यांश

行ったり来たり

泣いたり笑ったり

見たり聞いたり

食べたり飲んだり

読んだり書いたり

晴れたり降ったり

忙しかったり暇だったり

良かったり悪かったり

増えたり減ったり

似たり寄ったり

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

~たり vs ~て

Use ~te for sequence (A then B), ~tari for examples (A and B among others).

~たり vs ~とか

~toka is more casual and can be used with dictionary forms; ~tari is more standard.

~たり vs ~し

~shi lists reasons or attributes; ~tari lists actions or states.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"似たり寄ったり"

To be much the same; six of one and half a dozen of the other.

二人の実力は似たり寄ったりだ。

neutral

"行ったり来たり"

To pace back and forth; to vacillate.

決断できずに考えが行ったり来たりしている。

neutral

"踏んだり蹴ったり"

To have one misfortune after another; to add insult to injury.

財布を落とした上に雨に降られて、踏んだり蹴ったりだ。

informal

"取ったり取られたり"

A close game; a seesaw battle.

試合は取ったり取られたりの大接戦だった。

neutral

"抜いたり抜かれたり"

Overtaking and being overtaken; a neck-and-neck race.

マラソンで抜いたり抜かれたりのデッドヒートを繰り広げた。

neutral

"浮いたり沈んだり"

The ups and downs of life.

浮いたり沈んだりの激しい人生を送る。

literary

"押したり引いたり"

Pushing and pulling; bargaining or maneuvering.

交渉は押したり引いたりの末に合意した。

neutral

"寄ったり触ったり"

Coming close and touching; being very crowded or intimate.

満員電車で寄ったり触ったりの状態だ。

informal

"食ったり飲んだり"

Living a life of pleasure; eating and drinking away.

宝くじが当たって食ったり飲んだりの生活だ。

informal

"見たり見られたり"

A situation where people are watching each other.

都会は人に見たり見られたりの場所だ。

neutral

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

~たり vs ~たり

Both involve listing.

~tari is for actions/states; ~ya is for nouns.

本や雑誌 (Nouns) vs 読んだり書いたり (Verbs).

~たり vs ~だの

Both list things.

~dano has a negative, complaining nuance.

痛いだの痒いだの言う。

~たり vs ~なり

Both list options.

~nari suggests choosing one from the list; ~tari suggests doing all as examples.

食べるなり飲むなりして。

~たり vs ~つつ

Both involve multiple actions.

~tsutsu is for simultaneous actions (while doing A, B); ~tari is for representative examples.

歩きつつ考える。

~たり vs ~ながら

Both involve multiple actions.

~nagara is strictly for simultaneous actions; ~tari is for non-simultaneous examples.

食べながら話す。

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

V1たり、V2たりします。

本を読んだり、テレビを見たりします。

V1たり、V2たりしました。

掃除したり、洗濯したりしました。

Adj1かったり、Adj2かったりします。

寒かったり、暑かったりします。

Noun1だったり、Noun2だったりします。

雨だったり、晴れだったりします。

V1たりしないように、~。

遅れたりしないように、早く出ます。

V1たり、V2たりする人。

泣いたり笑ったりする人は忙しい。

V1たり、V2たりといったNoun。

読んだり書いたりといった活動。

V1たり、V2たりを繰り返す。

成功したり失敗したりを繰り返す。

शब्द परिवार

क्रिया

する The auxiliary verb that must follow ~tari.

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation and writing.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using dictionary form + ri → Ta-form + ri
You cannot say 'taberutari'. It must be 'tabetari'.
Forgetting the final 'suru' → Adding 'shimasu' or 'shimashita'
The sentence is grammatically incomplete without the final auxiliary verb.
Using ~tari for a fixed sequence → Using the ~te form
If you did A then B, ~tari is misleading as it implies the order is random or representative.
Using ~tari with nouns without 'datta' → Noun + dattari
Nouns require the copula 'datta' before adding 'ri'.
Mixing ~tari and ~te in the same list → Keep the listing consistent
Mixing 'tabetari, nonde...' sounds very awkward. Stick to one pattern for the list.

सुझाव

The Ta-Form Rule

Always remember that ~tari is built on the plain past tense. If you can conjugate the past tense, you can use ~tari! Tabeta -> Tabetari, Nonda -> Nondari.

Don't Over-list

Stick to two examples. Listing four or five things with ~tari makes you sound like you're struggling to finish the sentence.

Sequence vs. Examples

If the order of events matters (like 'waking up' then 'eating'), use the ~te form. If the order doesn't matter, use ~tari.

Humble Single Tari

Use a single ~tari to sound less boastful. 'Ryōri o shitari shimashita' sounds more modest than 'Ryōri o shimashita'.

Fluctuating States

Use ~tari with adjectives to describe things that aren't constant, like the weather or your mood.

The Missing Suru

Never end a sentence with just '~tari.' It's like leaving a door half-open. Always close it with 'suru'.

Common Idioms

Learn 'ittari kitari' (back and forth) and 'nitari yottari' (similar) as set phrases; they are used all the time.

Connecting Clauses

You can use '~tari, ~tari shite,' to connect the listing to another thought. 'Isogashikattari shite, aemasen' (I'm busy and such, so I can't meet).

Tense Detection

Always wait for the very last word of the sentence to know if the speaker is talking about the past, present, or future.

Embrace Ambiguity

Use ~tari to leave room for the listener to imagine the other things you might have done. It's a key part of Japanese conversational harmony.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'tari' as 'totally' random examples. You're not listing everything, just 'totally' a few things you did.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a shopping basket with only two items visible, but many more underneath. The two items are your ~tari examples.

Word Web

Representative Non-exhaustive Alternating Ta-form Suru Examples Fluctuation Highlights

चैलेंज

Try to describe your entire yesterday using only three ~tari sentences, making sure to include one adjective and one noun.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The ~tari form originates from the classical Japanese auxiliary verb 'tari' (たり), which was a contraction of 'te' (the conjunctive particle) and 'ari' (to be).

मूल अर्थ: Originally, it indicated a completed action or a state resulting from an action (perfective/continuative).

Japonic / Classical Japanese

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

There are no major sensitivities, but avoid using too many ~tari in a row (more than 3) as it can sound childish or disorganized.

English speakers often use 'and so on' or 'things like' to achieve a similar effect, but ~tari is much more integrated into the grammar.

The song 'Utaitari Odoritari' (Singing and Dancing). Commonly used in anime titles to describe a character's lifestyle. Frequently found in Japanese 'lifestyle' blogs (e.g., 'Kyoto de kaimono shitari...').

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Weekend Plans

買い物をしたりします
友達に会ったりします
家でゆっくりしたりします
映画を見たりします

Weather

降ったりやんだり
晴れたり曇ったり
暑かったり寒かったり
風が吹いたり

Job Duties

メールを書いたり
会議に出たり
電話対応をしたり
資料を作ったり

Hobbies

写真を撮ったり
音楽を聞いたり
料理を作ったり
旅行に行ったり

Emotions

泣いたり笑ったり
驚いたり
喜んだり
悲しんだり

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"週末は何をしたりするのが好きですか？ (What do you like to do on weekends?)"

"最近、忙しかったり暇だったりしますか？ (Have you been busy or free lately?)"

"旅行に行ったら、どんなことをしたりしたいですか？ (If you go on a trip, what kind of things do you want to do?)"

"子供の頃、外で遊んだりしましたか？ (Did you do things like playing outside when you were a kid?)"

"仕事では、どんな作業をしたりしていますか？ (What kind of tasks do you do at work?)"

डायरी विषय

今日一日の出来事を、~たりを使って３つ書いてください。 (Write three things about today using ~tari.)

理想の休日について、~たりを使って詳しく説明してください。 (Explain your ideal holiday in detail using ~tari.)

自分の性格について、~たりを使って表現してください。 (Express your personality using ~tari.)

最近の天気の変化について、~たりを使って書いてください。 (Write about recent weather changes using ~tari.)

将来やってみたいことについて、~たりを使ってリストアップしてください。 (List things you want to do in the future using ~tari.)

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Yes, using a single ~tari is common and polite. It implies 'doing things like [Action]' and suggests there are other unmentioned activities. It's often used to sound humble. For example: 'Sanpo shitari shimashita' (I did things like taking a walk).

Yes, in a complete sentence, a form of 'suru' (shimasu, shimashita, shite iru, etc.) is grammatically required to carry the tense and politeness level. In very casual speech, it's sometimes dropped, but it's better to include it.

The ~te form indicates a chronological sequence (First A, then B). The ~tari form indicates representative examples in no particular order (Doing things like A and B). If you say 'Asagohan o tabete gakkō ni ikimasu,' it means you eat then go. If you use ~tari, it sounds like eating and going are just examples of things you do.

Yes, but you must add 'dattari'. For example, 'Ame dattari hare dattari shimasu' (It's sometimes rainy and sometimes sunny). You cannot just add 'ri' directly to a noun.

Yes. For I-adjectives, use the 'kattari' form (e.g., 'atsukattari'). For Na-adjectives, use the 'dattari' form (e.g., 'hima dattari'). This is great for describing fluctuating states.

It is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. The formality is determined by the final 'suru' verb (e.g., 'suru' vs 'shimasu' vs 'itashimasu').

Technically yes, you can list three or more, but it often makes the sentence feel long and clunky. Native speakers usually stick to two representative examples for the best flow.

The negative is applied to the final 'suru'. For example: 'Eiga o mitari hon o yondari shimasen' (I don't do things like watching movies or reading books).

Yes. The tense is determined by the final 'suru'. 'Ashita wa kaimono o shitari shimasu' means 'Tomorrow I will do things like shopping.' The ~tari parts always stay in the Ta-form.

It's a common idiom meaning 'more or less the same' or 'six of one, half a dozen of the other.' It uses the ~tari form of 'niru' (to resemble) and 'yoru' (to approach).