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B1 verb 9 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

sunmak

उदाहरण sunmak 30 सेकंड में
व्याख्या sunmak in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should recognize 'sunmak' as a more formal way of saying 'vermek' (to give). You might see it in simple signs or very basic news titles. For now, just remember that it involves 'giving' something in a polite way, like a gift or a piece of information. You won't need to use it much in daily conversation, as 'vermek' is sufficient for basic needs. Example: 'Çiçek sundu' (He offered flowers). Focus on the basic meaning: giving something to someone else.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the A2 level, you start to see 'sunmak' in contexts like television and simple business advertisements. You should understand that a 'sunucu' is a person who presents a show. You might use it in a simple sentence about school work, like 'Ödevimi sundum' (I presented my homework). You are beginning to distinguish between 'giving a physical object' (vermek) and 'presenting information' (sunmak). You should also notice the -e/-a suffix on the person receiving the item.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'sunmak' correctly in professional or academic settings. You should be able to talk about presenting a report, a project, or an idea. You understand the difference between 'teklif etmek' (to propose) and 'sunmak' (to present). You can form sentences like 'Yeni planı patrona sunduk' (We presented the new plan to the boss). You also start to recognize the passive form 'sunulur' in formal notices or menus. This is where the word becomes a regular part of your vocabulary for work and study.
At the B2 level, you use 'sunmak' with nuance. You understand its use in abstract contexts, such as 'fırsatlar sunmak' (offering opportunities) or 'çözümler sunmak' (offering solutions). You are comfortable using the word in formal emails and can vary your word choice between 'sunmak', 'takdim etmek', and 'arz etmek' depending on who you are talking to. You also understand more complex grammatical structures involving 'sunmak', such as 'sunulmakta olan' (that which is being presented).
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C1 level, 'sunmak' is a tool for professional and academic precision. You use it in complex passive constructions and understand its historical and cultural weight. You can analyze how 'sunmak' is used in literature or high-level journalism to create a specific tone. You use it to describe the 'presentation' of an argument in an essay or the 'offering' of a diplomatic solution. You are aware of its collocations like 'arz-ı endam etmek' (to make an appearance/show oneself) which uses a related root.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'sunmak' and its derivatives. You can use it metaphorically and in highly specialized legal or bureaucratic contexts. You understand the subtle difference between 'sunu' (presentation/offering) and 'sunum' (presentation/act of presenting). You can use the word to discuss the philosophy of giving and presenting in Turkish culture. Your use of 'sunmak' is indistinguishable from a native speaker, showing perfect command over register and social context.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें
उदाहरण

sunmak 30 सेकंड में

  • Sunmak means to present, offer, or submit. It is more formal than the basic verb 'vermek' (to give) and implies intentionality.
  • It is the standard verb for hosting TV shows, giving professional presentations, and submitting official documents to superiors or institutions.
  • Grammatically, it usually takes an object in the accusative case and a recipient in the dative case (to someone, something).
  • Commonly heard in media (presenters), business (reports), and formal social situations (offering respects or high-end hospitality).

The Turkish verb sunmak is a versatile and essential term that primarily translates to 'to present', 'to offer', or 'to submit'. While it shares some semantic space with the word 'vermek' (to give), sunmak carries a much higher degree of formality and intentionality. It is the standard verb used when someone is delivering a presentation, hosting a television program, or formally handing over a report to a superior. In a broader sense, it encompasses the act of making something available for consideration, whether that be an idea, a physical object, or a performance.

Professional Context
In the workplace, you use this word to describe the act of presenting data or submitting a proposal. For example, 'Yeni projeyi yönetim kuruluna sunduk' means 'We presented the new project to the board of directors'.
Media and Entertainment
Television hosts are called 'sunucu' (presenter). When they introduce a guest or a segment, they are performing the action of 'sunmak'. It implies a bridge between the content and the audience.
Formal Offerings
When offering deep respect or condolences, 'sunmak' is used to elevate the tone. 'Saygılarımı sunarım' is a standard formal closing in letters, meaning 'I offer my respects'.

Garson, bize en iyi yemeklerini sunmak için elinden geleni yaptı.

Translation: The waiter did his best to present his best dishes to us.

The word also appears in religious or highly traditional contexts. Historically, it was used for presenting gifts to a monarch or offerings to a deity. This historical weight is why the word feels 'heavy' and respectful today. If you are at a casual dinner with friends and you give someone a napkin, you would never use 'sunmak'; you would use 'vermek'. However, if you are giving a keynote speech at a conference, 'sunmak' is the only appropriate choice. It signals that the speaker acknowledges the importance of the audience and the value of the material being shared.

Sanatçı, yeni albümünü hayranlarına sundu.

Haber bültenini her akşam aynı kişi sunuyor.

Lütfen raporunuzu yarın sabah sunun.

Bu fırsatı size büyük bir memnuniyetle sunuyoruz.

Using sunmak correctly requires an understanding of Turkish case endings. As a transitive verb, it typically requires an object in the accusative case (-i, -ı, -u, -ü) and a recipient in the dative case (-e, -a). The structure is: [Subject] + [Recipient-e/a] + [Object-i/ı] + [sunmak]. This grammatical precision is what makes your Turkish sound professional and fluent.

The Accusative Object
The thing being presented must be specific. 'Raporu sundu' (He presented THE report). If the object is general, the accusative marker might be dropped: 'Çay sundular' (They offered tea).
The Dative Recipient
The person or group receiving the presentation takes the -e/-a suffix. 'Müdüre sundum' (I presented TO the manager).
Tense Variations
Sunuyor (is presenting), Sundu (presented), Sunacak (will present), Sunar (presents/offers generally).

Öğrenciler dönem sonu ödevlerini sınıfa sunacaklar.

Translation: The students will present their end-of-term assignments to the class.

In passive constructions, sunmak becomes 'sunulmak' (to be presented). This is extremely common in academic writing and news reporting. For example, 'Yeni veriler kamuoyuna sunuldu' (New data was presented to the public). Here, the focus shifts from who is doing the presenting to the information itself. This passive form is a hallmark of B2 and C1 level Turkish proficiency.

Bu makalede, konuyla ilgili farklı perspektifler sunulmaktadır.

Size bir bardak su sunabilir miyim?

Finally, consider the use of the word in compound structures. 'Hizmet sunmak' (to provide/offer service) is a standard business term. Companies don't just 'do' service; they 'present' or 'offer' it to their customers. This nuance reflects the service-oriented nature of Turkish culture, where the customer is often viewed as a guest to whom things are 'presented' with care.

If you turn on a Turkish television channel, sunmak is one of the first words you will encounter. Every news broadcast begins with a 'sunucu' (presenter) saying something like 'Haberleri sunuyoruz' (We are presenting the news). In the world of Turkish media, the act of 'sunmak' is what defines the relationship between the broadcaster and the viewer. It is not merely talking; it is the curated delivery of information.

Conferences and Seminars
In academic or corporate settings, you will hear speakers say, 'Bugün sizlere araştırmamı sunacağım' (Today I will present my research to you). It is the standard way to open a talk.
Award Ceremonies
When an award is given, the host says, 'Ödülü sunmak üzere sahneye davet ediyorum...' (I invite to the stage to present the award...).
Formal Correspondence
In emails to professors or bosses, phrases like 'Bilgilerinize sunarım' (I submit for your information) are ubiquitous.

TRT haberlerini kim sunuyor?

Translation: Who is presenting the TRT news?

Beyond the screen and the stage, you will find sunmak in the hospitality industry. High-end restaurants often describe their menu items using this verb in their printed materials: 'Şefimiz size Anadolu'nun eşsiz lezzetlerini sunuyor' (Our chef presents to you the unique flavors of Anatolia). This usage elevates the dining experience from a simple meal to a curated event. It suggests that the food has been prepared with artistic intent and is being offered as a gift of skill.

Bu otel, misafirlerine beş yıldızlı bir konfor sunmaktadır.

In everyday life, while less common than 'vermek', you might hear it when someone is trying to be particularly polite or when they are making a formal apology or suggestion. 'Size bir öneri sunmak istiyorum' (I want to offer a suggestion to you) sounds much more professional and less intrusive than 'Size bir öneri vermek istiyorum'. It gives the recipient the space to 'consider' the offer rather than just 'taking' the advice.

The most frequent mistake learners make with sunmak is using it in overly casual situations. Because English uses 'offer' or 'present' in many contexts, learners often over-apply sunmak where 'vermek' (to give) or 'ikram etmek' (to offer food/drink) would be more natural. If you are giving a friend a pen, saying 'Sana bu kalemi sunuyorum' sounds like you are performing a royal ceremony for a simple office supply.

Mistake 1: Casual Giving
Don't use 'sunmak' for everyday items. Use 'vermek'. WRONG: 'Bana tuzu sunar mısın?' (Would you present the salt to me?). RIGHT: 'Bana tuzu verir misin?'
Mistake 2: Food Hospitality
While 'sunmak' can be used for food in a menu, when physically handing someone a plate at home, 'ikram etmek' is the correct verb for 'offering'.
Mistake 3: Confusing with 'Teklif Etmek'
'Teklif etmek' means to propose or make a bid. 'Sunmak' is the act of showing or submitting. If you are proposing marriage, use 'evlenme teklif etmek', not 'sunmak'.

Hatalı: Arkadaşıma bir elma sundum. (Too formal)

Doğru: Arkadaşıma bir elma verdim.

Another common error involves the case endings. Since sunmak implies a direction (from the presenter to the audience), learners sometimes forget the dative (-e/-a) for the audience. 'Sınıf sunum yaptım' is incorrect; it must be 'SınıfA sunum yaptım' or 'SınıfA projeyi sundum'. Without the dative case, the sentence lacks the target of the presentation.

Finally, be careful with the passive form 'sunulmak'. In English, we often say 'The report was given', but in Turkish, if it was a formal report, you must use 'sunuldu'. Using 'verildi' for a formal presentation sounds slightly childish or overly simplistic in a professional report.

Turkish has several words that overlap with sunmak, and choosing the right one depends entirely on the 'register' (formality level) and the specific context of the action. Understanding these nuances is the key to moving from B1 to B2/C1 proficiency.

Arz etmek
This is the extremely formal version of 'sunmak', often used in military or high-level bureaucratic contexts. It literally means 'to present to a higher authority'. If you are writing to a government official, you use 'arz ederim'.
Teklif etmek
This means 'to propose' or 'to offer an idea/price'. While 'sunmak' is about showing something, 'teklif etmek' is about seeking an agreement. You 'sunmak' a report, but you 'teklif etmek' a solution.
Tanıtmak
This means 'to introduce'. If you are presenting a new person or a new product for the first time so people can get to know it, 'tanıtmak' is often more specific than 'sunmak'.
Gösterime girmek
Specifically for movies or plays, this means 'to go on display' or 'to be screened'.

Müdür beye durumu arz ettim.

Translation: I submitted the situation to the manager (very formal).

In business, you might also hear 'takdim etmek'. This is a very elegant way of saying 'to present' or 'to introduce'. It is often used when introducing a guest speaker: 'Şimdi kürsüye Sayın Profesörü takdim ediyorum' (I now present the Honorable Professor to the podium). It carries a sense of honor and prestige that 'sunmak' has, but 'takdim etmek' is even more focused on the person being introduced.

When choosing between these, consider the power dynamic. If you are equal to the person, 'sunmak' or 'vermek' is fine. If the person is much higher in rank, 'arz etmek' or 'sunmak' is better. If you are providing hospitality, 'ikram etmek' is the way to go. This social navigation is a core part of Turkish communication.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /sunˈmak/
US /sunˈmɑk/
Final syllable: sun-MAK.
तुकबंदी
bak yak çak tak ak pak hak sak
आम गलतियाँ
  • Pronouncing the 'u' like the 'u' in 'sun' (English). It should always be a rounded 'oo' sound.
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable.
  • Softening the 'k' at the end too much; it should be a clear, voiceless velar plosive.
पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

O, bana bir çiçek sundu.

He offered me a flower.

Direct object 'çiçek' is indefinite.

2

Haberleri kim sunuyor?

Who is presenting the news?

Present continuous tense.

3

Lütfen hediyeyi sunun.

Please present the gift.

Imperative form (plural/polite).

4

Anneme bir hediye sundum.

I presented a gift to my mother.

Past tense -dum.

5

Bize çay sundular.

They offered us tea.

Third person plural past tense.

6

Güzel bir şarkı sundu.

He/she presented a beautiful song.

Sunmak used for a performance.

7

Ona yardım sunduk.

We offered help to him/her.

Abstract object 'yardım'.

8

Kahve sunmak ister misiniz?

Would you like to offer coffee?

Infinitive + question.

1

Öğrenci ödevini öğretmene sundu.

The student presented their homework to the teacher.

Accusative 'ödevini' and Dative 'öğretmene'.

2

Bu akşam güzel bir program sunacağız.

We will present a good program this evening.

Future tense -acağız.

3

Garson menüyü sundu.

The waiter presented the menu.

Definite object with accusative -ü.

4

Size yeni bir fikir sunmak istiyorum.

I want to present a new idea to you.

Dative 'size' (to you).

5

Müdür konuşmasını sundu.

The manager presented his speech.

Possessive + Accusative.

6

Onlar bize bir seçenek sundular.

They offered us a choice.

Sunmak used for options.

7

Resimlerini sergide sundu.

He presented his paintings at the exhibition.

Locative 'sergide'.

8

Hangi kanalda haber sunuyorsun?

On which channel are you presenting news?

Second person singular present continuous.

1

Şirketimiz müşterilerine kaliteli hizmet sunar.

Our company offers quality service to its customers.

Aorist tense for general facts.

2

Raporu dün akşam yönetime sundum.

I submitted the report to the management yesterday evening.

Formal business usage.

3

Bu proje bize büyük avantajlar sunuyor.

This project offers us great advantages.

Abstract benefits.

4

Yeni ürünlerini fuarda sunacaklar.

They will present their new products at the fair.

Future tense with plural subject.

5

Lütfen önerilerinizi bize sunun.

Please present your suggestions to us.

Polite request.

6

Yarışmacı yeteneklerini jüriye sundu.

The contestant presented their talents to the jury.

Dative 'jüriye'.

7

Belgeleri eksiksiz bir şekilde sunmalısınız.

You must present the documents in a complete manner.

Necessitative mood -malı.

8

Bu dergi okuyucularına ilginç bilgiler sunuyor.

This magazine offers interesting information to its readers.

Present continuous for ongoing action.

1

Bilim insanı, bulgularını uluslararası bir konferansta sundu.

The scientist presented their findings at an international conference.

Formal academic context.

2

Hükümet, yeni ekonomik paketi meclise sundu.

The government submitted the new economic package to the parliament.

Political/Legal usage.

3

Bu teknoloji, kullanıcılara eşsiz bir deneyim sunmaktadır.

This technology offers users a unique experience.

Formal suffix -maktadır.

4

Yazar, son kitabında farklı bir bakış açısı sunuyor.

The author presents a different perspective in their last book.

Metaphorical presentation.

5

Ödül törenini ünlü bir oyuncu sunacak.

A famous actor will host the award ceremony.

Sunmak as 'to host/present'.

6

Kanıtlar mahkemeye sunulduktan sonra karar verilecek.

The decision will be made after the evidence is presented to the court.

Passive voice 'sunulduktan'.

7

Size bu imkanı sunanlara teşekkür etmelisiniz.

You should thank those who offer you this opportunity.

Participle 'sunanlara'.

8

Şirket, çalışanlarına esnek çalışma saatleri sunuyor.

The company offers flexible working hours to its employees.

Corporate benefits context.

1

Tez savunmasında iddialarını yetkin bir dille sundu.

He presented his claims with a competent language during the thesis defense.

High-level academic usage.

2

Yönetmen, toplumsal sorunları çarpıcı bir biçimde sunuyor.

The director presents social issues in a striking manner.

Artistic critique context.

3

Saygılarımı sunar, gereğinin yapılmasını rica ederim.

I offer my respects and request that the necessary action be taken.

Bureaucratic formulaic expression.

4

Bu eser, dönemin ruhunu tüm çıplaklığıyla sunmaktadır.

This work presents the spirit of the era in all its nakedness.

Literary analysis.

5

Protokol kuralları çerçevesinde hediyeler sunuldu.

Gifts were presented within the framework of protocol rules.

Formal passive construction.

6

Müzakere masasında yeni bir barış planı sunulması bekleniyor.

It is expected that a new peace plan will be presented at the negotiation table.

Passive infinitive 'sunulması'.

7

Küratör, serginin temasını ziyaretçilere sundu.

The curator presented the theme of the exhibition to the visitors.

Specialized professional context.

8

Hayat bazen insana beklenmedik sürprizler sunar.

Life sometimes offers unexpected surprises to humans.

Philosophical/Abstract personification.

1

Filozof, varoluşsal kaygıları sistematik bir çerçevede sundu.

The philosopher presented existential anxieties within a systematic framework.

Highly abstract/Academic.

2

Diplomatik teamüllere uygun olarak itimatnamesini sundu.

He presented his credentials in accordance with diplomatic customs.

Specific legal/diplomatic terminology.

3

Besteci, hüznü notaların arasına gizleyerek sundu.

The composer presented sadness by hiding it between the notes.

Poetic/Metaphorical.

4

Bu rapor, sektörün geleceğine dair kapsamlı bir projeksiyon sunmaktadır.

This report offers a comprehensive projection regarding the future of the sector.

Advanced business/Technical.

5

Arz ve talep dengesi, piyasanın sunduğu verilere dayanır.

The balance of supply and demand is based on the data offered by the market.

Economic terminology.

6

Siyasetçi, vaatlerini halkın takdirine sundu.

The politician submitted his promises to the public's appreciation.

Idiomatic formal expression.

7

Eski metinler, dilin evrimine dair eşsiz ipuçları sunar.

Ancient texts offer unique clues regarding the evolution of language.

Scientific/Linguistic context.

8

Müellif, eserinde hakikati bir kurgu süzgecinden geçirerek sunuyor.

The author presents the truth in his work by passing it through a filter of fiction.

Literary theory context.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

Hizmet sunmak
Rapor sunmak
Öneri sunmak
Haber sunmak
Saygı sunmak
Fırsat sunmak
Hediye sunmak
Kanıt sunmak
Bildiri sunmak
Seçenek sunmak

सामान्य वाक्यांश

Bilgilerinize sunarım

— A formal way to say 'I submit this for your information' in emails.

Hazırladığım dosyayı bilgilerinize sunarım.

Hizmete sunmak

— To put something into service or make it available for use.

Yeni köprü halkın hizmetine sunuldu.

Görücüye sunmak

— To display something for the first time for public approval.

Yeni model araba fuarda görücüye sunuldu.

Beğeniye sunmak

— To present something for people to like or appreciate.

Tasarımcı koleksiyonunu beğeniye sundu.

Takdirine sunmak

— To leave something to someone's judgment or appreciation.

Kararı sizin takdirinize sunuyorum.

Ödül sunmak

— To present an award.

Kazananlara ödüllerini vali sundu.

Huzuruna sunmak

— To present before someone (usually someone important).

Projesini padişahın huzuruna sundu.

Başarılar sunmak

— To offer wishes of success.

Tüm öğrencilere başarılar sunuyoruz.

Özür sunmak

— To offer an apology (very formal).

Gecikme için özürlerimi sunarım.

Katkı sunmak

— To provide or offer a contribution.

Tartışmaya önemli bir katkı sundu.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"Altın tepside sunmak"

— To offer something on a silver platter; to make something very easy to get.

İşi ona altın tepside sundular.

Informal/Idiomatic
"Arz-ı endam etmek"

— To show up, to appear, or to show off one's beauty.

Sonunda davette arz-ı endam etti.

Literary/Old-fashioned
"Görücüye çıkmak"

— To be presented for the first time (originally for a bride-to-be).

Yeni telefon bugün görücüye çıktı.

Neutral/Cultural
"Sunu yapmak"

— To give a presentation (modern usage).

Yarın büyük bir sunu yapacağım.

Business/Academic
"Hizmetine amade sunmak"

— To offer something as completely ready for someone's service.

Tüm imkanları onun hizmetine amade sundular.

Formal
"Gözler önüne sunmak"

— To reveal or display clearly for all to see.

Gerçekleri tüm çıplaklığıyla gözler önüne sundu.

Literary
"Sofraya sunmak"

— To serve or present to the table.

Yemekleri sıcak bir şekilde sofraya sundu.

Neutral
"Baş tacı ederek sunmak"

— To present something with the highest level of respect and honor.

Misafirperverliklerini bize baş tacı ederek sundular.

Formal/Poetic
"Kurban sunmak"

— To offer a sacrifice (religious context).

Tanrılara kurban sundular.

Religious/Historical
"Meydan sunmak"

— To provide an opportunity or space (less common).

Bu durum ona yeni bir meydan sundu.

Literary

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

Sunum (Presentation)
Sunucu (Presenter/Host)
Sunu (Offering/Slide)
Sunuluş (The way of being presented)

क्रिया

Sunulmak (To be presented - Passive)
Sundurmak (To cause to present - Causative)

विशेषण

Sunulabilir (Presentable)
Sunulan (Presented/Offered)

संबंधित

A
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