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B1 adjective #800 सबसे आम 8 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

主动

zhudong शीर्ष 800

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 主动 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 主动 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '主动' (zhǔdòng) as 'doing something first' or 'doing something without being told.' For example, if you see a friend and say 'Hello' first, you are being '主动.' It is a very useful word to describe good behavior in school or at home. You might hear a teacher say '主动学习' (study on your own). Just remember that it means you are the one who starts the action. It is the opposite of waiting for someone else to tell you what to do. You can use it like this: '我主动说话' (I speak first). It's a positive word that shows you are a helpful and energetic person.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the A2 level, '主动' is used to describe a proactive attitude in daily life. You will often see it in sentences like '他主动帮助别人' (He proactively helps others). This level introduces the idea that '主动' is a desirable trait in social interactions. For instance, if you want to make friends, you should be '主动' and introduce yourself. You might also encounter its opposite, '被动' (bèidòng), which means passive. Learning these two together helps you describe different types of people and behaviors. '主动' is also used when you offer to do something, like '主动打扫房间' (voluntarily clean the room).

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B1 level, '主动' becomes an essential word for professional and social contexts. It describes 'taking the initiative.' In a job interview, you might say you are a '主动的人' (a proactive person). It is often used as an adverb to modify verbs: '主动联系客户' (proactively contact clients) or '主动承担责任' (take the initiative to assume responsibility). You will also start to see the noun form '主动性' (proactivity/initiative). At this level, you should understand that '主动' implies a sense of responsibility and leadership. It is not just about being fast, but about being the source of the action.

At the B2 level, you will use '主动' in more abstract and strategic ways. For example, '争取主动' means to strive for the initiative in a competition or negotiation. It is about controlling the situation rather than being controlled by it. You will also see it in technical terms like '主动语态' (active voice) in grammar. At this level, you should be able to distinguish '主动' from similar words like '积极' (positive) and '自愿' (voluntary). '主动' specifically emphasizes the 'starting' aspect of the action. You might also hear it in social commentary about modern relationships and gender roles.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C1 level, '主动' is used in sophisticated discussions about philosophy, psychology, and international relations. You might analyze the '主观能动性' (subjective initiative/agency) of individuals in society. In political science, '掌握战略主动权' (grasping the strategic initiative) is a common phrase. You will understand the deep cultural nuances of when being '主动' is seen as a sign of strength versus when it might be perceived as overstepping boundaries. Your usage should be precise, using it to describe complex human motivations and the dynamics of power and influence in various systems.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '主动' and its myriad applications. You can use it to discuss the nuances of existential agency, the mechanics of automated systems ('主动' vs '自动'), and the linguistic subtleties of the active voice in classical vs. modern Chinese. You are comfortable using it in high-level literary or academic writing to describe the driving forces of history or the psychological underpinnings of human behavior. You understand its role in the 'Taoist' vs 'Confucian' perspectives on action and non-action (无为). Your command of the word allows you to use it with perfect tone and context in any professional or academic setting.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

主动 30 सेकंड में

Taking the initiative in any situation.
Being proactive rather than reactive.
Acting of one's own free will.
The source of motion or control.

The Chinese word 主动 (zhǔdòng) is a cornerstone of modern interpersonal and professional communication in Mandarin. At its core, it describes the act of taking the initiative, being proactive, or acting of one's own volition rather than waiting for instructions or external pressure. It is the opposite of being passive or reactive.

Core Concept: The internal drive to start an action. It implies a sense of agency and leadership over one's own behavior.

In social contexts, 主动 is often used to describe someone who makes the first move in a relationship or a friendship. For instance, if you meet someone you like, 'taking the initiative' to ask for their WeChat is described as 主动. In the workplace, a 'proactive' employee who identifies problems before they occur and suggests solutions is highly valued for their 主动性 (proactivity).

如果你想交朋友，你应该更主动一点。 (If you want to make friends, you should be a bit more proactive.)

Professional Usage: Used in performance reviews to praise employees who don't need constant supervision.

Beyond human behavior, 主动 also appears in technical fields. In mechanics, it refers to the 'driving' part of a machine (like a driving wheel), as opposed to the 'driven' (被动) part. This highlights the word's fundamental meaning of being the source of motion or change.

他在工作中非常主动，经常提出新想法。 (He is very proactive at work and often proposes new ideas.)

Interpersonal Dynamics: Refers to who controls the 'pace' or 'direction' of a conversation or relationship.

Understanding 主动 is essential for navigating Chinese social etiquette. It is often paired with verbs like 要求 (request), 承担 (undertake), or 联系 (contact). By using this word, you communicate a high level of self-awareness and responsibility.

他主动承认了错误。 (He took the initiative to admit his mistake.)

我们要争取主动，不要处于被动地位。 (We must strive for the initiative and not be in a passive position.)

学习要主动，不能总是等老师提醒。 (Learning should be proactive; you can't always wait for the teacher to remind you.)

Using 主动 correctly involves understanding its role as both an adjective and an adverbial modifier. It typically appears before a verb to indicate that the action was performed voluntarily or proactively.

Pattern 1: 主动 + Verb: This is the most common structure. Example: 主动帮助 (take the initiative to help).

When used as an adjective to describe a person's character or state, it often follows 很 (very) or 非常 (extremely). For example, 他很主动 (He is very proactive). This can refer to his work ethic or his behavior in social settings.

老板喜欢主动寻找解决办法的员工。 (The boss likes employees who proactively look for solutions.)

Pattern 2: 表现得 + 很主动: Used to describe how someone is behaving in a specific situation. Example: 他在面试中表现得很主动 (He acted very proactively during the interview).

In more complex sentences, 主动 can be part of a contrast with 被动 (passive). This is common in strategic discussions, sports, or debates where one party seeks to 'seize the initiative' (争取主动).

在谈判中，我们要设法掌握主动权。 (In negotiations, we must try to grasp the power of initiative.)

Pattern 3: 主动 + Noun (Technical): In engineering: 主动轮 (driving wheel).

When talking about learning or self-improvement, 主动 is often paired with 意识 (consciousness/awareness). 主动意识 refers to the mindset of being proactive.

他主动向老师请教问题。 (He took the initiative to ask the teacher questions.)

我们应该主动适应环境的变化。 (We should proactively adapt to changes in the environment.)

他主动放弃了这次机会。 (He voluntarily gave up this opportunity.)

You will encounter 主动 in a variety of real-life scenarios in China, from the corporate office to the dating scene. It is a high-frequency word that carries significant social weight.

The Workplace: During performance reviews, managers often say, '小王工作很主动' (Xiao Wang is very proactive in his work). This is one of the highest compliments a junior employee can receive.

In the context of dating and relationships, 主动 is a frequent topic of discussion in podcasts and social media. You might hear friends asking, '谁先主动的？' (Who made the first move?). There is often a debate about whether men or women should be more 主动 in modern dating.

在恋爱中，女生也可以更主动一些。 (In dating, girls can also be more proactive.)

Education: Teachers encourage students to '主动学习' (proactive learning) rather than '被动接受' (passive acceptance). This is a major shift in modern Chinese educational philosophy.

In news and politics, you'll hear about '掌握外交主动权' (grasping the initiative in diplomacy). This refers to a country taking actions that force others to respond, rather than just reacting to others' moves.

我们要主动融入全球经济。 (We should proactively integrate into the global economy.)

Self-Help and Psychology: Many self-help books in China emphasize '主动人生' (a proactive life), encouraging people to take control of their destiny.

Even in daily chores, the word is used. If a child cleans their room without being told, a parent might say, '今天怎么这么主动？' (Why are you so proactive today?).

他主动承担了所有的家务。 (He took the initiative to do all the housework.)

我们要主动发现问题，解决问题。 (We should proactively discover and solve problems.)

在社交场合，他总是表现得很主动。 (In social situations, he always acts very proactively.)

While 主动 is a versatile word, learners often confuse it with other similar terms or use it in grammatically incorrect ways. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker.

Mistake 1: Confusing '主动' with '积极': '积极' (jījí) means 'positive' or 'enthusiastic'. While a proactive person is often positive, '主动' specifically refers to the act of starting something. You can be '积极' (enthusiastic) about a task someone else gave you, but you are '主动' if you started it yourself.

Another common error is using 主动 as a noun to mean 'initiative' in the sense of a 'new plan' (like 'The Belt and Road Initiative'). In that case, the word is 倡议 (chàngyì). 主动 as a noun usually means 'the state of having the initiative' (主动权).

错误：他提出了一个主动。 (Incorrect: He proposed an initiative.)
正确：他提出了一个倡议。 (Correct: He proposed an initiative.)

Mistake 2: Incorrect Adverbial Placement: Learners sometimes place '主动' after the verb. In Chinese, adverbial modifiers almost always come before the verb. Say '主动联系' (proactively contact), not '联系主动'.

Furthermore, avoid overusing 主动 in situations where 'voluntary' (自愿) is more appropriate. 自愿 implies you are doing something of your own free will, often in a context of choice or sacrifice, whereas 主动 emphasizes the 'first move' aspect.

他主动请客。 (He took the initiative to treat everyone.) vs 他自愿加班。 (He volunteered to work overtime.)

Mistake 3: Confusing with '自动': '自动' (zìdòng) means 'automatic' (like an automatic door). '主动' involves human will. A machine is '自动', a person is '主动'.

Lastly, remember that 主动 is an adjective. If you want to say 'proactivity' as a noun, you must add 性 (xìng) to make it 主动性.

我们要发挥工作的主动性。 (We should give play to the proactivity of our work.)

不要总是被动地等待，要主动出击。 (Don't always wait passively; take the initiative to attack.)

他主动向警察投案自首。 (He took the initiative to surrender to the police.)

To truly master 主动, it's helpful to compare it with related words that share similar meanings but have distinct nuances.

积极 (jījí) - Positive / Active: Focuses on the attitude and energy level. You can be '积极' in following orders, but '主动' means you didn't need the orders.

自愿 (zìyuàn) - Voluntary: Focuses on the lack of coercion. It's often used in legal or formal contexts (e.g., '自愿参加').

Another interesting comparison is with 率先 (shuài xiān), which means 'to take the lead' or 'to be the first to do something'. While 主动 is about the internal will, 率先 is about the chronological order of the action.

他率先完成了任务。 (He was the first to complete the task.)

自觉 (zìjué) - Conscious / Self-aware: Refers to doing something because you know it's the right thing to do, often related to discipline (e.g., '自觉遵守纪律').

In a business context, you might use 抢占先机 (qiǎngzhàn xiānjī) to mean 'seizing the first opportunity', which is a more aggressive form of being 主动.

他工作很自觉，不需要人催。 (He is very self-disciplined and doesn't need to be pushed.)

勇于 (yǒngyú) - To have the courage to: Often used with '主动' to emphasize the bravery required to take initiative, like '勇于主动承担责任'.

Finally, consider 自发 (zìfā), which means 'spontaneous'. This is often used for collective actions that happen without a central organizer, like a '自发组织的活动' (spontaneously organized activity).

这次捐款是村民们自发的。 (This donation was spontaneous by the villagers.)

他主动提出了辞职。 (He took the initiative to resign.)

我们要主动寻找合作的机会。 (We should proactively look for opportunities for cooperation.)

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

In mechanical engineering, '主动' refers to the part that provides the power, like the engine or the driving gear, which perfectly matches its psychological meaning.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /tʃuː dɒŋ/

US /dʒu dɔŋ/

The emphasis is slightly stronger on the second syllable 'dòng'.

तुकबंदी

流动 (liúdòng) 感动 (gǎndòng) 运动 (yùndòng) 推动 (tuīdòng) 劳动 (láodòng) 激动 (jīdòng) 生动 (shēngdòng) 波动 (bōdòng)

आम गलतियाँ

Pronouncing 'zh' like 'z' (zǔdòng).
Mixing up the tones (e.g., zhūdòng).
Confusing 'dòng' with 'dōng'.
Not curling the tongue for the 'zh' sound.
Making the third tone too short.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 3/5

Characters are common but '主动' vs '自动' can be tricky.

लिखना 4/5

Writing '主动' requires knowing the 'zhǔ' and 'dòng' characters.

बोलना 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you master the tones.

श्रवण 2/5

High frequency word, easy to recognize.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

主动帮助要求被动

आगे सीखें

积极自愿主动性主观掌握

उन्नत

主观能动性先发制人反客为主战略主动权主动语态

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

Adverbial Modifier Placement

主动 (Adverb) + 帮助 (Verb)

The 'De' Particle (地)

主动地承担责任 (Optional but formal)

Stative Verbs/Adjectives with 'Hen'

他很主动 (He is very proactive)

Resultative Complements

争取到主动 (Gained the initiative)

Passive Voice (Contrast)

被动语态 vs 主动语态

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

他主动打招呼。

He greeted (me) first.

主动 + Verb

我主动学习汉语。

I study Chinese on my own initiative.

Subject + 主动 + Verb

你要主动一点。

You should be a bit more proactive.

主动 + 一点 (a bit)

他主动帮妈妈。

He proactively helps his mom.

主动 + 帮助

谁先主动说话？

Who spoke first?

Question word + 主动

我不主动，他也不主动。

I don't take the initiative, and neither does he.

Negative: 不 + 主动

主动是好事。

Taking initiative is a good thing.

主动 as a subject

老师喜欢主动的学生。

The teacher likes proactive students.

主动 + 的 + Noun

他主动要求加班。

He took the initiative to ask for overtime.

主动 + 要求

我们应该主动联系他。

We should proactively contact him.

应该 + 主动 + Verb

他主动承认了错误。

He took the initiative to admit the mistake.

主动 + 承认

在课上要主动提问。

In class, you should proactively ask questions.

在...中 + 主动

他表现得很主动。

He acted very proactively.

表现得 + 很 + 主动

主动一点，机会更多。

Be a bit more proactive, and there will be more opportunities.

Imperative use

他主动把座位让给老人。

He took the initiative to give his seat to the elderly.

主动 + 把-construction

我喜欢主动的人。

I like proactive people.

Adjective modifying a person

员工应该发挥主动性。

Employees should exercise their proactivity.

发挥 + 主动性 (noun)

他主动申请了这个项目。

He proactively applied for this project.

主动 + 申请

我们要争取工作的主动权。

We must strive for the initiative in our work.

争取 + 主动权 (noun)

他主动放弃了晋升机会。

He voluntarily gave up the promotion opportunity.

主动 + 放弃

在社交场合，他很主动。

In social situations, he is very proactive.

Contextual adjective

主动沟通可以减少误会。

Proactive communication can reduce misunderstandings.

主动 + Verb as a subject

他主动向领导汇报进度。

He took the initiative to report the progress to the leader.

主动 + 向...汇报

不要总是等别人主动。

Don't always wait for others to take the initiative.

Negative advice

这种机器是主动控制的。

This kind of machine is actively controlled.

Technical usage

他在谈判中掌握了主动。

He grasped the initiative in the negotiation.

掌握 + 主动 (noun-like)

主动语态比被动语态更有力。

The active voice is more powerful than the passive voice.

主动语态 (Active Voice)

我们必须主动适应市场变化。

We must proactively adapt to market changes.

主动 + 适应

他主动承担了项目的全部风险。

He proactively took on all the risks of the project.

主动 + 承担

主动权掌握在我们的手里。

The initiative is in our hands.

主动权 as subject

他主动辞去了经理的职务。

He took the initiative to resign from the manager position.

主动 + 辞去

我们要变被动为主动。

We must change from passive to active.

变...为...

发挥人的主观能动性至关重要。

Giving play to human subjective initiative is crucial.

主观能动性 (philosophical term)

企业应主动履行社会责任。

Enterprises should proactively fulfill their social responsibilities.

主动 + 履行

他主动揭露了公司的财务丑闻。

He took the initiative to expose the company's financial scandal.

主动 + 揭露

在外交博弈中，失去主动意味着失败。

In diplomatic games, losing the initiative means failure.

失去 + 主动

他主动寻求心理咨询的帮助。

He proactively sought help from psychological counseling.

主动 + 寻求

我们要主动融入全球价值链。

We should proactively integrate into the global value chain.

主动 + 融入

他主动放弃了外交豁免权。

He voluntarily waived his diplomatic immunity.

主动 + 放弃

这种主动防御系统非常先进。

This active defense system is very advanced.

主动防御 (Active Defense)

主观能动性是辩证唯物主义的核心概念。

Subjective initiative is a core concept of dialectical materialism.

Academic context

他主动解构了传统的权力体系。

He proactively deconstructed the traditional power system.

主动 + 解构 (deconstruct)

在复杂的博弈论模型中，主动权是动态变化的。

In complex game theory models, the initiative changes dynamically.

Scientific context

他主动承担了历史赋予的使命。

He proactively took on the mission bestowed by history.

Literary context

这种主动式传感器能实时监测环境变化。

This active sensor can monitor environmental changes in real-time.

Technical/Engineering

我们要主动应对人口老龄化的挑战。

We must proactively respond to the challenges of an aging population.

Policy/Sociology

他主动发起了这场思想启蒙运动。

He proactively initiated this intellectual enlightenment movement.

Historical/Cultural

主动权不仅是实力的体现，更是智慧的博弈。

The initiative is not only a reflection of strength but also a game of wisdom.

Philosophical observation

समानार्थी शब्द

积极自觉自发

विलोम शब्द

被动

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

主动要求

主动联系

主动承认

主动性

主动权

主动语态

主动轮

主动攻击

主动辞职

主动学习

सामान्य वाक्यांश

争取主动

— To strive for the initiative in a situation.

我们在比赛中要争取主动。

失去主动

— To lose control or the initiative.

由于失误，我们失去了主动。

主动出击

— To take the initiative to attack or act.

面对困难，我们要主动出击。

主动示好

— To take the initiative to show kindness or make peace.

他主动向邻居示好。

主动请缨

— To volunteer for a difficult task (idiomatic).

他主动请缨去前线工作。

主动交代

— To confess or explain something voluntarily.

他向警察主动交代了情况。

主动放弃

— To give up something voluntarily.

他主动放弃了继承权。

主动配合

— To cooperate proactively.

请大家主动配合我们的工作。

主动思考

— To think proactively and independently.

学生应该学会主动思考。

主动作为

— To take proactive actions (often used in government).

政府要主动作为，解决民生问题。

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

主动 vs 自动

Means 'automatic' (machines). '主动' is for human will.

主动 vs 积极

Means 'positive/enthusiastic'. You can be positive but still wait for orders.

主动 vs 自愿

Means 'voluntary'. Focuses on free will vs. coercion.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"反客为主"

— The guest becomes the host; to take the initiative from someone else.

他在谈判中反客为主，掌握了局面。

Literary

"先发制人"

— To gain the upper hand by striking first.

我们要先发制人，不能等对方动手。

Strategic

"当仁不让"

— Not to decline a responsibility that one should take.

面对这个重任，他当仁不让地接受了。

Formal

"毛遂自荐"

— To volunteer one's services; to recommend oneself.

他毛遂自荐，担任了班长。

Historical

"挺身而出"

— To step forward bravely in a crisis.

在危险时刻，他挺身而出。

Heroic

"责无旁贷"

— To be duty-bound; one's own responsibility.

保护环境，我们责无旁贷。

Formal

"自告奋勇"

— To volunteer for a task with enthusiasm.

他自告奋勇去修理那台机器。

Common

"当机立断"

— To make a prompt decision at the right moment.

他当机立断，采取了行动。

Strategic

"以身作则"

— To lead by example.

领导应该以身作则，主动加班。

Formal

"身先士卒"

— To charge at the head of one's men; to lead by example.

经理身先士卒，第一个完成了任务。

Military/Business

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

主动 vs 积极

Both imply 'active' behavior.

积极 is about attitude; 主动 is about who starts the action.

他积极参加会议，但从不主动发言。

主动 vs 自动

Both have '动' and mean 'moving by itself'.

自动 is for machines/systems; 主动 is for conscious human choice.

门是自动开的，但他主动帮我开门。

主动 vs 自发

Both mean 'not forced'.

自发 is often for groups or natural impulses; 主动 is a deliberate choice.

群众自发组织了活动，他主动担任了队长。

主动 vs 自觉

Both involve doing things without being told.

自觉 is about self-discipline and following rules; 主动 is about taking initiative.

他自觉遵守纪律，并主动帮助新同学。

主动 vs 率先

Both involve being the first.

率先 is formal and focuses on chronological order; 主动 focuses on the will.

他率先冲过终点，因为他平时主动训练。

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

S + 主动 + V

他主动说话。

S + 应该 + 主动 + V

你应该主动帮助他。

S + 表现得 + 很主动

他在工作中表现得很主动。

发挥 + 主动性

我们要发挥员工的主动性。

掌握 + 主动权

我们掌握了谈判的主动权。

变被动为主动

我们要变被动为主动。

主动 + 履行/承担 + N

企业应主动履行社会责任。

主观能动性

发挥人的主观能动性。

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

主动性 (proactivity)

主动权 (initiative/power)

主动语态 (active voice)

क्रिया

主导 (to lead/dominate)

动员 (to mobilize)

动作 (action)

विशेषण

主动的 (proactive)

主观的 (subjective)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Very High in both spoken and written Chinese.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using '主动' for automatic machines. → 自动 (zìdòng)
'主动' requires human will; '自动' is for pre-programmed machines.
Placing '主动' after the verb. → 主动 + Verb
In Chinese, adverbs usually precede the verb.
Confusing '主动' with '积极'. → Use '主动' for starting; '积极' for attitude.
You can be positive (积极) about a task you were told to do, but you are only '主动' if you started it yourself.
Using '主动' as a noun for 'a plan'. → 倡议 (chàngyì)
'主动' as a noun means 'the state of initiative', not a specific proposal.
Saying '主动语' instead of '主动语态'. → 主动语态
'Active voice' is a fixed term in grammar.

सुझाव

Word Order

Always place '主动' before the verb. '主动联系' is correct; '联系主动' is not.

Social Balance

In China, being '主动' is good, but observe the social hierarchy. Sometimes waiting for a superior to speak first is expected.

Pair with '性'

To turn '主动' into a noun (initiative), just add '性' (xìng) at the end.

Tone Clarity

Make sure the third tone in 'zhǔ' is deep and the fourth tone in 'dòng' is sharp.

Job Interviews

Use '主动性' when describing your strengths. It's a buzzword that employers love.

Active Voice

Remember '主动语态' if you are discussing linguistics or writing styles.

Context Clues

If you hear '主动' in a mechanical context, it probably means 'driving' or 'powered'.

Games and Sports

Use '争取主动' to describe trying to take control of a match.

Master of Motion

Think: 'Zhu' (Master) + 'Dong' (Move). The Master initiates the move.

Making Friends

Being '主动' is the best way to practice Chinese. '主动' talk to native speakers!

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'zhǔ' as the 'Master' (主人) and 'dòng' as 'Move' (动). A Master Moves himself; he doesn't wait for others to move him.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a person standing up and walking toward a door while everyone else is sitting down. That person is '主动'.

Word Web

主动性主动权主动语态主动地主动要求主动联系主动承认主动放弃

चैलेंज

Try to use '主动' in three different sentences today: one about work, one about a friend, and one about your studies.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

The word is composed of '主' (zhǔ - master/main/self) and '动' (dòng - move/action). It literally means 'self-moving' or 'moving as the master of the action.'

मूल अर्थ: In ancient texts, '主' referred to a lamp's flame or a master of a house, and '动' referred to physical movement. Together, they imply movement directed by the self.

Sino-Tibetan

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Be careful not to sound too demanding when telling someone else to be '主动', as it can sound like a criticism of their laziness.

English speakers often use 'proactive' or 'take the initiative'. '主动' is a direct equivalent but carries a stronger sense of 'voluntariness' in some contexts.

毛泽东 (Mao Zedong) frequently used '争取主动' in his military writings. Modern Chinese self-help gurus like 李笑来 emphasize '主动' in personal growth. The concept of '主观能动性' is a staple of Chinese Marxist philosophy taught in schools.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Job Interview

我是一个工作主动的人。
我喜欢主动解决问题。
我会发挥我的主动性。
我主动学习新技能。

Dating

谁先主动的？
你应该更主动一点。
我不喜欢太主动的男生。
他主动约我吃饭。

School

主动提问。
主动完成作业。
主动参加活动。
主动帮助同学。

Sports/Games

掌握主动权。
主动进攻。
失去主动。
争取主动。

Legal/Official

主动投案。
主动交代问题。
主动放弃权利。
主动履行义务。

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"你觉得在一段感情中，谁应该更主动？"

"在工作中，你是一个主动的人吗？"

"你曾经主动向别人表白过吗？"

"你认为主动学习和被动学习有什么区别？"

"如果你看到有人需要帮助，你会主动上前吗？"

डायरी विषय

写一写你最近一次主动帮助别人的经历。

你觉得主动性对一个人的成功有多重要？

在你的文化中，人们倾向于主动还是被动？

描述一个你主动承担责任并取得好结果的故事。

如果你想变得更主动，你会从哪些方面开始改变？

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Usually, yes. It implies proactivity and responsibility. However, in some contexts, being 'too proactive' (太主动) might be seen as aggressive or pushy, especially in sensitive social situations.

Only in specific technical terms like '主动轮' (driving wheel). For 'automatic' functions, use '自动' (zìdòng).

'主动' is an adjective or adverb (proactive/proactively). '主动性' is the noun form (proactivity/initiative).

You can say '采取主动' (cǎiqǔ zhǔdòng) or '争取主动' (zhēngqǔ zhǔdòng).

Yes, it's very common. '主动追求' means to proactively pursue someone romantically.

Yes, '主动语态' (zhǔdòng yǔtài) means the 'active voice'.

The opposite is '被动' (bèidòng), which means passive or reactive.

It can, but '自愿' (zìyuàn) is a more precise word for 'voluntary' in legal or formal contexts.

Yes, adding '地' makes it an adverb, but in many cases, '主动' can modify a verb directly without '地'.

Yes, it is typically introduced at the B1 level as it is essential for workplace and social communication.

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