破壊 30 सेकंड में
- Hakai means 'destruction' or 'demolition'.
- It is a formal and strong word compared to 'kowasu'.
- It applies to both physical objects and abstract systems.
- It is commonly used in news, science, and pop culture (anime).
The Japanese word 破壊 (はかい - hakai) is a powerful noun and suru-verb that translates primarily to 'destruction' or 'demolition'. It is composed of two kanji: 破 (ha), meaning to break, rip, or smash, and 壊 (kai), meaning to break down, crumble, or demolish. Together, they describe the act of rendering something functional or structural into a state of ruin. Unlike the simpler verb kowasu (to break), hakai carries a much heavier, often more formal or large-scale connotation. It is used for everything from the physical demolition of buildings to the abstract destruction of peace, systems, or even digital data.
- Physical Destruction
- Refers to the literal breaking of objects, buildings, or infrastructure. Example: 震災による建物の破壊 (Destruction of buildings due to the earthquake).
- Abstract Destruction
- Used for non-physical concepts like peace, order, or relationships. Example: 平和の破壊 (Destruction of peace).
- Biological/Chemical
- Used in science to describe the breakdown of cells or molecules. Example: 細胞の破壊 (Cell destruction).
「怪獣が街を破壊した。」 (The monster destroyed the city.)
In a broader sense, hakai is often associated with irreversible damage. While you might 'break' (kowasu) a toy and fix it, 'destruction' (hakai) implies a level of damage that makes the original state difficult or impossible to recover. In modern Japanese culture, especially in anime and manga, hakai is a frequent keyword, often appearing in the titles of powerful characters or ultimate attacks, signifying total annihilation.
自然界の均衡を破壊してはならない。
古い制度を破壊し、新しい時代を築く。
証拠を破壊する行為は罪に問われる。
核兵器は人類を破壊する力を持っている。
- Scale
- Usually implies a significant or total loss of function.
- Intent
- Can be intentional (demolition) or accidental (disaster).
Using 破壊 (hakai) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and its transformation into a transitive verb by adding suru. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence. As a verb, hakai suru (破壊する) means 'to destroy' something. It is a transitive verb, meaning it always takes a direct object marked by the particle を (o).
- Grammar Pattern 1: [Object] を 破壊する
- This is the most common active form. Example: 敵の基地を破壊する (Destroy the enemy base).
- Grammar Pattern 2: [Noun] の 破壊
- Used to describe the destruction of something as a concept. Example: 環境の破壊 (Environmental destruction).
- Grammar Pattern 3: [Object] が 破壊される
- The passive form, used when something is destroyed by an external force. Example: 建物が地震で破壊された (The building was destroyed by the earthquake).
In formal writing, such as news reports or academic papers, hakai is preferred over more colloquial terms. For instance, when discussing the ozone layer, you would say オゾン層の破壊 (ozon-sou no hakai). In software development, it might refer to 'destructive' actions like deleting a database: データの破壊的変更 (destructive changes to data).
「このプログラムはハードウェアを破壊する恐れがあります。」 (This program may destroy the hardware.)
One must be careful not to confuse hakai with koshou (故障 - breakdown/malfunction). If your car stops working, it is koshou. If you smash your car with a sledgehammer until it is unrecognizable, it is hakai. Hakai implies a structural failure or a violent end to the object's existence.
You will encounter 破壊 (hakai) in several distinct contexts in Japan, ranging from the evening news to popular entertainment. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the 'weight' of the word.
1. News and Media
In news broadcasts, hakai is used to describe the aftermath of natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, or typhoons. You will hear phrases like 甚大な破壊 (jindai na hakai - immense destruction). It is also used in political news regarding the 'destruction' of democratic processes or international relations.
2. Anime and Manga
This is perhaps where the word is most 'famous' globally. Characters often have titles like 破壊神 (Hakaishin - God of Destruction). The word is shouted during battle scenes to describe the power of an attack. It carries a sense of overwhelming force and cool, albeit dark, power.
3. Environmental Discussions
Environmentalism is a major topic in Japan. Terms like 自然破壊 (shizen hakai - destruction of nature) and 環境破壊 (kankyou hakai - environmental destruction) are taught in schools and discussed in documentaries. It highlights the negative impact of human activity on the planet.
4. Information Technology
In IT, 'destructive' (破壊的 - hakaiteki) refers to operations that overwrite or delete data permanently. A 'destructive read' or 'destructive update' are technical terms used by Japanese developers.
「環境破壊を止めるために、私たちは行動しなければならない。」
While 破壊 (hakai) is a versatile word, learners often misuse it in place of more specific terms. Here are the most frequent errors:
- Mistake 1: Using it for small, everyday items
- If you drop a plate, you say wareta (割れた) or kowashita (壊した). Saying you 'destroyed' (hakai shita) a plate sounds like you intentionally pulverized it into dust with a hammer.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with 故障 (Koshou)
- Koshou is for mechanical or electronic failure where the object looks fine but doesn't work. Hakai is for physical ruin. If your phone has a software bug, it's koshou. If you run it over with a truck, it's hakai.
- Mistake 3: Confusing with 破る (Yaburu)
- Yaburu is used for tearing paper, breaking promises, or defeating an opponent. While hakai involves the kanji 破, it is not used for promises or simple paper tearing.
Another nuance to watch out for is the difference between hakai and houkai (崩壊). Houkai means 'collapse' and is usually used for structures falling down under their own weight or systems (like the economy) failing from within. Hakai usually implies an external force doing the destroying.
Japanese has many words for 'breaking' or 'destroying'. Choosing the right one depends on the object and the extent of the damage.
- 壊す (Kowasu): The general verb for 'to break'. Used for everything from toys to health (karada o kowasu).
- 崩壊 (Houkai): Collapse. Used for buildings falling down, or abstract things like 'family collapse' (kazoku houkai) or 'economic collapse'.
- 滅亡 (Metsubou): Downfall or extinction. Used for civilizations, kingdoms, or species (jinrui metsubou - extinction of humanity).
- 破損 (Hason): Damage. A more formal, often legal or insurance-related term for when something is damaged but not necessarily totally destroyed.
- 全壊 (Zenkai): Complete destruction. Specifically used for buildings that are 100% destroyed, often in disaster reports.
When comparing hakai to kowasu, think of hakai as the 'big brother'. It is more dramatic, more formal, and suggests a higher degree of impact. In a video game, you might kowasu a crate to find items, but the boss might hakai the entire world.
| Word | Context | Vibe |
|---|---|---|
| 破壊 | War, Disaster, Systems | Violent, Total |
| 壊す | Everyday objects, Health | General, Common |
| 破損 | Shipping, Insurance | Technical, Partial |
How Formal Is It?
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कठिनाई स्तर
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
怪獣が街を破壊します。
The monster destroys the city.
Simple transitive verb use.
ロボットが壁を破壊した。
The robot destroyed the wall.
Past tense of hakai suru.
破壊は怖いです。
Destruction is scary.
Hakai used as a noun subject.
おもちゃを破壊しないでください。
Please do not destroy the toy.
Negative request form.
大きな破壊がありました。
There was a big destruction.
Noun + ga arimashita.
彼は家を破壊しました。
He destroyed the house.
Standard S-O-V structure.
破壊の音を聞きました。
I heard the sound of destruction.
Noun + no + Noun.
この爆弾は破壊力がすごいです。
This bomb has amazing destructive power.
Hakai-ryoku (destructive power).
地震で多くの家が破壊されました。
Many houses were destroyed by the earthquake.
Passive voice: hakai sareru.
古いビルを破壊して、新しいビルを建てます。
We will destroy the old building and build a new one.
Te-form for sequence of actions.
彼は怒って、部屋を破壊した。
He got angry and destroyed the room.
Expressing cause (angry) and effect.
自然を破壊するのは良くないです。
Destroying nature is not good.
Nominalizing the verb with 'no wa'.
台風が村を破壊しました。
The typhoon destroyed the village.
Subject (typhoon) + Object (village).
破壊された道を通ることができません。
I cannot pass through the destroyed road.
Passive participle modifying a noun.
平和を破壊してはいけません。
You must not destroy peace.
Te wa ikemasen (prohibition).
この映画には破壊のシーンが多いです。
There are many destruction scenes in this movie.
Describing content.
環境破壊は地球全体の大きな問題です。
Environmental destruction is a major problem for the entire Earth.
Compound noun: Kankyou-hakai.
戦争はすべてを破壊してしまう。
War ends up destroying everything.
Te-shimau (regret/completeness).
そのウイルスはデータを破壊する可能性があります。
The virus has the potential to destroy data.
Kanousei ga aru (there is a possibility).
伝統的な文化が破壊されつつある。
Traditional culture is being destroyed.
Tsutsu-aru (ongoing process).
彼は自分の人生を自ら破壊した。
He destroyed his own life himself.
Mizukara (by oneself).
この薬はがん細胞を破壊するために作られた。
This medicine was made to destroy cancer cells.
Tame ni (purpose).
森林破壊が原因で、多くの動物が住み家を失った。
Due to deforestation, many animals lost their homes.
Ga gen-in de (due to...).
経済の破壊を防ぐための対策が必要です。
Measures are needed to prevent the destruction of the economy.
Fusegu tame no (to prevent).
その爆発は、半径5キロ以内の建物を完全に破壊した。
The explosion completely destroyed buildings within a 5km radius.
Kanzen ni (completely) adverbial use.
既存の秩序を破壊することが彼の目的だった。
His goal was to destroy the existing order.
Kizon no chitsujo (existing order).
このソフトウェアは破壊的な変更を含んでいます。
This software contains destructive changes.
Hakaiteki na (destructive) adjective form.
オゾン層の破壊は深刻な状況にあります。
The destruction of the ozone layer is in a serious state.
Shinkoku na joukyou (serious situation).
彼は衝動的に証拠を破壊してしまった。
He impulsively destroyed the evidence.
Shoudouteki ni (impulsively).
その政策は、中小企業の経営を破壊しかねない。
That policy could potentially destroy the management of small businesses.
Kane-nai (might/could potentially - negative outcome).
都市開発の名の下に、歴史的建造物が破壊されている。
Historical buildings are being destroyed in the name of urban development.
Na no moto ni (in the name of).
精神的な破壊は、肉体的な傷よりも治りにくい。
Mental destruction is harder to heal than physical wounds.
Hikaku (comparison) using yori mo.
シュンペーターは「創造的破壊」こそが資本主義の原動力だと説いた。
Schumpeter argued that 'creative destruction' is the driving force of capitalism.
Koso (emphasis) and toita (argued/explained).
核抑止論は、相互確証破壊（MAD）の概念に基づいている。
Nuclear deterrence theory is based on the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD).
Ni motozuite iru (based on).
その独裁者は、反対勢力を組織的に破壊していった。
The dictator systematically destroyed the opposition forces.
Soshikiteki ni (systematically) + te-iku (progressive action).
美学における「破壊の美」というテーマについて論じる。
Discuss the theme of the 'beauty of destruction' in aesthetics.
Ni okeru (in/regarding).
サイバー攻撃により、国家の基幹インフラが破壊されるリスクがある。
There is a risk that national critical infrastructure will be destroyed by cyber attacks.
Kikan infura (critical infrastructure).
言語の破壊は、思考の破壊へと繋がる。
The destruction of language leads to the destruction of thought.
Eto tsunagaru (leads to).
自己破壊的な行動パターンを克服するのは容易ではない。
It is not easy to overcome self-destructive behavior patterns.
Jiko-hakaiteki (self-destructive).
その建築家は、空間の概念を破壊するような斬新な設計を行った。
The architect created a novel design that seemed to destroy the very concept of space.
You na (like/as if).
エントロピーの増大は、宇宙における秩序の必然的な破壊を意味する。
The increase in entropy implies the inevitable destruction of order in the universe.
Hitsuzenteki na (inevitable).
ポスト構造主義は、言語の固定的な意味を解体し、破壊しようと試みた。
Post-structuralism attempted to deconstruct and destroy the fixed meanings of language.
Kaitai (deconstruction) and kokoromita (attempted).
文明の崩壊は、外部からの侵略よりも、内部的な価値観の破壊から始まることが多い。
The collapse of civilization often begins with the destruction of internal values rather than external invasion.
Yori mo... kara hajimaru (starts from... rather than...).
彼は、既存の芸術形式を徹底的に破壊することで、新たな地平を切り拓いた。
By thoroughly destroying existing art forms, he opened up new horizons.
Tetteiteki ni (thoroughly) + koto de (by doing).
法治国家において、司法の独立を損なう行為は、民主主義の根幹を破壊するに等しい。
In a constitutional state, acts that undermine judicial independence are equivalent to destroying the foundation of democracy.
Ni hitoshii (equivalent to).
量子力学的な観測行為が、波束の収縮という形で状態の重なりを破壊する。
The act of quantum mechanical observation destroys the superposition of states in the form of wave packet collapse.
Technical scientific terminology.
歴史の改竄は、民族のアイデンティティを根底から破壊する行為である。
The falsification of history is an act that destroys a nation's identity from its roots.
Kondei kara (from the roots/foundation).
虚無主義的な思想は、あらゆる道徳的価値の破壊を帰結とする。
Nihilistic thought results in the destruction of all moral values.
Kiketsu to suru (results in/leads to the conclusion of).
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
破壊の限りを尽くす (To destroy as much as possible)
均衡を破壊する (To destroy the balance)
秩序を破壊する (To destroy order)
記録を破壊する (To break/destroy a record - rare/dramatic)
伝統を破壊する (To destroy tradition)
組織を破壊する (To destroy an organization)
神経を破壊する (To destroy nerves/sanity)
核による破壊 (Destruction by nuclear weapons)
徹底的に破壊する (To destroy thoroughly)
創造的破壊 (Creative destruction)
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
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आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Hakai is objective and strong. Kowasu is subjective and general.
Hakai is high formality (Kango).
- Using 破壊 for a broken promise (Use 破る).
- Using 破壊 for a computer bug (Use 故障).
- Writing the kanji 壊 with the wrong radical.
- Using 破壊 as an intransitive verb without 'sareru'.
- Overusing it for minor things like a broken pencil.
सुझाव
Stroke Order
Pay attention to the 'earth' radical on the left of 壊. It's essential for the meaning.
Suru-Verb
Remember it's a transitive suru-verb. You need an object to destroy.
Compound Words
Learn it with 'Kankyou' (Environment) to make 'Kankyou-hakai', a very common term.
Emphasis
Use it to emphasize the severity of damage in a story.
Anime Context
Notice how villains often use this word to sound more menacing.
News Keywords
When you hear 'Hakai' on the news, look for visuals of rubble or disasters.
Formal Reports
Use 破壊 when writing about the impact of a storm in a report.
Literature
In books, 破壊 often symbolizes the end of an era or a character's mental state.
Antonyms
Contrast it with 'Kensetsu' (Construction) to remember both words better.
Scale
Always ask: Is the damage big enough to be called 'Hakai'?
याद करें
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Sino-Japanese origin (Kango), used since ancient times to describe ruin.
सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
Links to 'Mujō' (impermanence) where everything is destined for destruction.
The word is iconic in the 'Tokusatsu' (Godzilla) genre.
Japan has strict laws regarding 'building destruction' (demolition) due to high density.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"最近、環境破壊についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about environmental destruction lately?)"
"この古いビルはいつ破壊される予定ですか？ (When is this old building scheduled to be demolished?)"
"アニメで一番好きな破壊神は誰ですか？ (Who is your favorite God of Destruction in anime?)"
"データの破壊を防ぐために何をしていますか？ (What do you do to prevent data destruction?)"
"創造的破壊という言葉を聞いたことがありますか？ (Have you heard the term 'creative destruction'?)"
डायरी विषय
あなたが「破壊」という言葉から連想するものを書いてください。(Write about what you associate with the word 'destruction'.)
古いものを破壊して新しいものを作るべきだと思いますか？ (Do you think old things should be destroyed to make new ones?)
最近見た映画の破壊シーンについて説明してください。(Describe a destruction scene from a movie you saw recently.)
自分の中の悪い習慣を破壊する方法を考えてください。(Think of ways to destroy bad habits within yourself.)
自然破壊を止めるために自分ができることをリストにしてください。(List things you can do to stop natural destruction.)
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालNo, usually 'shitsuren' (lost love) or 'kokoro ga oreta' (heart broke) is used. Hakai is too literal.
Usually, but in 'Creative Destruction' (創造的破壊), it is seen as a necessary step for progress.
Kaimetsu is much stronger, usually meaning 'annihilation' or 'total wipeout' of a group or army.
It is 'jiko-hakai' (自己破壊) or 'jibaku' (自爆 - literally self-exploding).
Yes, 'data no hakai' is a standard term for data corruption or deletion.
Yes, it is a B1 level word, very common in media and literature.
It means 'Destroyer' (a person who destroys).
Usually 'karada o kowasu' is used. Hakai is too strong unless it's 'cell destruction'.
The second kanji (壊) is N2 level and has many strokes, so it can be tricky for beginners.
Only if you smash it completely. If it just has a crack, use 'wareta'.
खुद को परखो 180 सवाल
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
破壊 (hakai) is the go-to word for serious, large-scale, or total destruction. Use it for buildings, the environment, or systems, but stick to 'kowasu' for everyday accidents.
- Hakai means 'destruction' or 'demolition'.
- It is a formal and strong word compared to 'kowasu'.
- It applies to both physical objects and abstract systems.
- It is commonly used in news, science, and pop culture (anime).
Stroke Order
Pay attention to the 'earth' radical on the left of 壊. It's essential for the meaning.
Suru-Verb
Remember it's a transitive suru-verb. You need an object to destroy.
Compound Words
Learn it with 'Kankyou' (Environment) to make 'Kankyou-hakai', a very common term.
Emphasis
Use it to emphasize the severity of damage in a story.
उदाहरण
地震が都市に大きな破壊をもたらした。
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
nature के और शब्द
～上
B1'ue' का अर्थ है 'ऊपर' या 'पर' ।
〜の上
A2किसी चीज़ के ऊपर। जैसे: 'किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है' (Hon wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu)।
豊か
B1Abundant; rich; plentiful (na-adjective).
〜に従って
B1According to, in conformity with, as (something happens).
酸性雨
B1Acid rain.
営み
B1Activity; daily life; undertaking (e.g., life's activities).
順応する
B1To adapt; to adjust; to conform.
~を背景に
B1Against the backdrop of; with...as background.
空気
A2air
大気汚染
B1Air pollution; the presence of harmful substances in the air.
