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B2 noun #3,000 सबसे आम 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

도시화

dosihwa
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 도시화 30 सेकंड में
व्याख्या 도시화 in your Level:
The word 도시화 means 'urbanization'. It is a big word, but the idea is simple. Think about a quiet farm. Now think about a big city with tall buildings, many cars, and lots of people. When a quiet place changes into a big city, we call that 도시화. '도시' means city. '화' means change. So, it means changing into a city. Many people move from the country to the city to find jobs and go to good schools. Because of this, the city gets bigger and bigger. This is a very important word when we talk about how places change. In Korea, Seoul became very big very fast. This is a famous example of 도시화. Even though it is a difficult word, you can understand it if you know the word '도시' (city). You will hear this word when people talk about geography or history. It is a noun. You can use it with the verb '되다' to say '도시화되다' which means 'to become a city'. For example, you can say 'This town became a city' by using this word. It is good to know this word if you want to understand how Korea changed over the years. Remember, 도시 means city, and 화 means change. City change! That is urbanization. It is a very useful word for reading news or studying Korean history. Practice saying it: do-si-hwa. It is easy to say. Just remember the meaning.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
도시화 translates to 'urbanization' in English. It describes the process where an area becomes more like a city, or when more people start living in cities instead of the countryside. If you break the word down, '도시' means 'city' and '화' means 'transformation' or 'becoming'. So, it literally means 'becoming a city'. This happens because people move to cities to find better jobs, better hospitals, and better schools for their children. As more people move in, more houses, roads, and shops are built. The area changes from a quiet rural place to a busy urban center. In South Korea, this happened very quickly over the last few decades. Many small towns turned into large cities. When you watch Korean news or read articles about society, you will often see this word. It is usually used in formal situations, not in casual chats with friends. You will often see it combined with verbs like '진행되다' (to progress) or '되다' (to become). For example, '도시화가 진행되고 있습니다' means 'urbanization is progressing'. Understanding this word helps you understand modern Korean society, where most people now live in large urban areas like Seoul or Busan. It is a key vocabulary word for intermediate learners who want to start reading newspapers or watching documentaries in Korean. Keep practicing this word, as it is very common in academic and formal Korean.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
The term 도시화 (urbanization) refers to the demographic and physical process where rural areas transform into urban centers, accompanied by a significant population shift from the countryside to cities. At the B1 level, you should understand this word not just as 'becoming a city', but as a broader socio-economic phenomenon. In Korea, rapid 도시화 was a major part of the country's economic development in the 20th century. People migrated to cities like Seoul in search of employment in new industries, leading to the massive expansion of urban infrastructure, such as subway systems and apartment complexes. Grammatically, 도시화 is a noun that is frequently paired with verbs like 가속화되다 (to accelerate), 이루어지다 (to be accomplished), or 진행되다 (to proceed). You will encounter this word frequently in TOPIK reading passages, news reports, and discussions about social issues. It is often discussed alongside its consequences, both positive (economic growth, convenience) and negative (traffic congestion, housing shortages, environmental pollution). When writing essays in Korean, using 도시화 correctly demonstrates a good grasp of formal vocabulary. You should also be able to distinguish it from related terms like 산업화 (industrialization). While industrialization is about the economy focusing on manufacturing, urbanization is about the physical and demographic growth of cities. Mastering this word will significantly improve your ability to comprehend and discuss topics related to geography, society, and modern Korean history.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B2 level, your understanding of 도시화 (urbanization) should encompass its complex role in shaping modern society, policy, and environment. 도시화 is not merely the expansion of city limits; it represents a profound structural shift in demographics, economy, and culture. In the context of South Korea, 압축적 도시화 (compressed urbanization) is a key concept, describing how the country achieved in a few decades what took centuries in Western nations. This rapid pace led to unique urban landscapes, characterized by high-density apartment living and heavily centralized resources in the 수도권 (Seoul Metropolitan Area). You should be comfortable using this term in advanced discussions and essays, employing sophisticated collocations such as 도시화의 부작용 (side effects of urbanization), 도시화율 (urbanization rate), and 무분별한 도시화 (reckless urbanization). Furthermore, you should be able to articulate the cascading effects of this phenomenon, such as 이농 현상 (rural flight), which leads to the hollowing out of agricultural communities, and the subsequent strain on urban infrastructure. In academic and journalistic contexts, 도시화 is frequently analyzed alongside concepts like gentrification, environmental degradation, and sustainable development. Your ability to deploy this word accurately, with the correct formal predicates (e.g., 도시화가 초래한 문제점 - problems caused by urbanization), is essential for demonstrating advanced proficiency in Korean. It is a cornerstone vocabulary item for understanding the socio-political debates that dominate contemporary Korean media.
For C1 learners, 도시화 (urbanization) must be understood as a multifaceted macro-sociological paradigm that dictates urban planning, economic policy, and demographic trends. At this level of proficiency, you are expected to engage with the term in highly nuanced contexts, analyzing its historical trajectory and future implications. The discourse surrounding 도시화 in Korea often involves critical evaluations of 'growth-first' policies and the resulting spatial inequalities. You should be adept at discussing concepts like 종주도시화 (primate city urbanization), where one major city (Seoul) disproportionately dominates the national network, leading to severe regional imbalances (지역 불균형). Vocabulary such as 난개발 (reckless development), 스프롤 현상 (urban sprawl), and 인프라 과부하 (infrastructure overload) should naturally collocate with your use of 도시화. Furthermore, you must be capable of comprehending and producing academic texts that explore the transition from traditional urbanization to contemporary trends like 역도시화 (counter-urbanization) or 스마트 도시화 (smart urbanization). In high-level debates, you might argue about the sustainability of current urbanization models, the ecological footprint of mega-cities, or the socio-psychological impacts of hyper-dense living environments. Mastery of this word at the C1 level means moving beyond its definition and utilizing it as an analytical lens to critique and discuss complex societal structures, policy failures, and future urban strategies in fluent, academic Korean.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, your command of the concept of 도시화 (urbanization) should reflect a native-like, academic fluency, capable of deconstructing its epistemological and socio-spatial dimensions. You are expected to navigate complex discourses regarding the dialectic between urbanization and globalization, particularly how global capital flows exacerbate spatial polarization within urban centers. In the Korean context, this involves a deep critique of state-led, compressed urbanization (압축 성장과 도시화) and its legacy of socio-economic stratification, often manifested in real estate speculation (부동산 투기) and the marginalization of the urban poor. You should effortlessly employ highly specialized terminology, discussing the nuances of 신도시 개발 (new town development), 도시 재생 (urban regeneration), and the demographic cliff (인구 절벽) affecting both hyper-urbanized zones and depopulated rural peripheries (지방 소멸). Your discourse should seamlessly integrate theories of urban sociology, geography, and political economy. When utilizing 도시화, you must demonstrate an ability to synthesize historical context with contemporary crises—such as climate change adaptation in urban planning or the socio-spatial restructuring driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, the word is not merely a descriptor of demographic shifts, but a critical focal point for interrogating the very fabric of modern civilization, requiring sophisticated rhetorical skills to articulate its profound, systemic impacts on human existence and the environment.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

도시화 30 सेकंड में

  • Means 'urbanization' or 'becoming a city'.
  • Combines 도시 (city) and 화 (transformation).
  • Used heavily in news, geography, and sociology.
  • Often paired with verbs like 진행되다 (to progress).

The concept of 도시화 (urbanization) refers to the demographic and social process whereby an increasing percentage of a population lives in urban areas rather than rural ones. This phenomenon is a defining characteristic of modern human history, deeply intertwined with industrialization, economic development, and technological advancement. In the context of South Korea, 도시화 occurred at an unprecedented pace during the latter half of the 20th century, transforming a largely agrarian society into a highly urbanized, technologically advanced nation within a single generation. This rapid shift brought about significant changes in lifestyle, family structure, and societal values. Understanding 도시화 is crucial for comprehending modern Korean society, as it explains the dense population of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the architectural landscape dominated by high-rise apartments, and the socio-economic challenges such as regional disparity and rural depopulation. The process involves not just the physical expansion of cities, but also the cultural shift towards urban ways of living, working, and interacting. As cities grow, they become hubs of innovation, education, and culture, drawing more people in a self-reinforcing cycle. However, this also leads to challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, and environmental degradation. The study of 도시화 encompasses geography, sociology, economics, and urban planning, making it a multifaceted and highly relevant term in both academic and everyday discourse. To fully grasp the implications of 도시화, one must consider both its benefits, such as increased economic efficiency and access to services, and its drawbacks, including social alienation and environmental strain. The term is frequently used in discussions about sustainable development, smart cities, and the future of human habitation. As global populations continue to urbanize, the lessons learned from South Korea's rapid 도시화 provide valuable insights into managing urban growth effectively while mitigating its negative impacts.

Demographic Shift
The movement of people from rural to urban areas.
Industrial Connection
Urbanization is closely linked to industrial growth.
Social Impact
Changes in family structures and community dynamics.

한국은 1960년대 이후 급격한 도시화를 겪었습니다.

도시화로 인해 농촌 인구가 감소하고 있습니다.

정부는 도시화 문제에 대한 대책을 마련해야 합니다.

과도한 도시화는 환경 오염을 유발할 수 있습니다.

현대 사회에서 도시화는 피할 수 없는 현상입니다.

When using the word 도시화 in Korean, it is essential to understand its grammatical functions and common collocations. As a noun, it can be used as the subject or object of a sentence, often followed by particles like 가/이, 를/을, or 에. It is most frequently combined with the verb 되다 to form the passive verb 도시화되다 (to become urbanized) or with 하다 to form the active verb 도시화하다 (to urbanize). In academic, journalistic, and formal contexts, you will often hear phrases like 도시화가 진행되다 (urbanization is progressing), 도시화율 (urbanization rate), and 도시화 현상 (the phenomenon of urbanization). Because it describes a macro-level societal process, it is rarely used in casual, everyday conversation to describe personal situations. Instead, it appears in discussions about geography, economics, real estate, sociology, and politics. For example, when discussing the reasons behind the rising cost of housing in Seoul, one might point to 급격한 도시화 (rapid urbanization) as a primary factor. When talking about environmental issues, the phrase 도시화로 인한 환경 파괴 (environmental destruction due to urbanization) is a common expression. It is also important to note the nuances between related terms. While 산업화 (industrialization) refers to the shift towards manufacturing and industry, 도시화 specifically refers to the spatial and demographic shift towards cities. The two often go hand-in-hand, but they highlight different aspects of societal development. Furthermore, in modern contexts, you might encounter terms like 재도시화 (re-urbanization) or 역도시화 (counter-urbanization), which describe more complex demographic trends. Mastering the use of 도시화 involves not just knowing its translation, but understanding the broader societal narratives it invokes in Korean culture. By using it correctly with appropriate verbs and adjectives, learners can significantly elevate the sophistication of their Korean, especially in formal writing, debates, and presentations.

Verb Pairing
도시화되다 (to be urbanized) is very common.
Noun Compound
도시화율 means the rate of urbanization.
Adjective Pairing
급격한 (rapid) is often used to describe urbanization.

이 지역은 빠르게 도시화되고 있습니다.

도시화율이 80%를 넘었습니다.

급격한 도시화의 부작용이 나타나고 있습니다.

도시화 현상을 연구하는 학자들이 많습니다.

그 마을은 도시화의 영향을 받지 않았습니다.

The term 도시화 is ubiquitous in formal Korean media, education, and professional discourse. You will frequently encounter it in news broadcasts, particularly in segments dealing with national demographics, real estate markets, regional development policies, and environmental issues. Documentaries focusing on the modern history of South Korea, the 'Miracle on the Han River', or the evolution of Seoul will invariably use this word to describe the massive migration of the population from rural provinces to the capital region. In the educational sphere, 도시화 is a core concept taught in middle and high school geography (지리) and social studies (사회) classes. Students learn about the causes, stages, and consequences of urbanization, making it a standard vocabulary word for anyone who has gone through the Korean education system. Furthermore, in university settings, it is a foundational term in disciplines such as urban planning (도시공학), sociology (사회학), economics (경제학), and public administration (행정학). You will also hear it in political debates, especially during elections, when candidates discuss strategies for balanced regional development (지역 균형 발전) to counteract the negative effects of over-urbanization in the Seoul metropolitan area. In everyday life, while people might not use the word 도시화 to complain about their morning commute, they will use it when discussing broader societal trends, such as why rural schools are closing down, why housing prices in the city are astronomical, or why traditional farming communities are disappearing. It is a word that bridges the gap between abstract academic concepts and the very real, tangible realities of living in a modern, highly developed nation. Understanding where and how this word is used provides a window into the collective consciousness of Korean society and its ongoing dialogue about growth, sustainability, and the quality of life.

News Broadcasts
Used in reports on demographics and real estate.
Documentaries
Common in historical and sociological films.
Classrooms
A key term in geography and social studies.

뉴스에서 도시화의 문제점을 보도했습니다.

지리 시간에 도시화 과정을 배웠습니다.

다큐멘터리는 서울의 도시화를 다루었습니다.

정치인들은 도시화에 따른 정책을 발표했습니다.

전문가들이 도시화의 미래를 토론하고 있습니다.

When learning and using the word 도시화, Korean language learners often make a few specific types of mistakes. The most common error is confusing it with related but distinct concepts, such as 산업화 (industrialization), 현대화 (modernization), or 서구화 (Westernization). While these processes often occur simultaneously, they are not synonyms. 도시화 strictly refers to the spatial and demographic shift to cities. Using 도시화 when you mean the adoption of modern technology (현대화) will sound inaccurate to a native speaker. Another frequent mistake involves verb conjugation and collocations. Learners sometimes attempt to use 도시화 as a standalone verb without adding 하다 or 되다, or they use inappropriate verbs with it. For example, saying 도시화를 만들다 (to make urbanization) sounds unnatural; the correct phrasing is 도시화가 이루어지다 (urbanization is achieved/takes place) or 도시화를 촉진하다 (to promote/accelerate urbanization). Additionally, learners might struggle with the pronunciation. The word is written as 도시화 but pronounced as [도시화], which is straightforward, but the transition between the vowels can sometimes be slurred by beginners. Furthermore, learners might use this highly formal and academic word in overly casual contexts. Saying 우리 동네가 도시화됐어 (My neighborhood got urbanized) to a friend might sound a bit stiff compared to saying 우리 동네에 건물이 많이 생겼어 (A lot of buildings were built in my neighborhood). Understanding the register—the level of formality and the appropriate context—is crucial. 도시화 belongs in essays, news, and formal discussions. Finally, a subtle mistake is failing to recognize the negative connotations that can sometimes accompany the word. While it implies development, in modern Korean discourse, it is frequently linked to social problems (housing, pollution, alienation). Using it purely as a positive synonym for 'improvement' misses the complex socio-economic reality the word represents in contemporary South Korea.

Vocabulary Confusion
Mixing it up with 산업화 (industrialization).
Verb Errors
Using unnatural verbs like 만들다 instead of 진행되다.
Register Mismatch
Using it in overly casual, everyday conversation.

(X) 도시화를 만들다 -> (O) 도시화가 진행되다

(X) 산업화와 도시화는 완전히 같은 뜻입니다.

(O) 도시화는 인구가 도시로 집중되는 현상입니다.

(X) 내 방을 도시화했어요.

(O) 이 지역은 도시화로 인해 모습이 크게 변했습니다.

To fully master the vocabulary surrounding societal development, it is important to understand words that are similar to or frequently associated with 도시화. The most closely related term is 산업화 (industrialization), which refers to the transition from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing-based one. These two words are often used together in the phrase 산업화와 도시화 (industrialization and urbanization) to describe Korea's rapid development in the 1970s and 80s. Another related term is 근대화 (modernization), which encompasses a broader shift in society, including political, cultural, and technological changes. 현대화 (modernization/updating) is also similar but often refers to updating specific systems or facilities to current standards (e.g., 시설 현대화). When discussing the negative aspects of urbanization, you might encounter the word 집중화 (concentration), specifically in the context of 수도권 집중화 (concentration in the metropolitan area), which highlights the problematic density of population and resources in Seoul. Conversely, words like 이농 현상 (rural flight/exodus) describe the other side of the urbanization coin—the phenomenon of people leaving farming villages. In recent years, terms like 교외화 (suburbanization) have become more common, describing the movement of people from the dense city center to surrounding suburban areas. There is also 젠트리피케이션 (gentrification), a loanword used to describe the displacement of lower-income residents due to urban renewal. By learning these related terms, you can articulate much more nuanced arguments about urban geography and sociology. Instead of just saying a city got bigger, you can describe the exact nature of its growth, the economic drivers behind it, and the social consequences it entails. This web of vocabulary is essential for anyone aiming to achieve an advanced level of proficiency in Korean, particularly for academic or professional purposes.

산업화 (Industrialization)
The shift to a manufacturing economy.
근대화 (Modernization)
Broad societal shift to modern systems.
집중화 (Concentration)
The gathering of resources or people in one area.

한국은 짧은 기간에 산업화와 도시화를 이루었습니다.

도시화와 함께 이농 현상이 심화되었습니다.

수도권 집중화는 도시화의 대표적인 부작용입니다.

최근에는 도시화를 넘어 교외화가 진행되고 있습니다.

근대화 과정에서 도시화는 필수적인 요소였습니다.

How Formal Is It?

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Noun + 화(化) 되다/하다 (Suffix indicating transformation)

-로 인해 (Due to / caused by - often used with urbanization)

-에 따라 (According to / as - e.g., 도시화가 진행됨에 따라)

-(으)면서 (While / as - e.g., 도시화가 되면서)

Noun + 현상 (Phenomenon - e.g., 도시화 현상)

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

도시화가 무엇입니까?

What is urbanization?

가 (subject particle) + 무엇 (what) + 입니까 (formal question).

2

이곳은 도시화가 되었습니다.

This place has become urbanized.

되다 (to become) in past tense (되었습니다).

3

도시화는 도시가 커지는 것입니다.

Urbanization is the city getting bigger.

는 (topic particle) + 커지다 (to get bigger) + 는 것 (the act of).

4

서울은 도시화가 빠릅니다.

Seoul's urbanization is fast.

빠르다 (to be fast) in formal present tense (빠릅니다).

5

사람들이 도시로 갑니다. 이것이 도시화입니다.

People go to the city. This is urbanization.

로 (direction particle) + 가다 (to go).

6

도시화 때문에 사람이 많습니다.

Because of urbanization, there are many people.

때문에 (because of) + 많다 (to be many).

7

우리는 도시화에 대해 배웁니다.

We learn about urbanization.

에 대해 (about) + 배우다 (to learn).

8

도시화는 좋은 점도 있습니다.

Urbanization also has good points.

도 (also) + 있다 (to exist/have).

1

한국은 1970년대에 도시화가 시작되었습니다.

Korea's urbanization started in the 1970s.

에 (time particle) + 시작되다 (to be started).

2

도시화가 진행되면서 높은 건물이 많아졌습니다.

As urbanization progressed, tall buildings increased.

면서 (while/as) + 많아지다 (to become many).

3

농촌 사람들이 도시로 이사하는 것이 도시화입니다.

Rural people moving to the city is urbanization.

이사하다 (to move) + 는 것 (the act of).

4

도시화로 인해 교통이 복잡해졌습니다.

Due to urbanization, traffic has become complicated.

로 인해 (due to) + 복잡해지다 (to become complicated).

5

많은 나라에서 도시화 현상이 나타나고 있습니다.

The phenomenon of urbanization is appearing in many countries.

고 있다 (present progressive).

6

도시화가 되면 생활이 편리해집니다.

When urbanized, life becomes convenient.

(으)면 (if/when) + 편리해지다 (to become convenient).

7

정부는 도시화 문제를 해결하려고 합니다.

The government is trying to solve urbanization problems.

(으)려고 하다 (to intend to/try to).

8

이 마을은 아직 도시화가 덜 되었습니다.

This village is not yet fully urbanized.

덜 (less/not fully) + 되다 (to become).

1

급격한 도시화는 여러 가지 사회 문제를 야기했습니다.

Rapid urbanization has caused various social problems.

급격한 (rapid) modifies the noun; 야기하다 (to cause).

2

도시화율이 높아지면서 주택 부족 현상이 심각해졌습니다.

As the urbanization rate increased, the housing shortage became serious.

아/어지면서 (as it becomes) + 심각해지다 (to become serious).

3

산업화와 도시화는 밀접한 관련이 있습니다.

Industrialization and urbanization are closely related.

와/과 (and) + 밀접한 관련이 있다 (to be closely related).

4

도시화로 인한 환경 오염을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요합니다.

Efforts are needed to reduce environmental pollution caused by urbanization.

로 인한 (caused by) + 기 위한 (in order to).

5

인구가 도시로 집중되는 도시화 현상은 세계적인 추세입니다.

The urbanization phenomenon, where population concentrates in cities, is a global trend.

는 (noun modifier) + 세계적인 추세 (global trend).

6

과도한 도시화는 농촌의 인구 감소를 초래합니다.

Excessive urbanization leads to population decline in rural areas.

과도한 (excessive) + 초래하다 (to bring about/cause).

7

우리는 도시화의 긍정적인 면과 부정적인 면을 모두 고려해야 합니다.

We must consider both the positive and negative aspects of urbanization.

아/어야 하다 (must/have to).

8

이 지역은 신도시 개발로 인해 빠르게 도시화되고 있습니다.

This area is rapidly urbanizing due to new town development.

로 인해 (due to) + 고 있다 (present progressive).

1

한국의 압축적 도시화는 유례를 찾아보기 힘든 속도로 진행되었습니다.

Korea's compressed urbanization proceeded at an unprecedented speed.

유례를 찾아보기 힘든 (unprecedented) + 속도로 (at a speed).

2

수도권으로의 인구 집중은 도시화가 낳은 가장 큰 부작용 중 하나입니다.

Population concentration in the metropolitan area is one of the biggest side effects born of urbanization.

으로의 (towards) + 은/는 (topic) + 중 하나 (one of).

3

도시화가 성숙기에 접어들면서 양적 팽창보다는 질적 개선이 중요해졌습니다.

As urbanization enters its mature phase, qualitative improvement has become more important than quantitative expansion.

에 접어들면서 (as it enters) + 보다는 (rather than).

4

무분별한 도시화로 인한 생태계 파괴를 막기 위해 그린벨트가 지정되었습니다.

Greenbelts were designated to prevent ecosystem destruction caused by reckless urbanization.

기 위해 (in order to) + 지정되다 (to be designated).

5

최근에는 대도시의 번잡함을 피해 외곽으로 이주하는 역도시화 현상도 관찰됩니다.

Recently, counter-urbanization, where people move to the outskirts to avoid the bustle of large cities, is also observed.

을/를 피해 (avoiding) + 현상도 (phenomenon also).

6

지방 중소도시들은 인구 유출로 인해 도시화의 혜택에서 소외되고 있습니다.

Small and medium-sized regional cities are being alienated from the benefits of urbanization due to population outflow.

에서 소외되다 (to be alienated from).

7

도시화율이 80%를 상회함에 따라, 정부는 새로운 도시 재생 뉴딜 사업을 추진 중입니다.

As the urbanization rate exceeds 80%, the government is pushing for a new urban regeneration New Deal project.

함에 따라 (as/in accordance with) + 추진 중이다 (is in the process of pushing).

8

사회학자들은 도시화가 전통적인 가족 해체와 개인주의 심화에 기여했다고 분석합니다.

Sociologists analyze that urbanization has contributed to the dissolution of traditional families and the deepening of individualism.

에 기여하다 (to contribute to) + 고 분석하다 (analyze that).

1

종주도시화 현상은 국가 전체의 균형 발전을 저해하는 핵심 요인으로 지목받고 있습니다.

The phenomenon of primate city urbanization is pointed out as a core factor hindering the balanced development of the entire nation.

저해하는 (hindering) + 으로 지목받다 (to be pointed out as).

2

급격한 도시화 과정에서 파생된 주거 빈곤 문제는 여전히 해결되지 않은 과제로 남아있습니다.

The issue of housing poverty derived from the rapid urbanization process remains an unresolved task.

에서 파생된 (derived from) + 과제로 남아있다 (remains as a task).

3

스프롤 현상을 동반한 외연적 도시화는 막대한 사회적 비용과 인프라 비효율성을 초래합니다.

Extensive urbanization accompanied by urban sprawl causes massive social costs and infrastructure inefficiency.

을/를 동반한 (accompanied by) + 초래하다 (to cause).

4

포스트 산업 사회에 진입하면서, 기존의 물리적 팽창 중심의 도시화 패러다임은 한계에 직면했습니다.

Entering the post-industrial society, the existing urbanization paradigm centered on physical expansion has faced its limits.

에 진입하면서 (entering into) + 한계에 직면하다 (to face limits).

5

지방 소멸 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 수도권 중심의 도시화 논리에서 탈피해야 한다는 목소리가 높습니다.

There are loud voices saying that to overcome the crisis of regional extinction, we must break away from the logic of urbanization centered on the metropolitan area.

기 위해서는 (in order to) + 에서 탈피하다 (to break away from).

6

기후 변화에 대응하기 위해, 생태적 감수성을 통합한 지속 가능한 도시화 전략이 시급히 요구됩니다.

To respond to climate change, a sustainable urbanization strategy integrating ecological sensitivity is urgently required.

에 대응하기 위해 (to respond to) + 요구되다 (to be required).

7

도시화가 고도화될수록 계층 간 공간적 분리 현상, 즉 거주지 분리 현상이 더욱 뚜렷해지는 경향이 있습니다.

As urbanization becomes highly advanced, the spatial segregation between classes, that is, residential segregation, tends to become more distinct.

ㄹ/을수록 (the more... the more) + 지는 경향이 있다 (tends to become).

8

최근의 스마트 도시화는 정보통신기술을 활용하여 도시 문제의 효율적 해결을 도모하는 방향으로 전개되고 있습니다.

Recent smart urbanization is unfolding in a direction that seeks efficient resolution of urban problems utilizing ICT.

을/를 활용하여 (utilizing) + 도모하다 (to seek/plan).

1

신자유주의적 세계화와 맞물린 현대의 도시화는 공간의 상품화를 가속화하며 도시 빈민의 축출을 정당화하는 기제로 작용하기도 합니다.

Modern urbanization, intertwined with neoliberal globalization, sometimes acts as a mechanism that accelerates the commodification of space and justifies the expulsion of the urban poor.

와/과 맞물린 (intertwined with) + 기제로 작용하다 (acts as a mechanism).

2

국가 주도의 압축적 도시화가 남긴 공간적 불평등의 궤적은 오늘날 한국 사회의 구조적 갈등을 잉태한 근원적 토대라 할 수 있습니다.

The trajectory of spatial inequality left by state-led compressed urbanization can be said to be the fundamental foundation that conceived the structural conflicts of Korean society today.

은/는 ... 토대라 할 수 있다 (can be said to be the foundation).

3

인구 오너스 시대로의 진입은 끝없는 팽창을 전제로 했던 기존의 도시화 담론에 대한 전면적인 인식론적 전환을 촉구하고 있습니다.

The entry into the era of demographic onus is urging a comprehensive epistemological shift regarding the existing urbanization discourse that premised endless expansion.

에 대한 (regarding) + 전환을 촉구하다 (urges a shift).

4

초연결 사회에서의 도시화는 물리적 공간의 집적을 넘어 가상 공간과의 하이브리드적 융합을 통해 새로운 형태의 도시성을 창출하고 있습니다.

Urbanization in a hyper-connected society is creating a new form of urbanity through hybrid convergence with virtual space, moving beyond the agglomeration of physical space.

을/를 넘어 (moving beyond) + 창출하다 (to create).

5

지방 도시의 쇠퇴와 수도권의 비대화라는 이중적 위기는, 파편화된 정책이 아닌 거시적 국토 균형 발전이라는 새로운 도시화 패러다임을 요구합니다.

The dual crisis of the decline of regional cities and the hypertrophy of the metropolitan area demands a new urbanization paradigm of macroscopic balanced national development, not fragmented policies.

라는 (called/which is) + 패러다임을 요구하다 (demands a paradigm).

6

생태 마르크스주의적 관점에서 볼 때, 자본주의적 도시화는 자연의 착취를 공간적으로 구조화하는 과정에 다름 아닙니다.

From an eco-Marxist perspective, capitalistic urbanization is nothing other than the process of spatially structuring the exploitation of nature.

관점에서 볼 때 (from the perspective of) + 에 다름 아니다 (is nothing other than).

7

도시화의 종착역이라 불리는 메가시티 리전의 형성은 행정 구역을 초월한 광역적 거버넌스 체계의 구축을 필연적으로 수반합니다.

The formation of mega-city regions, called the final destination of urbanization, inevitably entails the establishment of a wide-area governance system transcending administrative districts.

이라 불리는 (called) + 수반하다 (to entail/accompany).

8

젠트리피케이션은 단순한 상권의 변화가 아니라, 자본의 공간적 재편성 과정에서 발생하는 폭력적인 재도시화의 한 단면을 보여줍니다.

Gentrification is not simply a change in commercial districts, but shows a cross-section of violent re-urbanization occurring in the process of capital's spatial reorganization.

이/가 아니라 (not A but) + 단면을 보여주다 (shows a cross-section).

समानार्थी शब्द

산업화 개발

विलोम शब्द

농촌화

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

도시화가 진행되다 (urbanization progresses)
도시화를 촉진하다 (to accelerate urbanization)
급격한 도시화 (rapid urbanization)
도시화율 (urbanization rate)
도시화 현상 (urbanization phenomenon)
도시화 문제 (urbanization problems)
도시화의 부작용 (side effects of urbanization)
과도한 도시화 (excessive urbanization)
도시화 과정 (process of urbanization)
무분별한 도시화 (reckless urbanization)

सामान्य वाक्यांश

도시화로 인해 (due to urbanization)
도시화에 따라 (according to urbanization)
도시화가 가속화되다 (urbanization is accelerating)
도시화의 영향 (the impact of urbanization)
도시화의 물결 (the wave of urbanization)
도시화가 완료되다 (urbanization is completed)
도시화의 그늘 (the dark side of urbanization)
도시화 지수 (urbanization index)
도시화 초기 단계 (early stage of urbanization)
세계적인 도시화 (global urbanization)

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

도시화 vs 산업화 (Industrialization - focus on factories/economy, not just city growth)

도시화 vs 현대화 (Modernization - focus on updating technology/systems)

도시화 vs 서구화 (Westernization - focus on adopting Western culture)

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"콘크리트 정글 (concrete jungle - related concept)"
"빌딩 숲 (forest of buildings - related concept)"
"상전벽해 (mulberry field turns into a blue sea - dramatic change)"
"천지개벽 (creation of the world - dramatic change)"
"이농향도 (leaving the farm, heading to the city)"
"서울 공화국 (Republic of Seoul - extreme urbanization)"
"빨리빨리 문화 (hurry hurry culture - related to urban life)"
"마천루의 저주 (curse of the skyscraper)"
"회색 도시 (grey city)"
"별 보기가 하늘의 별 따기 (seeing stars is like plucking stars from the sky - due to light pollution)"

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

도시화 vs

도시화 vs

도시화 vs

도시화 vs

도시화 vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

nuance

While technically neutral, in modern Korean media, 도시화 is frequently brought up in the context of the problems it causes (traffic, housing, pollution) rather than its benefits.

colloquial usage

Not used colloquially. Native speakers use simpler phrases like '동네가 많이 변했다' (the neighborhood changed a lot) in daily life.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using 도시화 as a standalone verb (e.g., 도시화다 instead of 도시화되다).
  • Confusing it with 산업화 (industrialization), which focuses on factories, not city growth.
  • Using it in casual conversation to describe minor changes to a neighborhood.
  • Mispronouncing it by dropping the 'h' sound in '화'.
  • Pairing it with unnatural verbs like '도시화를 만들다' instead of '도시화가 진행되다'.

सुझाव

Use with 진행되다

To sound like a native speaker in formal writing, pair 도시화 with the verb 진행되다 (to progress). Instead of saying 도시화가 있어요 (there is urbanization), say 도시화가 진행되고 있습니다 (urbanization is progressing). This is the standard academic phrasing. It elevates your sentence instantly.

The Power of '화' (化)

Learn the Hanja '화' (化) meaning 'change'. Once you know this, you can unlock dozens of words. 도시 (city) + 화 = 도시화. 기계 (machine) + 화 = 기계화 (mechanization). It is a highly productive suffix in Korean.

Perfect for TOPIK II

If you are taking the TOPIK II exam, memorize this word. It frequently appears in reading passages about society, geography, and the environment. Using it in your writing task (Question 54) will definitely boost your vocabulary score.

Understand the 'Miracle'

To truly understand this word, read about the 'Miracle on the Han River' (한강의 기적). Korea's urbanization was tied to its explosive economic growth. The word carries a sense of rapid, almost overwhelming change.

News Keywords

When watching Korean news, listen for 도시화 alongside words like 부동산 (real estate), 인구 (population), and 환경 (environment). These topics are almost always discussed together. It will help you predict the context of the news report.

급격한 도시화

Memorize the chunk '급격한 도시화' (rapid urbanization). In Korea, urbanization didn't happen slowly; it happened in a flash. Therefore, this adjective is almost permanently attached to the noun in historical contexts.

Not Just Building

Remember that urbanization is not just about building houses. It's a demographic shift. It means people are moving. If you just build empty buildings, that's not fully 도시화. It involves the concentration of population.

The Flip Side: 이농

You can't have urbanization without people leaving the countryside. Learn the word 이농 (rural flight). Discussing 도시화 and 이농 together shows a deep, balanced understanding of demographic trends.

Clear Vowels

Make sure to pronounce all three syllables clearly: 도-시-화. Don't rush it. In formal speech, clear enunciation of Sino-Korean vocabulary makes you sound more educated and persuasive.

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of a 'DOg' (도) 'SItting' (시) in a city, watching the 'HWA' (화 - fire/change) of transformation as buildings go up.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Sino-Korean

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Led to the dominance of 'Apartment' (아파트) culture in Korea.

Directly linked to current issues like low birth rates and high housing costs.

Korea's urbanization is known as 'compressed urbanization' (압축적 도시화), happening in 30 years instead of 100.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"한국의 빠른 도시화가 가져온 가장 큰 장점과 단점은 무엇이라고 생각하나요?"

"당신의 고향은 도시화가 많이 진행되었나요?"

"도시화로 인해 사라져가는 전통문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?"

"과도한 도시화를 막기 위해 정부는 어떤 정책을 펼쳐야 할까요?"

"미래의 도시화는 어떤 모습일 것이라고 예상하나요?"

डायरी विषय

Describe how your hometown has changed due to urbanization over the last 10 years.

Write an essay on the environmental impacts of rapid urbanization.

Compare the urbanization process of South Korea with that of your own country.

Discuss the psychological effects of living in a highly urbanized environment.

Imagine a future where 'counter-urbanization' becomes the main trend. What would society look like?

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

It is generally too formal for casual conversation. If you are talking to a friend about your neighborhood getting more buildings, it sounds unnatural. Instead, you would say something like '우리 동네에 건물이 많이 생겼어' (A lot of buildings were built in my neighborhood). Reserve 도시화 for essays, debates, or discussing the news. It is an academic and journalistic term. Using it correctly shows a high level of Korean proficiency.

도시화 (urbanization) refers to the physical and demographic growth of cities. It means people moving to cities and cities getting bigger. 산업화 (industrialization) refers to the economic shift from farming to manufacturing and factories. While they often happen at the same time, they describe different things. You can have industrialization that drives urbanization, which is what happened in Korea.

You add the verb '되다' (to become) or '하다' (to do). '도시화되다' means 'to be urbanized' or 'to become a city'. '도시화하다' means 'to urbanize' (active, usually done by a government or planner). In most cases, you will use the passive form '도시화되다' because urbanization is a process that happens to a place. For example, '마을이 도시화되었다' (The village was urbanized).

The suffix '화' comes from the Hanja character 化, which means 'change' or 'transformation'. It is equivalent to the English suffixes '-ization' or '-ification'. You will see it in many advanced Korean words. For example, 세계화 (globalization), 서구화 (Westernization), and 자동화 (automation). Knowing this suffix helps you guess the meaning of many new words.

The word itself is neutral; it just describes a process. However, in modern Korean discourse, it is frequently associated with negative side effects. When people talk about 도시화 on the news, they are often discussing traffic, pollution, or housing shortages. But historically, it is also associated with Korea's rapid economic growth and modernization. Context determines the tone.

역도시화 (counter-urbanization) is the opposite of urbanization. The prefix '역' means 'reverse' or 'counter'. It describes the phenomenon where people move away from crowded cities back to rural or suburban areas. This is a newer trend in some developed countries, driven by a desire for a better quality of life, remote work, or high city living costs. It is an advanced vocabulary word.

It is pronounced exactly as it is spelled: [도-시-화]. The syllables are 'do', 'si', and 'hwa'. Make sure to pronounce the 'h' sound in 'hwa' clearly, but don't overemphasize it. It should flow smoothly. Beginners sometimes slur the vowels, so practice saying it slowly first: do-si-hwa.

The most common adjective is 급격한 (rapid). You will often hear '급격한 도시화' (rapid urbanization). Another common one is 무분별한 (reckless/indiscreet), used when cities expand without proper planning. You might also see 과도한 (excessive). These adjectives highlight the speed and scale of the process.

South Korea experienced one of the fastest rates of urbanization in human history. After the Korean War, it was mostly agricultural. Within a few decades, millions moved to Seoul and other cities to work. This 'compressed urbanization' created the modern, high-tech Korea of today, but also caused immense social changes and challenges. It is a defining feature of modern Korean identity.

도시화율 means 'urbanization rate'. The suffix '율' means 'rate' or 'percentage'. It refers to the percentage of a country's total population that lives in urban areas. South Korea's 도시화율 is very high, over 80%. This term is frequently used in geography classes, government reports, and economic news.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

खुद को परखो 180 सवाल

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

अभ्यास करने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

संबंधित सामग्री

geography के और शब्द

대륙

B1

महाद्वीप भूमि का एक बहुत बड़ा क्षेत्र है, जैसे अफ्रीका या एशिया। यह दुनिया के मुख्य निरंतर भूभागों में से एक है।

밀집하다

B1

किसी विशिष्ट क्षेत्र में घना या केंद्रित होना। 'शहर के केंद्र में जनसंख्या घनी है।'

밀집

B2

एक छोटे से क्षेत्र में बहुत करीब से भीड़भाड़ या केंद्रित होने की स्थिति। शहरी क्षेत्रों में जनसंख्या घनत्व एक बड़ी चिंता का विषय है।

선진국

B2

एक विकसित देश जिसकी अर्थव्यवस्था और तकनीक उन्नत हो। दक्षिण कोरिया अब एक 선진국 है।

현지

B1

वह वास्तविक स्थान जहाँ कोई घटना हो रही है।

위치하다

B1

किसी विशिष्ट स्थान पर स्थित या अवस्थित होना। यह भौगोलिक स्थितियों के लिए 'होना' कहने का औपचारिक तरीका है।

궁전

A2

महल एक शासक का आधिकारिक निवास होता है।

인구 밀도

B2

जनसंख्या घनत्व प्रति इकाई क्षेत्र में रहने वाले लोगों की संख्या का माप है।

지역

B1

किसी देश या दुनिया का एक विशेष क्षेत्र या हिस्सा।

거주하다

B1

किसी विशेष स्थान पर लंबे समय तक रहना; निवास करना। 'वह वर्तमान में दिल्ली में निवास कर रहा है।'

क्या यह मददगार था?

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